{"id":14501,"date":"2023-11-02T12:04:06","date_gmt":"2023-11-02T12:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=14501"},"modified":"2023-11-02T12:04:11","modified_gmt":"2023-11-02T12:04:11","slug":"upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Daily Current Affairs &#8211; 04th September 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/current-affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png\" alt=\"UPSC Current Affairs Daily Quiz - Edukemy\" class=\"wp-image-14085\" width=\"780\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination. Our focus today includes a critical analysis of recent policy changes, international affairs, and national developments, all of which play a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic landscape of India. Stay informed and stay ahead in your UPSC preparations with our daily current affairs updates, as we provide you with concise, well-researched insights to help you connect the dots between contemporary events and the broader canvas of the civil services syllabus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d73674cbcfb\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d73674cbcfb\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Use_of_Technology_in_Agriculture\" title=\"Use of Technology in Agriculture&nbsp;\">Use of Technology in Agriculture&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#In_News\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About\" title=\"About&nbsp;\">About&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Digital_agriculture_Include\" title=\"Digital agriculture Include:&nbsp;\">Digital agriculture Include:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Benefits_of_Digital_Agriculture\" title=\"Benefits of Digital Agriculture:&nbsp;\">Benefits of Digital Agriculture:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Government_Initiative\" title=\"Government Initiative:&nbsp;\">Government Initiative:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Fali_S_Nariman_on_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\" title=\"Fali S Nariman on Basic Structure Doctrine&nbsp;\">Fali S Nariman on Basic Structure Doctrine&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_News\" title=\"Why in News:\">Why in News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Basic_Structure_Doctrine\" title=\"Basic Structure Doctrine:&nbsp;\">Basic Structure Doctrine:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Evolution_of_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\" title=\"Evolution of Basic Structure Doctrine:\u00a0\">Evolution of Basic Structure Doctrine:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Upholding_the_Basic_Structure_Doctrine_over_the_time\" title=\"Upholding the Basic Structure Doctrine over the time:&nbsp;\">Upholding the Basic Structure Doctrine over the time:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Significance_of_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\" title=\"Significance of Basic Structure Doctrine:&nbsp;\">Significance of Basic Structure Doctrine:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Criticism_of_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\" title=\"Criticism of Basic Structure Doctrine:&nbsp;\">Criticism of Basic Structure Doctrine:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#First_UN_guidance_on_Childrens_Rights_and_Environment\" title=\"First UN guidance on Children\u2019s Rights and Environment&nbsp;\">First UN guidance on Children\u2019s Rights and Environment&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_News-2\" title=\"Why in News:\">Why in News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Key_Highlights_of_UN_Guidelines_on_Childrens_Rights_and_the_Environment\" title=\"Key Highlights of UN Guidelines on Children\u2019s Rights and the Environment:&nbsp;\">Key Highlights of UN Guidelines on Children\u2019s Rights and the Environment:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Need_for_the_UN_Guidelines_on_Childrens_Rights_and_the_Environment\" title=\"Need for the UN Guidelines on Children\u2019s Rights and the Environment:&nbsp;\">Need for the UN Guidelines on Children\u2019s Rights and the Environment:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Minority_Scholarship_Scheme_Scam\" title=\"Minority Scholarship Scheme Scam&nbsp;\">Minority Scholarship Scheme Scam&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#In_News-2\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About_Minority_scholarship_scheme_scam\" title=\"About Minority scholarship scheme scam:&nbsp;\">About Minority scholarship scheme scam:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#%E2%80%98Self-respect_marriages\" title=\"\u2018Self-respect\u2019 marriages&nbsp;\">\u2018Self-respect\u2019 marriages&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#In_News-3\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About_%E2%80%98Self-Respect_Marriages\" title=\"About &#8216;Self-Respect&#8217; Marriages:&nbsp;\">About &#8216;Self-Respect&#8217; Marriages:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Mysteries_of_the_Y_chromosome\" title=\"Mysteries of the Y chromosome&nbsp;\">Mysteries of the Y chromosome&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#In_News-4\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About_the_Chromosomes\" title=\"About the Chromosomes:\u00a0\">About the Chromosomes:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Major_findings_about_the_Y-Chromosomes\" title=\"Major findings about the Y-Chromosomes:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Major findings about the Y-Chromosomes:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Flora_Fauna_and_%E2%80%98Funga\" title=\"Flora Fauna and \u2018Funga\u2019&nbsp;\">Flora Fauna and \u2018Funga\u2019&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#In_News-5\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About_Fungi\" title=\"About Fungi:\u00a0\">About Fungi:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Significance_of_Fungi\" title=\"Significance of Fungi:&nbsp;\">Significance of Fungi:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#%E2%80%9CRAISE%E2%80%9D_for_Business\" title=\"\u201cRAISE\u201d for Business&nbsp;\">\u201cRAISE\u201d for Business&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_news\" title=\"Why in news?\">Why in news?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About-2\" title=\"About:&nbsp;\">About:&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Background\" title=\"Background:&nbsp;\">Background:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#B20_Summit_India_2023\" title=\"B20 Summit India 2023:&nbsp;\">B20 Summit India 2023:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Key_Points\" title=\"Key Points:&nbsp;\">Key Points:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Emperor_Penguin\" title=\"Emperor Penguin&nbsp;\">Emperor Penguin&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_news-2\" title=\"Why in news?\">Why in news?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About-3\" title=\"About:\u00a0\">About:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#More_Information\" title=\"More Information:&nbsp;\">More Information:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#BRIGHT_STAR-23\" title=\"BRIGHT STAR-23\u00a0\">BRIGHT STAR-23\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_news-3\" title=\"Why in news?\">Why in news?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About-4\" title=\"About:\u00a0\">About:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Other_exercises_between_India_and_Egypt\" title=\"Other exercises between India and Egypt:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Other exercises between India and Egypt:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Also_in_the_News\" title=\"Also in the News:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Also in the News:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Magic_rice\" title=\"Magic rice&nbsp;\">Magic rice&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_news-4\" title=\"Why in news?\">Why in news?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About-5\" title=\"About:\u00a0\">About:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Nabhmitra\" title=\"Nabhmitra&nbsp;\">Nabhmitra&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_news-5\" title=\"Why in news?\">Why in news?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About-6\" title=\"About:\u00a0\">About:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Pragyan_rover_confirms_sulphur\" title=\"Pragyan rover confirms sulphur&nbsp;\">Pragyan rover confirms sulphur&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Why_in_news-6\" title=\"Why in news?\">Why in news?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#About-7\" title=\"About:&nbsp;\">About:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Laser-Induced_Breakdown_Spectroscopy_LIBS\" title=\"Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are daily current affairs?\">Q: What are daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?\">Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\" title=\"Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?\">Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\" title=\"Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?\">Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?\">Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-04th-september-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Use_of_Technology_in_Agriculture\"><\/span><strong>Use of Technology in Agriculture<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Science and Technology, Agriculture\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>G20 to support digital agriculture ecosystem.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About\"><\/span><strong>About<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Digital Agriculture encompasses the <strong>utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)<\/strong> and data ecosystems to deliver timely and tailored information and services, aimed at improving the profitability, sustainability, and efficiency of agricultural practices.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Digital_agriculture_Include\"><\/span><strong>Digital agriculture Include:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Agricultural Biotechnology: <\/strong>Such as the creation of microorganisms for precise agricultural applications.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Precision Agriculture (PA):<\/strong> Relies on ICT to optimize the allocation of resources.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Digital and Wireless Technologies: <\/strong>Including systems for monitoring weather, robotics, drones, and various wireless devices.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"588\" height=\"400\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-39.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14509 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-39.png 588w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-39-585x398.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 588px) 100vw, 588px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 588px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 588\/400;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Benefits_of_Digital_Agriculture\"><\/span><strong>Benefits of Digital Agriculture:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Enhances agricultural productivity:<\/strong> Leveraging digital tools and data-driven insights can result in i<strong>mproved crop management,<\/strong> ultimately optimizing yields and overall production.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Mitigates soil degradation:<\/strong> Precision <strong>farming techniques have the potential to reduce soil erosion <\/strong>and nutrient loss, safeguarding the health of the soil.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Reduces chemical usage in crop production:<\/strong> By precisely applying inputs like fertilizers and pesticides, digital agriculture can minimize its environmental footprint.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Optimizes water resource utilization:<\/strong> Digital sensors and data play a crucial role in precise irrigation, reducing water wastage and enhancing overall water efficiency.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Promotes modern farming practices:<\/strong> The dissemination of information through digital platforms empowers farmers to adopt cutting-edge practices and innovations.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Elevates the socio-economic status of farmers:<\/strong> Enhanced productivity and reduced costs can lead to improved income and livelihoods for farmers, positively impacting their socio-economic well-being.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"494\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-40.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14510 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-40.png 602w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-40-585x480.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/494;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Initiative\"><\/span><strong>Government Initiative:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>AgriStack:<\/strong> An assemblage of t<strong>echnology-driven intervention<\/strong>s in agriculture designed to <strong>offer comprehensive services<\/strong> throughout the entire agricultural and food value chain.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Support for Startups: <\/strong>India currently boasts a thriving ecosystem of <strong>more than 1,000 agri-tech startups that play a pivotal role <\/strong>in providing inventive solutions to address various challenges within the agricultural value chain.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Digital Agriculture Mission: <\/strong>A government initiative focused on implementing projects utilizing cutting-edge technologies such as <strong>AI, blockchain, remote sensing, drones, and robots to propel advancements<\/strong> in the field of agriculture.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Unified Farmer Service Platform (UFSP): <\/strong>A platform that facilitates seamless interoperability among <strong>information technology systems within the agriculture sector<\/strong>, thereby enhancing the delivery of services to farmers.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>National e-Governance Plan in Agriculture (NeGPA): <\/strong>A program leveraging information and communication technology to provide <strong>timely access to agriculture-related information, including platforms like Farmers Portal<\/strong> and mkisan, which offer valuable advisories and support.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Strengthening\/Promoting Agricultural Information System (AGRISNET):<\/strong> A scheme aimed at bolstering the <strong>IT infrastructure of the Agriculture Department<\/strong> and improving information dissemination through platforms such as mkisan.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"503\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-41.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14511 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-41.png 602w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-41-585x489.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/503;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortuneindia.com\/macro\/g20-to-support-digital-agriculture-ecosystem-amitabh-kant-g20-sherpa\/113889#:~:text=G20%20member%20countries%2C%20being%20major,says%20Amitabh%20Kant%2C%20G20%20Sherpa.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fortune India<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fali_S_Nariman_on_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\"><\/span><strong>Fali S Nariman on Basic Structure Doctrine<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags:<\/strong> GS \u2013 2: Indian Polity (Basic Structure Doctrine)\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_News\"><\/span><strong>Why in News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>It was only in Kesavananda Bharati case (April 1973), that by a narrow majority of 7:6, in a bench decision of 13 judges, the basic structure doctrine was propounded and since then the basic structure doctrine has not been debated.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Basic_Structure_Doctrine\"><\/span><strong>Basic Structure Doctrine:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The doctrine of basic structure is a <strong>judicial innovation<\/strong> that puts a limitation on the amending powers of the Parliament.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The doctrine was propounded by the Supreme Court in <strong>Keshavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973)<\/strong> and its objective is <strong>to ensure that the basic features of the Constitution remain unaltered and to preserve the core identity of the Constitution<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It was Influenced by German expert <strong>Dietrich Conrad\u2019s 1965 speech<\/strong>, emphasizing that a constitution\u2019s foundational pillars shouldn\u2019t be modified by the governing entity.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evolution_of_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\"><\/span><strong>Evolution of Basic Structure Doctrine:<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"593\" height=\"357\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-42.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14512 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-42.png 593w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-42-585x352.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 593px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 593\/357;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Upholding_the_Basic_Structure_Doctrine_over_the_time\"><\/span><strong>Upholding the Basic Structure Doctrine over the time:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1973:<\/strong> <strong>Kesavananda Bharati case<\/strong> introduces basic structure doctrine in a bench decision of 13 judges.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>1975:<\/strong> Union of India seeks reconsideration of the doctrine; a bench of 13 judges convened in November. The bench dissolved without decision, indicating continued adherence to the doctrine.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>1975:<\/strong> Constitution <strong>39th Amendment passed<\/strong>, including Article 329A (4) attempting to validate Indira Gandhi\u2019s election.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>1975: <\/strong>Supreme Court declares <strong>Article 329A (4) unconstitutional and void<\/strong>, reinforcing the doctrine\u2019s principles.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>1978:<\/strong> Constitution <strong>44th Amendment Act abolishes remaining clauses of Article 329A<\/strong>, cementing the doctrine\u2019s foundation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>1980:<\/strong> <strong>Minerva Mills vs. Union of India case<\/strong> reaffirms the basic structure doctrine in a Constitution Bench decision of five judges.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>2007:<\/strong> <strong>IR Coelho vs. State of Tamil Nadu<\/strong> reaffirms the doctrine in a bench decision of nine judges.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\"><\/span><strong>Significance of Basic Structure Doctrine:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>Chief Justice of India D. Y. Chandrachud<\/strong> called Basic Structure Doctrine a <strong>North Star<\/strong>. This is because it guides and gives directions to law-makers, implementers and interpreters.\u00a0<\/li><li>It prevents damage to the Constitution by ruling the majority\u2019s brute majority.\u00a0<\/li><li>It limits constituent power to avoid totalitarian regimes.\u00a0<\/li><li>It maintains founders\u2019 meticulously framed principles.\u00a0<\/li><li>It ensures independent Judiciary, and separation of powers.\u00a0<\/li><li>It allows adaptation over time, unlike rigid past judgments.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Criticism_of_Basic_Structure_Doctrine\"><\/span><strong>Criticism of Basic Structure Doctrine:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It is <strong>not found in the text of the original Constitution<\/strong> itself and therefore by inventing this test the judiciary is encroaching on the Parliament\u2019s powers.\u00a0<\/li><li>The <strong>power of \u201cunelected judges\u201d<\/strong> to strike down amendments to the Constitution on the basis of this doctrine is \u201canti-democratic and counter-majoritarian.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/columns\/fali-s-nariman-writes-why-we-need-basic-structure-8915239\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"First_UN_guidance_on_Childrens_Rights_and_Environment\"><\/span><strong>First UN guidance on Children\u2019s Rights and Environment<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>GS \u2013 2: Social Justice (Welfare Schemes for vulnerable sections)\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_News-2\"><\/span><strong>Why in News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In a recent directive called General Comment No. 26, the United Nations officially acknowledged and reinforced the rights of children to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Highlights_of_UN_Guidelines_on_Childrens_Rights_and_the_Environment\"><\/span><strong>Key Highlights of UN Guidelines on Children\u2019s Rights and the Environment:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Protection against environmental damages:<\/strong> The UN member states have to take measures to protect children harms caused by environmental degradation and climate change.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Energy transition:<\/strong> Nations have been urged to equitably phase out the use of coal, oil and natural gas. Ensure a fair and just transition of energy sources and invest in renewable energy, energy storage and energy efficiency to address the climate crisis.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Inclusive early warning systems:<\/strong> Priority of all nations to establish them to protect children from impacts of the extreme weather events.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Grants for children rights:<\/strong> Developed countries have been urged to offer grants instead of loans to address issues affecting children\u2019s rights.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Effective Emissions reductions:<\/strong> The nations have been asked to prioritize emissions reductions to support children\u2019s full enjoyment of their rights in the shortest possible period of time and to avoid irreversible damage to nature. According to UNICEF estimates, reducing carbon emissions can prevent 4,000 to 6,000 child deaths due to heat in Africa every year.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Mitigating climate change-induced migration:<\/strong> Adaptation frameworks should address climate change-induced displacement and include provisions for ensuring a child rights-based approach to these issues. In 2022, extreme weather events around the world displaced at least 12 million children.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_for_the_UN_Guidelines_on_Childrens_Rights_and_the_Environment\"><\/span><strong>Need for the UN Guidelines on Children\u2019s Rights and the Environment:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As per <strong>WHO-UNICEF-Lancet 2020 report<\/strong>, the future of children around the world, including India, is being threatened by environmental degradation and climate change.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Water crisis:<\/strong> Approximately 415 million children are living in areas of high or extremely high-water vulnerability. In these regions, risks of drought, groundwater table decline, water stress, annual and inter-annual seasonal variability intersect with low levels of access to water services.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Health crisis:<\/strong> Children are particularly vulnerable to extreme heat waves, as they have a reduced capacity to regulate their body temperature and protect themselves. Nearly 90 per cent of the global burden of disease associated with climate change is borne by children under five.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Nutrition crisis:<\/strong> With increasing frequency and severity of droughts, floods and severe weather, food security gets compromised threatening the nutrition of children. According to UN estimates, by 2030, climate change is expected to generate 95,000 more deaths of children under five years of age each year due to malnutrition.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Education crisis:<\/strong> Climate change and environmental degradation affects children\u2019s ability to go to school, through its impact on health and well-being of both students as well as teachers.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Social protection crisis: <\/strong>Climate change strains the systems to accommodate the needs of the most vulnerable.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Climate-related migration:<\/strong>\u00a0 The 2020 Global Trends report by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) revealed that out of the 79.5 million people displaced by the end of 2019, around 30-34 million were children.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source:  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/climate-change\/first-of-its-kind-un-guidance-calls-for-climate-action-by-states-to-protect-children-s-rights-91433#:~:text=Published%3A%20Tuesday%2029%20August%202023&amp;text=For%20the%20first%20time%2C%20the,special%20focus%20on%20climate%20change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Down To Earth<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Minority_Scholarship_Scheme_Scam\"><\/span><strong>Minority Scholarship Scheme Scam<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-II: Corruption<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-2\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Central Bureau of Investigation<\/strong> (CBI) Registers FIR: Minority Scholarship &#8216;Scam&#8217; Causing Rs 144 Crore Loss\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Minority_scholarship_scheme_scam\"><\/span><strong>About Minority scholarship scheme scam<\/strong>:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The CBI on findings of National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) has recently registered an FIR related to a minority scholarship &#8216;scam\u2019 involving <strong>830 &#8220;fake&#8221; institutions.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>These institutions were benefiting from the Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme<\/strong>, resulting in a loss of over Rs 144 crore to the <strong>Ministry of Minority Affairs<\/strong> between 2017-18 and 2021-22.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Key findings<\/strong>:\u00a0<ul><li>The scholarship focuses on the <strong>Pre-Matric Scholarship Scheme<\/strong> for minority students with annual family income below Rs 1 lakh.\u00a0<\/li><li>Scholarships are <strong>awarded in two tiers<\/strong> viz., <strong>Class 1 to 5 students <\/strong>receiving Rs 1,000 per year, while Class <strong>6 to 10 students<\/strong> receiving Rs 10,700 (hostellers) or Rs 5,700 (day scholars).\u00a0<\/li><li>Investigation has <strong>exposed collusion involving brokers, bank correspondents, school staff,<\/strong> and state government employees.\u00a0<\/li><li>The losses have been <strong>calculated for the period with &#8220;clean digitized data on NSP,&#8221; <\/strong>but applicants from these institutions may have availed scholarships in earlier years.\u00a0<\/li><li>The findings highlight the <strong>misuse of the National Scholarship Portal (NSP) and the Public Finance Management System (PFMS)<\/strong> leading to fraud and corruption in scholarship distribution.\u00a0<\/li><li>Common irregularities included <strong>non-operational institutions benefiting from the scheme, fake beneficiaries, and manipulation <\/strong>of UDISE details.\u00a0<\/li><li>In Bihar cybercaf\u00e9 owners listed as INOs have likely <strong>submitted fake applications for coaching center<\/strong> students.\u00a0<\/li><li>Some schools in Madhya Pradesh reported <strong>registrations for students beyond Class 7<\/strong>, even though they were not recognized after that grade.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Overall, the scholarship scam <strong>serves as a stark reminder of the challenges<\/strong> and the <strong>need for safeguarding public resources<\/strong> beside <strong>continuous vigilance to prevent such incidents <\/strong>in the future.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/cbi-fir-what-is-minority-scholarship-scam-8916489\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%98Self-respect_marriages\"><\/span><strong>\u2018Self-respect\u2019 marriages<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-II: Government policies<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-3\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Overview of the Supreme Court&#8217;s order on the validity of &#8216;Self-Respect&#8217; Marriages\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_%E2%80%98Self-Respect_Marriages\"><\/span><strong>About &#8216;Self-Respect&#8217; Marriages:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Supreme Court has recently clarified that there is <strong>no blanket ban on advocates solemnizing &#8216;self-respect&#8217; marriages<\/strong> under Section 7(A) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955.\u00a0<\/li><li>The aim was to <strong>simplify weddings, allowing declarations<\/strong> in the presence of friends or family, and eliminating traditional ceremonial requirements.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Key features<\/strong>:\u00a0<ul><li>&#8216;Self-respect&#8217; marriages, also known as <strong>&#8220;suyamariyathai&#8221; or &#8220;seerthiruththa marriage,&#8221;<\/strong> are solemnized <strong>between two Hindus.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Amendment to Hindu Marriage Act in Tamil Nadu in 1968 introduced Section 7-A<\/strong>, recognizing &#8220;self-respect and secular marriages.&#8221;\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Section 7-A<\/strong> allows marriages in the presence of relatives or friends, <strong>with a simple ceremony like exchanging garlands or rings.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>Under these marriages, the willing parties <strong>declare each other as husband and wife using a language understood by them.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>It legally acknowledges marriages between Hindus conducted <strong>without the need for priests, holy fire, or rituals<\/strong> and <strong>requires registration<\/strong> as per the law.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Previously, in 2014 <strong>Madras High Court deemed such marriages invalid<\/strong> and stated that they couldn&#8217;t be conducted in secrecy and declared such marriages conducted by advocates as invalid.\u00a0<\/li><li>Overall, the recent Supreme Court clarification <strong>affirms the legality of &#8216;self-respect&#8217; marriages<\/strong> under the Hindu Marriage Act and <strong>upholds the principles<\/strong> <strong>of personal choice<\/strong> in marriage ceremonies.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-law\/self-respect-marriages-supreme-court-8914350\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mysteries_of_the_Y_chromosome\"><\/span><strong>Mysteries of the Y chromosome<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS-3 Biotechnology\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-4\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists have finally decoded one of the <strong>smallest chromosomes in humans, the male sex chromosome (Y- Chromosome)<\/strong>, 20 years after the first draft of its DNA code was published. The work reveals a complete catalogue of the genes in the male sex chromosome and how they&#8217;re organised.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/81a26144-3f6f-486a-9945-5b0b93de4c0c\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_Chromosomes\"><\/span><strong>About the Chromosomes<\/strong>:\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into <strong>thread-like structures called chromosomes<\/strong>. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called <strong>histones<\/strong> that support its structure.&nbsp;<\/li><li>DNA is a long molecule that contains our <strong>unique genetic code<\/strong>. DNA is composed of two strands that wrap around each other to form a double helix shape.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Humans have <strong>22 pairs of numbered chromosomes (autosomes)<\/strong> and 1 pair of <strong>sex chromosomes (XX or XY)<\/strong>. Each pair contains two chromosomes, one coming from each parent, i.e. half of the children\u2019 chromosomes are from their mother and a half from their father.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_findings_about_the_Y-Chromosomes\"><\/span><strong>Major findings about the Y-Chromosomes:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The findings show that the Y chromosome evolved to have <strong>extensive variation in its size and structure<\/strong> among individuals. \u202f&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Y chromosome is important for the <strong>development of male sex characteristics<\/strong>. It carries the <strong>sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene<\/strong>, which codes for a protein that promotes the development of the testicles and blocks the development of female organs such as uterus and fallopian tubes.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Y-Chromosome contains <strong>62,460,029 base pairs of DNA.<\/strong> It is 30 million more than the most current reference genome.&nbsp;<\/li><li>They also identified <strong>41 new protein-coding genes<\/strong> and provided insight into noncoding regions known as <strong>satellite DNA<\/strong>, which don&#8217;t carry blueprints for proteins.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The team explained that the Y chromosome contains the largest block of condensed, noncoding DNA known as <strong>heterochromatin<\/strong>. This region is made up mainly of <strong>two repetitive DNA sequences<\/strong>, appearing in the same 1-to-1 ratio throughout the terms of the number of times they were found in the chromosome.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Assembling complete sequences of 43 Y chromosomes across space and time not only helps in investigating sex chromosome\u2019s evolution but also <strong>human evolution more generally.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livescience.com\/health\/genetics\/the-human-y-chromosome-has-finally-been-fully-sequenced-20-years-after-the-1st-draft#:~:text=Scientists%20have%20finally%20filled%20the%20gaps%20in%20the,be%20fully%20sequenced%20%E2%80%94%20and%20how%20they%27re%20organized\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">LiveScience\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Flora_Fauna_and_%E2%80%98Funga\"><\/span><strong>Flora Fauna and \u2018Funga\u2019<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: GS-3<\/strong> Environmental Conservation\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-5\"><\/span><strong>In News<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>United Nations Biodiversity has urged people globally to use the word <strong>\u2018funga\u2019<\/strong> whenever they say \u2018flora and fauna\u2019, in order to highlight the importance of fungi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/fed77d89-ba5e-4023-a734-d17d04390419\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Fungi\"><\/span><strong>About Fungi:<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Fungi<\/strong>, along with Animalia (animals), Plantae (plants), Protista, Archaea\/Archaebacteria, and Bacteria or Eubacteria form the six \u2018kingdoms\u2019 of biology.&nbsp;<\/li><li>They are a very diverse group of <strong>eukaryotic organisms <\/strong>encompassing a wide range of life forms, from single celled to very complex multicellular organisms. They can be microscopic or macroscopic.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Two years ago, the <strong>Species Survival Commission (SSC) of IUCN<\/strong> announced that it would use \u201cmycologically inclusive\u201d language in its internal and public-facing communications <strong>i.e. \u201cfauna, flora and funga\u201d<\/strong> to incorporate fungi in conservation strategies with rare and endangered plants and animals.&nbsp;<\/li><li>UN Biodiversity urged that fungi needs to be <strong>protected on an equal footing with animals and plants<\/strong> in legal conservation frameworks&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_of_Fungi\"><\/span><strong>Significance of Fungi:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nutrient Cycling:<\/strong> Fungi have the ability to transform nutrients in a way that makes them available for plants. They can also propel nitrogen fixation and phosphorus mobilisation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Carbon Cycling:<\/strong> Fungi are important contributors to the soil carbon stock. They play a major part in the carbon cycle through the soil food web.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Soil Carbon sequestration:<\/strong> Together, plants and fungi capture carbon from the atmosphere and store it into the soil for decades. This process not only improves soil fertility but also reduces the excess carbon released by humans into the atmosphere.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Nutrition and food security<\/strong>: Edible mushrooms are fungi, which are rich in nutrients such as vitamin B, C and D, fibre, minerals including potassium, phosphorus, calcium and they are also a good source of protein.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Human Health<\/strong>: Fungi also provide health benefits for humans. 6% of edible mushrooms possess medicinal properties, which can help prevent diseases and boost our immune system.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Environmental protection<\/strong>: Fungi also helps to degrade various pollutants from the environment, such as plastic and other petroleum-based products, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, and oil.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source:: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/wildlife-biodiversity\/funga-un-wants-us-all-to-say-it-along-with-flora-fauna-91440#:~:text=United%20Nations%20Biodiversity%20has%20urged,six%20'kingdoms'%20of%20biology.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Down To Earth\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E2%80%9CRAISE%E2%80%9D_for_Business\"><\/span><strong>\u201cRAISE\u201d for Business<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>GS \u2013 2 Government Policies &amp; Interventions\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news\"><\/span><strong>Why in news? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi addressed the B20 Summit India 2023 in New Delhi.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-2\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span><strong>Background:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Business 20 (B20) is <strong>the official G20 dialogue forum with the global business community.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Established in 2010<\/strong>, B20 is among the <strong>most prominent Engagement Groups in G20<\/strong>, with companies and business organizations as participants.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The B20 works to <strong>deliver concrete actionable policy recommendations to spur economic growth and development.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B20_Summit_India_2023\"><\/span><strong>B20 Summit India 2023:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The B20 Summit India is a <strong>platform for policymakers, business leaders, and experts to discuss policy recommendations for G20.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>Its <strong>theme is R.A.I.S.E \u2013 Responsible, Accelerated, Innovative, Sustainable and Equitable Businesses.<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>R- Emphasizes the need for businesses to act responsibly and consider their impact on society and the environment.\u00a0<\/li><li>A- Refers to the need for businesses to drive economic growth and development through rapid progress and innovation.\u00a0<\/li><li>I- Highlights the importance of innovation in business strategies to adapt to changing global dynamics.\u00a0<\/li><li>S- Advocates for businesses to adopt practices that ensure long-term sustainability for both the economy and the planet.\u00a0<\/li><li>E- Focuses on promoting fairness and inclusiveness in business practices, ensuring benefits are shared widely.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Points\"><\/span><strong>Key Points:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>PM said it is about <strong>humanity,<\/strong> and about \u2018<strong>One Earth, One Family and One Future\u2019.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>The PM also proposed <strong>the idea of an \u201cInternational Consumer Care Day<\/strong>\u201d to strengthen trust between businesses and consumers.\u00a0<\/li><li>The Prime Minister emphasized India\u2019s role in <strong>creating a trusted global supply chain and promoting sustainability.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>He called for businesses to <strong>go beyond profit and focus on supply chain resilience and sustainability.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1952658#:~:text=The%20three%20day%20summit%20is,delegates%20from%20about%2055%20countries.&amp;text=Our%20space%20agency%20%40isro%20has,success%20of%20Chandrayaan%2D3%20mission.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PIB Gov.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Emperor_Penguin\"><\/span><strong>Emperor Penguin<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>GS \u2013 3 Environment, Conservation\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news-2\"><\/span><strong>Why in news? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to a new study, up to 10,000 emperor penguin chicks across four colonies in Antarctica\u2019s Bellingshausen Sea may have died as the sea ice underneath their breeding grounds melted and broke apart in late 2022.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/b8c75958-7e3f-4b87-80b2-ce35d47d54fe\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-3\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The emperor penguin is the <strong>tallest and heaviest of all living penguin species<\/strong> and is <strong>endemic to Antarctica<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Scientific Name: Aptenodytes forsteri.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Like all penguins, <strong>it is flightless.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>Its diet consists primarily of <strong>fish but also includes crustaceans.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>While hunting, the species can remain <strong>submerged for around 20 minutes.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is the <strong>only penguin species that breeds during the Antarctic winter.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>lifespan is typically 20 years in the wild<\/strong>, although observations suggest that some individuals may live to 50 years of age.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is the <strong>largest member of the penguin order (Sphenisciformes<\/strong>).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They spend their <strong>entire lives on Antarctic ice and in its waters<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>They have <strong>a gray back, white belly, <\/strong>and<strong> orange markings behind their eyes<\/strong> <strong>and at<\/strong> <strong>the top of their chest.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>IUCN status<\/strong>:<strong> <\/strong>Near threatened.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_Information\"><\/span><strong>More Information:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Emperor penguins\u2019 breeding cycle heavily relies on stable sea ice<\/strong>, where <strong>they spend their entire breeding cycle.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>The sea ice, present from April to December, provides the necessary platform for their breeding and fledging activities (the stage in the development of young birds when they acquire the feathers and abilities necessary for flight).\u00a0<\/li><li>As a result of <strong>the loss of sea ice, the penguin chicks were unable to develop their waterproof adult wings <\/strong>and <strong>regulate their body temperature<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>This led to their vulnerability to drowning or freezing to death.\u00a0<\/li><li>This <strong>incident marked the first recorded instance<\/strong> of <strong>widespread breeding failure of emperor penguins<\/strong> across multiple colonies due to sea ice loss.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Penguins\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Penguins are a group of <strong>aquatic flightless birds<\/strong>. They live almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere, with only one species, the <strong>Galapagos penguin,<\/strong> found north of the equator.&nbsp;Every year the 25th of April is observed as <strong>World Penguin Day.<\/strong>&nbsp;Penguins employ physiological adaptations and cooperative behaviors in order to deal with an incredibly harsh environment.&nbsp;Penguins are<strong> divided into six genera.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-climate\/emperor-penguins-chicks-die-antarctica-8912851\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Indian Express<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"BRIGHT_STAR-23\"><\/span><strong>BRIGHT STAR-23<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>GS \u20133 Defence\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news-3\"><\/span><strong>Why in news? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An Indian Air Force (IAF) contingent is participating in Exercise BRIGHT STAR-23, a multilateral, tri-service exercise hosted biennially at Cairo (West) Air Base, Egypt.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-4\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/33712a9b-8b2c-4cf4-8e18-4bf005e6e7dc\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Exercise BRIGHT STAR is <strong>a biennial multilateral tri-service exercise<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li><li>This multinational exercise <strong>was launched in 1980 as part of the US-brokered peace treaty between Egypt and Israel.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>This marks the <strong>first time that the IAF is participating in Ex BRIGHT STAR-23, joining<\/strong> contingents from the <strong>United States of America, Saudi Arabia, Greece, and Qatar<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li><li>The Indian Air Force contingent will consist of <strong>five MiG-29, two IL-78, two C-130 and two C-17<\/strong> <strong>aircraft.\u202f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>Personnel from the IAF&#8217;s Garud Special Forces, as well as those from the Numbers 28, 77, 78 and 81 Squadrons, will be participating in the exercise.\u00a0<\/li><li>Objective:\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>To <strong>practice planning and execution of joint operations<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Besides leading to the formation of bonding across borders, such interactions <strong>also provide a means to further strategic relations between participating nations.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_exercises_between_India_and_Egypt\"><\/span><strong>Other exercises between India and Egypt:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Exercise Cyclone-I:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>It Is a <strong>bilateral exercise between the special forces of the Indian Army and the Egyptian Army.<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>The first edition of the exercise was held in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan in January 2023.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Also_in_the_News\"><\/span><strong>Also in the News:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>AUSINDEX-23 is a biennial maritime exercise<\/strong> between <strong>the Indian Navy and Royal Australian Navy.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1952602#:~:text=PARTICIPATION%20OF%20INDIAN%20AIR%20FORCE,AT%20CAIRO%20AIR%20BASE%2C%20EGYPT&amp;text=An%20Indian%20Air%20Force%20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PIB Gov.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Magic_rice\"><\/span><strong>Magic rice<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>GS \u2013 1 Geography\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news-4\"><\/span><strong>Why in news? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, Chokuwa rice, also known as Magic rice, is a distinctive part of Assam\u2019s culinary heritage and has recently been granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag for its uniqueness.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-5\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/9d5db409-f461-44ca-88f4-3c8b5d77b41f\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It has a significant role in Assam\u2019s culinary history and was <strong>a staple food for the Ahom dynasty.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>This healthy rice is <strong>mainly cultivated along the Brahmaputra River in places like Tinsukia, Dhemaji, and Dibrugarh.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>Characteristics:\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>Chokuwa rice is a <strong>semi-glutinous winter rice, categorized as Sali rice<\/strong>. The sticky and glutinous variety is <strong>categorized as Bora and Chokuwa<\/strong> based on their amylose concentration.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>The <strong>low amylose<\/strong> <strong>Chokuwa rice variants are used to make soft rice, <\/strong>which is known as<strong> Komal Chaul or soft rice.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>This whole grain can be <strong>consumed after soaking the rice in cold or lukewarm water.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>The rice <strong>is pre-boiled, dried, stored, and then soaked before eating, making it convenient and nutritious.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>Chokuwa rice is enjoyed with various accompaniments like <strong>curd, sugar, jaggery, and bananas, <\/strong>and is also<strong> used in traditional Assamese dishes like Pithe.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/life-style\/food-news\/what-is-magic-rice-what-is-special-about-this-rice-that-it-got-gi-tag\/photostory\/103109458.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Times of India<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nabhmitra\"><\/span><strong>Nabhmitra<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>GS \u2013 3 Science &amp; Technology\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news-5\"><\/span><strong>Why in news? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, ISRO-Space Applications Centre (Ahmedabad) has successfully tested a device called \u2018Nabhmitra\u2019.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-6\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"296\" height=\"297\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-43.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-14513 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-43.png 296w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-43-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/image-43-120x120.png 120w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 296px) 100vw, 296px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 296px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 296\/297;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This device <strong>uses satellite communication to allow two-way messaging<\/strong> <strong>between<\/strong> <strong>boats at sea and authorities on land.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>This device is <strong>aimed at enhancing the safety of fishermen<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>The system <strong>can convey weather alerts, cyclone warnings, and other information in the local language.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><li>In cases of emergencies like <strong>boat accidents or fires<\/strong>, <strong>fishermen can activate the device to alert the control centre<\/strong>. The <strong>control centre receives the boat\u2019s location<\/strong>, and the crew onboard gets a response from the control centre.\u00a0<\/li><li>Apart from <strong>providing information about shipping channels and maritime boundaries<\/strong>, the device will also help <strong>to identify fishing fields.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/kerala\/isro-developed-device-for-fishers-safety-successfully-tested-at-neendakara\/article67241902.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pragyan_rover_confirms_sulphur\"><\/span><strong>Pragyan rover confirms sulphur<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>GS \u2013 3 Space technology\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news-6\"><\/span><strong>Why in news? <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, Chandrayaan-3\u2019s Pragyan rover has confirmed the presence of sulphur on the moon\u2019s surface, near its south pole.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-7\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument onboard the Chandrayaan-3\u2019s rover<\/strong> has <strong>made the first-ever in-situ measurements<\/strong> on the elemental composition <strong>of the lunar surface near the south pole.&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><li>The analysis has also revealed the presence of elements like <strong>aluminium, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, and oxygen<\/strong> on the lunar surface.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Pragyan rover is <strong>still actively searching for the presence of hydrogen<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Laser-Induced_Breakdown_Spectroscopy_LIBS\"><\/span><strong>Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>LIBS is a <strong>rapid chemical analysis technology<\/strong> that <strong>employs short laser pulses to create micro-plasma<\/strong> on a sample\u2019s surface.\u00a0<\/li><li>The LIBS <strong>technique involves using intense laser pulses to analyse materials<\/strong>, <strong>creating hot and localized plasma <\/strong>whose <strong>emitted light is then studied to determine the material\u2019s elemental<\/strong> composition.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Advantages of LIBS:<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Requires <strong>no sample preparation<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li><li>Offers <strong>rapid measurements<\/strong>, often within a few seconds.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Covers a wide range of elements<\/strong>, including lighter ones.\u00a0<\/li><li><strong>Supports versatile sampling protocols<\/strong>, including surface rastering and depth profiling.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/pragyan-rover-confirms-sulphur-at-moons-south-pole-searching-for-hydrogen\/article67249071.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Daily current affairs refer to the most recent and relevant events, developments, and news stories that are happening around the world on a day-to-day basis. These can encompass a wide range of topics, including politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Staying updated with daily current affairs is crucial because it helps individuals make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives. It enables people to understand the world around them, stay aware of significant events, and engage in informed discussions about important issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\"><\/span>Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: There are various sources for daily current affairs, including newspapers, news websites, television news broadcasts, radio programs, and dedicated apps or newsletters. Social media platforms are also widely used to share and access current affairs information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\"><\/span>Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: To incorporate daily current affairs into your routine, consider setting aside specific times each day to read or watch news updates. You can also subscribe to newsletters or follow news apps to receive curated content. Engaging in discussions with peers or participating in online forums can further enhance your understanding of current events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: When analyzing daily current affairs, it&#8217;s essential to cross-reference information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy. Additionally, consider the source&#8217;s credibility and bias, if any. Develop the ability to identify the main points and implications of news stories, and critically evaluate the significance and impact of the events reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":14514,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[160,161,232,140],"class_list":["post-14501","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs-upsc","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14501"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14501\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14515,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14501\/revisions\/14515"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14514"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}