{"id":11946,"date":"2023-10-08T14:27:18","date_gmt":"2023-10-08T14:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=11946"},"modified":"2023-10-08T14:27:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T14:27:19","slug":"minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Minorities in India &#8211; Indian Society Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1320\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj.png 1320w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj-1170x369.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj-585x184.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1320px) 100vw, 1320px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e89e0c10656\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e89e0c10656\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#Basic_understanding\" title=\"Basic understanding&nbsp;\">Basic understanding&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#SC_pronouncements_on_Minorities\" title=\"SC pronouncements on Minorities&nbsp;\">SC pronouncements on Minorities&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#Issues_faced_by_Minorities\" title=\"Issues faced by Minorities&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Issues faced by Minorities&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#Certain_Initiatives\" title=\"Certain Initiatives&nbsp;\">Certain Initiatives&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#1_Who_are_considered_minorities_in_India\" title=\"1. Who are considered minorities in India?\">1. Who are considered minorities in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#2_What_rights_do_minorities_have_in_India\" title=\"2. What rights do minorities have in India?\">2. What rights do minorities have in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#3_Which_states_in_India_have_Hindu_minority_populations\" title=\"3. Which states in India have Hindu minority populations?\">3. Which states in India have Hindu minority populations?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#4_What_are_linguistic_minorities_in_India\" title=\"4. What are linguistic minorities in India?\">4. What are linguistic minorities in India?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/minorities-in-india-indian-society-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Basic_understanding\"><\/span>Basic understanding&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Constitution of India mentions the word &#8216;minority&#8217; in various articles, including Article 29, 30, 350 A, and 350 B.\u00a0<\/li><li>The Constitution recognizes minorities based on religion and language, but it does not define the term &#8216;minority.&#8217;\u00a0<\/li><li>According to Section 2(c) of the National Commission for Minorities Act 1992, &#8216;minority&#8217; refers to a community designated as such by the Central government. The Union Government has notified six religious communities &#8211; Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Zoroastrians (Parsis), and Jains &#8211; as minority communities, which constitute about 19% of the population of the country.\u00a0<\/li><li>State governments have the power to designate state minorities and establish State Minority Commissions. For example, Jains were recognized as a minority by 11 states before being nationally recognized in 2014.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SC_pronouncements_on_Minorities\"><\/span><strong>SC pronouncements on Minorities<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the Kerala Education Bill case of 1958, the Supreme Court ruled that a minority group should be numerically a minority in a &#8220;State as a whole&#8221; rather than in a particular area or region.\u00a0<\/li><li>In two other cases, Bal Patil &amp; others v UOI (1999) and TMA Pai Foundation v State of Karnataka (2002), the Supreme Court held that for state laws, the state should be the unit for determining a religious or linguistic minority.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Issues_faced_by_Minorities\"><\/span>Issues faced by Minorities&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Problem<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Communal Tensions and Riots&nbsp;<\/td><td>Minorities suffer the most during communal tensions and riots. The frequency and magnitude of these events have increased post-1960s, leading to a loss of confidence in the system and difficulty for the government to restore trust.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Identity Crisis&nbsp;<\/td><td>Differences in socio-cultural practices, history, and backgrounds lead to an identity crisis among minorities, causing problems in adjustment with the majority community.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Security Concerns&nbsp;<\/td><td>Small numbers relative to the rest of society and differences in identity create feelings of insecurity among minorities about their life, assets, and well-being. These feelings may increase when relations between majority and minority communities are strained.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lack of Representation&nbsp;<\/td><td>While the Indian Constitution guarantees equality and equal opportunities for all citizens, including religious minorities, Muslims feel neglected and underrepresented in civil service and politics.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Separatism&nbsp;<\/td><td>Demands put forward by some religious communities in some areas are not acceptable to others, leading to a gap between them and others. For example, the separatist tendency among some Muslim extremists in Kashmir and their demand for an independent Kashmir is not acceptable to others.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Education and Employment among Muslims&nbsp;<\/td><td>Muslim participation in education is relatively low, but it has improved in recent years. Muslim participation in higher education is particularly poor due to household endowments and location. Muslims are primarily engaged in self-employment, and their participation as regular workers, especially in the tertiary sector in urban areas, is lower than that of other socio-religious communities.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Certain_Initiatives\"><\/span>Certain Initiatives&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Prime Minister has launched a new 15-point program aimed at the welfare of minorities in India.\u00a0<\/li><li>USTAAD: The scheme aims to upgrade skills and training in the preservation of traditional ancestral arts and crafts of minorities.\u00a0<\/li><li>Hamari Darohar: This initiative aims to preserve the rich and diverse heritage of minority communities in India.\u00a0<\/li><li>Strengthening of State Wakf Boards: This program provides support for training and administrative costs of State Wakf Boards and aims to strengthen them.\u00a0<\/li><li>Nai Roshni: This scheme is intended to reach out to women through non-governmental organizations, providing financial support for conducting leadership development training so that women can assume leadership roles and assert their rights collectively or individually.\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Who_are_considered_minorities_in_India\"><\/span><strong>1. Who are considered minorities in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Minorities in India<\/strong> typically include groups that are numerically smaller than the majority population in a specific region. These minority groups can be categorized based on various factors such as religion, language, ethnicity, and tribal identity. Major religious minority groups in India include Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and Parsis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_What_rights_do_minorities_have_in_India\"><\/span><strong>2. What rights do minorities have in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Minorities in India<\/strong> are entitled to several rights and protections under the Indian Constitution. These include the right to religious freedom, cultural preservation, and educational opportunities. Affirmative action measures, like reservations in educational institutions and government jobs, are also in place to promote the socio-economic well-being of minority communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Which_states_in_India_have_Hindu_minority_populations\"><\/span><strong>3. Which states in India have Hindu minority populations?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While Hindus form the majority religious group in India as a whole, there are certain states and regions where Hindus are in the minority. Some of these states include Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, and Lakshadweep, where other religious groups or communities constitute a significant portion of the population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_What_are_linguistic_minorities_in_India\"><\/span><strong>4. What are linguistic minorities in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Linguistic minorities<\/strong> in India are groups of people who speak languages that are not widely spoken in a particular state or region. India is incredibly diverse linguistically, with numerous languages spoken across the country. Linguistic minority rights include the right to receive education and conduct government affairs in their native language, as well as the preservation of their linguistic and cultural heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Constitution of India mentions the word &#8216;minority&#8217; in various articles, including Article 29, 30, 350 A, and 350 B.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":11947,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[294],"tags":[295,232,213],"class_list":["post-11946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-indian-society","tag-indian-society-notes","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11946","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11946"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11946\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11948,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11946\/revisions\/11948"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11947"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11946"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11946"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11946"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}