{"id":11568,"date":"2023-10-04T07:42:05","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T07:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=11568"},"modified":"2024-01-12T05:16:46","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T05:16:46","slug":"methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Methods Adopted during the Civil Disobedience Movement and Government Response &#8211; Modern History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Civil Disobedience Movement, a pivotal chapter in modern history, unfolded in the early 20th century as a powerful expression of nonviolent resistance against British colonial rule in India. Initiated by Mahatma Gandhi, this movement was characterized by strategic methods aimed at challenging oppressive policies and demanding civil rights. The methods adopted during the Civil Disobedience Movement were innovative, reflecting a commitment to nonviolence and a quest for justice. On one hand, the protesters engaged in acts of civil disobedience, such as non-cooperation and the refusal to obey unjust laws. On the other hand, the government responded with a range of measures, from repression and arrests to legislative changes, as it grappled with the growing tide of dissent. Understanding the dynamic interplay between the methods employed by the protestors and the government&#8217;s responses provides valuable insights into the complexities of this historic struggle for independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e094b9baa0f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e094b9baa0f\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Salt_Satyagraha\" title=\"Salt Satyagraha:\">Salt Satyagraha:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Boycott_of_foreign_cloth_and_liquor\" title=\"Boycott of foreign cloth and liquor:\">Boycott of foreign cloth and liquor:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Chawkidari_Tax\" title=\"Chawkidari Tax:\">Chawkidari Tax:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#No_Land_Tax\" title=\"No Land Tax:\">No Land Tax:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#No_Revenue_%E2%80%93_No_Rent\" title=\"No Revenue &#8211; No Rent:\">No Revenue &#8211; No Rent:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Prabhat_Pheris\" title=\"Prabhat Pheris:\">Prabhat Pheris:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Patrikas\" title=\"Patrikas:\">Patrikas:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Vanar_and_Manjari_Sena\" title=\"Vanar and Manjari Sena:\">Vanar and Manjari Sena:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Impact_of_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\" title=\"Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement:\">Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Drawbacks_of_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\" title=\"Drawbacks of the Civil Disobedience Movement:\">Drawbacks of the Civil Disobedience Movement:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Government_Response_to_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\" title=\"Government Response to the Civil Disobedience Movement:\">Government Response to the Civil Disobedience Movement:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#1_Q_What_were_the_main_methods_adopted_by_participants_during_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\" title=\"1. Q: What were the main methods adopted by participants during the Civil Disobedience Movement?\">1. Q: What were the main methods adopted by participants during the Civil Disobedience Movement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#2_Q_How_did_the_British_government_respond_to_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\" title=\"2. Q: How did the British government respond to the Civil Disobedience Movement?\">2. Q: How did the British government respond to the Civil Disobedience Movement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#3_Q_Did_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement_achieve_its_objectives\" title=\"3. Q: Did the Civil Disobedience Movement achieve its objectives?\">3. Q: Did the Civil Disobedience Movement achieve its objectives?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.\u00a0\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/methods-adopted-during-the-civil-disobdience-movement-and-government-response-modern-history-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Salt_Satyagraha\"><\/span><strong>Salt Satyagraha:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gandhi led the Salt Satyagraha with the historic march to Dandi.<\/li><li>C. Rajagopalachari led the movement in the Madras province.<\/li><li>In Dharamsala, the planned action by Gandhi was carried out by Sarojini Naidu, Imam Sahib (Gandhi&#8217;s associate), and Manilal Gandhi (Gandhi&#8217;s son) with 2000 volunteers. Despite being subjected to police lathi charges, they responded nonviolently. Injured participants were carried on stretchers while others made way for them. The event was widely reported by US reporter Webb Miller.<\/li><li>Similar actions took place in the Wadala suburb, Balasore, Puri District (Odisha), and Midnapore (coastal Bengal). The Salt Satyagraha served as a catalyst and marked the beginning of various forms of defiance.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boycott_of_foreign_cloth_and_liquor\"><\/span><strong>Boycott of foreign cloth and liquor:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>There was a vigorous boycott of foreign cloth and liquor shops, with women playing a leading role as instructed by Gandhi.<\/li><li>Students and youth also actively participated in the boycott of foreign clothes.<\/li><li>Traders&#8217; associations, commercial bodies, and mill owners supported the boycott by refusing to use foreign yarn and refraining from manufacturing coarse cloth that competed with khadi.<\/li><li>The boycott of liquor resulted in a significant drop in government revenues from excise duties.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chawkidari_Tax\"><\/span><strong>Chawkidari Tax:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In eastern India, there was a refusal to pay the Chowkidari tax, which was levied on villages to pay guards (chowkidars) who acted as spies for the government and as retainers for local landlords.<\/li><li>The movement started in Bihar and spread to other regions.<\/li><li>The onset of the monsoon in Bengal shifted the focus to the anti-Chawkidari tax movement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"No_Land_Tax\"><\/span><strong>No Land Tax:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In Kheda district, Bardoli taluka in Surat district, and Jambusar in Broach, a determined no-tax movement was launched, specifically refusing to pay land revenue.<\/li><li>Villagers, along with their families, cattle, and belongings, crossed the border into neighboring princely states like Baroda and camped in open fields for months. Their houses were destroyed and their lands confiscated.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"No_Revenue_%E2%80%93_No_Rent\"><\/span><strong>No Revenue &#8211; No Rent:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In Uttar Pradesh (UP), the no-revenue part involved zamindars refusing to pay revenue to the government, while the no-rent part called on tenants not to pay rent to the zamindars. This became a no-rent struggle as most zamindars were loyal to the government.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prabhat_Pheris\"><\/span><strong>Prabhat Pheris:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bands of men, women, and children went around at dawn singing nationalist songs, which became a common practice in villages and towns.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Patrikas\"><\/span><strong>Patrikas:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Illegal news sheets, handwritten or printed, were circulated to defy the Press Act and disseminate information.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vanar_and_Manjari_Sena\"><\/span><strong>Vanar and Manjari Sena:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Children were organized into Vanar Senas (monkey armies), and in some cases, girls formed their separate Manjari Senas (cat armies).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\"><\/span><strong>Impact of the Civil Disobedience Movement:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The movement generated widespread distrust towards the British government and laid the foundation for the freedom struggle in India.<\/li><li>New methods of propaganda, such as Prabhat pheris (morning processions) and pamphlets, gained popularity during the movement.<\/li><li>Through defiance of forest laws and the refusal to pay the rural &#8220;Chaukidari tax,&#8221; oppressive measures like the salt tax were abolished.<\/li><li>Imports of clothing and cigarettes were significantly reduced, and government revenue from land revenue and liquor excise also saw a decline.<\/li><li>The participation of women and students in large numbers was a significant development, empowering Indian women and marking their entry into public spaces.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drawbacks_of_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\"><\/span><strong>Drawbacks of the Civil Disobedience Movement:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Muslims were less likely to participate due to advice from communal leaders and the government&#8217;s efforts to promote communalism as a response to nationalism.<\/li><li>Industrial workers, except in Nagpur, did not participate extensively in the movement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Response_to_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\"><\/span><strong>Government Response to the Civil Disobedience Movement:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Initially, the government&#8217;s attitude was ambivalent, facing a dilemma between using force and risking accusations of repression or taking little action and being accused of conceding to Congress.<\/li><li>However, as repression intensified, the government issued ordinances curbing civil liberties and implemented press censorship.<\/li><li>Provincial governments were given the power to ban civil disobedience organizations, and the Congress Working Committee was eventually declared illegal.<\/li><li>Lathi&#8217;s charges and firing on unarmed crowds resulted in numerous deaths, injuries, and the imprisonment of satyagrahis, including Gandhi and other Congress leaders.<\/li><li>Viceroy Lord Irwin proposed a round table conference and reiterated the goal of dominion status.<\/li><li>Efforts were made to explore peace possibilities between Congress and the government, including meetings between Tej Bahadur Sapru, M.R. Jayakar, Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, and Gandhi.<\/li><li>The demands put forward by Nehru and Gandhi included the right to secede from Britain, complete national government control over defense and finance, and an independent tribunal to settle Britain&#8217;s financial claims.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Q_What_were_the_main_methods_adopted_by_participants_during_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\"><\/span><strong>1. Q: What were the main methods adopted by participants during the Civil Disobedience Movement?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The Civil Disobedience Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi in India from 1930 to 1934, employed several nonviolent methods to protest against British colonial rule. Some key methods included:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Salt March (Dandi March):<\/strong> Gandhi and his followers marched to the Arabian Sea, breaking the salt law by producing salt from seawater.<\/li><li><strong>Boycott of British Goods:<\/strong> Indians were encouraged to boycott British-manufactured goods and instead promote swadeshi (indigenous) products.<\/li><li><strong>Nonviolent Resistance:<\/strong> Participants engaged in nonviolent protests, strikes, and demonstrations to defy unjust laws and policies.<\/li><li><strong>Non-Cooperation:<\/strong> Indians withdrew cooperation with the British government, resigning from government offices, schools, and boycotting official functions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Q_How_did_the_British_government_respond_to_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement\"><\/span><strong>2. Q: How did the British government respond to the Civil Disobedience Movement?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The British government responded to the Civil Disobedience Movement with a combination of repression and negotiation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Repression:<\/strong> The British authorities arrested thousands of protesters, including Mahatma Gandhi. There were instances of police brutality and the use of force to suppress demonstrations.<\/li><li><strong>Imposition of Taxes:<\/strong> The government imposed heavy taxes and penalties to discourage participation in the movement.<\/li><li><strong>Negotiations:<\/strong> Recognizing the widespread impact of the movement, the British government initiated negotiations with Indian leaders. The talks eventually led to the Gandhi-Irwin Pact in 1931, where certain concessions were made, and the movement was called off.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Q_Did_the_Civil_Disobedience_Movement_achieve_its_objectives\"><\/span><strong>3. Q: Did the Civil Disobedience Movement achieve its objectives?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: While the Civil Disobedience Movement did not immediately lead to complete independence, it had significant consequences:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>International Attention:<\/strong> The movement garnered international attention, putting pressure on the British government to address the demands of the Indian people.<\/li><li><strong>Negotiations and Reforms:<\/strong> The negotiations following the movement resulted in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact, leading to some concessions and political reforms.<\/li><li><strong>Empowerment of Masses:<\/strong> The movement empowered the masses, fostering a sense of unity and political awareness among the Indian population.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Civil Disobedience Movement, a pivotal chapter in modern history, unfolded in the early 20th century as a powerful expression of nonviolent resistance against British colonial rule in India.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":11569,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[290],"tags":[186,291,232,213],"class_list":["post-11568","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modern-history-general-studies","tag-general-studies-1","tag-modern-history","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11568"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21726,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11568\/revisions\/21726"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11569"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11568"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}