{"id":14219,"date":"2023-10-31T07:17:20","date_gmt":"2023-10-31T07:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=14219"},"modified":"2024-01-31T12:39:54","modified_gmt":"2024-01-31T12:39:54","slug":"from-being-a-net-food-importer-in-the-1960s-india-has-emerged-as-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world-provide-reasons-10m-150-words","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/from-being-a-net-food-importer-in-the-1960s-india-has-emerged-as-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world-provide-reasons-10m-150-words\/","title":{"rendered":"From being a net food importer in the 1960s, India has emerged as a net food exporter to the world. Provide reasons.(10M, 150 words)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-gs-advance-and-mentorship-program-ampcsat?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Advanced\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>UPSC Mains General Studies Paper \u2013 1 Mains 2023<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-2023-gs-1-question-paper\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>UPSC Mains Civil Services IAS Exam Question Paper \u2013 2023<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a160b9b172a9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a160b9b172a9\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/from-being-a-net-food-importer-in-the-1960s-india-has-emerged-as-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world-provide-reasons-10m-150-words\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/from-being-a-net-food-importer-in-the-1960s-india-has-emerged-as-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world-provide-reasons-10m-150-words\/#Body\" title=\"Body&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Body&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/from-being-a-net-food-importer-in-the-1960s-india-has-emerged-as-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world-provide-reasons-10m-150-words\/#Challenges\" title=\"Challenges&nbsp;\">Challenges&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/from-being-a-net-food-importer-in-the-1960s-india-has-emerged-as-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world-provide-reasons-10m-150-words\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Conclusion&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/from-being-a-net-food-importer-in-the-1960s-india-has-emerged-as-a-net-food-exporter-to-the-world-provide-reasons-10m-150-words\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_8792740517\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 8792740517.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 8792740517.&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India, previously reliant on food imports and aid, has undergone a remarkable shift, emerging as a significant agricultural exporter. This transformation has been achieved through continuous improvements in irrigation, infrastructure, diversification of crops, favorable policies, and proactive export promotion strategies over the years. As a result of these efforts, India has established itself as a prominent player in the global agricultural export market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the 1960s, around 75% of the Indian population was dependent on agriculture yielding meagre productivity. Wheat imports amounted to 10-11 million tons, including the import of PL-480 substandard wheat type from the USA in a ship to mouth situation. Presently, India is among the top ten exporters of agricultural products in the world with a total production increase from 51mT (1951-52) to 342 MT (2021-22).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Body\"><\/span>Body&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The reasons for this change of status from \u2018net importer\u2019 to \u2018net exporter\u2019 are multiple-<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Green Revolution<\/strong>: The <strong>Green Revolution<\/strong>, initiated in the 1960s, introduced high-yielding crop varieties (phase1- wheat, phase2- rice), <strong>modern<\/strong> farming techniques, and increased use of <strong>fertilizers and irrigation<\/strong>. This led to significant increases in agricultural productivity.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Financial support<\/strong>: Government measures in providing <strong>low cost credit via NABARD<\/strong> and <strong>insurance and social security<\/strong> schemes through regional rural banks provided a safety net to relatively poor Indian farmers to invest in agriculture.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Operation Flood: <\/strong>launched by NDDB in 1960, aimed at sustaining the dairy industry economically while providing employment to poor farmers. Increased milk production augmented rural Incomes and ushered in the era of milk cooperatives like- Amul, Saras, etc. Presently, India is the largest producer of milk, with nearly 24% of global milk production.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Economic reforms <\/strong>and ease of doing business-<strong>1990s reforms<\/strong> opened up India\u2019s economy. Steps like <strong>formation of APEDA<\/strong> allowed for greater private sector participation in agriculture and exports. The present initiatives through APEDA, B2B exhibitions have also facilitated in exploring potential export markets.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Crop Diversification<\/strong>: In India, the Green Revolution led to diversification beyond traditional grains. For instance, Punjab, known for wheat and rice, diversified into cotton cultivation, contributing significantly to cotton production and exports.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Government Support:<\/strong> The Indian government&#8217;s Minimum Support Price (MSP) program ensures a guaranteed price for crops like wheat and paddy, providing price stability and encouraging farmers to produce more. This support has increased food production and exports.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Technological Progress:<\/strong> India&#8217;s adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties revolutionized the cotton sector. Bt cotton, engineered to resist pests, has made India one of the world&#8217;s largest cotton producers and exporters.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Trade Liberalization:<\/strong> India&#8217;s participation in trade agreements like the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) has opened up markets for products such as basmati rice, spices, and seafood, resulting in increased exports of these commodities to various countries.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table aligncenter is-style-stripes\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Note<\/strong><br>Largest producer &#8211; milk, pulses and jute<br>Second largest producer- sugarcane, groundnut, vegetables, fruit and cotton&nbsp;<br>Leading producers &#8211; spices (turmeric in pharmaceuticals), fish, poultry, livestock and plantation crops.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br><strong>CASE STUDY&nbsp;<\/strong><br>India &#8211; the largest producer of millets (the recent push on millets in the international year of millets).&nbsp;<br>Benefits &#8211; rich in dietary fiber&#8217;s, climate resilient crops, minimal water requirements.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges\"><\/span>Challenges&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sustainability:<\/strong> Intensive farming practices and the excessive use of chemicals raise concerns about soil health and environmental sustainability.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Climate Change:<\/strong> Erratic weather patterns and the impact of climate change pose risks to crop production and food security.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Smallholder Farmers:<\/strong> Many smallholder farmers still face challenges in accessing credit, technology, and markets, limiting their ability to participate in the export market.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Infrastructure:<\/strong> Insufficient storage and transportation infrastructure can lead to post-harvest losses and affect the quality of exported goods.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Agriculture in India has achieved grain self-sufficiency but the production is resource intensive, cereal centric and regionally biased. The recent FAO report that about 74% of the Indian population are unable to afford a healthy diet. The data points to the dire need of a 2nd green revolution driven by an agenda of ensuring permanent access to healthy diet at affordable cost.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_8792740517\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 8792740517.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources, <a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> <\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> <\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a> <\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India, previously reliant on food imports and aid, has undergone a remarkable shift, emerging as a significant agricultural exporter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":14236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1401],"tags":[186,142,232,145],"class_list":["post-14219","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-mains-solved-paper-gs-1","tag-general-studies-1","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-mains-question-paper"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14219","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14219"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24592,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14219\/revisions\/24592"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}