{"id":12869,"date":"2023-10-18T10:19:56","date_gmt":"2023-10-18T10:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=12869"},"modified":"2023-10-19T14:19:22","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T14:19:22","slug":"monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Monthly Editorial Analysis &#8211; September 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-geography-optional-integrated-course-test-series-2024-august-batch-online\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1320\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/kIeqD3sVupPhMpbkeneNVhOWnGarcNuFri0nJNxE.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9539\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/kIeqD3sVupPhMpbkeneNVhOWnGarcNuFri0nJNxE.png 1320w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/kIeqD3sVupPhMpbkeneNVhOWnGarcNuFri0nJNxE-1170x369.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/kIeqD3sVupPhMpbkeneNVhOWnGarcNuFri0nJNxE-585x184.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1320px) 100vw, 1320px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As we step into the month of September 2023, the world of civil services aspirants is abuzz with anticipation. September promises to be a month of dynamic and evolving currents, laden with events and developments that hold immense significance for the aspirants preparing for the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examination. From international geopolitics to domestic policy shifts, economic transformations, and socio-cultural advancements, the canvas of current affairs in September is both broad and intricate. In this monthly current affairs update, we aim to be your compass in navigating this complex landscape, offering insightful analysis and summaries of the most pivotal events that could shape your understanding and preparation for the UPSC examination. Join us on this journey through the currents of September 2023, as we decode the key happenings that are bound to influence the path to India&#8217;s esteemed civil services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d5df3c538d1\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d5df3c538d1\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Polity\" title=\"Polity&nbsp;\">Polity&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Gap_Between_Law_and_Justice\" title=\"Gap Between Law and Justice\">Gap Between Law and Justice<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Criminal_laws_in_India\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Criminal laws in India&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Criminal laws in India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Basis_of_criminal_laws_Universal_individualism\" title=\"Basis of criminal laws: Universal individualism&nbsp;\">Basis of criminal laws: Universal individualism&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Ignored_in_criminal_laws_Social_production\" title=\"Ignored in criminal laws: Social production&nbsp;\">Ignored in criminal laws: Social production&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Need_for_reimagining_the_criminal_justice_system\" title=\"Need for reimagining the criminal justice system&nbsp;\">Need for reimagining the criminal justice system&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Way_forward\" title=\"Way forward&nbsp;\">Way forward&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Subverting_the_idea_of_India\" title=\"Subverting the idea of India&nbsp;\">Subverting the idea of India&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-2\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Simultaneous_elections\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Simultaneous elections&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Simultaneous elections&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_selling_of_a_simplistic_idea\" title=\"The selling of a simplistic idea&nbsp;\">The selling of a simplistic idea&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_truth\" title=\"The truth&nbsp;\">The truth&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#One_Health\" title=\"One Health&nbsp;\">One Health&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-2\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Climate_change_more_infections\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Climate change, more infections&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Climate change, more infections&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Surveillance_and_reporting\" title=\"Surveillance and reporting&nbsp;\">Surveillance and reporting&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#One_Health-2\" title=\"One Health&nbsp;\">One Health&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Economy_and_Agriculture\" title=\"Economy and Agriculture&nbsp;\">Economy and Agriculture&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#State_of_Working_India_SWI_2023_report\" title=\"State of Working India (SWI 2023) report&nbsp;\">State of Working India (SWI 2023) report&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-3\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-3\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_State_of_Working_India_SWI_2023_report\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: State of Working India (SWI 2023) report&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: State of Working India (SWI 2023) report&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_findings\" title=\"The findings&nbsp;\">The findings&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_2017-2021_period\" title=\"The 2017-2021 period&nbsp;\">The 2017-2021 period&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Indias_growth_strategy\" title=\"India\u2019s growth strategy&nbsp;\">India\u2019s growth strategy&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Creative_industries_can_boost_economies\" title=\"Creative industries can boost economies&nbsp;\">Creative industries can boost economies&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-4\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-4\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Creative_industry_in_India\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Creative industry in India&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Creative industry in India&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Boosting_economies_India_and_the_UK\" title=\"Boosting economies: India and the UK&nbsp;\">Boosting economies: India and the UK&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Fortified_rice_Solution_to_Hidden_Hunger\" title=\"Fortified rice: Solution to Hidden Hunger&nbsp;\">Fortified rice: Solution to Hidden Hunger&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-5\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-5\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#About_Food_Fortification_and_Hidden_Hunger\" title=\"About Food Fortification and Hidden Hunger:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">About Food Fortification and Hidden Hunger:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Malnutrition_trends_in_India\" title=\"Malnutrition trends in India:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Malnutrition trends in India:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Advantages_of_food_fortification_as_a_measure_to_address_hidden_hunger\" title=\"Advantages of food fortification as a measure to address hidden hunger:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Advantages of food fortification as a measure to address hidden hunger:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Governments_Initiatives_to_tackle_hidden_hunger\" title=\"Government\u2019s Initiatives to tackle hidden hunger:&nbsp;\">Government\u2019s Initiatives to tackle hidden hunger:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Challenges\" title=\"Challenges:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Challenges:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Propelling_Indias_development\" title=\"Propelling India\u2019s development&nbsp;\">Propelling India\u2019s development&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-6\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-6\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Aiming_for_the_moon\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Aiming for the moon&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Aiming for the moon&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Criticism_of_the_moonshot_development_strategy\" title=\"Criticism of the moonshot development strategy&nbsp;\">Criticism of the moonshot development strategy&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Inequalities_a_hurdle_for_progress\" title=\"Inequalities, a hurdle for progress&nbsp;\">Inequalities, a hurdle for progress&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Lopsided_industrial_and_economic_growth\" title=\"Lopsided industrial and economic growth:&nbsp;\">Lopsided industrial and economic growth:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Reinstate_state_support\" title=\"Reinstate state support&nbsp;\">Reinstate state support&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Ridding_India_of_food_insecurity\" title=\"Ridding India of food insecurity&nbsp;\">Ridding India of food insecurity&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_view\" title=\"Exam view:\">Exam view:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-7\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Food_insecurity\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Food insecurity&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Food insecurity&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Failed_macroeconomic_policy\" title=\"Failed macroeconomic policy&nbsp;\">Failed macroeconomic policy&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_significance_of_the_Green_Revolution\" title=\"The significance of the Green Revolution&nbsp;\">The significance of the Green Revolution&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Initiatives_to_work_on\" title=\"Initiatives to work on&nbsp;\">Initiatives to work on&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#PM-PRANAM\" title=\"PM-PRANAM&nbsp;\">PM-PRANAM&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-8\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_PM-PRANAM\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: PM-PRANAM&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: PM-PRANAM&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Regenerative_agriculture\" title=\"Regenerative agriculture&nbsp;\">Regenerative agriculture&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Plusses_and_minuses\" title=\"Plusses and minuses&nbsp;\">Plusses and minuses&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Green_path_to_G20_development_goals\" title=\"Green path to G20 development goals&nbsp;\">Green path to G20 development goals&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-7\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-9\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_The_Leaders_Declaration\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: The Leaders\u2019 Declaration&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: The Leaders\u2019 Declaration&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Green_Development_Pact\" title=\"Green Development Pact&nbsp;\">Green Development Pact&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Foundations_of_the_Pact\" title=\"Foundations of the Pact&nbsp;\">Foundations of the Pact&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_four-part_relay\" title=\"The four-part relay&nbsp;\">The four-part relay&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Make_agriculture_less_damaging\" title=\"Make agriculture less damaging&nbsp;\">Make agriculture less damaging&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-8\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-10\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Agriculture_Working_Group_AWG_of_G20\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Agriculture Working Group (AWG) of G20&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Agriculture Working Group (AWG) of G20&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Indias_role_in_Global_South\" title=\"India\u2019s role in Global South&nbsp;\">India\u2019s role in Global South&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#International_Relation\" title=\"International Relation&nbsp;\">International Relation&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#G-20_diplomacy_and_shifting_world_order\" title=\"G-20 diplomacy and shifting world order&nbsp;\">G-20 diplomacy and shifting world order&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_view-2\" title=\"Exam view:\">Exam view:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-11\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Indias_successes_in_G20\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: India\u2019s successes in G20&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: India\u2019s successes in G20&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Chinas_perception_need_for_caution\" title=\"China\u2019s perception, need for caution&nbsp;\">China\u2019s perception, need for caution&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Emerging_world_disorder\" title=\"Emerging world disorder&nbsp;\">Emerging world disorder&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#India-Middle_East-Europe_Corridor_Catalyst_to_new_world_order\" title=\"India-Middle East-Europe Corridor: Catalyst to new world order&nbsp;\">India-Middle East-Europe Corridor: Catalyst to new world order&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-9\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-12\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#About_India-Middle_East-Europe_Corridor_IMEC\" title=\"About India-Middle East-Europe Corridor (IMEC):&nbsp;\">About India-Middle East-Europe Corridor (IMEC):&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Movement_of_Goods_through_IMEC\" title=\"Movement of Goods through IMEC:&nbsp;\">Movement of Goods through IMEC:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Significance_of_IMEC\" title=\"Significance of IMEC:&nbsp;\">Significance of IMEC:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Challenges_for_IMEC\" title=\"Challenges for IMEC&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Challenges for IMEC&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#End_of_Old_Multilateralism_and_Rise_of_New_World_Order\" title=\"End of Old Multilateralism and Rise of New World Order&nbsp;\">End of Old Multilateralism and Rise of New World Order&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-10\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-13\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_Editorial_About_Multilateralism\" title=\"Decoding the Editorial: About Multilateralism:&nbsp;\">Decoding the Editorial: About Multilateralism:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Multilateralism_in_in_Post-Cold_War_world\" title=\"Multilateralism in in Post-Cold War world&nbsp;\">Multilateralism in in Post-Cold War world&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#End_of_traditional_multilateralism\" title=\"End of traditional multilateralism:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">End of traditional multilateralism:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Impact_to_Chinas_aggressive_policies_on_multilateralism\" title=\"Impact to China\u2019s aggressive policies on multilateralism:&nbsp;\">Impact to China\u2019s aggressive policies on multilateralism:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Features_of_New_Multilateralism\" title=\"Features of New Multilateralism&nbsp;\">Features of New Multilateralism&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Environment\" title=\"Environment&nbsp;\">Environment&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Striking_a_Green_Balance\" title=\"Striking a Green Balance&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Striking a Green Balance&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-11\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-14\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_The_Carbon_Trading_Network\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: The Carbon Trading Network&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: The Carbon Trading Network&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Significance_of_Carbon_Credit_System\" title=\"Significance of Carbon Credit System:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Significance of Carbon Credit System:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Initiatives_of_Indian_Government_towards_Carbon_Credit_trade\" title=\"Initiatives of Indian Government towards Carbon Credit trade:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Initiatives of Indian Government towards Carbon Credit trade:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Benefits_of_setting_up_Indian_Carbon_Market\" title=\"Benefits of setting up Indian Carbon Market:&nbsp;\">Benefits of setting up Indian Carbon Market:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_complex_path_of_biofuel_Sustainability\" title=\"The complex path of biofuel Sustainability&nbsp;\">The complex path of biofuel Sustainability&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-12\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-15\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#About_Biofuels\" title=\"About Biofuels:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">About Biofuels:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Limitations_of_Electric_Vehicles\" title=\"Limitations of Electric Vehicles:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Limitations of Electric Vehicles:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#About_Global_Biofuel_Alliance\" title=\"About Global Biofuel Alliance:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">About Global Biofuel Alliance:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Challenges_to_scaling_up_of_Biofuel_in_India\" title=\"Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India:&nbsp;\">Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Measures_for_decarbonization_of_transportation\" title=\"Measures for decarbonization of transportation:&nbsp;\">Measures for decarbonization of transportation:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Climate_Phenomenon_and_Food_Security\" title=\"Climate Phenomenon and Food Security&nbsp;\">Climate Phenomenon and Food Security&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-13\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-16\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#About_the_El_Nino_and_El_Nino_Southern_Oscillation_ENSO\" title=\"About the El Nino and El Nino Southern Oscillation [ENSO]:&nbsp;\">About the El Nino and El Nino Southern Oscillation [ENSO]:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Impact_of_El_Nino_Phase_on_Climate\" title=\"Impact of El Nino Phase on Climate:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Impact of El Nino Phase on Climate:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Impact_of_El_Nino_on_food_security\" title=\"Impact of El Ni\u00f1o on food security:&nbsp;\">Impact of El Ni\u00f1o on food security:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Impact_of_El_Nino_on_northeast_monsoon\" title=\"Impact of El Nino on northeast monsoon:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Impact of El Nino on northeast monsoon:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Response_to_Climate_Change_phenomenon\" title=\"Response to Climate Change phenomenon:&nbsp;\">Response to Climate Change phenomenon:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Women-led_climate_action\" title=\"Women-led climate action&nbsp;\">Women-led climate action&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-14\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-17\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Impact_of_climate_change_on_women\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Impact of climate change on women&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Impact of climate change on women&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Way_forward-2\" title=\"Way forward&nbsp;\">Way forward&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Cleantech\" title=\"Cleantech&nbsp;\">Cleantech&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_view-3\" title=\"Exam view:\">Exam view:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-18\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Green_economy\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Green economy&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Green economy&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-128\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Cleantech_solutions_for_the_hinterlands\" title=\"Cleantech solutions for the hinterlands&nbsp;\">Cleantech solutions for the hinterlands&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-129\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Steps_to_scale_up\" title=\"Steps to scale up&nbsp;\">Steps to scale up&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-130\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#The_complex_path_of_biofuel_Sustainability-2\" title=\"The complex path of biofuel Sustainability&nbsp;\">The complex path of biofuel Sustainability&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-131\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-15\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-132\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-19\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-133\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#About_Biofuels-2\" title=\"About Biofuels:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">About Biofuels:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-134\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Limitations_of_Electric_Vehicles-2\" title=\"Limitations of Electric Vehicles:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Limitations of Electric Vehicles:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-135\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#About_Global_Biofuel_Alliance-2\" title=\"About Global Biofuel Alliance:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">About Global Biofuel Alliance:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-136\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Challenges_to_scaling_up_of_Biofuel_in_India-2\" title=\"Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India:&nbsp;\">Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-137\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Measures_for_decarbonization_of_transportation-2\" title=\"Measures for decarbonization of transportation:&nbsp;\">Measures for decarbonization of transportation:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-138\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Science_and_Technology\" title=\"Science and Technology&nbsp;\">Science and Technology&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-139\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Indias_role_in_democratising_space\" title=\"India\u2019s role in democratising space&nbsp;\">India\u2019s role in democratising space&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-140\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Exam_View-16\" title=\"Exam View:\">Exam View:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-141\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Context-20\" title=\"Context:\">Context:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-142\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Decoding_the_editorial_Is_Outer_Space_a_%E2%80%9CGlobal_common%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Decoding the editorial: Is Outer Space a \u201cGlobal common\u201d?&nbsp;\">Decoding the editorial: Is Outer Space a \u201cGlobal common\u201d?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-143\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Space_Race\" title=\"Space Race&nbsp;\">Space Race&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-144\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Indias_role\" title=\"India\u2019s role&nbsp;\">India\u2019s role&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-145\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-146\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/monthly-editorial-analysis-september-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polity\"><\/span>Polity&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gap_Between_Law_and_Justice\"><\/span>Gap Between Law and Justice<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper-2: Judiciary; Government Policies &amp; Interventions.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Criminal laws in India; Basis of criminal laws: Universal individualism; Ignored in criminal laws: Social production; Need for reimagining the criminal justice system; Way forward.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"363\" height=\"272\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-88.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12880 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 363px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 363\/272;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian Penal Code, 1860 will be replaced by the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023, the Criminal Procedure Code, 1898 will be replaced by the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 and the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 will be replaced by the Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Criminal_laws_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Criminal laws in India<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Strengthening law and order is the intended aim of the new bills, according to the statement of objects and reasons.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Bills assume that the law can maintain \u201cpublic order\u201d by reducing crimes.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Basis_of_criminal_laws_Universal_individualism\"><\/span><strong>Basis of criminal laws: Universal individualism<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The system of criminal law in India is premised on the idea of Universal individualism.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Under this, the responsibility for crimes lies solely with individual offenders.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It universally ascribes free will and complete autonomy to all individuals over their decisions, irrespective of their social context.&nbsp;<\/li><li>But the role of criminal law in achieving this goal is often exaggerated.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>With its exclusive focus on blaming and punishing individual offenders for crimes, criminal law obscures the socially rooted nature of crimes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ignored_in_criminal_laws_Social_production\"><\/span><strong>Ignored in criminal laws: Social production<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A person\u2019s decision making process and their ability to cope with risks is greatly influenced by their environmental factors.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Environmental factors like socio-economic status, social upbringing, education, family and friendships, interact with individual psychological and biological factors<\/strong> and influence individual responses to different situations.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Understanding the dynamics of the social production of crime raises difficult questions about the obsessive and singular focus of criminal law on individual criminal responsibility.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In fact, the continued prevalence of many crimes is deeply influenced by the socio-cultural realities of our society.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>For instance, the rape culture in our society is a constant and violent reminder of this dynamic.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_for_reimagining_the_criminal_justice_system\"><\/span><strong>Need for reimagining the criminal justice system<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The main purpose of the law and order discourse is \u201cdemonstrative rather than substantive.\u201d&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Adopting the legislative reform route offers the illusion of strict action from the state without any worthwhile and long-term efforts towards addressing real problems that plague the criminal justice system.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>potential of criminal law is grossly overstated<\/strong> as it routinely blames individual for crimes.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It also <strong>hides the operations of power that characterise criminal justice administration<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Along with selective criminalisation and arbitrary application, the disproportionate impact of the force of criminal law on the poor, the vulnerable and the powerless is well-documented across the world and India is no exception to that.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Therefore, any claims about the neutrality of criminal law and its administration is suspect.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The strenuous tensions between law and justice play out in violent terms in the context of criminal law.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_forward\"><\/span><strong>Way forward<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Invoke the framework of \u201ccriminal justice\u201d rather than the significantly narrower idea of \u201ccriminal law\u201d.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The legislative reforms can play an extremely limited role in preventing crimes and strengthening law and order.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The law, by itself, can deliver very little of the reforms we need.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Fundamentally reconfigure institutions that play a role in delivering criminal justice.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>A reconfiguration that is sufficiently invested in fairness, justice, and being effective for both victims and accused persons.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Our system fails victims and survivors as much as it fails accused persons and mere legislative changes will not change that.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The institutional imagination of our police, investigation mechanisms, criminal courts, prosecution and defence services, prisons, and support services in criminal justice administration needs urgent and fundamental reconsideration if we are truly interested in an \u201coverhaul\u201d.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Apart from that widespread textual borrowing, there is no overhaul in the approach to criminal law or criminal justice that the new Bills seek to usher in. The empty rhetoric of \u201coverhaul\u201d and \u201cdecolonisation\u201d seek to convey something that these Bills come nowhere close to delivering.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/gap-between-law-and-justice-8954360\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Subverting_the_idea_of_India\"><\/span>Subverting the idea of India&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-2\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>For the first time a high-level committee headed by a former President of India, has been set up to <strong>examine the proposal of simultaneous elections. <\/strong>The government\u2019s \u2018simultaneous elections\u2019 agenda goes much further than the other ideas of \u2018oneness\u2019 it propounds; it will spell a <strong>deepening of centralisation.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Simultaneous_elections\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Simultaneous elections&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>While several committees since 1999 have examined the proposal, the push to introduce and make <strong>permanent simultaneous polls once every five years<\/strong> has come over the past decade.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This, however, is perhaps the first time that a high-level committee is headed by a former President of India, a most unusual appointment that is meant to <strong>impose a stamp of legitimacy<\/strong> on the recommendation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"292\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-89.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12941 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-89.png 602w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-89-585x284.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/292;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_selling_of_a_simplistic_idea\"><\/span><strong>The selling of a simplistic idea<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It is part of the \u201c<strong>One India\u201d<\/strong> agenda of the current government.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It will save expenditure and <strong>help avoid the disruption of administration<\/strong> during elections.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Evidence from one study conducted of voting percentages between 1971 and 2004 showed that voter turnout in the States is lower when Assembly elections are held separately from those to the Lok Sabha.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_truth\"><\/span><strong>The truth<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The burden of government expenditure on elections is not so large<\/strong>. Governance does indeed become affected when&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The party holding office in New Delhi is forever in an election mode.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The ruling party or coalition at the Centre refuses to take national decisions fearing what impact it will have in one State or the other.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The ruling party sees e<strong>very election from a municipal election<\/strong> upwards as a must-win poll.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Disrupting the basic structure<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>A higher voter participation should be increased through other means rather than with a set of measures that will <strong>turn parts of the Constitution upside down<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>A number of scholars and commentators have also pointed out that one way or the other, <strong>major constitutional changes<\/strong> will need to be made to the constitutional terms of the legislature and rules for unseating a government.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>After the first round of curtailing\/extending the tenure of elected State governments, making simultaneous <strong>polls a permanent feature will require either fixed-term governments, or the end of no-confidence motions<\/strong>, or <strong>\u201csuper-majorities\u201d<\/strong> to unseat governments, or greater powers in the hands of the President\/Governors, or a combination of such drastic changes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>alterations will in effect change the Basic Structure <\/strong>of the Constitution.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>A project to wipe out diversity<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>The entire <strong>\u201cOne Nation, One X\u201d<\/strong> agenda is part of a political project with the message that only one government, one political party and one leader can deliver and will transform India.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The \u201cOne Nation, One Election\u201d agenda goes much further than \u201cOne Nation, One Tax\u201d,<strong> \u201cOne Nation, One Ration Card\u201d<\/strong> and the like in imposing this \u201coneness\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>If implemented, it will permanently increase the administrative and political centralization of power in the hands of the Union Government and correspondingly weaken the States.&nbsp;<\/li><li>All of this will reduce the <strong>importance of State governments,<\/strong> with the idea of federalism being given a body blow.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>There will be a corresponding concentration of power in New Delhi.&nbsp;<\/li><li>There is the larger <strong>well-known ideological agenda<\/strong> of denying India its strength in heterogeneity.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>As Y.V. Reddy, the <strong>chairman of the Fourteenth Finance Commission, pointed out, elections are meant to hold governments accountable <\/strong>for their record of governance, and yet when they turn out to be frequent they are being faulted for disrupting governance. Only the electorate that now has the power to decide if they want to live with this particular idea of \u201cOne India\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/the-larger-project-of-subverting-the-idea-of-india\/article67292595.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"One_Health\"><\/span>One Health&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper-2: Health; Government Policies &amp; Interventions.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-2\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Climate change, more infections; Surveillance and reporting; One Health.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Context<\/strong>: In its latest report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) delivers a stark warning that climate change heightens the global risk of infectious diseases.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"316\" height=\"169\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-80.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12871 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 316px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 316\/169;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Climate_change_more_infections\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Climate change, more infections<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mosquito-borne disease outbreaks:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>The periodicity no longer follows expected patterns.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Dengue manifests in two to three peaks throughout the year.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Variability in temperature, precipitation, and humidity disrupt disease transmission cycles.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These also alter the distribution of the vectors and animal reservoirs that host the parasite.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Heat has been proven to interfere with the genomic structure of pathogens, changing their infectivity and virulence.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Human-animal interaction:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Habitat loss forces disease-carrying animals to encroach upon human territory, increasing the risk of human-animal interaction and the transfer of pathogens from wildlife to humans.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Viruses which do not harm animals can be fatal for humans.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Nipah virus, which has been causing outbreaks in Kerala for many years now, is a good example.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Infectious diseases:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>An analysis of 2022 published in Nature Climate Change warns that humans now face a broader spectrum of infectious agents than ever before.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Over half of all-known infectious diseases threatening humans worsen with changing climate patterns.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Diseases often find new transmission routes, including environmental sources, medical tourism, and contaminated food and water from once-reliable sources.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Invasive species:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>While ecosystems shape local climates, climate change is transforming ecosystems.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This dynamic introduces invasive species and extends the range of existing life forms.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Both these trigger upheavals in ecosystems that are complex and confound ecologists and epidemiologists to predict outbreaks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Surveillance_and_reporting\"><\/span><strong>Surveillance and reporting<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the past two decades, India has improved its reporting of outbreaks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP)&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>It was rolled out in a few States in 2007.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>From reporting 553 outbreaks in 2008, it last reported 1,714 in 2017.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>The Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP)&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>IDSP was phased out in favour of a new, web-enabled, near-real-time electronic information system called IHIP.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It was launched in seven States in 2018.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It added 20 additional disease conditions over IDSP\u2019s 13 and could present disaggregated data to its users.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Tragically, the programme, which would have enabled real-time tracking of emerging disease outbreaks, has not delivered on expectations.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The current design of surveillance is not adequate for the emerging disease scenario.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"One_Health-2\"><\/span><strong>One Health<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Meaning:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>A unified approach, termed One Health which integrates monitoring human, animal, plant, and environmental health, recognises this interconnectedness.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Objective:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>This approach is pivotal in preventing outbreaks, especially those that originate from animals.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It encompasses zoonotic diseases, neglected tropical diseases, vector-borne diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and environmental contamination.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>India\u2019s strategy for one health:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>India must launch One Health and infectious disease control programmes by building greater synergies between the Centre and States and their varied specialised agencies.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Animal husbandry, forest and wildlife, municipal corporations, and public health departments need to converge and set up robust surveillance systems.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They will need to build trust and confidence, share data, and devise logical lines of responsibility and work with a coordinating agency.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>So far, the Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister has been taking this lead but with new World Bank and other large funding in place, this will need greater coordination and management.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Globally, there is an obsession with the enigmatic \u201cdisease X,\u201d but it is the familiar annual cycles of known agents such as influenza, measles, Japanese encephalitis, dengue, diarrhoea among others that will continue to test the public health system. The re-emergence of Nipah in Kerala is a wake-up call, that mere biomedical response to diseases is inadequate. Embracing the One Health paradigm is our best defence.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/with-climate-change-tackling-new-disease-scenarios\/article67349750.ece#:~:text=Climate%20change%2C%20more%20infections&amp;text=An%20analysis%20of%202022%20published,worsen%20with%20changing%20climate%20patterns.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economy_and_Agriculture\"><\/span>Economy and Agriculture&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"State_of_Working_India_SWI_2023_report\"><\/span>State of Working India (SWI 2023) report&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper \u2013 3: Employment; Growth &amp; Development; Skill Development; Human Resource.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-3\"><\/span><strong>Exam View:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>State of Working India (SWI 2023) report; The findings; The 2017-2021 period; India\u2019s growth strategy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-3\"><\/span><strong>Context:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A new report is out called the State of Working India (SWI 2023) and it has used official employment and unemployment data to understand how economic growth impacts employment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_State_of_Working_India_SWI_2023_report\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: State of Working India (SWI 2023) report<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It has been brought out by the Centre for Sustainable Employment within the Azim Premji University (APU).&nbsp;<\/li><li>The report stands out because APU academics and researchers have used official employment and unemployment data to arrive at the results.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This is the fourth edition of SWI and it focuses on \u201ca long-run view of India\u2019s structural transformation experience and its implications for three key social identities: caste, gender, and religion\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>SWI 2023 analyses data from 1983 to 2023 and uses a whole host of official data sources including&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Periodic Labour Force Surveys (PLFS),&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>National Family Health Surveys (NFHS),&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Census 2011&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"238\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-90.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12943 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-90.png 602w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-90-585x231.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/238;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Economic Census 201<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_findings\"><\/span><strong>The findings<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The impact of economic growth on employment in the aggregate.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>A good way to measure this relationship is to look at <strong>employment elasticity of growth<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-91.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12944 lazyload\" width=\"325\" height=\"241\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 325px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 325\/241;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As can be seen in <strong>TABLE 1<\/strong>, <strong>employment elasticity has consistently fallen between 1983 and 2017<\/strong>, showing that a 1% increase in GDP leads to a less than 1% increase in employment.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The table shows that since the 1980s, non-farm output, that is GDP from sectors other than agriculture, consistently grew much faster than non-farm employment.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The impact of economic growth on different segments of the Indian economy.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>As data shows, <strong>factors such as caste, religion, age and gender tend to have a considerable impact<\/strong> on how the benefits of growth get distributed in the economy.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The need to appreciate the quality of the jobs being created.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>For instance, providing \u201ccasual labour\u201d at an MGNREGA worksite or a construction worksite or working part-time in one\u2019s family enterprise without any pay (\u201cself-employment\u201d) are very poor substitutes for holding a job that provides a regular wage.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_2017-2021_period\"><\/span><strong>The 2017-2021 period<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>employment elasticity went up sharply<\/strong> during this period. However, this simple observation can be misleading, as observed by APU.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>There has been a fall in output growth.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The non-farm employment growth rate improved during this period, but&nbsp;<\/li><li>The non-farm output growth (the denominator in this formula) also fell quite sharply.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The quality of jobs has fallen.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>When the economy does well and employers find it worthwhile to create new jobs, the kind of jobs that are created are regular wage jobs or, at least, casual labour jobs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>But instead, what has been created in this phase is self-employment.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This is the kind of work that pays no regular wage with the remuneration distinctly below other categories of jobs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Between 2017 and 2021, there was a slowdown in overall regular wage job creation but formal jobs (with a written contract and benefits) as a share of all regular wage work rose from 25% to 35%.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In 2020-21 (pandemic year) regular wage employment fell by 2.2 million.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The biggest losers in the process were the women.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>While half of the lost employment is accounted for by women, on<\/strong>ly a third of the increase in formal employment accrued to women.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>So in net terms, women lost out on formal employment in this period. Not only that, there was a shift towards self-employment due to distress.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_growth_strategy\"><\/span><strong>India\u2019s growth strategy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Different experts have different solutions for India&nbsp;<\/li><li>Doubling down on boosting labour-intensive manufacturing, even if it is for just domestic consumers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Shifting to \u201cgreen\u201d manufacturing can provide India with an opportunity to redo the industrial revolution.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"403\" height=\"421\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-92.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12945 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 403px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 403\/421;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A <strong>framework for a National Employment Policy<\/strong> was outlined in the previous (2021) SWI report.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-economics\/explainspeaking-gdp-growth-employment-india-8956297\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creative_industries_can_boost_economies\"><\/span>Creative industries can boost economies&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags<\/strong>: GS Paper \u2013 3 &#8211; Growth &amp; Development.&nbsp;<\/p><p>GS Paper \u2013 2 &#8211; Government Policies &amp; Interventions&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-4\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Creative industry in India; Boosting economies: India and the UK.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-4\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Arts and culture exchanges between I<strong>ndia and the UK contribute to economic growth<\/strong> and foster understanding between cultures.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Creative_industry_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Creative industry in India<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prime Minister (PM) in his opening address to the G20 Culture Ministers\u2019 summit in Varanasi spoke of the value artists and craft workers contribute to the economic success of creative industries.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The G20 Leaders Declaration emphasizes how <strong>culture is a key driver of the SDG<\/strong>s.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Nataraja, a statue of <strong>Hindu lord Shiva as the cosmic dancer<\/strong>, installed next to &#8216;Bharat Mandapam&#8217;, the main venue of the G20 Summit, is pictured in Delhi.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"452\" height=\"303\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-93.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12946 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-93.png 452w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-93-263x175.png 263w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 452px) 100vw, 452px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 452px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 452\/303;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Boosting_economies_India_and_the_UK\"><\/span><strong>Boosting economies: India and the UK<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Cultural exchange: <\/strong>Arts and culture make tangible the \u201cliving bridge\u201d between these countries.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>India\u2019s Symphony Orchestra is touring concert halls across the UK later this year.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The renowned Aditi Mangaldas dance company is premiering its new dance show at <strong>Sadler\u2019s Wells Theatre<\/strong> in London in October.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Aakash Odedra from Leicester, UK will be performing in Delhi as part of a new series of events led by the Kiran Nadar Museum of Art.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The recent partnerships with the UK\u2019s science museum group and the National Council for Science Museums for an exhibition on vaccines and their evolution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It shows how the <strong>mutual exchange of skills, talent, and creativity can enrich lives in India and the UK.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is a first-of-its-kind creative fellowship for skills exchange to develop young art talent in <strong>Scotland and India between Edinburgh Printmakers and Flow India, the Natural History Museum<\/strong>, and the Bihar Museum.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The \u201cEconario\u201d sculpture graces the G20 Together We Art exhibition.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Economic benefits: <\/strong>The contribution of the individual artists and those who support them to the economy should not be underestimated.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In the pre-Covid period, India\u2019s creative i<strong>ndustries contributed 2.5% to India\u2019s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)<\/strong> and the UK\u2019s creative industries contributed 6% to the UK\u2019s GDP.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The UK&#8217;s creative industries have grown <strong>1.5 times faster than other industry sectors in the past decade.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>In Bengaluru and Hyderabad, the growth in tech, arts, gaming, and Artificial Intelligence coupled with India\u2019s rapid digital transformation over the last five years has led start-ups to scale up.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This is echoed in the UK government\u2019s vision for <strong>creative industries which aims to add one million jobs in MSMEs<\/strong> and creative start-ups by 2030, an increase of 43%.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Collaborations:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The UK can learn from the sustainable prac<strong>tices of the Indian arts sector and from the cultural practices in Indian cities.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The India-UK collaboration in the creative sectors has great potential to inform cultural policy development for the future.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The British Council is enabling enduring connections between both countries catalyzing this exchange.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The UK minister of <strong>arts and heritage, had met cultural policymakers, artists, and arts sector leaders in Delh<\/strong>i before heading to the G20 Culture Ministers meeting in Varanasi in August.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The creative economy is set to get a huge boost with the culture ministry\u2019s G20 vision for One Family working together to deepen opportunities for all through the cultural industries and the UK\u2019s longstanding commitment to India.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/opinion\/creative-industries-can-boost-economies-101695402454143.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hindustan Times<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fortified_rice_Solution_to_Hidden_Hunger\"><\/span>Fortified rice: Solution to Hidden Hunger&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-3<\/strong> Food security and related issues&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-5\"><\/span><strong>Exam View:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About Food Fortification and Hidden Hunger<\/strong>; <strong>Malnutrition trends in India<\/strong>; <strong>Advantages of food fortification as a measure to address hidden hunger<\/strong>; <strong>Government\u2019s Initiatives to tackle hidden hunger<\/strong>; <strong>Challenges<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-5\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hidden hunger is a serious malnutrition condition caused by insufficient intake or absorption of micronutrients. India has embraced food fortification as a strategic approach to tackle hidden hunger.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"291\" height=\"237\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-94.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12947 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 291px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 291\/237;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Food_Fortification_and_Hidden_Hunger\"><\/span><strong>About Food Fortification and Hidden Hunger:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Food Fortification<\/strong> refers to the practice of deliberately increasing the content of one or more micronutrients (i.e., vitamins and minerals) in a food or condiment to improve the nutritional quality of the food supply and provide a public health benefit with minimal risk to health.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Examples of Food fortification are Salt iodization, Rice fortification, Wheat flour fortification, Edible oil fortification, Milk fortification etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In 1950s vegetable oil fortification and salt iodization was carried out. In the 2000s, the government introduced fortification of other staples like rice and wheat.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Hidden Hunger<\/strong> is the presence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies (particularly iron, zinc, iodine and vitamin A), which can occur without a deficit in energy intake as a result of consuming an energy-dense, but nutrient-poor diet. Over 50% of the Indian population is affected by hidden hunger. It can lead to anaemia, stunting, impaired cognitive development, blindness, and even death.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Malnutrition_trends_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Malnutrition trends in India:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Malnutrition in adults<\/strong>: According to the Tata-Cornell Institute report of 2020, approximately 194 million people in the country were still undernourished during 2016-18, representing only a slight 8% decrease from 1990-92 levels.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Inadequate nutrition<\/strong>: According to Social Progress Index (SPI) 2022, in Aspirational Districts only about 12.32% of children aged 6-23 months receive adequate nutrition. Over 690 districts have less than 30% of children receiving proper nutrition and 17 districts have over half their children suffering stunting.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Prevalence of anaemia<\/strong> among women and children is 61.20% on average, while in 67 Aspirational Districts, less than 12% of children receive an adequate diet.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Poor dietary habits<\/strong> also contribute to malnutrition and higher risks of chronic diseases, as India\u2019s average daily calorie consumption falls below the recommended 2,503 kcal per capita per day.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Inadequate protein intake<\/strong> is another concern, with only 6-8% of calories coming from protein sources.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"612\" height=\"386\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-95.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12948 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-95.png 612w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-95-585x369.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 612px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 612\/386;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Preference for processed foods<\/strong> over fruits and excessive cereal consumption compounds the issue.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_food_fortification_as_a_measure_to_address_hidden_hunger\"><\/span><strong>Advantages of food fortification as a measure to address hidden hunger<\/strong>:&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Cost-effectiveness:<\/strong> Food fortification has a high benefit-to-cost ratio. This has been a driving factor in faster adoption of fortification to tackle hidden hunger.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additional costs for fortified rice range from 1% to 10% of the retail price, i.e. Rs 0.45 per kg to the consumer.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Socio-cultural acceptability:<\/strong> Fortification does not require any changes in food habits and patterns of people. It is a socio-culturally acceptable way to deliver nutrients to people.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>No alteration of food characteristics<\/strong>: It does not alter the characteristics of the food like the taste, aroma or the texture of the food.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Quick implementation:<\/strong> It can be implemented quickly and shows results in improvement of health in a relatively short period of time.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Wider reach<\/strong>: Since the nutrients are added to widely consumed staple foods, fortification is an excellent way to improve the health of a large section of the population, all at once.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Governments_Initiatives_to_tackle_hidden_hunger\"><\/span><strong>Government\u2019s Initiatives to tackle hidden hunger:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rice fortification: <\/strong>Government is aiming to fortify rice in all social safety net schemes by 2024, with the program\u2019s cost borne by it.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>PM Poshan and Anaemia-Mukt Bharat<\/strong>: Such schemes have been launched which underscore the importance of food fortification and supplementation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Fortification standards by FSSAI<\/strong> for rice, wheat flour, edible oil, double fortified salt (DFS) and milk.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The creation of a <strong>Food Fortification Resource Centre<\/strong> and introduction of the <strong>\u2018+F\u2019 logo<\/strong> to identify fortified foods has helped food producers join the action<strong>.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Wheat fortification<\/strong>: The decision on fortification of wheat was announced in 2018 and is being implemented in 12 states under India\u2019s flagship <strong>Poshan Abhiyaan<\/strong> to improve nutrition among children, adolescents, pregnant mothers and lactating mothers.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Milk Fortification:<\/strong> Fortification of milk was started in 2017 under which the National Dairy Development Board of India (NDDB) is pushing companies to add vitamin D.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mandating use of fortified staples<\/strong> such as DFS and fortified edible oil in safety net programmes.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges\"><\/span><strong>Challenges:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Raising awareness<\/strong> about the benefits of fortification among the public and food industry&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Managing costs and ensuring the widespread availability<\/strong> of fortified rice&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Fostering better coordination among<\/strong> stakeholders, such as the government, food industry, and civil society organisations&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/opinion\/online-views\/rice-fortification-can-help-tackle-our-problem-of-hidden-hunger-11695228502682.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Live Mint<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Propelling_Indias_development\"><\/span>Propelling India\u2019s development&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper \u2013 3: Employment; Growth &amp; Development; Poverty; Education; Skill Development; Human Resource.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-6\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aiming for the moon; Criticism of the moonshot development strategy; Inequalities, a hurdle for progress; Reinstate state support.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-6\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India must redouble efforts to make <strong>economic growth more inclusive and broad-based<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Aiming_for_the_moon\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Aiming for the moon<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The momentous steps India had taken in the decades immediately after Independence may be characterised as a <strong>\u2018moonshot\u2019 approach to development<\/strong> deploying, modern industrialisation to shake off the ills of the past.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Space research:<\/strong> When India started space research in the 1960s, many thought it was being reckless as India was sinking some of its limited resources in a highly uncertain enterprise.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This year, India became the first nation to land a rover on the south pole of the moon, followed up with a mission to study the sun.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Technical institutes:<\/strong> Between 1951 and 1961, India established five Indian Institutes of Technology, which in no time grew into globally respected academic centres.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The first two Indian Institutes of Management were inaugurated in 1961.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Public Sector Industries: <\/strong>During the two decades of the 1950s and 1960s, a number of public sector units were established in diverse areas of industrial production.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It included steel, fertiliser, machine tools, electric machinery, drug production, and petrochemicals.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Private enterprises: <\/strong>The technological capabilities built through state support provided the base for the flourishing of private enterprise in many sectors.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Professionals, who were earlier trained in India\u2019s public universities, have found leadership positions globally, which has deepened India\u2019s strategic importance.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Criticism_of_the_moonshot_development_strategy\"><\/span><strong>Criticism of the moonshot development strategy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The time needed for a new technology to come to fruition is too long.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is not only that the benefits from a technology are long in coming, but they are also difficult to be kept exclusive for private profiteering.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Its heavy reliance on public investment.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is precisely because of the \u2018public good\u2019 nature of technologies that public sector support becomes crucial for developing them.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Even the Internet emerged from a research programme funded by the United States government, with military objectives, in the late 1950s.&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, this investment did not waver for lack of short-term commercial viability.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The investments being \u2018misdirected\u2019.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Being a labour surplus country, India should have stuck to its comparative advantages in labour-intensive industries, such as garments or footwear.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inequalities_a_hurdle_for_progress\"><\/span><strong>Inequalities, a hurdle for progress<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The lacklustre record for India\u2019s development strategy was not on account of the government doing too much in the area of technology building. It was because the <strong>state or the government could not intervene effectively to reduce inequalities<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Unsuccessful land reforms:<\/strong>&nbsp;Ownership of assets continues to be very low among the socially oppressed communities, including Dalits or the Scheduled Caste (SC) population.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Lack of access to education:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;The lack of assets translate into hurdles in acquiring education, given that India has consistently underinvested in basic education for the masses.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Unequal labour market:<\/strong>&nbsp;The historically determined inequalities in the social spheres get replicated in the labour market.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"232\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-96.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12949 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 276px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 276\/232;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2021-22, 38.2% of all SC workers were \u2018casual\u2019, earning their livelihoods mostly out of hard manual labour; the corresponding proportion was 11.2% for workers belonging to the (\u2018other\u2019) general category castes (Periodic Labour Force Survey data).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lopsided_industrial_and_economic_growth\"><\/span><strong>Lopsided industrial and economic growth:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Domestic demand comes largely from the upper income classes, who constitute only a small, though substantial in absolute numbers, segment of the population.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This has slowed down the growth of manufacturing of high-quality, mass-consumption goods, including food products and garments.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Entrepreneurship too has emerged from a narrow social base.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reinstate_state_support\"><\/span><strong>Reinstate state support<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>India<\/strong> <strong>must reinstate technological efforts <\/strong>to stand a chance in fast-growing economic fields, be it semiconductors or biotechnology.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India must reinstate support for its industries.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>After 1991, India abandoned planning for industrial growth assuming, mistakenly, that there is no role for industrial policy in a globalised economy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Both the United States and China are lavishing government support for their industries.\u202f&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/propelling-indias-development-the-right-way\/article67331513.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ridding_India_of_food_insecurity\"><\/span>Ridding India of food insecurity&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper-3: Food security.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_view\"><\/span><strong>Exam view<\/strong>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Food insecurity; Failed macroeconomic policy; The significance of the Green Revolution; Initiatives to work on.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-7\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ensuring that Indians have permanent access to a healthy diet is the most important task of economic policy today.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Food_insecurity\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Food insecurity<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-97.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12950 lazyload\" width=\"207\" height=\"311\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 207px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 207\/311;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>\u2018State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World\u2019 of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) <\/strong>estimates the figure for India in 2021 is devastating:&nbsp;<\/li><li>An estimated 74% of the population cannot afford a healthy diet.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Given a population of 1,400 million, this makes for approximately one billion Indians.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The trend in the price of food in Mumbai city over 2018-2023 found that while the cost of preparing a thaali at home has risen by 65%, in this period, the average wage of a manual worker rose by 38% and that of a salaried worker by 28%.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The implied reduction in purchasing power is considerable, and it would be reasonable to expect that food consumption has been impacted.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The latest <strong>National Family Health Survey <\/strong>undertaken over 2019-21 reported a rise in the prevalence of anaemia, mostly induced by nutrient deficiency, which is in line with the above findings.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This suggests that the FAO\u2019s finding, that over half of India cannot afford a healthy diet, is plausible.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"399\" height=\"151\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-82.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12874 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 399px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 399\/151;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Failed_macroeconomic_policy\"><\/span><strong>Failed macroeconomic policy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It relied on controlling inflation, which has proved to be useless in the context.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Reserve Bank of India has failed in this task, with the inflation rate mostly higher than the target for four years by now.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Its approach of contracting output when the inflation rate rises, misleadingly termed \u201cinflation targeting\u201d, does nothing to manage food inflation stemming from the supply side.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is necessary to intervene on the supply side to ensure that food is produced at a steady price by raising the yield on land.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_significance_of_the_Green_Revolution\"><\/span><strong>The significance of the Green Revolution<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The government engineered a Green Revolution in the 1960s, which orchestrated a supply-side response by providing farmers with high-yielding seeds, cheap credit, and assured prices through procurement.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Some mistakes were made<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/li><li>The rampant use of chemical fertiliser, fuelled by subsidy, which degraded the soil.&nbsp;<\/li><li>There was also the reliance on procurement prices rather than productivity increase to ensure farm incomes, which fuelled inflation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The policy was almost exclusively focused on cereals rather than pulses, the main source of protein for most Indians.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India should be focused on correcting these mistakes now and lowering the cost of producing food.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>first Green Revolution<\/strong> had a specific agenda of <strong>making India self-sufficient in food<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>A <strong>second agricultural revolution is needed now to contain the rising price of food<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Procurement prices, cash transfers, the Public Distribution System, and priority lending required of public sector banks are not sufficient.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Yield increasing interventions on the farm are needed to at least contain the cost of production, if not to actually lower it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Initiatives_to_work_on\"><\/span><strong>Initiatives to work on<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Attention is needed to extend irrigation to 100% of the net sown area.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Increased public expenditure on irrigation is not reflected in an increase in irrigated area, whether due to waste or the diversion of funds has not been established.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>An end to restrictions on leasing of land.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The ongoing fragmentation of already small land holdings lowers the capacity for productivity-enhancing capital investment, for which leasing is a solution.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>A quickening of agricultural research.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>India\u2019s network of public agricultural research institutes needs to be energised to resume the sterling role they had played in the 1960s.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The re-institution of extension.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Finally, extension has now more or less vanished from where once the gram sevak was a familiar figure in the village, playing a crucial role in the dissemination of best practices. It must be revived.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Promoting cooperative federalism.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>In the 1960s, the States that were chosen for the spread of the new technology worked closely with the central government.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This would have to be replicated with the central government taking the States along in a spirit of cooperative federalism.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>At the same time, it may be asked if the States are playing their part to enhance agricultural productivity rather than relying on food allocations to their Public Distribution System from the central pool.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to ensure that all Indians have permanent access to a healthy diet, no approach consistent with ecological security must be off the table.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/ridding-india-of-food-insecurity\/article67296175.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PM-PRANAM\"><\/span>PM-PRANAM&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-8\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Promoting PRANAM will help the government reduce subsidy bills and fiscal deficits if it picks up.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_PM-PRANAM\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: PM-PRANAM<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Union Budget 2023\u201324 launched the PM-PRANAM (PM Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth).&nbsp;<\/li><li>Its objective is to promote the balanced use of chemical and alternative fertilizers, generating awareness of regenerative agriculture (RA).&nbsp;<\/li><li>It has no separate budget. A 50 percent subsidy savings will be provided to States\/UTs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Most of it will likely be used for infrastructure creation and (green) technology innovation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The rest will be paid as incentives to farmers, panchayats, FPOs, and SHGs who can help reduce input costs and generate awareness toward RA adoption.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regenerative_agriculture\"><\/span><strong>Regenerative agriculture<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It is an outcome-based food production system that&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nurtures and restores soil health;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Protects the climate;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Restores the water resources and biodiversity; and&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Enhances farms\u2019 productivity and profitability.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"391\" height=\"285\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-84.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12876 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 391px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 391\/285;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plusses_and_minuses\"><\/span><strong>Plusses and minuses<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Minus: The subsidy burden on chemical fertilisers is high<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is at about \u20b92.25-lakh crore for FY 2022-23, which is 39 percent higher than FY 2021-22\u2019s figure (\u20b91.62-lakh crore).&nbsp;<\/li><li>The subsidy bill has increased significantly even though fertiliser consumption shows that nitrogenous fertiliser consumption, especially urea, has not declined from 2012-13 until 2021-22 (P).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Plus<\/strong>: <strong>Promoting PRANAM will help the government reduce subsidy bills <\/strong>and fiscal deficits if it picks up.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"440\" height=\"274\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-81.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12872 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 440px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 440\/274;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Minus: The low efficacy of alternative fertilisers <\/strong>to enhance crop yield could slow its adoption<strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Plus<\/strong>: A <strong>gradual phase-out of subsidies on chemical fertilisers<\/strong> can stimulate alternative or bio-fertiliser adoption.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The retention pricing scheme, which safeguards chemical fertiliser (urea) manufacturers, can be phased out to promote alternative fertiliser production.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Minus: Knee-jerk reaction of chemical fertiliser firms.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>A 12 percent return on the fertiliser (chemical) firms fixed under the retention scheme will disappear, possibly resulting in a knee-jerk reaction of chemical fertiliser firms for their survival.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Plus: Farmer fertiliser cooperatives can exploit this as an opportunity<\/strong> since they have been into biofertilizer production, although on a small scale, since 2009-10.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>PRANAM can increase its economies of scale <\/strong>and help the existing distribution network stock alternative fertilisers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, the margin on bio-fertiliser sales should be worked out to incentivise sales and distribution networks.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Minus: Awareness regarding alternative fertilisers is low<\/strong>. Demonstrating alternative fertilisers on farmer fields is critical, especially after the Sri Lankan food crisis, to showcase higher productivity, and certification of such products can help farmers or their organisations realise a remunerative price. <strong>Plus<\/strong>:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Plus<\/strong>: To this end, 10,000 <strong>Bio-Input Resource Centres will be set up <\/strong>over the next three years, creating a national-level distributed micro-fertiliser and pesticide manufacturing network.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/opinion\/can-pranam-reduce-fertiliser-subsidy-bill\/article67252948.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Green_path_to_G20_development_goals\"><\/span>Green path to G20 development goals&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper \u2013 3: Environmental Pollution &amp; Degradation; Disaster Management; Food Security.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-7\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Leaders\u2019 Declaration; Green Development Pact; Foundations of the Pact; The four-part relay.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-9\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The new GDP, Green Development Pact, can serve as a bridge between the Global South and the North.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_The_Leaders_Declaration\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: The Leaders\u2019 Declaration<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the <strong>G20 Leaders\u2019 Summit,<\/strong> the adoption of the Leaders\u2019 Declaration on the first day.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is a sign that India could bridge divisions and deliver a cooperative and collaborative outcome, rather than a combative stalemate, at a time when multilateralism seemed particularly fractured.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The 83-paragraph Declaration, with consensus among all member countries, underscores peace, prosperity, people and the planet, and bringing it all together is an important pact.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Green_Development_Pact\"><\/span><strong>Green Development Pact<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"245\" height=\"189\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-98.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12951 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 245px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 245\/189;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The G20 comprises the world\u2019s largest economies accounting for over 80% of global gross domestic product (GDP).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Through the Leaders\u2019 Declaration, however, New Delhi has given \u201cGDP\u201d a new meaning, a Green Development Pact.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This does not choose between development and environment but seeks to align people-centric growth with planetary sustainability.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Foundations_of_the_Pact\"><\/span><strong>Foundations of the Pact<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>It focuses on resource efficiency and sustainable consumption.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The G20 unanimously adopted the High Level Principles on Lifestyles for Sustainable Development.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It\u2019s a push for sustainable lifestyles to lower our resource footprints and it sends out the signal to create circular economies at scale, from metals and minerals to plastics and packaging.\u202f&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The emphasis on an inclusive energy transition.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>This is crucial for bringing the energy transition closer to people.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The pact endorses a target to triple renewable energy capacity and notes the voluntary action plan to double the rate of improvement in energy efficiency by 2030.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It announces a Global Biofuels Alliance.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It seeks transparent and resilient global markets for hydrogen.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>And it calls for diversified and responsible supply chains for critical minerals and semiconductors.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>It focuses on climate and sustainable finance.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Leaders\u2019 Declaration finally endorses the need for trillions of dollars for the billions of people living in the Global South, in particular $5.9 trillion needed by developing countries to achieve their climate targets by 2030, as well as $4 trillion needed per year for clean energy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Recognising the importance of leveraging the role of multilateral development banks, the pact calls for blended finance and risk-sharing facilities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>It links the triple planetary crises by drawing attention not only to the climate crisis but also reducing plastic pollution and preserving biodiversity.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>These include the <strong>G20 Global Land Initiative<\/strong> to reduce land degradation, the HighLevel Principles for a Sustainable and Resilient Blue\/Ocean-based Economy, and sharing of best global practices on water.\u202f&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>It focuses on building disaster-resilient infrastructure.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>India introduced a Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group into the G20.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It will be incumbent on member countries, all of whom have faced weather extremes, to ensure robust early warning systems and include people as stakeholders in and enablers of resilient infrastructure.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_four-part_relay\"><\/span><strong>The four-part relay<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>While there is a language to phase down unabated coal power, efforts to get an agreement on a phase-down of all fossil fuels could not get consensus.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>If these seeming contradictions have to be squared, the G20 Leaders\u2019 Summit must be viewed as the first leg of a four-part relay.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>India has kicked off this race with a comprehensive Leaders\u2019 Declaration, which includes the Green Development Pact.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The next leg is the UN General Assembly and the UN SDG Summit next week, when non-G20 leaders can propose their visions for doubling down on the energy transition and climate sustainability.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Next, the baton will pass to the World Bank annual meetings in Marrakech in October.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>G20 leaders have called for the reform of the MDBs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Close to $200 billion of additional lending could be possible with the proposed reforms.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The anchor of the race will be the COP28 climate meetings in Dubai in November-December.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a need for effective multilateralism and hard resources to show solidarity with the vulnerable and commit to the planet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.hindustantimes.com\/Home\/ShareArticle?OrgId=1597b5de6bd&amp;imageview=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Hindustan Times<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Make_agriculture_less_damaging\"><\/span>Make agriculture less damaging&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper-2: Government policies and interventions; Bilateral groupings and agreements.&nbsp;<\/p><p>GS Paper-3: Growth and development.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-8\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Agriculture Working Group (AWG) of G20; India\u2019s role in Global South.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-10\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>India with its G20 presidency can benefit the masses in the Global South <\/strong>for whom food and nutritional security is still a challenge, one made worse by climate change.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Agriculture_Working_Group_AWG_of_G20\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial<\/strong>: <strong>Agriculture Working Group (AWG) of G20<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"168\" height=\"302\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-99.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12952 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 168px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 168\/302;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The AWG of G20 highlighted priority areas<\/strong> <strong>in agriculture<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Encourage diversification <\/strong>in agriculture<strong>.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Promoting<strong> sustainable agriculture.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Channelling financial resources <\/strong>towards environmentally conscious and climate-resilient farming.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Climate-smart farming practices and precision technologies <\/strong>for agricultural production to withstand climate fluctuations.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Food and nutritional security<\/strong> via higher investment in agri-R&amp;D, especially bio-fortification.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Strengthening a rules-based, open, predictable, transparent, non-discriminatory, inclusive, equitable and sustainable <strong>multilateral trading system<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Strengthening local, regional, and international <strong>agri-food value chains<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>A sustainable multilateral trading system with the WTO at its core, can increase market predictability and boost business confidence.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>Deccan High-Level Principles as outlined in the \u2018Outcome Document and Chair\u2019s Summary\u2019 <\/strong>of the AWG of G20 nations at Hyderabad are:&nbsp;<\/li><li>Facilitate humanitarian assistance to countries and populations in vulnerable situations;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Enhance availability and access to nutritious food and strengthen food safety nets;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Strengthen policies and collaborative actions for climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture and food systems;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Strengthen resilience and inclusivity in agriculture and food value chains;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Promote the one health approach;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Accelerate innovation and the use of digital technology, and&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Scale-up responsible public and private investments in agriculture.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_role_in_Global_South\"><\/span><strong>India\u2019s role in Global South<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>India can develop technologies to help farmers of the Global South overcome challenges of extreme weather events<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It could be on the same lines as the application of precision technologies in space that India used in Chandrayaan-3, while spending a fraction of the cost that the US would incur for the same feat.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The ultimate goal is to enhance the efficiency and resilience of agri-value chains and promote digitisation as a catalyst for agricultural transformation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This includes the establishment of standardised agricultural data platforms as digital public goods and harnessing novel digital technologies to revolutionise the agri-food sector.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Sensor-equipped drips, drones and LEOs (Low Earth Orbits), for instance, can be used in agriculture to get \u201cmore from less\u201d, saving the planet\u2019s scarce resources.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India can disseminate its research in bio-fortification to farmers in the Global South<\/strong> <strong>to achieve nutritional security<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>ICAR scientists have already demonstrated that even basic staple crops such as wheat, rice, maize, and millet can be bio-fortified with enhanced iron, zinc, and even anti-oxidants.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>ICAR has created 87 varieties of climate-resistant and nutritious crops.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These crops were developed as a result of collaboration between national and international organisations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>India released zinc-rich rice and wheat, which can be shared with countries of the Global South.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Bio-fortification is much more cost-effective compared to supplementing rice with nutrients, say iron, in our public distribution system.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>But India spends only 0.48 percent of agri-GDP on agri-R&amp;D. This needs to be doubled, if the country has to play the role of a leader.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India could bring millets to the fore<\/strong>, even on the dining tables of G20 members.&nbsp;<\/li><li>But much more product innovation and dissemination is needed to make it a part of global cuisine, akin to say quinoa.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India needs to re-purpose its agri-policies.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Current policies of open-ended and assured procurement with Minimum Support Price (MSP) for paddy and wheat, coupled with massive subsidies on fertilisers, power, and irrigation, have caused damage to our natural resources, especially soil, water, air, and biodiversity.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Time is running out and the G20 needs to work closer, faster, and smarter with demonstrable results by 2030 to feed this world and also save the planet, by making it green and clean.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/this-g20-focus-on-how-to-make-agriculture-less-damaging-for-the-planet-8922847\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Relation\"><\/span>International Relation&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"G-20_diplomacy_and_shifting_world_order\"><\/span>G-20 diplomacy and shifting world order&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper-2: Global groupings; Important International Institutions; Groupings &amp; Agreements involving India and\/or affecting India\u2019s interests.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_view-2\"><\/span><strong>Exam view<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s successes in G20; China\u2019s perception, need for caution; Emerging world disorder.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-11\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Euphoria about the G-20 outcome under India\u2019s presidency needs to be tempered given the many dark clouds on the global horizon despite India\u2019s amazing success in producing a consensus Declaration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Indias_successes_in_G20\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: India\u2019s successes in G20<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Consensus on the Russia-Ukraine war.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"290\" height=\"474\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12953 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 290px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 290\/474;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Consensus on the Ukraine conflict became possible with the West agreeing to \u2018climb down\u2019 from its demand not to point fingers at Russia for the Ukraine conflict, and giving up on the insistence to proclaim Russia as guilty.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The difference between two Declarations is that while Bali was accusatory in tone, New Delhi sought a resolution to the conflict.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Russia and China have since hailed the New Delhi Declaration in sharp contrast to their criticism of the Bali Declaration.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The<strong> New Delhi Declaration <\/strong>has something for everyone.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The establishment of an <strong>India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor Plan.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>India, as the host, could rightfully take a large measure of credit for this result. However, India, for its own sake, has to be wary, given the <strong>fluid situation across the globe with China\u2019s perception and the return of two blocks.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chinas_perception_need_for_caution\"><\/span><strong>China\u2019s perception, need for caution<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>G20 is not a platform for resolving geo-political and security issues.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>China might have welcomed the Delhi Declaration, but there is inherent foreboding in its affirmation that the G-20 was intended to be a \u2018forum for economic cooperation\u2019.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor Plan should not become a geo-political tool.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>While welcoming the establishment of an India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor Plan, China has sent an implicit warning that it should \u2018not become a geo-political tool\u2019.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India remains an obvious target for China and is in its \u2018cross-hairs\u2019.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>While many in the West view China\u2019s situation of \u2018debt deflation and demographic decline\u2019 as an opportunity, they remain oblivious to the reality of China\u2019s known capacity to resort to various means to overcome its problems.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The West\u2019s acknowledgment of India&#8217;s growing economic strength, and India\u2019s membership of the Quad, call for abundant caution on India\u2019s part, since China is unlikely to take kindly to either.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Emerging_world_disorder\"><\/span><strong>Emerging world disorder<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The \u2018rules-based world order\u2019 has become a \u2018catch-all phrase\u2019 of merely one segment.&nbsp;<\/li><li>There is a return of two antagonistic blocs, and shrinking space for the non-aligned.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The U.S. is strengthening and expanding the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It has been encouraged by the stalemate in the Ukraine conflict and the eclipse of Russia\u2019s hope of a quick walkover in Ukraine.&nbsp;<\/li><li>A new NATO is set to become even more dependent on the U.S. for military supplies and capabilities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Outside Europe, a number of non-NATO allies are being inveigled to join a U.S.-led alliance to counter \u2018authoritarianism\u2019 (represented by Russia and China).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Russia and China, in turn, are deepening their \u2018strategic alignment\u2019.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Countries such as North Korea are cementing their relations with this bloc.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>China is exploiting its frontage in the Pacific Ocean to openly challenge U.S. naval power here.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Russia and T\u00fcrkiye have deepened their relationship based on shared interests.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Russia is once again seeking to expand its footprint in Africa, and Russia\u2019s recent agreement to supply food grains to African States at subsidised prices, or even for free, is aimed towards this end.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Fading non-alignment<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is proving increasingly difficult for countries to remain non-aligned in the truest sense of the word.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Even existing formations such as BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) are tending to find the situation untenable.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Given the multiplicity of relationships and the \u2018lattice work\u2019 of security agreements that have emerged, the space for non-alignment has dramatically shrunk.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>With the strengthening of rival camps holding divergent visions of the international order, the world confronts a dismal future.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/g-20-diplomacy-and-a-shifting-world-order\/article67345820.ece#:~:text=From%20condemnation%20of%20terrorism%20to,and%20Unified%20Payments%20Interface%2C%20the\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"India-Middle_East-Europe_Corridor_Catalyst_to_new_world_order\"><\/span>India-Middle East-Europe Corridor: Catalyst to new world order&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-2<\/strong> Global Trade and International Relations&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-9\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About IMEC<\/strong>; <strong>Movement of Goods through IMEC; Significance of IMEC<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-12\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The signing of MoU for development of <strong>India-Middle East-Europe Corridor<\/strong> during G20 has been a landmark event. It has immense potential to put India, Middle East and Europe on collective path to growth, triggering regional and global cooperation&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_India-Middle_East-Europe_Corridor_IMEC\"><\/span><strong>About India-Middle East-Europe Corridor (IMEC):<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Features<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Name<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>India-Middle East-Europe Corridor&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Type<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Multimodal trade and transit corridor&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Objective<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Promote trade and investment between India, the Middle East, and Europe&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Route<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>The corridor will connect India to Europe through the Middle East. The exact route is still being finalised, but it is expected to pass through countries such as Iran, Turkey, Greece, and Bulgaria.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Modes of transport<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>The corridor will use a mix of road, rail, and sea modes of transportation.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Status<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>The corridor is still under development. However, a number of projects have been completed or are underway, such as construction of new roads &amp; railways.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Key projects<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><td>The Chabahar Port in Iran&nbsp;The International North-South Transport Corridor (INSTC)&nbsp;The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline&nbsp;Jordan-Haifa Land Route&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"510\" height=\"279\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-101.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12954 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 510px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 510\/279;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Movement_of_Goods_through_IMEC\"><\/span><strong>Movement of Goods through IMEC:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>India to Arabian Gulf (Sea Route)<\/strong>: IMEC links major ports of western India including JNPT, Kochi, Kandla and Mundra with major shipping ports of the Gulf, including Jebel Ali, Fujairah, Ras Al-Khair, Dammam, Duqm, and Salalah.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Gulf ports to West Asian ports on the Mediterranean (Land Route)<\/strong>: From these ports, cargo will be transported by the Saudi rail network on their north-south line to the port of Haifa in Israel through Jordan.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mediterranean Ports to European Ports<\/strong> <strong>(Sea Route):<\/strong> Haifa, being a deep seaport, can handle bulk container trains and carry cargo to European ports like Piraeus, Kavala (Greece), Trieste, La Spezia (Italy), Marseille-Fos (France), Barcelona, and Valencia (Spain).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>European Ports to hinterlands of Europe (Land Route)<\/strong>: Road container trailers or container cargo trains will thereafter transport goods across Europe.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_IMEC\"><\/span><strong>Significance of IMEC<\/strong>:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Economic Benefits<\/strong>: IMEC is expected to boost trade and investment between India, the Middle East, and Europe, leading to economic growth and job creation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Reliable and Cost Effective transport solution<\/strong>: It envisions a reliable, cost-effective railway and ship-to-rail transit network to supplement maritime and road routes, enabling goods and services to move between India, the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Israel and the EU.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Reduce transportation time due to shorter routes<\/strong> as compared to Suez Channel route, making it more efficient to move goods and services between these regions.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Development of Infrastructure:<\/strong> This proposed economic corridor project would help deal with the lack of infrastructure needed for growth in lower and middle-income nations&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Promotion of Intra-regional Connectivity<\/strong>: It will promote Intra-regional connectivity and enhance trade, prosperity and connectivity.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Geopolitical Benefits<\/strong>: IMEC provides connectivity to accelerate the development and integration of Asia, the Arabian Gulf, and Europe as a new locus of global power.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>IMEC will also enhance India&#8217;s strategic position<\/strong> in the region, giving it a greater say in global affairs.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Reduction of dependence on Suez Canal<\/strong>, a major chokepoint in global trade.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Counter to Chinese Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)<\/strong>: India Middle East Europe Corridor (IMEC) is an ambitious counter to China\u2019s BRI project.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Geopolitical Stability in Middle East<\/strong>: This Corridor will help to bring countries in the Middle East together and establish that region as a hub for economic activity instead of as a \u201csource of challenge, conflict or crisis\u201d&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Environmental benefits:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"139\" height=\"275\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-102.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12955 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 139px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 139\/275;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Hydrogen Fuel pipelines<\/strong>: IMEC, envisages the laying of cables for electricity and a pipeline for transporting clean hydrogen. The greening of this project will contribute to the global effort to lower greenhouse gas emissions.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Reduced fuel usage <\/strong>due to decreased travel time because of shorter routes and consequently lesser pollution.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_for_IMEC\"><\/span><strong>Challenges for IMEC&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Non-binding MoU<\/strong>: The MoU of IMEC does not create any rights or obligations under international law, and is only a political commitment.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Implementation challenges<\/strong>: Early implementation and construction of the corridor is a challenge due to the need to develop and commit to an action plan with relevant timetables.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Financial Sourcing<\/strong>: The corridor would require massive finance for its construction, which is a challenge considering the recession and difficulty in mobilization of private sector finance.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Chinese resistance<\/strong>: The corridor faces the challenge of Chinese pushback as China has already invested heavily in the BRI project and is making considerable investments in the Middle East.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.indianexpress.com\/3764158\/Delhi\/September-19-2023#page\/13\/2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"End_of_Old_Multilateralism_and_Rise_of_New_World_Order\"><\/span>End of Old Multilateralism and Rise of New World Order&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-2<\/strong> International relation- Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and\/or affecting India\u2019s interests.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-10\"><\/span><strong>Exam View: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Multilateralism; Multilateralism in in Post-Cold War world; End of traditional multilateralism; Impact to China\u2019s aggressive policies on multilateralism; Features of New Multilateralism<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-13\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Post Cold-War multilateralism, characterised by global cooperation and coordination on issues such as trade, security, human rights, and environmental protection, has reached its lowest point. This is being witnessed in the declining cooperation in East Asia Summit in Jakarta and G20 summit in Delhi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"205\" height=\"642\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-103.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12956 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 205px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 205\/642;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_Editorial_About_Multilateralism\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the Editorial: About Multilateralism:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Multilateralism<\/strong> can be defined as a philosophy of increased regional and global cooperation and coordination in the period after the end of the Cold War in 1991.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This was facilitated by the <strong>absence of major conflicts<\/strong> between the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union, and their respective allies.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Multilateralism_in_in_Post-Cold_War_world\"><\/span><strong>Multilateralism in in Post-Cold War world<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>End of Cold War<\/strong>: It facilitated in creating favourable conditions for an intensive phase of multilateralism.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Evolution of European Union<\/strong>: Europe moved towards rapid regional economic integration and expansion under the banner of the European Union.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Association of Southeast Asian Nations<\/strong> in Asia, provided the framework for intensifying regional economic and political cooperation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>End of Power Rivalry between Europe and Asia<\/strong>: Increased regional cooperation and growth in multilateralism in Europe and Asia was facilitated by the end of the great power rivalry in both continents.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Engagement of Russia with Western countries:<\/strong> Russia was drawn into the Group of Seven leading Western countries, making it the G8 and also engaged in consultations with NATO.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>China-USA partnership<\/strong>: China became a close partner for the US on economic and political fronts. Integration of China into the WTO in 2001 gave a huge boost to Beijing\u2019s economy.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"End_of_traditional_multilateralism\"><\/span><strong>End of traditional multilateralism:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Russia\u2019s annexation:<\/strong> Russian occupation and annexation of Ukraine\u2019s Crimean Peninsula in 2014 marked the first major crisis of the post-Cold War security order in central Europe.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The current Russia- Ukraine conflict has further been a huge blow to the multilateral philosophies.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>China\u2019s aggressive border policy<\/strong>: Over the last decade, China\u2019s growing unilateral efforts to alter the borders with neighbours has created suspicion and reduction in trust for multilateral policies to continue.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Economic Leverage:<\/strong>\u202fChina has tried to use the world\u2019s dependence on its economy for political and strategic gains, causing distrust.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Shift in Chinese policies<\/strong>: Xi Jinping\u2019s reversal of policies from the 1980s, which aimed for a peaceful periphery and shared prosperity, has negatively impacted regional and global institutions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"361\" height=\"242\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-104.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12957 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-104.png 361w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-104-263x175.png 263w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 361px) 100vw, 361px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 361px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 361\/242;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_to_Chinas_aggressive_policies_on_multilateralism\"><\/span><strong>Impact to China\u2019s aggressive policies on multilateralism:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rise of new security institutions<\/strong> like the Quad, the AUKUS that brings together Australia, Britain, and the US, and the trilateral compact in Northeast Asia between the US, Japan and South Korea.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Decline in centrality of ASEAN<\/strong>: ASEAN-led regional institutions struggle to cope with China\u2019s aggressive territorial expansionism. Furthermore rise of security institutions raises questions about continuing centrality of the ASEAN in shaping the regional order in Asia&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Economic Diversification:<\/strong>\u202fNations like Japan and the US are trying to reduce their economic dependence on China by diversifying trade partnerships.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Increased engagement of India with USA<\/strong>: It became clear that it was in the interest of India to have a \u201cunipolar world\u201d led by the US, rather than a \u201cunipolar Asia\u201d dominated by Beijing.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Features_of_New_Multilateralism\"><\/span><strong>Features of New Multilateralism<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Regional stability through Quad Collaboration<\/strong>: At the Jakarta meeting, India emphasised that Quad is not in competition with ASEAN but will complement its efforts to promote regional stability through more bilateral and minilateral security cooperation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Re-globalization<\/strong>: India is focusing on a diversified and democratic globalisation characterised by multiple centres of production and not just of consumption.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Push for collective solutions despite crisis in multilateralism<\/strong>: India\u2019s G-20 efforts to pursue a range of consequential issues, like modernising the global tax regime and reforming the multilateral development banks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Voice of Global South<\/strong>: India prioritises the concerns of the Global South in the G-20 agenda, aiming to enhance cooperation between developed and developing nations, rather than reviving old confrontational politics.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/east-asia-summit-absence-of-russian-president-vladimir-putin-chinese-president-xi-jinping-asian-neighbours-8926273\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environment\"><\/span>Environment&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Striking_a_Green_Balance\"><\/span>Striking a Green Balance&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS Paper-3 Environment&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-11\"><\/span><strong>Exam View: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>About the Carbon Trading Network; Significance of Carbon Credit System; Initiatives of Indian Government towards Carbon Credit trade; Benefits of setting up Indian Carbon Market&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-14\"><\/span><strong>Context:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As India develops its economy to meet the growing needs of its people, the country faces a challenge of balancing its climate goals and developmental goals. There is need to curb carbon emissions and adopt practices to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon trade.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"191\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-105.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12958 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 348px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 348\/191;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_The_Carbon_Trading_Network\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: The Carbon Trading Network<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Carbon trading network<\/strong> is a market-based approach to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It allows companies that have low or no emissions to sell credits to companies that have high emissions. This offsets the emissions of the polluting company and helps to reduce overall GHG emissions.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Carbon credits<\/strong> are permits that represent one ton of carbon dioxide or the equivalent amount of another greenhouse gas. They are created to offset the emissions of companies or individuals.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This mechanism allows a company with low or no emissions to sell credits in the market via a carbon trading framework or carbon exchange.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"362\" height=\"252\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-106.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12959 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 362px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 362\/252;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_Carbon_Credit_System\"><\/span><strong>Significance of Carbon Credit System:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Carbon credits can assist companies in <strong>meeting sustainability targets<\/strong>. These outfits can purchase credits or fund programmes that create carbon credits.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mobilisation of resources<\/strong> through transferring of capital from carbon emitters to those who invest in reducing carbon footprints.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Limited decarbonization avenues<\/strong> for some industries such as cement, chemicals, iron and steel production and non-ferrous metals which have limited scope for decarbonization. Carbon credits can help these companies to meet the requirements in the initial stages of transformation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Initiatives_of_Indian_Government_towards_Carbon_Credit_trade\"><\/span><strong>Initiatives of Indian Government towards Carbon Credit trade:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Centre is planning to set up the <strong>Indian Carbon Market (ICM)<\/strong> by establishing a national framework that will help in decarbonising the domestic economy by pricing GHG emissions via trading in carbon credit certificates.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Carbon credits can assist companies in meeting sustainability targets where outfits can purchase credits or fund programmes that create carbon credits.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The draft framework for the <strong>Indian Carbon Credit Scheme 2023<\/strong> was recently notified by the Union government. The Bureau of Energy Efficiency functioning under the Ministry of Power has been tasked to develop the Carbon Trading Scheme in tandem with MoEFCC.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_setting_up_Indian_Carbon_Market\"><\/span><strong>Benefits of setting up Indian Carbon Market:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Investment Mobilisation<\/strong>: ICM will help mobilise investments for the transition to a low-carbon ecosystem. It will also help India lower the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45% by 2030 compared to the 2005 levels.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Fillip to Energy Transition<\/strong>: India does have an energy savings-linked market mechanism. However, carbon credit trading will give a fillip to energy transition due to its greater scope for covering the country\u2019s potential energy segments.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Sectoral emission targets and benchmarking<\/strong>: ICM would help in setting GHG emissions intensity targets and establish sectoral benchmarks in sync with the domestic emissions trajectory, according to the climate goals.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Flexibility to specific sectors:<\/strong> Although the ICM would be regulated, it will offer flexibility to companies in hard-to-abate segments to augment their GHG emission efforts through carbon market credits.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Incentivise technological upgrade:<\/strong> The mechanism could help attract finance and technology for sustainable projects that can generate carbon credits. The ICM can be an effective channel in mobilising a major proportion of funds required for the low-carbon transition.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Nudge Effect:<\/strong> The Centre\u2019s decision will also create more awareness, change and innovation across hard-to-abate industries. Placing a price tag on carbon footprints would have a direct impact on industries.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Aligning with national and international requirements<\/strong>: Carbon-related tariffs such as CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) will start influencing trade directly, businesses would need to factor in both national and international implications. ICM can facilitate such integrations.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/expanding-the-indian-economy-the-green-way-8940469\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_complex_path_of_biofuel_Sustainability\"><\/span>The complex path of biofuel Sustainability&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-3<\/strong> Environmental Pollution &amp; Degradation&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-12\"><\/span><strong>Exam View:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About Biofuels;<\/strong> <strong>About Global Biofuel Alliance<\/strong>;<strong> Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India; Measures for decarbonization of transportation.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-15\"><\/span><strong>Context:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While electric vehicles are being rapidly adopted, use of biofuels is also being promoted for addressing environmental concerns. The Global Biofuels Alliance formed at the G-20 Summit is expected to strengthen the development of sustainable biofuels, in addition to promoting ethanol uptake.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Biofuels\"><\/span><strong>About Biofuels:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Biofuels are the fuel derived from the <strong>biomass of plants or animal wastes<\/strong>. It is commonly produced from <strong>corn, sugarcane and animal waste like cow dung<\/strong>. These come under renewable energy as its sources are renewable unlike fossil fuels.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These <strong>can be used to replace or can be used in addition<\/strong> to diesel, petrol or other fossil fuels for transport, stationary, portable and other applications.&nbsp;<\/li><li>There are different generations of biofuels based on the source of their production.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"546\" height=\"272\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-107.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12960 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 546px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 546\/272;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations_of_Electric_Vehicles\"><\/span><strong>Limitations of Electric Vehicles:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Certain limitations of EV require complementary biofuel strategy for decarbonization of transportation:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Capital Intensive transition<\/strong>: for a transition to EVs, existing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and the supporting infrastructure need to be replaced entirely, which is capital intensive.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mining of minerals<\/strong>: the required batteries and critical minerals used in them need to be imported, adding to environmental concerns on how these minerals are mined, among other issues.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Biofuels, on the other hand, can be used in existing ICE engines and infrastructure with little to no modifications (depending on the blending rates) and offer import independence.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Global_Biofuel_Alliance\"><\/span><strong>About Global Biofuel Alliance:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Global Biofuel Alliance is being established by <strong>India, Brazil and US<\/strong> which together account for <strong>85% of global Ethanol Production<\/strong>. It will be an international platform for sharing best practices, promoting sustainable biofuel development and enhancing its application.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It aims to impact <strong>global energy architecture<\/strong> and achieve the target of net-zero emissions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Objectives of Global Biofuel Alliance are:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Promotion of <strong>International collaboration and cooperation<\/strong> to encourage the acceptance and utilisation of biofuels.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Development of <strong>robust markets for biofuels and facilitating global trade<\/strong> in biofuels.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Intensification of the use of<\/strong> <strong>sustainable biofuels<\/strong> in the transportation sector.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Development of concrete <strong>policy lesson-sharing<\/strong> and <strong>provision of technical support<\/strong> for national biofuels programs worldwide.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_to_scaling_up_of_Biofuel_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Use of 1<\/strong><strong><sup>st<\/sup><\/strong><strong> Generation biofuel<\/strong>: 1<sup>st<\/sup> generation biofuel sourced from food crops, are primarily used in India. The policy target of achieving 20% ethanol blending (E20) by 2025-26 is also expected to be met by 1G ethanol putting stress on agricultural produce.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Groundwater depletion<\/strong> could triple during 2040-81. This could be partly attributed to increase in crop water requirements. Thus producing fuel from food crops would become unsustainable.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Stagnation of crop yield<\/strong>: India\u2019s crop yields have already stagnated, and global warming is expected to reduce yields. So, the strategy to meet blending targets cannot depend on surplus crop production.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>GHG emissions from agriculture sector<\/strong>: Agriculture sector has high direct GHG emissions. Thus depending on a sector with high GHG emissions to decrease emissions from the transport sector is a not beneficial balancing loop.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Measures_for_decarbonization_of_transportation\"><\/span><strong>Measures for decarbonization of transportation<\/strong>:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Use of Biomass:<\/strong> Biomass should be prioritised for sectors where there are limited low-carbon alternatives. Long-haul aviation and road freight segments, wherein complete electrification might take longer to achieve, could use biomass as an alternative energy source.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Increasing production of 2G biofuels<\/strong>: For net zero by 2050, biofuel production needs to be tripled by 2030. 2G ethanol could be counted as a sustainable fuel, especially if the production is decentralised, i.e., crop residues do not have to be transported large distances to a central manufacturing plant&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Global Biofuels Alliance<\/strong> could help drive innovation and technology development in establishing an efficient biomass supply chain and smaller-scale decentralised biofuel production units.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/The complex path to biofuel sustainability - The Hindu.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Climate_Phenomenon_and_Food_Security\"><\/span>Climate Phenomenon and Food Security&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-3 <\/strong>Climate Change and Conservation&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-13\"><\/span><strong>Exam View: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>El Nino and El Nino Southern Oscillation; El Nino Phase and Climate Change; El Ni\u00f1o and food security; Response to Climate Change phenomenon<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-16\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There has been a series of disruptive weather and climate phenomena in India this year, demonstrating the complexity of our precipitation system. Western disturbance, which usually brings rain and moisture to the western Himalayas parts of northern India during winters, has remained active late into the summer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_El_Nino_and_El_Nino_Southern_Oscillation_ENSO\"><\/span><strong>About the El Nino and El Nino Southern Oscillation [ENSO]:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>El Ni\u00f1o<\/strong> is a climate pattern that describes the <strong>unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In a normal year, a <strong>surface low pressure<\/strong> develops in the region of <strong>northern Australia and Indonesia<\/strong> and a <strong>high-pressure system over the coast of Peru<\/strong>. As a result, trade winds over the Pacific Ocean move strongly from east to west.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The easterly flow of the trade winds carries <strong>warm surface waters westward<\/strong>, bringing convective storms to Indonesia and coastal Australia. Along the coast of Peru, <strong>cold bottom cold nutrient-rich water<\/strong> wells up to the surface to replace the warm water that is pulled to the west.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In an El Ni\u00f1o year, <strong>air pressure drops over large areas<\/strong> of the central Pacific and along the coast of South America.&nbsp;<\/li><li>There is a weak high in the western Pacific. This change in pressure pattern causes the trade winds to be reduced intensity and sometimes it might even get reversed.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This reduction allows the <strong>equatorial counter-current to accumulate warm ocean water along the coastlines of Peru and Ecuador<\/strong>. This prevents <strong>upwelling of cold deep ocean water<\/strong> along the coast of Peru and brings <strong>drought to Indonesia and Australia<\/strong> along with rains in South America&nbsp;<\/li><li>The formation of an El Ni\u00f1o is linked with the Pacific Ocean circulation pattern known as the southern oscillation. El Nino and Southern Oscillation coincide most of the time hence their combination is called <strong>ENSO \u2013 El Nino Southern Oscillation.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"314\" height=\"185\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-83.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12875 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 314px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 314\/185;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"328\" height=\"179\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-85.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12877 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 328px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 328\/179;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_El_Nino_Phase_on_Climate\"><\/span><strong>Impact of El Nino Phase on Climate:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Droughts and water scarcity <\/strong>in South East Asia and Australia. It leads to water scarcity in many parts of India and adversely affects agriculture, causing a decrease in crop yields.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Forest fires<\/strong>: During El Ni\u00f1o years, drier conditions may increase the likelihood of forest fires, especially in regions prone to such disasters.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Climate extremes<\/strong>: El Ni\u00f1o can contribute to other climate extremes in India, such as heatwaves and intense cyclones.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Climate induced disasters<\/strong>: Landslides and flooding in the western Himalaya and northern India leads to destruction of infrastructure and loss of life.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Inter annual Variability in rainfall<\/strong>: 65% of the inter-annual variability of the southwest monsoon, over many decades, can be attributed to the combined effects of ENSO and the IOD.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_El_Nino_on_food_security\"><\/span><strong>Impact of El Ni\u00f1o on food security:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Affects agricultural processes<\/strong>: El Nino and associated phenomenon affects rain fed agriculture by delaying the start of rains, affecting sowing, hot temperatures negatively influence plant growth and soil moisture.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Unirrigated lands<\/strong>: More than 50% of agricultural land is unirrigated. Thus any delays in monsoon affects crop growth severely.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Erratic Monsoons<\/strong>: Breaks in monsoon, delays in its advent and disproportionate rainfall in different regions affects growth of crops and hampers food security.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Dependence on green water irrigated regions<\/strong>: Even in irrigated areas, many dominant crops require green water (Green water is rain-fed soil moisture tapped by food and cash crops, eventually transpiring into the atmosphere) to different extents. For example, in kharif season, rice paddy under irrigation uses green water to the tune of 35%.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Growth of Rabi crops<\/strong>: Contributions of green water from northeast monsoon in southeast India and Western disturbance in north plays significant roles in determining the fate of Rabi crops.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_El_Nino_on_northeast_monsoon\"><\/span><strong>Impact of El Nino on northeast monsoon<\/strong>:&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Central India\u2019s highlands, encompassing <strong>36 districts in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Maharashtra<\/strong>, which are emerging as climate change hotspots critical for our water, food and ecological security.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>NE Monsoon feeds headwaters for five of India\u2019s 10 major river basins<\/strong> thus playing an important role in India\u2019s water security.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Response_to_Climate_Change_phenomenon\"><\/span><strong>Response to Climate Change phenomenon<\/strong>:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Reducing dependence on water-intensive crops<\/strong>: With introduction of millets agriculture is shifting to less water-intensive crops which may reduce vulnerability of our food systems to phenomena like El Ni\u00f1o.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Adaptations and alternative crop strategies<\/strong> like shifting to millets and alternative varieties of dominant cereals and advisories to farmers to switch to crops with shorter growing cycles.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Alternative short-term and long-term management of our dams and reservoirs<\/strong> is required to reduce the risk of dam-based flood disasters and ecological damage to aquatic ecosystems.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/51645\/OPS\/G0BBOB7EK.1.png?cropFromPage=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Women-led_climate_action\"><\/span>Women-led climate action&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper-2: Issues related to women. GS Paper-3: Growth &amp; Development.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-14\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Impact of climate change on women; Way forward.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-17\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Women in the emerging countries are more vulnerable to climate change<\/strong> because of their dependence on natural resources and labour-intensive work.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"513\" height=\"361\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-86.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12878 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 513px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 513\/361;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Impact_of_climate_change_on_women\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Impact of climate change on women<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Women across the world face severe risks<\/strong> to their health, safety, and quality of life.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women are more likely to live in poverty than men<\/strong>.&nbsp;It is just one of several social, economic, and cultural variables that makes them more susceptible to the effects of climate change.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>According to estimates, 130 million people could be pushed into poverty by 2050 due to climate change risks, natural disasters, and food inflation, impacting women\u2019s inequality.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women in developing and less developed countries are more vulnerable.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is because of their dependence on natural resources and labour-intensive work for their livelihood.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>According to the ILO, over <strong>60% of working women in southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are still in agriculture<\/strong>, where they are often underpaid and overworked.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women in low-income countries engaged in climate-vulnerable occupations such as farming face further issues<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Women own only about 10% of the land used for farming.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Women engaged in agriculture do not have access to quality inputs and possess low education and technical knowledge.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Heat stress affects workers a lot in this sector, especially in South Asia and Africa.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Changing precipitation patterns and more frequent extreme weather events are just the beginning of the problems.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Their effects on crop production and food security fall disproportionately on these people, who already face significant challenges in obtaining resources, expertise, and technology.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women from low-income households are more at risk.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is because they are more responsible for food, water, and other homely unpaid work.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women in rural areas are impacted disproportionately by climate change.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Due to the climate crisis, more time and effort are needed to obtain basic necessities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Rural women often shoulder the burden of ensuring access to clean water, adequate cooking fuel, and nutritious food for their families.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Women may be at increased risk for health and safety because they must travel long distances every day to collect water and fuel.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women are more likely to be displaced by climate-related disasters.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>According to a UN study, most (80%) of those displaced by climate-related disasters are women and girls.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women, especially those from vulnerable communities, face particular difficulties during and after natural disasters<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>When women are uprooted, they are more susceptible to prejudice and exploitation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>For instance, after the earthquake in Nepal in 2015, the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) found women were more exposed to trafficking and exploitation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Separation from social networks, a higher risk of gender-based violence, and decreased access to employment, education, and essential health services, such as sexual and reproductive health care and psychosocial support, are just some gender-specific issues women face.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_forward-2\"><\/span><strong>Way forward<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Invest in women\u2019s education, training<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Investments in women\u2019s education, training, and access to resources are essential if we are to be resilient to the impact of climate change.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The negative impacts of climate change on people\u2019s living standards can be reduced by teaching them how to practise sustainable agriculture, water management, and energy generation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>For example, in India, the <strong>Self-Employed Women\u2019s Association (SEWA) teaches women farmers<\/strong> how to respond to shifting climate patterns to support themselves better financially.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Therefore, it is essential to support groups that educate the public, train people to adapt to climate change and invest in women\u2019s education and training in environmentally-friendly farming methods.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women\u2019s participation in climate policy decision-making at all levels<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>As women face greater risks in climate change, gender parity in decision-making bodies is essential.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>One such programme in South Asia is the <strong>Gender and Climate Change Development Programme<\/strong>, which aims to increase women\u2019s influence in policy making by providing them with a stronger voice.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Gender equality and environmental goals are mutually reinforcing and create a virtuous circle that will help accelerate the achievement of the SDGs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/emerging-countries-need-women-led-climate-action\/article67270844.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cleantech\"><\/span>Cleantech&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags<\/strong>: GS Paper \u2013 3: Solar Energy; Renewable Energy.&nbsp;<\/p><p>GS Paper \u2013 2: Government Policies &amp; Interventions.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_view-3\"><\/span><strong>Exam view<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Green economy; Cleantech solutions for the hinterlands; Steps to scale up.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-18\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cleantech can deliver on development and climate action <\/strong>in the country\u2019s rural areas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Green_economy\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Green economy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The green economy paradigm provides an optimistic pathway to align development and environmental outcomes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Building a solar park or an electric vehicle charging station helps expand the much-needed infrastructure in a developing economy while furthering climate action.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Reviving millets helps improve farm incomes in rain-fed areas while making our agriculture climate resilient.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>But the critical issue is taking this green economy paradigm to the heart of our development needs in the form of youth looking for jobs, women seeking income opportunities, or farmers waiting to diversify their incomes.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cleantech_solutions_for_the_hinterlands\"><\/span><strong>Cleantech solutions for the hinterlands<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"240\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-108.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12962 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-108.png 360w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-108-263x175.png 263w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 360px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 360\/240;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>India\u2019s rural economy that comprises 120 million farmers and 34 million micro-enterprises <\/strong>often struggles with unreliable electricity access and a dependence on expensive and imported diesel.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Cleantech solutions that are powered by renewable energy can help India reduce its diesel imports, avoid the loss of perishable food and enhance rural livelihood opportunities while posing an investment opportunity worth $50 billion for investors and financiers.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Examples from recent years<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Solar dryers converting throwaway tomatoes into sun-dried ones in Andhra Pradesh,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Biomass-powered cold storages helping farmers in Maharashtra selling lemons make a gain that is three to five times that of the original price, or&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Solar silk reeling machines reducing drudgery for thigh-reelers and doubling their income in Odisha.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Research at the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) <\/strong>shows that just 12 such cleantech solutions have the potential to impact at least 37 million livelihoods or about 16% of our rural population.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>But this silent revolution now needs a structural boost. There needs to be a three-fold approach to traverse this journey from 50,000-plus to tens of millions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"429\" height=\"322\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-87.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12879 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 429px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 429\/322;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Steps_to_scale_up\"><\/span><strong>Steps to scale up<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Leverage existing government programmes supporting livelihoods.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>For instance, the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana can be used to enable the adoption of cleantech solutions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Pradhan Mantri Formalisation of Micro food processing Enterprises (PM-FME) scheme can be used to unlock support for solutions such as a solar dryer, an energy-efficient multipurpose food processor or a solar grain mill.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana can be leveraged towards adopting solar refrigerators and dryers for fishing communities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Agriculture Infrastructure Fund, which has only seen a 15% fund utilisation against a target of \u20b91,00,000 crore, can support the adoption of biomass-powered cold storage and beyond.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Enable large-scale financing of cleantech solutions.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It requires supporting bankers\u2019 capacity on credit assessment for cleantech because they have not come across such solutions and the associated cash flows before to make an informed assessment.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Their risks need to be hedged in the initial stages of the market through partial guarantees.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Adopting some of these principles helped \u2018Powering Livelihoods\u2019, a CEEW-Villgro initiative, unlock 300-plus loans for cleantech solutions to women, self help groups, farmer producer organisations and individual micro-entrepreneurs in rural areas.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Enable multi-actor partnerships.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The challenges faced include&nbsp;&nbsp;low product awareness,&nbsp;high customer acquisition cost as users need to touch and feel these products before adoption,&nbsp;low density of customers for such products in a given area, and&nbsp;limited after-sales service and market linkage of the final processed products.&nbsp;<\/li><li>A holistic ecosystem where&nbsp;distributors work with manufacturers to enable technology access at the last mile,&nbsp;service providers ensure after-sales services, and&nbsp;market-linkage players enable the connection to the market to create a thriving ecosystem for cleantech to impact rural livelihoods at scale.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>For instance, there are solar dyer companies that are not only deploying dryers but are also enabling financing for users to adopt the dryers and buying back the final produce from them to ensure market linkages.\u202f&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By focusing on cleantech for livelihoods and jobs, especially in rural areas, we can make that green future inclusive.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/cleantech-for-an-inclusive-green-future-in-india\/article67235921.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_complex_path_of_biofuel_Sustainability-2\"><\/span>The complex path of biofuel Sustainability&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-3<\/strong> Environmental Pollution &amp; Degradation&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-15\"><\/span><strong>Exam View:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>About Biofuels;<\/strong> <strong>About Global Biofuel Alliance<\/strong>;<strong> Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India; Measures for decarbonization of transportation.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-19\"><\/span><strong>Context:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While electric vehicles are being rapidly adopted, use of biofuels is also being promoted for addressing environmental concerns. The Global Biofuels Alliance formed at the G-20 Summit is expected to strengthen the development of sustainable biofuels, in addition to promoting ethanol uptake.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Biofuels-2\"><\/span><strong>About Biofuels:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Biofuels are the fuel derived from the <strong>biomass of plants or animal wastes<\/strong>. It is commonly produced from <strong>corn, sugarcane and animal waste like cow dung<\/strong>. These come under renewable energy as its sources are renewable unlike fossil fuels.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These <strong>can be used to replace or can be used in addition<\/strong> to diesel, petrol or other fossil fuels for transport, stationary, portable and other applications.&nbsp;<\/li><li>There are different generations of biofuels based on the source of their production.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"546\" height=\"272\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-109.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12963 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 546px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 546\/272;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Limitations_of_Electric_Vehicles-2\"><\/span><strong>Limitations of Electric Vehicles:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Certain limitations of EV require complementary biofuel strategy for decarbonization of transportation:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Capital Intensive transition<\/strong>: for a transition to EVs, existing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles and the supporting infrastructure need to be replaced entirely, which is capital intensive.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mining of minerals<\/strong>: the required batteries and critical minerals used in them need to be imported, adding to environmental concerns on how these minerals are mined, among other issues.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Biofuels, on the other hand, can be used in existing ICE engines and infrastructure with little to no modifications (depending on the blending rates) and offer import independence.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Global_Biofuel_Alliance-2\"><\/span><strong>About Global Biofuel Alliance:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Global Biofuel Alliance is being established by <strong>India, Brazil and US<\/strong> which together account for <strong>85% of global Ethanol Production<\/strong>. It will be an international platform for sharing best practices, promoting sustainable biofuel development and enhancing its application.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It aims to impact <strong>global energy architecture<\/strong> and achieve the target of net-zero emissions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Objectives of Global Biofuel Alliance are:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Promotion of <strong>International collaboration and cooperation<\/strong> to encourage the acceptance and utilisation of biofuels.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Development of <strong>robust markets for biofuels and facilitating global trade<\/strong> in biofuels.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Intensification of the use of<\/strong> <strong>sustainable biofuels<\/strong> in the transportation sector.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Development of concrete <strong>policy lesson-sharing<\/strong> and <strong>provision of technical support<\/strong> for national biofuels programs worldwide.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_to_scaling_up_of_Biofuel_in_India-2\"><\/span><strong>Challenges to scaling up of Biofuel in India:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Use of 1<sup>st<\/sup> Generation biofuel<\/strong>: 1<sup>st<\/sup> generation biofuel sourced from food crops, are primarily used in India. The policy target of achieving 20% ethanol blending (E20) by 2025-26 is also expected to be met by 1G ethanol putting stress on agricultural produce.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Groundwater depletion<\/strong> could triple during 2040-81. This could be partly attributed to increase in crop water requirements. Thus producing fuel from food crops would become unsustainable.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Stagnation of crop yield<\/strong>: India\u2019s crop yields have already stagnated, and global warming is expected to reduce yields. So, the strategy to meet blending targets cannot depend on surplus crop production.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>GHG emissions from agriculture sector<\/strong>: Agriculture sector has high direct GHG emissions. Thus depending on a sector with high GHG emissions to decrease emissions from the transport sector is a not beneficial balancing loop.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Measures_for_decarbonization_of_transportation-2\"><\/span><strong>Measures for decarbonization of transportation<\/strong>:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Use of Biomass:<\/strong> Biomass should be prioritised for sectors where there are limited low-carbon alternatives. Long-haul aviation and road freight segments, wherein complete electrification might take longer to achieve, could use biomass as an alternative energy source.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Increasing production of 2G biofuels<\/strong>: For net zero by 2050, biofuel production needs to be tripled by 2030. 2G ethanol could be counted as a sustainable fuel, especially if the production is decentralised, i.e., crop residues do not have to be transported large distances to a central manufacturing plant&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Global Biofuels Alliance<\/strong> could help drive innovation and technology development in establishing an efficient biomass supply chain and smaller-scale decentralised biofuel production units.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/The complex path to biofuel sustainability - The Hindu.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Science_and_Technology\"><\/span>Science and Technology&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_role_in_democratising_space\"><\/span>India\u2019s role in democratising space&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag<\/strong>: GS Paper \u2013 2: Government Policies &amp; Interventions; Effect of Policies &amp; Politics of Countries on India&#8217;s Interests.&nbsp;<\/p><p>GS Paper \u2013 3: Scientific Innovations &amp; Discoveries; Space Technology.&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exam_View-16\"><\/span><strong>Exam View<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Is Outer Space a \u201cGlobal common\u201d?; Space Race; India\u2019s role.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"283\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-110.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-12964 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-110.png 600w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-110-585x276.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/283;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context-20\"><\/span><strong>Context<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>With the success of Chandrayaan 3, <strong>India must pursue contributing towards the framing of an international space resource-management framework<\/strong> that balances competing objectives in pursuit of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_editorial_Is_Outer_Space_a_%E2%80%9CGlobal_common%E2%80%9D\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the editorial: Is Outer Space a \u201cGlobal common\u201d?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u201cGlobal commons\u201d is a concept built upon the legacy of Grotius\u2019s idea of mare liberum <\/strong>(free sea), an idea that aimed to preserve the freedom of access and benefit of all.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The term is used typically to describe supra-national and global resource domains in which common-pool resources are found.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The UN identifies four \u201cglobal commons\u201d, namely&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>the high seas,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>the atmosphere,&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Antarctica and&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>outer space.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>When rooted in geopolitical or military relevance, \u201cglobal common\u201d is generally viewed as an enabling concept.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Security establishments across the world recognise domains beyond the national jurisdictions as vital connecting channels for the international order.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Others recognise <strong>outer space as a vital operational domain for keeping their nation safe<\/strong> while upholding international law.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>If outer space as a \u201cglobal common\u201d were rejected, high seas would not continue to be regarded as one.&nbsp;&nbsp;A collective regional security initiative like the QUAD would be unable to continue its call for the freedom of navigation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>When rooted in economic and commercial implications of shared resources, \u201cglobal common\u201d is generally seen as a constraining concept.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u201cCommons\u201d is seen as constraining because it is associated with notions of shared ownership, public governance or limitations on use.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>\u201cCommons\u201d is sometimes also associated with the \u201ccommon heritage of mankind\u201d (CHM) concept<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It has been expressed in the Moon Agreement, 1979.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>CHM was a new concept that created a territorial status in which the Moon and celestial bodies are themselves not subject to national appropriation, but the fruits and resources of which are also deemed to be the property of mankind at large.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>CHM is not limited to outer space.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The 1970 UN General Assembly passed a non-binding resolution that \u201cthe seabed and ocean floor, and the subsoil thereof, beyond the limits of national jurisdiction, as well as the resources of the area are the common heritage of mankind.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>After the <strong>Moon Agreement<\/strong>, this principle was codified as Article 136 of the United Convention on Law of the Seas, 1982.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Space_Race\"><\/span><strong>Space Race<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 1957, after Sputnik was launched, geopolitical expediency led the only space-faring superpowers, the US and the USSR to ensure the adoption of <strong>UN General Assembly Resolutions 1721 A&amp;B (XVI)<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>All space-faring nations have continued to conform and adhere to that settled precedent.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Over decades of consistent state practice, the principles of the Outer Space Treaty, 1967, have transformed into rules of customary international law.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Today, outer space is a democratised domain.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Over 80 countries access outer space, deriving benefits from space-based satellite services for every aspect of their national life, even though there are only 11 space-faring nations (including ESA).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_role\"><\/span><strong>India\u2019s role<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>India\u2019s successes in 2023<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>India is now a signatory to the US Artemis Accords.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The deepening of US-India engagements, particularly iCET.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The establishment of the US-India Civil Space and Commercial Space Working Groups has met with excitement and expectations.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Chandrayaan 3 landing.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>India can play a significant part in determining the content and contours of a future international framework for the management of space resources.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It must necessarily involve a close examination of the Moon Agreement 1979 (MA) which came into force in 1984.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It will require a comprehensive understanding of the range of directly and indirectly applicable international law and other frameworks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It will also require the participation of all government institutions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>India has had and continues to have robust international cooperation space programmes, including multilateral and bilateral engagements with advanced space powers, and with those looking forward to advancing theirs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/chandrayaan-3-success-indias-role-in-democratising-space-8928024\/lite\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As we step into the month of September 2023, the world of civil services aspirants is abuzz with anticipation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":12968,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[160,232],"class_list":["post-12869","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs","tag-upsc"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12869","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12869"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12869\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18096,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12869\/revisions\/18096"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12869"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12869"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12869"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}