{"id":13605,"date":"2023-10-26T02:18:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-26T02:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=13605"},"modified":"2024-01-30T06:42:43","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T06:42:43","slug":"upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Daily Current Affairs &#8211; 25th October 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/books\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1320\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj.png 1320w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj-1170x369.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/L0DSjolptRXUxybz9hFq0TESMnSeCYa4N6uPyerj-585x184.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1320px) 100vw, 1320px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination. Our focus today includes a critical analysis of recent policy changes, international affairs, and national developments, all of which play a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic landscape of India. Stay informed and stay ahead in your UPSC preparations with our daily current affairs updates, as we provide you with concise, well-researched insights to help you connect the dots between contemporary events and the broader canvas of the civil services syllabus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f430e97cd\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f430e97cd\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#States_to_Appoint_Officers_under_POSH_Act_2013\" title=\"States to Appoint Officers under POSH Act, 2013&nbsp;\">States to Appoint Officers under POSH Act, 2013&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News\" title=\"In News\">In News<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Supreme_Courts_Directives_to_States\" title=\"Supreme Court&#8217;s Directives to States&nbsp;\">Supreme Court&#8217;s Directives to States&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Background_and_Necessity\" title=\"Background and Necessity&nbsp;\">Background and Necessity&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Role_of_District_Officers_Under_the_POSH_Act\" title=\"Role of District Officers Under the POSH Act&nbsp;\">Role of District Officers Under the POSH Act&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Appointment_of_Nodal_Persons\" title=\"Appointment of Nodal Persons&nbsp;\">Appointment of Nodal Persons&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Deadline_for_Report_Submission\" title=\"Deadline for Report Submission&nbsp;\">Deadline for Report Submission&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Overview_of_the_PoSH_Act_2013\" title=\"Overview of the PoSH Act, 2013&nbsp;\">Overview of the PoSH Act, 2013&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Historical_Context_and_Legal_Foundation\" title=\"Historical Context and Legal Foundation&nbsp;\">Historical Context and Legal Foundation&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Key_Provisions_of_the_Act\" title=\"Key Provisions of the Act&nbsp;\">Key Provisions of the Act&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Prevention_and_Prohibition\" title=\"Prevention and Prohibition:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Prevention and Prohibition:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Internal_Complaints_Committee_ICC\" title=\"Internal Complaints Committee (ICC):&nbsp;\">Internal Complaints Committee (ICC):&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Duties_of_Employers\" title=\"Duties of Employers:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Duties of Employers:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Penalties\" title=\"Penalties:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Penalties:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Potential_Reforms_and_Future_Steps\" title=\"Potential Reforms and Future Steps&nbsp;\">Potential Reforms and Future Steps&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Employment_Tribunal\" title=\"Employment Tribunal:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Employment Tribunal:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Expanding_the_Acts_Scope\" title=\"Expanding the Act&#8217;s Scope:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Expanding the Act&#8217;s Scope:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Employer_Responsibility\" title=\"Employer Responsibility:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Employer Responsibility:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#The_Government_of_India_has_implemented_a_number_of_safety_schemes_for_women_including\" title=\"The Government of India has implemented a number of safety schemes for women, including:&nbsp;\">The Government of India has implemented a number of safety schemes for women, including:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Reforms_in_Special_and_Local_Laws\" title=\"Reforms in Special and Local Laws&nbsp;\">Reforms in Special and Local Laws&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-2\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#What_are_Special_and_Local_Laws_SLLs\" title=\"What are Special and Local Laws (SLLs)?&nbsp;\">What are Special and Local Laws (SLLs)?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Significance\" title=\"Significance:&nbsp;\">Significance:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Requirement_of_Reforms_in_Special_and_Local_Laws_SLLs_in_India\" title=\"Requirement of Reforms in Special and Local Laws (SLLs) in India:&nbsp;\">Requirement of Reforms in Special and Local Laws (SLLs) in India:&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Ambiguous_Definitions\" title=\"Ambiguous Definitions:&nbsp;\">Ambiguous Definitions:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Variability_in_Legal_Processes\" title=\"Variability in Legal Processes:&nbsp;\">Variability in Legal Processes:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Inherent_Indiscretion\" title=\"Inherent Indiscretion:&nbsp;\">Inherent Indiscretion:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Undermining_of_Due_Process\" title=\"Undermining of Due Process:&nbsp;\">Undermining of Due Process:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Suistainable_Development_Goals_Summit_2023\" title=\"Suistainable Development Goals Summit 2023&nbsp;\">Suistainable Development Goals Summit 2023&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-3\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Key_Highlights_of_the_SDG_Summit_2023\" title=\"Key Highlights of the SDG Summit 2023&nbsp;\">Key Highlights of the SDG Summit 2023&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Concerns_Related_to_SDG_Progress\" title=\"Concerns Related to SDG Progress:&nbsp;\">Concerns Related to SDG Progress:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Way_Forward\" title=\"Way Forward&nbsp;\">Way Forward&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Climate_Adaptation_of_Marine_Microalgae\" title=\"Climate Adaptation of Marine Microalgae&nbsp;\">Climate Adaptation of Marine Microalgae&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-4\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#About\" title=\"About&nbsp;\">About&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Marine_Microalgae\" title=\"Marine Microalgae&nbsp;\">Marine Microalgae&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Their_Vital_Role\" title=\"Their Vital Role:&nbsp;\">Their Vital Role:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Nutrient_Scarcity\" title=\"Nutrient Scarcity:&nbsp;\">Nutrient Scarcity:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Examples_of_Marine_Microalgae\" title=\"Examples of Marine Microalgae:&nbsp;\">Examples of Marine Microalgae:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Key_Findings_of_the_Study\" title=\"Key Findings of the Study:&nbsp;\">Key Findings of the Study:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Implications_of_the_Study\" title=\"Implications of the Study:&nbsp;\">Implications of the Study:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Proposed_Reforms_for_Multilateral_Development_Banks\" title=\"Proposed Reforms for Multilateral Development Banks&nbsp;\">Proposed Reforms for Multilateral Development Banks&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-5\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#About_Multilateral_Development_Banks_MDBs\" title=\"About Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)&nbsp;\">About Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Challenges_and_Reforms_Proposed_by_Experts\" title=\"Challenges and Reforms Proposed by Experts&nbsp;\">Challenges and Reforms Proposed by Experts&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#1_Addressing_Global_Challenges\" title=\"1. Addressing Global Challenges:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">1. Addressing Global Challenges:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#2_Engaging_the_Private_Sector\" title=\"2. Engaging the Private Sector:&nbsp;\">2. Engaging the Private Sector:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Achieving_this_shift_necessitates_MDBs_to\" title=\"Achieving this shift necessitates MDBs to:&nbsp;\">Achieving this shift necessitates MDBs to:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Proposed_Reforms_for_MDBs\" title=\"Proposed Reforms for MDBs:&nbsp;\">Proposed Reforms for MDBs:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Curb_Exports_of_Graphite_Material_by_China\" title=\"Curb Exports of Graphite Material by China&nbsp;\">Curb Exports of Graphite Material by China&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-6\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Chinas_Decision_to_Curb_Exports_of_Graphite_and_Its_Impacts\" title=\"China\u2019s Decision to Curb Exports of Graphite and Its Impacts&nbsp;\">China\u2019s Decision to Curb Exports of Graphite and Its Impacts&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Significance-2\" title=\"Significance:&nbsp;\">Significance:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Restrictions\" title=\"Restrictions:&nbsp;\">Restrictions:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Concern_for_EV_Manufacturers\" title=\"Concern for EV Manufacturers:&nbsp;\">Concern for EV Manufacturers:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#What_is_Graphite\" title=\"What is Graphite?&nbsp;\">What is Graphite?&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#About-2\" title=\"About:&nbsp;\">About:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Structure\" title=\"Structure:&nbsp;\">Structure:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Properties\" title=\"Properties:&nbsp;\">Properties:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Applications\" title=\"Applications:&nbsp;\">Applications:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Global_Reserves\" title=\"Global Reserves:&nbsp;\">Global Reserves:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Puri_Jagannath_Temples_Ratna_Bhandar\" title=\"Puri Jagannath Temple&#8217;s Ratna Bhandar&nbsp;\">Puri Jagannath Temple&#8217;s Ratna Bhandar&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-7\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Ratna_Bhandar_of_the_Jagannath_Temple\" title=\"Ratna Bhandar of the Jagannath Temple&nbsp;\">Ratna Bhandar of the Jagannath Temple&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#About-3\" title=\"About:&nbsp;\">About:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Demands_of_Opening_the_inner_chamber_of_the_Ratna_Bhandar\" title=\"Demands of Opening the inner chamber of the Ratna Bhandar:&nbsp;\">Demands of Opening the inner chamber of the Ratna Bhandar:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#The_Jagannath_Temple\" title=\"The Jagannath Temple&nbsp;\">The Jagannath Temple&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#About-4\" title=\"About:&nbsp;\">About:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Deities\" title=\"Deities:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Deities:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Architecture\" title=\"Architecture:&nbsp;\">Architecture:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Rath_Yatra\" title=\"Rath Yatra:&nbsp;\">Rath Yatra:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Legend\" title=\"Legend:&nbsp;\">Legend:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Dhordo_Gujarat\" title=\"Dhordo, Gujarat&nbsp;\">Dhordo, Gujarat&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-8\" title=\"In News:&nbsp;\">In News:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Cyclone_Tej\" title=\"Cyclone Tej&nbsp;\">Cyclone Tej&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-9\" title=\"In News:&nbsp;\">In News:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#IMD\" title=\"IMD&nbsp;\">IMD&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#South_China_Sea\" title=\"South China Sea\">South China Sea<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_News-10\" title=\"In News:&nbsp;\">In News:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Significance_of_the_South_China_Sea\" title=\"Significance of the South China Sea:&nbsp;\">Significance of the South China Sea:&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#1_Strategic_Location\" title=\"1. Strategic Location:&nbsp;\">1. Strategic Location:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#2_Trade_Importance\" title=\"2. Trade Importance:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">2. Trade Importance:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#3_Fishing_Ground\" title=\"3. Fishing Ground:&nbsp;\">3. Fishing Ground:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Major_Disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea\" title=\"Major Disputes in the South China Sea:&nbsp;\">Major Disputes in the South China Sea:&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#1Territorial_Claims\" title=\"1.Territorial Claims:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">1.Territorial Claims:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#2_Efforts_to_Resolve_the_Dispute\" title=\"2. Efforts to Resolve the Dispute:&nbsp;\">2. Efforts to Resolve the Dispute:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-25th-october-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"States_to_Appoint_Officers_under_POSH_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>States to Appoint Officers under POSH Act, 2013<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Polity&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News\"><\/span><strong>In News<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently<strong> <\/strong>The Supreme Court of India has instructed all states\/UTs to appoint district officers under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013, to ensure the law&#8217;s effective enforcement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Supreme_Courts_Directives_to_States\"><\/span><strong>Supreme Court&#8217;s Directives to States<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background_and_Necessity\"><\/span><strong>Background and Necessity<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recognizing the unavailability of a recourse for women <strong>facing workplace sexual harassment due to the absence of designated authorities<\/strong>, the Supreme Court mandated that all states promptly <strong>appoint district officers under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace <\/strong>(Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_District_Officers_Under_the_POSH_Act\"><\/span><strong>Role of District Officers Under the POSH Act<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The POSH Act <strong>mandates the appointment of district officers in each district<\/strong>, who are pivotal in executing the Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Their duties encompass establishing <strong>Local Complaints Committees<\/strong> (LCCs) for women employed <strong>in small establishments with fewer than 10 workers<\/strong> or cases where the employer is the perpetrator.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, district officers are responsible for <strong>designating nodal officers in rural, tribal, and urban areas.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appointment_of_Nodal_Persons\"><\/span><strong>Appointment of Nodal Persons<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Supreme Court directed the <strong>Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD) in every State\/UT to designate a &#8216;nodal person&#8217;<\/strong> within the Department.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This individual would <strong>oversee and facilitate coordination as specified in the POSH Act<\/strong> and interact with the Union Government on matters concerning the Act and its implementation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deadline_for_Report_Submission\"><\/span><strong>Deadline for Report Submission<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Furthermore, each State\/UT Government must submit a consolidated report detailing its compliance with the aforementioned directives <strong>to the Union Government within eight weeks.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_the_PoSH_Act_2013\"><\/span><strong>Overview of the PoSH Act, 2013<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013, is a significant piece of legislation enacted by the Government of India in 2013 to <strong>address the pressing issue of sexual harassment experienced by women in the workplace<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The primary objective of this Act is to <strong>establish a safe and supportive work environment for women<\/strong>, offering them protection against sexual harassment.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It <strong>defines sexual harassment broadly<\/strong>, encompassing various unwelcome behaviours such as physical contact, sexual advances, demands for sexual Favors, making sexually coloured remarks, displaying pornography, and any other unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, be it verbal, non-verbal, or physical.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Historical_Context_and_Legal_Foundation\"><\/span><strong>Historical Context and Legal Foundation<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The foundation for the PoSH Act lies in a landmark judgment by the Supreme Court of India in the <strong>Vishakha and others v State of Rajasthan case in 1997<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This case gave rise to the <strong><em>&#8220;Vishakha guidelines,&#8221;<\/em><\/strong> which subsequently laid the groundwork for the 2013 Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Supreme Court drew its authority from multiple sources, including the Indian Constitution&#8217;s <strong>Article 15<\/strong> (which prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth) and international conventions and norms such as the General Recommendations of the <strong>Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women <\/strong>(CEDAW), which <strong>India ratified in 1993<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Provisions_of_the_Act\"><\/span><strong>Key Provisions of the Act<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prevention_and_Prohibition\"><\/span><strong>Prevention and Prohibition:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Act places a legal obligation on employers to take proactive measures to prevent and prohibit sexual harassment in the workplace.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Internal_Complaints_Committee_ICC\"><\/span><strong>Internal Complaints Committee (ICC):<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Employers are <strong>mandated to establish ICCs at workplaces<\/strong> with ten or more employees.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These committees <strong>are responsible for receiving and addressing complaints of sexual harassment <\/strong>and have the authority to gather evidence, similar to civil courts.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Duties_of_Employers\"><\/span><strong>Duties of Employers:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Employers are required to conduct awareness programs, ensure a secure working environment, and prominently display information about the PoSH Act within the workplace.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Penalties\"><\/span><strong>Penalties:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Non-compliance with the Act&#8217;s provisions can <strong>lead to penalties<\/strong>, including fines and the cancellation of business licenses.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Potential_Reforms_and_Future_Steps\"><\/span><strong>Potential Reforms and Future Steps<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Employment_Tribunal\"><\/span><strong>Employment Tribunal:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>One proposed reform is the <strong>establishment of an employment tribunal<\/strong> to replace the internal complaints committee (ICC) under the Sexual Harassment at the Workplace Act.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This tribunal could adopt a <strong>more flexible procedure<\/strong> for swift complaint resolution.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Expanding_the_Acts_Scope\"><\/span><strong>Expanding the Act&#8217;s Scope:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Advocates have called for the inclusion of domestic workers within the Act&#8217;s purview. Furthermore, there is a suggestion to broaden the definition of sexual harassment by considering <strong>&#8220;unwelcome behaviour&#8221;<\/strong> from the subjective perception of the complainant, thus expanding the scope of protection.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Employer_Responsibility\"><\/span><strong>Employer Responsibility:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It is recommended that employers be held accountable if they <strong>facilitate sexual harassment, allow a workplace culture<\/strong> conducive to systematic misconduct, or fail to disclose the company&#8217;s sexual harassment policy and complaint procedures.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, <strong>the proposed removal of the three-month time limit<\/strong> for filing complaints and ensuring that complainants are not transferred without their consent are significant considerations for reform.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Government_of_India_has_implemented_a_number_of_safety_schemes_for_women_including\"><\/span><strong>The Government of India has implemented a number of safety schemes for women, including:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>One Stop Centre (OSC):<\/strong> OSCs are designed to provide integrated support and assistance to women affected by violence, under one roof. They provide services such as medical aid, police assistance, legal aid, psychological counselling, and temporary shelter.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mahila Police Volunteer (MPV):<\/strong> MPVs are women volunteers who are trained to assist the police in preventing and responding to crimes against women. They are deployed in public places such as markets, bus stops, and railway stations, and play an important role in creating a sense of security for women.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Women Helpline:<\/strong> The Women Helpline is a toll-free 24\/7 helpline that provides assistance to women in distress. It provides information and support on a range of issues, including domestic violence, sexual harassment, and trafficking.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Self-D\u00e9fense Training Programs:<\/strong> The government offers a number of self-defence training programs for women, which help them to learn how to protect themselves in case of an attack.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Public Awareness Campaigns:<\/strong> The government regularly conducts public awareness campaigns to educate people about women&#8217;s safety and to promote gender equality.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC CSE Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><br><strong>Prelims (2010)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Q. Two of the schemes launched by the Government of India for Women\u2019s development are Swadhar and Swayam Siddha. As regards the difference between them, consider the following statements:<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>Swayam Siddha is meant for those in difficult circumstances such as women survivors of natural disasters or terrorism, women prisoners released from jails, mentally challenged women etc., whereas Swadhar is meant for holistic empowerment of women through Self Help Groups.&nbsp;<br>Swayam Siddha is implemented through Local Self Government bodies or reputed Voluntary Organizations whereas Swadhar is implemented through the ICDS units set up in the states.&nbsp;<br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202f1 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202f2 only\u202f&nbsp;<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202fBoth 1 and 2&nbsp;<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202fNeither 1 nor 2&nbsp;<br><strong>Answer: (d)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/56400\/OPS\/GT7BTDJS4.1+GR8BTE8T4.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reforms_in_Special_and_Local_Laws\"><\/span><strong>Reforms in Special and Local Laws<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-2 Polity<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-2\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, there has been a focus on introducing Bills to reform the <strong>substantive criminal law contained in the Indian Penal Code (IPC),<\/strong> <strong>Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC),<\/strong> and Indian Evidence Act (IEA).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Special_and_Local_Laws_SLLs\"><\/span><strong>What are Special and Local Laws (SLLs)?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SLLs, or Special and Local Laws, are legal provisions designed to address <strong>region-specific, cultural, or unique legal matters<\/strong> within a particular state or local area.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They differ from the general laws and regulations outlined in the <strong>Indian Penal Code (IPC) and serve to identify <\/strong>and address criminal activities framed by the state government for specific issues.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance\"><\/span><strong>Significance:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SLLs constitute a <strong>vital part of India&#8217;s Criminal Justice System<\/strong>, encompassing the most critical offenses and procedures.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They hold immense relevance in the Indian <strong>Criminal Justice System<\/strong>, with nearly 39.9% of all Cognizable Offenses registered in 2021 falling under SLLs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In Cognizable Offenses, a law enforcement officer can take cognizance of and arrest a suspect without requiring a court warrant if there is &#8220;<strong>reason to believe<\/strong>&#8221; the <strong>person committed the offense <\/strong>and if the arrest is deemed necessary based on certain enumerated factors.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>detention must be ratified by a judicial magistrate<\/strong> within 24 hours of the arrest.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Requirement_of_Reforms_in_Special_and_Local_Laws_SLLs_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Requirement of Reforms in Special and Local Laws (SLLs) in India:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ambiguous_Definitions\"><\/span><strong>Ambiguous Definitions:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Some SLLs, such as the <strong>Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967, suffer from deficient, ambiguous, and vague definitions of offenses<\/strong> and terms like &#8216;terrorist act,&#8217; &#8216;unlawful activity,&#8217; and &#8216;organized crime.&#8217;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These <strong>ambiguities can lead to misuse and misinterpretation<\/strong>, impacting due process.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Variability_in_Legal_Processes\"><\/span><strong>Variability in Legal Processes:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SLLs can result in <strong>different legal treatment for individuals or groups<\/strong> based on their geographical location, leading to disparities in access to justice and legal protection.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Legal <strong>inconsistencies<\/strong> can create uncertainty for <strong>individuals and businesses<\/strong>, affecting their understanding of legal rights and obligations.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inherent_Indiscretion\"><\/span><strong>Inherent Indiscretion:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The lack of contemplative considerations in <strong>SLLs<\/strong> can lead to <strong>inefficiencies and uncertainties.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>For instance, the <strong>Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act, 2012<\/strong>, has been <strong>criticized for its application to consensual sexual<\/strong> activities between minors, raising concerns about criminalizing such conduct.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Undermining_of_Due_Process\"><\/span><strong>Undermining of Due Process:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SLLs have led to the erosion of due process values, exemplified by increased powers of search and seizure and admissibility of confessions recorded by police officers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Inadequate safeguards for the rights of the accused raise concerns about fairness and the protection of individual liberties.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Restrictive bail provisions in SLLs often make obtaining bail nearly impossible, infringing on the rights of the accused.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>To address the deficiencies in the current legal framework, SLLs that criminalize specific conduct <strong>should be integrated into the penal code as separate chapters.<\/strong> Additionally, SLLs with distinct procedures for reporting, arrest, investigation, prosecution, trial, evidence, and bail should be included in the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) or treated as exceptions. The ongoing reform process should be extended to rectify these deficiencies, as the exclusion of SLL aspects poses a significant limitation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/why-special-and-local-laws-also-need-to-be-reformed\/article67439933.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Suistainable_Development_Goals_Summit_2023\"><\/span><strong>Suistainable Development Goals Summit 2023<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-3 and GS-2 Environment, Climate change and Inclusive Development&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/8b54eee0-192e-499d-a35a-b0dbd029edf5\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-3\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>During the SDG Summit in New York, USA, global leaders voiced their concerns about the <strong>sluggish advancement in attaining the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Highlights_of_the_SDG_Summit_2023\"><\/span><strong>Key Highlights of the SDG Summit 2023<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At the SDG Summit in New York, global leaders addressed several crucial issues:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Recognizing the Funding Gap:<\/strong> The funding gap for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) <strong>has grown from USD 2.5 trillion<\/strong> to an alarming <strong>USD 4.2 trillion, underscoring the urgent need for substantial investments<\/strong> in SDG attainment.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Addressing the Finance Challenge: <\/strong>Emphasizing the significance of the <strong>Addis Ababa Action Agenda<\/strong> (AAAA), leaders stressed the efficient utilization of all financial resources, both public and private, for sustainable development. They called for a significant increase in <strong>funding by USD 500 billion annually,<\/strong> endorsing the UN Secretary-General&#8217;s proposal for an SDG stimulus.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Multilateral Actions and Debt Swaps: <\/strong>To bolster SDG implementation, leaders called for <strong>multilateral actions and coordination among creditors<\/strong>, with a focus on scaling up Debt Swaps for SDGs, including climate and nature-related debt swaps, to facilitate green growth.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Impact of Covid-19:<\/strong> The declaration acknowledged the disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the SDGs, particularly in the world&#8217;s most vulnerable nations.&nbsp; It stressed the need for urgent corrective actions to expedite SDG progress.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Integrating Climate Action and Disaster Risk Reduction:<\/strong> Leaders recommitted to the <strong>Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction<\/strong> and pledged to intensify efforts to combat climate change. They also committed to <strong>operationalize new finance mechanisms to address loss and damage<\/strong> while aligning with climate objectives.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Commitment to 2030 Agenda:<\/strong> Despite numerous challenges, leaders reaffirmed their commitment to fully implementing the 2030 Agenda and the 17 SDGs, aiming to protect the rights and well-being of all for a sustainable world.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concerns_Related_to_SDG_Progress\"><\/span><strong>Concerns Related to SDG Progress:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Despite commitments, progress toward achieving the 17 SDGs, consisting of 169 targets, has reached only 15% at the midway point. Concerns arise regarding substantial progress in the second half of the commitment period.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Funding Adequacy and Accessibility:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>The estimated investment gap for SDG achievement in developing countries <strong>has soared to over USD 4 trillion<\/strong>, especially with a significant portion earmarked for the transition to sustainable energy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This immense financial demand raises questions about <strong>funding adequacy and accessibility.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Dis-synergies and Barriers:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Dis-synergies in SDG interventions, <strong>combined with barriers such as knowledge gaps, political and institutional<\/strong> obstacles, and economic challenges, hinder the realization of synergies in SDG implementation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Challenges in Policy Implementation:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Policy inconsistencies and misalignment pose challenges, particularly in renewable energy targets and small-scale applications due to a lack of integration and clear objectives.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Climate Change and Environmental Impact:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Climate change remains a significant challenge, imperilling the achievement of SDG targets as greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise globally, accompanied by concerns over climate change vulnerability.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prioritizing the fight against climate change and its environmental repercussions is imperative, necessitating global cooperation and coordination.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Encouraging multilateral actions and collaboration among nations is essential to drive progress in realizing the Sustainable Development Goals.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Leaders must maintain their dedication to the 2030 Agenda, with a focus on safeguarding the rights and well-being of all in the pursuit of a sustainable world.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC CSE Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><br><strong>Q. \u202fSustainable development is described as the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In this perspective, inherently the concept of sustainable development is intertwined with which of the following concepts? (2010)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>(a)\u202fSocial justice and empowerment&nbsp;<br>(b)\u202fInclusive Growth&nbsp;<br>(c)\u202fGlobalization&nbsp;<br>(d)\u202fCarrying capacity&nbsp;<br><strong>Answer: (d)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Q. The Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE), a UN mechanism to assist countries transition towards greener and more inclusive economies, emerged at (2018)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202fThe Earth Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Johannesburg.&nbsp;<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202fThe United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development 2012, Rio de Janeiro.&nbsp;<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202fThe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2015, Paris.&nbsp;<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202fThe World Sustainable Development Summit 2016, New Delhi.&nbsp;<br><strong>Answer: (b)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements: (2016)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the \u2018Club of Rome\u2019.&nbsp;<br>The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030.&nbsp;<br>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?&nbsp;<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202f1 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202f2 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202fBoth 1 and 2&nbsp;<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202fNeither 1 nor 2&nbsp;<br><strong>Answer: (b)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/world-not-on-track-to-achieve-most-sdgs-by-2030-expert-analysis\/article67416962.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Climate_Adaptation_of_Marine_Microalgae\"><\/span><strong>Climate Adaptation of Marine Microalgae<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment and Climate Change&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-4\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers at the University of East Anglia (UEA) in England have recently discovered that eukaryotic phytoplankton, also known as microalgae, have evolved to cope with global warming and changing ocean conditions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About\"><\/span><strong>About<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Eukaryotic phytoplankton are <strong>microscopic organisms that live in water and are responsible for about half of the world&#8217;s photosynthesis<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They are a vital part of the marine food chain and play an important role in the global climate system.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Marine_Microalgae\"><\/span><strong>Marine Microalgae<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Marine microalgae, also <strong>known as eukaryotic phytoplankton<\/strong>, are photosynthetic microorganisms that thrive in various natural environments, including water, rocks, and soil.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They <strong>exhibit superior photosynthetic efficiency<\/strong> compared to terrestrial plants and play a crucial role in both oxygen production and the oceanic ecosystem.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Their_Vital_Role\"><\/span><strong>Their Vital Role:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Marine <strong>microalgae are instrumental in the oceanic food chain and carbon dioxide absorption.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>They serve as the foundational <strong>primary producers<\/strong>, responsible for generating a significant portion of the world&#8217;s oxygen.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, the <strong>ongoing impact of climate change<\/strong>, particularly global warming, is causing surface ocean waters to heat up.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This results in reduced nutrient availability, primarily <strong>due to decreased mixing between the surface waters<\/strong> and the nutrient-rich deeper layers.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nutrient_Scarcity\"><\/span><strong>Nutrient Scarcity:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As a consequence of warming waters, <strong>nutrients, including vital elements like iron<\/strong>, become scarce in the surface layer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This scarcity significantly <strong>affects primary producers, such as microalgae<\/strong>, as it limits their capacity to produce food and capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_Marine_Microalgae\"><\/span><strong>Examples of Marine Microalgae:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Marine microalgae come in various forms, <strong>including diatoms, dinoflagellates, chlorella<\/strong>, and many others, each contributing uniquely to the intricate balance of oceanic ecosystems.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Findings_of_the_Study\"><\/span><strong>Key Findings of the Study:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Activation of Rhodopsin Protein:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Marine microalgae respond to changing ocean conditions by <strong>activating a protein known as rhodopsin<\/strong>, akin to the protein responsible for low-light vision in the human eye.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This adaptation enables these microalgae to thrive by <strong>utilizing sunlight as an alternative energy source<\/strong>, distinct from traditional chlorophyll-based photosynthesis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This mechanism becomes particularly critical for their survival in regions with nutrient-poor surface waters caused by ocean warming.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Light Capture for Energy:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Rhodopsin\u2019s play a pivotal role in capturing light in the ocean and are capable of absorbing as much light as chlorophyll-based photosynthesis.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Through <strong>rhodopsin, microalgae harness light to generate energy<\/strong>, primarily in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This process allows them to produce sustenance and sequester carbon dioxide.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implications_of_the_Study\"><\/span><strong>Implications of the Study:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Environmental Adaptation:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>Understanding the significance of rhodopsin in microalgae&#8217;s adaptation to changing ocean conditions offers potential solutions to mitigate the adverse impacts of ocean warming on marine ecosystems.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This knowledge <strong>holds essential implications for preserving ecosystems<\/strong> reliant on microalgae as a primary food source.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Biotechnology Applications:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>The mechanisms identified in this study <strong>can be applied in biotechnology to enhance the activity of non-light-dependent<\/strong> microbes, such as yeast.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This innovation has the potential to enhance the production of various biotechnological products, <strong>including insulin, antibiotics, enzymes, antivirals, and biofuels.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Global Agriculture:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>These findings <strong>resonate with land-based agriculture<\/strong>, where reduced nutrient availability can lead to diminished crop yields.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Much like microalgae&#8217;s reliance on <strong>rhodopsin to adapt to shifting conditions<\/strong>, there is an opportunity to explore strategies for bolstering crop resilience in the face of climate change.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC CSE Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Prelims (2016)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Q. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of a food chain?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>(a) Diatoms-Crustaceans-Herrings&nbsp;<br>(b) Crustaceans-Diatoms-Herrings&nbsp;<br>(c) Diatoms-Herrings-Crustaceans&nbsp;<br>(d) Crustaceans-Herrings-Diatoms&nbsp;<br><strong>Answer: (a)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/climate-change\/microalgae-are-adapting-to-warming-climate-declining-nutrient-levels-in-seas-with-novel-strategy-92379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proposed_Reforms_for_Multilateral_Development_Banks\"><\/span><strong>Proposed Reforms for Multilateral Development Banks<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 International Bodies&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-5\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently An expert panel convened by the G20 to enhance the effectiveness of Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), including institutions like the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, has put forth a series of reform proposals.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Multilateral_Development_Banks_MDBs\"><\/span><strong>About Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs)<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>MDBs are international institutions <strong>comprised of member countries, encompassing both developed and developing nations.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Their core role involves providing <strong>financial and technical assistance<\/strong> to support projects across various sectors, including transportation, energy, urban infrastructure, and waste management.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Traditionally, developed nations <strong>contribute to the lending pool<\/strong>, while developing countries primarily borrow from these institutions to fund their development initiatives.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_and_Reforms_Proposed_by_Experts\"><\/span><strong>Challenges and Reforms Proposed by Experts<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Addressing_Global_Challenges\"><\/span>1. <strong>Addressing Global Challenges:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The G20 expert group highlights the pressing <strong>need for MDBs to address global challenges, particularly concerning the climate cris<\/strong>is.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They stress that while the solutions are known, there is a lack of mechanisms to execute them on a <strong>global scale, especially in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs).<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Engaging_the_Private_Sector\"><\/span><strong>2. Engaging the Private Sector:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The existing perceptions and practices of MDBs <strong>have hindered their engagement with the private sector.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>MDBs are often seen as bureaucratic and risk-averse, discouraging greater private sector involvement in financing development projects.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Given the substantial financing requirement of MDBs, which is expected to reach $390 billion by 2030, the private sector can play a pivotal role in achieving this goal.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This, however, requires <strong>a shift from the current trend of low private financial flows to EMDEs.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Achieving_this_shift_necessitates_MDBs_to\"><\/span>Achieving this shift necessitates MDBs to:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Embrace partnerships with the private sector.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Be willing to take on more risk, including credit and policy risk.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Effectively manage these risks, which calls for significant reforms within the MDBs.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Traditional Lending in Countries like India<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>World Bank:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;The World Bank, established in 1944, has committed to lending approximately $97.6 billion to India for various projects, spanning sectors such as public administration, agriculture, transportation, and more.&nbsp;<strong>Asian Development Bank:<\/strong>&nbsp;The Asian Development Bank (ADB), formed in 1969, has committed around $59.7 billion in project and technical assistance to India.&nbsp;&nbsp;In 2022, it allocated $1.8 billion to sovereign projects and $0.2 billion to non-sovereign projects.&nbsp;<strong>Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB):<\/strong>&nbsp;The AIIB, established in 2016, has approved financing of approximately $9.9 billion in India, covering both sovereign and non-sovereign projects.&nbsp;<strong>European Investment Bank:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;The European Investment Bank, established in 1958, has signed off on 22 projects in India with a cumulative value of Euro 4.5 billion, primarily in the transport and energy sectors.&nbsp;<strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proposed_Reforms_for_MDBs\"><\/span><strong>Proposed Reforms for MDBs:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The G20 expert group has presented a comprehensive 30-point roadmap for reinvigorating MDBs, aiming for &#8220;bigger, bolder, better&#8221; institutions. The recommended reforms include:&nbsp;<\/li><li>Shifting from project-based financing to focusing on programs with sectoral emphasis and long-term transformation plans.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Elevating private sector engagement to a central position in MDB operations.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Tripling annual sustainable lending levels to $390 billion by 2030.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Adopting a triple mandate to eradicate extreme poverty, promote shared prosperity, and contribute to global public goods.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Modernizing funding models to attract a broader range of investors through flexible and innovative means.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The overarching goal of these reforms is to enable MDBs to play a more effective and substantial role in addressing global challenges, particularly in the context of sustainable development and climate change.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC CSE Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong><br>&nbsp;<br><strong>Prelims (2019)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>With reference to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), consider the following statements:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>AIIB has more than 80 member nations.&nbsp;<br>India is the largest shareholder in AIIB.&nbsp;<br>AIIB does not have any members from outside Asia.&nbsp;<br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202f1 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202f2 and 3 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202f1 and 3 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202f1, 2 and 3&nbsp;<br><strong>Answer: (a)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><br><strong><em>Mains:<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Q.<\/strong>\u202fIndia has recently signed to become a founding member of New Development Bank (NDB) and also the Asian Infrastructure Bank (AIIB). How will the role of the two Banks be different? Discuss the strategic significance of these two Banks for India.\u202f<strong>(2012)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-economics\/reforms-proposed-world-bank-multilateral-development-8990139\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Curb_Exports_of_Graphite_Material_by_China\"><\/span><strong>Curb Exports of Graphite Material by China<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-6\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently<strong> <\/strong>China, the leading global producer and exporter of graphite, has implemented restrictions on its exports of this vital battery material. These measures resemble those enforced since August 1, 2023, for <strong>gallium and germanium, <\/strong>essential metals used in chip production, which resulted in price increases beyond China.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chinas_Decision_to_Curb_Exports_of_Graphite_and_Its_Impacts\"><\/span><strong>China\u2019s Decision to Curb Exports of Graphite and Its Impacts<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance-2\"><\/span><strong>Significance:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This move is aimed at protecting China\u2019s national security and controlling supplies of critical minerals in response to challenges over its global manufacturing dominance.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Graphite, Cobalt, Nickel etc are important critical minerals as reflected in Mineral Security Partnership which India is not part of.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It also becomes important for major Electric vehicles (EVs) manufacturers across the world and also India due to its National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) where Graphite is a key component.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Restrictions\"><\/span><strong>Restrictions:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>China will require as of December 1st that exporters apply for permits to ship two types of graphite, including high-purity, high-hardness and high-intensity synthetic graphite material, and natural flake graphite and its products.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Meanwhile, it dropped temporary controls on five less sensitive graphite items used in basic industries such as steel, metallurgy, and chemicals.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concern_for_EV_Manufacturers\"><\/span><strong>Concern for EV Manufacturers:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>South Korean firms which heavily rely on China for graphite imports would need to seek alternatives, such as mines from the United States or Australia.&nbsp;<\/li><li>With rising sales of EVs, automakers are racing to lock in supplies from outside China, but shortages are looming, which is all set to push the costs manifold.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Graphite\"><\/span><strong>What is Graphite?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-2\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Graphite is a naturally occurring mineral composed of carbon.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is one of the three crystalline forms of carbon, with the other two being diamond and amorphous carbon (such as charcoal or carbon black).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structure\"><\/span><strong>Structure:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Graphite has a hexagonal crystal structure in which carbon atoms are arranged in layers or sheets.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These layers are weakly bonded together, allowing them to easily slide past each other, giving graphite its lubricating properties.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties\"><\/span><strong>Properties:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Graphite is a good conductor of both electricity and heat.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is used in the production of electrodes for batteries and in the electronics industry.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications\"><\/span><strong>Applications:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Graphite is commonly known for its use in pencils.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The &#8220;lead&#8221; in pencils is actually a mixture of graphite and clay.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Other applications include crucibles, foundry facings, polishes, arc lamps, batteries, brushes for electric motors, and cores of nuclear reactors.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Reserves\"><\/span><strong>Global Reserves:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>China produces two-thirds of the world\u2019s graphite, but compared to global reserves, the Asian country is not the only option.&nbsp;<\/li><li>According to the United States Geological Survey, Turkey (27.3%) and Brazil (22.4%) together own half of the world&#8217;s natural graphite resources.&nbsp;<\/li><li>&nbsp;China comes third, sitting on 16%, followed by Madagascar (7.9%)&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC CSE Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><br><strong>Prelims (2012)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Recently, there has been a concern over the short supply of a group of elements called \u2018rare earth metals. Why?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<br>China, which is the largest producer of these elements, has imposed some restrictions on their export.&nbsp;<br>Other than China, Australia, Canada and Chile, these elements are not found in any country.&nbsp;<br>Rare earth metals are essential for the manufacture of various kinds of electronic items and there is a growing demand for these elements.&nbsp;<br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202f1 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202f2 and 3 only&nbsp;<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202f1 and 3 only\u202f&nbsp;<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202f1, 2 and 3&nbsp;<br><strong>Answer: (c)<\/strong>&nbsp;<br><br><strong><em>Mains:<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<br><strong>Q.<\/strong>\u202fDespite India being one of the countries of Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in percentage. Discuss.\u202f<strong>(2021)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/business\/china-worlds-top-graphite-producer-to-curb-exports-of-key-battery-material\/article67443384.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Puri_Jagannath_Temples_Ratna_Bhandar\"><\/span><strong>Puri Jagannath Temple&#8217;s Ratna Bhandar<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-1 Art and Culture&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-7\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently,<strong> <\/strong>the call to unlock the treasure room, known as the Ratna Bhandar, within the Jagannath Temple has resurfaced, with the room remaining sealed for over three decades.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ratna_Bhandar_of_the_Jagannath_Temple\"><\/span><strong>Ratna Bhandar of the Jagannath Temple<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-3\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Ratna Bhandar of the <strong>Jagannath Temple houses the valuable ornaments gifted by devotees<\/strong> and past rulers to the deities, Lord Jagannath, Lord Balabhadra, and Goddess Subhadra.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It <strong>consists of two chambers:<\/strong> the outer one used for fetching ornaments during rituals and <strong>festivals, and the inner one, unopened for 38 years.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Demands_of_Opening_the_inner_chamber_of_the_Ratna_Bhandar\"><\/span><strong>Demands of Opening the <\/strong><strong>inner chamber of the Ratna Bhandar:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Calls to open the inner chamber have grown due to concerns about its structural stability, prompting the <strong>Archaeological Survey of India (ASI),<\/strong> the temple&#8217;s custodian, to seek access for repairs, safeguarding the priceless treasures contained inside due to potential wall cracks.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Jagannath_Temple\"><\/span><strong>The Jagannath Temple<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-4\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Jagannath Temple, also known as the Shree Jagannath Temple, is a significant Hindu temple located in Puri, Odisha, India.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is one of the most revered and sacred temples in the country and is a prominent pilgrimage destination for Hindus. Here are some key details about the Jagannath Temple&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"976\" height=\"651\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13607 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image.jpeg 976w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-585x390.jpeg 585w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-263x175.jpeg 263w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 976px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 976\/651;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deities\"><\/span><strong>Deities:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The temple is dedicated to Lord Jagannath, who is considered an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, along with his siblings, Lord Balabhadra and Goddess Subhadra.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These deities are worshipped as part of the Holy Trinity or the &#8220;Purushottama,&#8221; where Lord Jagannath represents the Supreme Being.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Architecture\"><\/span><strong>Architecture:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The temple is renowned for its impressive Kalinga architecture, characterized by a towering spire (shikara) and intricate stone carvings.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The temple complex covers a vast area and is enclosed by a high fortified wall.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rath_Yatra\"><\/span><strong>Rath Yatra:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The annual Rath Yatra, or Chariot Festival, of Puri is one of the most famous religious processions in the world.&nbsp;<\/li><li>During this festival, the deities are placed on grand chariots and pulled by thousands of devotees through the streets of Puri.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Rath Yatra attracts millions of pilgrims and tourists from all over India and abroad.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legend\"><\/span><strong>Legend:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>According to Hindu mythology, the Jagannath Temple was established over 2,000 years ago.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The temple has its own set of legends and stories, including the story of Lord Jagannath&#8217;s wooden idols and the construction of the temple by King Indradyumna.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Jagannath Temple is not just a place of worship but also an architectural marvel and a cultural landmark in India. It has a rich history, traditions, and rituals that make it a symbol of devotion and spirituality.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-politics\/jagannath-temples-treasure-room-why-has-it-not-been-opened-8991140\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dhordo_Gujarat\"><\/span><strong>Dhordo, Gujarat<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-1 Art and culture&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-8\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recently Dhordo has been honoured with the esteemed designation of <strong>&#8220;Best Tourism Village&#8221;<\/strong> by the <strong>United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This recognition was bestowed upon Dhordo <strong>during the UNWTO&#8217;s Best Tourism Village &#8211; 2023 award ceremony held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The village has gained popularity as a tourist destination due to its rich cultural heritage, artisanal crafts, and the renowned Rann Utsav.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The UNWTO bestows <strong>the &#8220;Best Tourism Village<\/strong>&#8221; title to villages that fulfil specific criteria:&nbsp;<ul><li>Promotion of sustainable tourism,&nbsp;<\/li><li>Preservation of local culture and heritage&nbsp;<\/li><li>Provision of a safe and hospitable environment for tourists&nbsp;<\/li><li>Offering of unique experiences to visitors.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Moreover, these villages are expected to possess a well-developed tourism infrastructure and demonstrate their commitment to responsible tourism practices.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/ahmedabad\/dhordo-in-gujarats-kutch-gets-best-tourism-village-title\/articleshow\/104639236.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TOI<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cyclone_Tej\"><\/span><strong>Cyclone Tej<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 and GS-1 Environment, Geography&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-9\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cyclone Tej, initially forming over the <strong>Arabian Sea, has now intensified into an extremely severe cyclonic storm.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Projections suggest a north-westward path with an expected landfall near Al Ghaidah in Yemen.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The name <strong>&#8216;Tej,&#8217; meaning &#8216;speed&#8217;<\/strong> in Hindi, was chosen by India.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a yellow alert for eight districts in Kerala, warning of heavy rains.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"IMD\"><\/span><strong>IMD<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Established in 1875, the IMD operates as an agency under the Ministry of Earth Sciences.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It utilizes a <strong>color-coded weather warning system to alert people<\/strong> in advance of severe or hazardous weather conditions that could lead to damage, widespread disruption, or pose a danger to life.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.financialexpress.com\/india-news\/cyclone-tej-and-cyclone-hamoon-india-braces-for-rare-twin-storms-know-meanings-origins-impact-areas-amp-more-bkg\/3284156\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>FE<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"South_China_Sea\"><\/span>South China Sea<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-10\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"580\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13670 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-1.jpeg 624w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-1-585x544.jpeg 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 624px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 624\/580;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Recently <\/strong>China and Philippines are involved in a dispute over a collision in south China sea, where Chinese vessels blocked Philippine boat supplying forces.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_the_South_China_Sea\"><\/span><strong>Significance of the South China Sea:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Strategic_Location\"><\/span>1. <strong>Strategic Location:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The South China Sea is strategically located, <strong>bordered by China, Taiwan, the Indo-Chinese peninsula, Indonesia<\/strong>, Brunei, and the Philippines.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It connects to the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea, making it a vital maritime crossroads.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Trade_Importance\"><\/span>2. <strong>Trade Importance:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2016, the South China Sea saw around <strong>USD 3.37 trillion in trade, making it a critical global trade route.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Approximately 80% of global trade by volume and 70% by value is transported by sea, with 60% passing through Asia and <strong>one-third through the South China Sea<\/strong>. China, as the world&#8217;s second-largest economy, relies heavily on this route, with 64% of its trade flowing through the region.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>India also <strong>depends on the area for about 55% of its trade<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Fishing_Ground\"><\/span>3. <strong>Fishing Ground:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The South China Sea is a rich fishing ground, providing livelihood and food security for millions of people in the region.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea\"><\/span><strong>Major Disputes in the South China Sea:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1Territorial_Claims\"><\/span>1.<strong>Territorial Claims:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The core of the South China Sea dispute revolves around territorial claims to islands, reefs, and their associated territorial waters.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Spratly Islands, Paracel Islands, Pratas, Natuna Islands, and Scarborough Shoal are among the key contested features.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan have competing claims, with various outposts established on these disputed features.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>China asserts up to 90% of the sea with its &#8220;nine-dash line&#8221; map.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Efforts_to_Resolve_the_Dispute\"><\/span>2. <strong>Efforts to Resolve the Dispute:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Efforts to address the dispute include talks for a Code of Conduct (CoC) between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), but progress has been slow.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Declaration on the Conduct of Parties (DoC) was adopted in 2002, reaffirming a commitment to peaceful dispute resolution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Arbitral proceedings initiated by the Philippines in 2013 led to a 2016 ruling against China&#8217;s &#8220;nine-dash line&#8221; claim by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, China rejected the arbitration ruling, asserting its sovereignty and historical rights.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The quest for a comprehensive resolution continues.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-167.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13667 lazyload\" width=\"961\" height=\"173\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-167.png 639w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/image-167-585x105.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 961px) 100vw, 961px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 961px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 961\/173;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/world\/china\/china-philippines-trade-accusations-over-collision-in-south-china-sea\/articleshow\/104625487.cms?from=mdr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TOI<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":13609,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[160,161,232,140],"class_list":["post-13605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs-upsc","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13605"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24270,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13605\/revisions\/24270"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}