National Initiatives for Biodiversity Conservation – UPSC Environment Notes
Biodiversity conservation involves the protection of the variety of species and organisms essential to nature.
Ex-Situ Conservation – UPSC Environment Notes
Ex-situ conservation has expanded beyond safeguarding vulnerable species, now incorporating cryopreservation technology. This allows gametes of endangered species to be stored in a viable and fertile state for extended periods.
Sacred Groves – UPSC Environment Notes
Sacred groves are collectively safeguarded woodlands typically holding profound religious significance for the community responsible for their protection.
Community Reserves – UPSC Environment Notes
The State Government holds the authority to designate any communal or private land as a Community Reserves, provided that the concerned community members or individuals consent to dedicating these areas to safeguard fauna, flora, as well as their traditions, cultures, and practices.
Conservation Reserve – UPSC Environment Notes
Oversight of these areas is managed by a Conservation Reserve Management Committee. Upon consultation with local communities, the State Government has the authority to designate any government-owned area as a conservation reserve.
Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) – UPSC Environment Notes
the boundaries of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries as eco-fragile zones or Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) under the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986.
Biosphere Reserve – UPSC Environment Notes
A Biosphere Reserve (BR) is an international designation by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for significant portions of natural and cultural landscapes that extend over extensive areas of terrestrial or coastal/marine ecosystems, or a blend of both.
National Park – UPSC Environment Notes
The 1972 Wild Life (Protection) Act empowered the State Government to create National Park in regions recognized for their ecological, geomorphological, and natural significance.
Wildlife Sanctuaries or Wildlife Refuges – UPSC Environment Notes
The Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972 empowers the State Government to officially designate specific regions as wildlife sanctuaries, considering their ecological, geomorphological, and natural significance.
Reserved and Protected Forests – UPSC Environment Notes
Reserved forests and protected forests differ in terms of government control and property rights. Reserved forests are under full government control, while in protected forests, the government retains only property rights.
