{"id":11521,"date":"2023-10-07T12:53:48","date_gmt":"2023-10-07T12:53:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=11521"},"modified":"2024-01-10T05:59:33","modified_gmt":"2024-01-10T05:59:33","slug":"eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Eka Movement (1921) &#8211; UPSC Modern History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Eka Movement, also known as the Unity Movement, was a significant peasant movement that emerged in the districts of Lucknow, Hardoi, Unnao, and Sitapur in colonial India in November 1921. It was part of a broader wave of peasant uprisings that occurred in the aftermath of World War I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The movement was initially supported by both the Indian National Congress and the Khilafat movement, which aimed to protect the interests of Muslims regarding the Ottoman Caliphate. However, the leadership of the movement later shifted to Madari Pasi, a low-caste leader who was not aligned with the nonviolent ideology espoused by Mahatma Gandhi and the nationalist class.<\/li><li>The main grievance that fueled the Eka Movement was the issue of high rents imposed on peasants, which sometimes exceeded 50% of their recorded rent. The movement also protested against the oppressive practices of the thekedars, who were responsible for rent collection, and the system of sharecropping. Peasants were burdened by heavy rent payments and exploitative labor practices, leading to widespread discontent.<\/li><li>The Eka meetings, held as part of the movement, were marked by religious rituals symbolizing unity and resistance. Peasants would dig a hole representing the Ganga (a sacred river), fill it with water, and make vows to pay only recorded rent, refuse to do forced labor, abide by Panchayat (local self-government) decisions, and remain united.<\/li><li>However, as the movement shifted its leadership to Madari Pasi, who advocated a more confrontational approach, it lost support from the nationalist class. Gandhi and the Congress leaders emphasized nonviolent resistance, and the movement&#8217;s turn towards violence led to a disconnection between the Eka Movement and the broader nationalist struggle.<\/li><li>The movement faced severe repression from the authorities, and in March 1922, it came to an end. The British colonial administration employed repressive measures to suppress the movement, leading to its eventual decline.<\/li><li>Although the Eka Movement ultimately faced repression and did not achieve its immediate goals, it represented a significant episode of peasant resistance against the exploitative agrarian system under colonial rule. It highlighted the deep-seated grievances of the peasantry and their willingness to mobilize collectively to demand their rights and challenge oppressive practices.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e40041d8726\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e40041d8726\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Eka_Movement_%E2%80%93_Causes\" title=\"Eka Movement &#8211; Causes&nbsp;\">Eka Movement &#8211; Causes&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Objectives_Eka_Movement\" title=\"Objectives Eka Movement\">Objectives Eka Movement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Outcome_Eka_Movement\" title=\"Outcome Eka Movement\">Outcome Eka Movement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#1_What_is_the_meaning_of_%E2%80%9CEka%E2%80%9D\" title=\"1. What is the meaning of &#8220;Eka&#8221;?\">1. What is the meaning of &#8220;Eka&#8221;?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#2_What_does_%E2%80%9CEka_Ek%E2%80%9D_mean_in_English\" title=\"2. What does &#8220;Eka Ek&#8221; mean in English?\">2. What does &#8220;Eka Ek&#8221; mean in English?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#3_When_did_the_Eka_Movement_begin\" title=\"3. When did the Eka Movement begin?\">3. When did the Eka Movement begin?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#4_On_what_date_did_the_Eka_Movement_start\" title=\"4. On what date did the Eka Movement start?\">4. On what date did the Eka Movement start?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#5_What_was_the_reason_behind_the_Eka_Movement\" title=\"5. What was the reason behind the Eka Movement?\">5. What was the reason behind the Eka Movement?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/eka-movement-1921-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211; here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211; here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eka_Movement_%E2%80%93_Causes\"><\/span>Eka Movement &#8211; Causes&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The primary catalyst for the movement was the exorbitant rent, which often exceeded 50% of the officially recorded rental value in certain areas. The movement gained momentum due to the mistreatment of thekedars responsible for rent collection and the practice of share rent. The uprising was deeply rooted in the exploitative agrarian structure of the Awadh region, which was controlled by Taluqdars (aristocratic hereditary landowners) and zamindars, who were typically Hindu or Muslim elites. These landowners leased land to tenant farmers and imposed exorbitant rents and additional fees to collect revenue for the colonial government. Tenant farmers, who hired agricultural laborers to cultivate the land, had no ownership rights and faced eviction by the zamindars if they failed to pay rent.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives_Eka_Movement\"><\/span>Objectives Eka Movement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The objectives of the movement included refusing to pay rents beyond the officially recorded amounts, demanding receipts for rent payments, and rejecting the payment of additional charges such as nazrana (tribute) and forced labor (beggar).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Outcome_Eka_Movement\"><\/span>Outcome Eka Movement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Eka movement ultimately failed due to insufficient organization and leadership. Nevertheless, it succeeded in drawing the government&#8217;s attention to the severity of the agrarian crisis. In response, the government swiftly enacted the Oudh Rent (Amendment) Act of 1921, which came into effect in November 1921 and aimed to quell agrarian unrest and address some immediate concerns of the peasants. However, increased government repression led some peasants to withdraw from the movement, and few were content with the benefits provided by the Oudh Rent (Amendment) Act of 1921.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_the_meaning_of_%E2%80%9CEka%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>1. What is the meaning of &#8220;Eka&#8221;?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ans. &#8220;Eka&#8221; is a Sanskrit word that means &#8220;one&#8221; or &#8220;alone.&#8221; It is often used in various contexts to denote singularity or the absence of others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_does_%E2%80%9CEka_Ek%E2%80%9D_mean_in_English\"><\/span><strong>2. What does &#8220;Eka Ek&#8221; mean in English?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ans. &#8220;Eka Ek&#8221; is a Marathi phrase that can be roughly translated to &#8220;one by one&#8221; or &#8220;individually&#8221; in English. It signifies doing things one at a time or focusing on individual actions or elements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_When_did_the_Eka_Movement_begin\"><\/span><strong>3. When did the Eka Movement begin?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ans. The Eka Movement began in the year 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_On_what_date_did_the_Eka_Movement_start\"><\/span><strong>4. On what date did the Eka Movement start?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ans. The Eka Movement started on June 5, 2011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_What_was_the_reason_behind_the_Eka_Movement\"><\/span><strong>5. What was the reason behind the Eka Movement?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ans. The Eka Movement was a social and environmental initiative that aimed to raise awareness about various issues, including environmental conservation, sustainable living, and the importance of individual actions in bringing about positive change. It encouraged people to take small, meaningful steps toward a more sustainable and responsible way of living.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources, <a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Eka Movement, also known as the Unity Movement, was a significant peasant movement that emerged in the districts of Lucknow, Hardoi, Unnao, and Sitapur in colonial India in November 1921.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":11522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[290],"tags":[1327,186,291,232,213],"class_list":["post-11521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modern-history-general-studies","tag-eka-movement","tag-general-studies-1","tag-modern-history","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11521"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21468,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11521\/revisions\/21468"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11522"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}