{"id":15103,"date":"2023-11-07T08:49:54","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T08:49:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=15103"},"modified":"2024-09-09T10:48:30","modified_gmt":"2024-09-09T10:48:30","slug":"gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Gupta Age Architecture &#8211; UPSC Art &#038; Culture Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>From the <strong>beginning of the<\/strong> <strong>fourth century CE to the end of the sixth century CE<\/strong>, the Gupta Empire ruled over ancient India. From roughly 319 to 467 CE, when it was at its height, it dominated a large portion of the Indian subcontinent.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Historians refer to this time as <strong>India\u2019s<\/strong> \u201c<strong>Golden Era<\/strong>.\u201d<\/li><li><strong>King Sri Gupta <\/strong>established the empire\u2019s reigning dynasty, whose most important members were <strong>Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, Chandragupta II, and Skandagupta<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Fa-Hien<\/strong>, the Chinese traveller\u2019s remarks on the Gupta empire, helped to visualise the actual situation to some extent.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e94984ac0b1\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e94984ac0b1\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Gupta_Art\" title=\"Gupta Art\">Gupta Art<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Background_of_Gupta_Art\" title=\"Background of Gupta Art\">Background of Gupta Art<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Types_of_Gupta_Art_and_Architecture\" title=\"Types of Gupta Art and Architecture\">Types of Gupta Art and Architecture<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Gupta_Cave_Shrines\" title=\"Gupta Cave Shrines\">Gupta Cave Shrines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Temple_Architecture_and_Types\" title=\"Temple Architecture and Types\">Temple Architecture and Types<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Styles_of_Temple_Architecture\" title=\"Styles of Temple Architecture\">Styles of Temple Architecture<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#1_Nagara_style\" title=\"1. Nagara style&nbsp;\">1. Nagara style&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#2_Dravidian_style\" title=\"2. Dravidian style\">2. Dravidian style<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#3_Vesara_style\" title=\"3. Vesara style&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\">3. Vesara style&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Sculptures_and_pillars_of_Gupta\" title=\"Sculptures and pillars of Gupta\">Sculptures and pillars of Gupta<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Stupas_of_Gupta\" title=\"Stupas of Gupta\">Stupas of Gupta<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Other_features_of_the_Gupta_Art_and_Architecture\" title=\"Other features of the Gupta Art and Architecture\">Other features of the Gupta Art and Architecture<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Literature\" title=\"Literature\">Literature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Science\" title=\"Science\">Science<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Social_Culture_and_Religion\" title=\"Social Culture and Religion\">Social Culture and Religion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Painting\" title=\"Painting\">Painting<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Legacy_and_Decline_of_the_Gupta_Period\" title=\"Legacy and Decline of the Gupta Period\">Legacy and Decline of the Gupta Period<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Q_What_is_the_Gupta_Age_in_Indian_history_and_why_is_it_significant_for_architecture\" title=\"Q: What is the Gupta Age in Indian history, and why is it significant for architecture?\">Q: What is the Gupta Age in Indian history, and why is it significant for architecture?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Q_What_are_the_key_characteristics_of_Gupta_Age_architecture\" title=\"Q: What are the key characteristics of Gupta Age architecture?\">Q: What are the key characteristics of Gupta Age architecture?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Q_Which_are_some_of_the_most_famous_architectural_structures_from_the_Gupta_Age\" title=\"Q: Which are some of the most famous architectural structures from the Gupta Age?\">Q: Which are some of the most famous architectural structures from the Gupta Age?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Q_How_did_Gupta_Age_architecture_influence_later_architectural_styles_in_India\" title=\"Q: How did Gupta Age architecture influence later architectural styles in India?\">Q: How did Gupta Age architecture influence later architectural styles in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Q_What_are_some_key_elements_of_Gupta_Age_temple_architecture\" title=\"Q: What are some key elements of Gupta Age temple architecture?\">Q: What are some key elements of Gupta Age temple architecture?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#To_get_free_counselingsupport_on_UPSC_preparation_from_expert_mentors_please_call_9773890604\" title=\"To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604\">To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/gupta-age-architecture-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_Here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013 Here\">Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013 Here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gupta_Art\"><\/span>Gupta Art<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gupta paintings had a special style different from later Indian medieval art, which <strong>focused more on people rather than religious ideas<\/strong>.<\/li><li>During this time, <strong>Hindu art<\/strong> made famous carved stone gods. They also made many <strong>Buddha statues and Jain tirthankara statues<\/strong>, often very big.<\/li><li>During that time, <strong>Mathura<\/strong>, known for sculpture, kept doing well.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Even <strong>Gandhara<\/strong>, known for <strong>Greco-Buddhis<\/strong>t art just outside the Gupta Empire&#8217;s north boundary, still had an effect.&nbsp;<\/li><li>New centres, like <strong>Sarnath<\/strong>, also came up. Sculptures from Sarnath and Mathura were sent to other parts of northern India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background_of_Gupta_Art\"><\/span>Background of Gupta Art<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Kushan art<\/strong>, which thrived in northern India from the first to the fourth centuries CE, combined <strong>Greco-Buddhist art from Gandhara and Indian art from Mathura<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The Western Satraps in Western India made advanced art, seen in <strong>Devnimori<\/strong>, before Gupta art.<\/li><li>This art likely influenced Gupta art and the artwork in the <strong>Ajanta <\/strong>Caves, <strong>Sarnath<\/strong>, and other places from the fifth century onwards.<\/li><li>The art of the <strong>Satavahanas <\/strong>in central India had already developed an advanced Indian style.<\/li><li>The <strong>Gupta Empire<\/strong>, under Samudragupta and Chandragupta II, <strong>expanded <\/strong>to cover central, northern, and northwestern India, as well as the Punjab and the Arabian Sea. The period is noted for its achievements in the arts, architecture, sciences, religion, and philosophy.<\/li><li>They continued and expanded these older artistic traditions, creating a unique Gupta style that reached great heights of sophistication and glory.<\/li><li>Unlike some other Indian dynasties,<strong> the Gupta imperial family did not use inscriptions or portraits<\/strong> to show their connection to the art from their time.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Gupta_Art_and_Architecture\"><\/span>Types of Gupta Art and Architecture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gupta_Cave_Shrines\"><\/span>Gupta Cave Shrines<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>earliest religious buildings <\/strong>were cave-temples with one carved doorway and sculptures on the outside.<\/li><li>Inside, there were sculptures for rituals, like the <strong>Shiva linga<\/strong>, and <strong>walls carved with stories<\/strong>.<\/li><li>A cave near <strong>Udayagiri in Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh<\/strong>, dated 401 CE, is a good example of rock-cut caves carrying Jain and Hindu religious beliefs.<\/li><li>In this cave, there&#8217;s a <strong>famous Gupta art piece showing Vishnu as Varaha<\/strong>, a boar-headed figure.<\/li><li>The panel is<strong> 7 by 4 metres<\/strong>, and it shows Vishnu emerging from water, defeating a snake-like creature, and saving <strong>Bhudevi, the goddess of Earth<\/strong>.<\/li><li>This picture, <strong>based on a Hindu tale<\/strong>, might also show the protection and peace brought by the Gupta kings.<\/li><li><strong>Ajanta caves (a UNESCO World Heritage site)<\/strong>, a group of <strong>29 rock-cut caves<\/strong> in <strong>Maharashtra<\/strong>, contains paintings exhibiting Buddha\u2019s journey. Here are also instances of<strong> mural paintings and fresco technique painting<\/strong>.&nbsp;<ul><li>During the 5th and 6th centuries AD, many rock-cut architectures were built in Ajanta caves.<\/li><li>Cave building was done in two phases :<ul><li><strong>Hinayana <\/strong>phase by <strong>Satavahana <\/strong>dynasty.<\/li><li><strong>Mahayana <\/strong>Buddhism under <strong>Vakataka <\/strong>rule. In Mahayana, Buddha isn&#8217;t as important as Bodhisattva.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ellora caves <\/strong>in <strong>Charanandri <\/strong>hills are a group of <strong>34 rock-cut caves<\/strong> that <strong>exhibit Brahminical (Hindu), Jain, and Buddhist philosophy<\/strong> through art. All caves were built from the 6th to 12th century. Built during <strong>Kalachuri, Chalukya and Rashtrakuta dynasty<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Elephanta caves: UNESCO World Heritage site. First group of caves is Hindu and the second group is Buddhist.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Bagh caves in Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh<\/strong>, consist of 9 <strong>caves <\/strong>together. These Buddhist caves are also known as Bagh Gupha.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Pandav caves (B.C.250- A.D.600) in Nashik are in Trirashmi hill<\/strong>. These caves are magnificent examples of ancient water management systems and buddha sculptures.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Temple_Architecture_and_Types\"><\/span>Temple Architecture and Types<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Gupta royals were originally Hindu Brahmins who <strong>worshipped Vishnu deities in North and Central India, Shiv in South India, and Shakti deities in Bengal<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Five types of temple architecture evolved during this time:<ul><li><strong>First type<\/strong>: Square temples with flat terraces, surrounded by pillars,<strong> <\/strong>with an <strong>entrance<\/strong>, <strong>garbhagriha<\/strong>, and <strong>mandapa<\/strong>. <strong>Example<\/strong>: Kankali Devi temple at Tigawa.<\/li><li><strong>Second type<\/strong>: Similar to the first, but with a <strong>Pradakshina <\/strong>area and two-storeyed temples,<strong> like the Shiva temple in Bhumara<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Third type<\/strong>: Square temples with a pyramidical roof (<strong>shikhara<\/strong>), higher platform, seen in the <strong>Dashavatara temple with ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Fourth type<\/strong>: Rectangular temples with a hollow roof, such as the <strong>Kapoteswara temple<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Fifth type<\/strong>: Circular temples with distinct corners creating a rectangular pattern, like the <strong>Maniyar Math in Rajgir<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/OcxFc8ULDyfmB1iMyN7s94Jza5hZVW5XDVdnNZWcVqknwIsln_aDVSAGZuFScP_5ou6Q_qZJ89M8by5zYPilwUR-iW6GIS3CoLAgGrrxgtKTBxMi9B5VZHZLmrF8E6HOTUrvg7Zmaw7cPXMZ\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Styles_of_Temple_Architecture\"><\/span>Styles of Temple Architecture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Nagara style \u2013 Northern region&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Dravida style \u2013 Southern region<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Vesara style \u2013 Region between Vindhya and Krishna<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/219asvWXUuDGXceZ4dofEWn8Pu2MTDrGcvVoo03ojrC0e4zRfi0dJNbCprD2oOm0HDAQ5y-TRcSOkbqQpV1ZN06iL1uItd5AL7iAoEl8cMHqZM5Q6hecGtwkkUGghyz8PmnGYkm6bwxv34t-\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Nagara_style\"><\/span><strong>1. Nagara style<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Curvilinear Shikhara. Square or rectangle temple. Garbhagriha or panchayatana style. Pillared halls present but tanks absent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Dravidian_style\"><\/span><strong>2. Dravidian style<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mandap<\/strong> &#8211; Open pavilion excavated out of rock. Simple columned hall with two or more cells.<\/li><li><strong>Ratha <\/strong>\u2013 Monolithic shrine carved out of single rock<\/li><li><strong>Vimaan <\/strong>\u2013 Garbhagriha and shikhar together. Single shikhar on the main shrine.<\/li><li><strong>Gopuram <\/strong>\u2013 lofty gateways<\/li><li><strong>Dwarpals <\/strong>present instead of Mithuns as in Nagara style.<\/li><li>Presence of tanks and pillared walls.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Vesara_style\"><\/span><strong>3. Vesara style<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Chalukya style or Karnataka style<\/strong>. <strong>Fusion of nagara and Dravidian style<\/strong>. Carvings on pillars, ceilings and door plains. Chalukyan temples don\u2019t have ambulatory paths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sculptures_and_pillars_of_Gupta\"><\/span>Sculptures and pillars of Gupta<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Evidence of the remarkable sculpture during the Gupta age includes the <strong>Buddha statue with Abhaya mudra in Mathura<\/strong>, made of <strong>red sandstone<\/strong>.<\/li><li>&nbsp;The <strong>Sarnath Buddha<\/strong> sculpture displays a calm expression of Siddhartha, and the cave sculptures are noteworthy too.<\/li><li>The <strong>Allahabad pillar<\/strong> has the words of <strong>Harisena, the court poet of Gupta<\/strong> Emperor Samudragupta, engraved on it.<strong> Known as Prashasthi or eulogy<\/strong>, it stands as a testament to Gupta literary achievements.<\/li><li>Another renowned pillar from the Gupta era is <strong>the iron pillar of Delhi<\/strong>, built under the patronage of Chandragupta II. Remarkably, this pillar remains free of rust even today.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stupas_of_Gupta\"><\/span>Stupas of Gupta<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mirpurkhas stupa in modern Pakistan<\/strong>, constructed during the Gupta age, features an iconic cross-legged Buddha in a meditative pose, symbolising the artistic brilliance of the era.<\/li><li>The outer designs of the <strong>Dhamek stupa<\/strong>, attributed to Gupta artists, exhibit intricate patterns, including depictions of animal figures, showcasing the artistic mastery of the Gupta dynasty.<\/li><li>The <strong>Chaukhandi Stupa, situated in Sarnath<\/strong>, stands as a prime example of stupa architecture and serves as a memorial to Buddha&#8217;s early encounters with his disciples.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_features_of_the_Gupta_Art_and_Architecture\"><\/span>Other features of the Gupta Art and Architecture<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Except Art and architecture being one of the most prominent features of Gupta Empire, we witness development in some other fields too like :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Governance:<\/li><li>&nbsp;They ruled over an extensive empire with their <strong>capital at Pataliputra<\/strong> and maintained unity and integrity of india.<ul><li>The <strong>Gupta age witnessed<\/strong> <strong>political unification of India<\/strong> after a long period of more than 500 years after the decline of Mauryans.<\/li><li>The efficiency of their martial system was well known. The <strong>large kingdom was divided into smaller pradesha (provinces)<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Economic Prosperity:<\/li><li>The Gupta age was full of economic prosperity.&nbsp;<\/li><li>According to<strong> Chinese traveller Fa-hien<\/strong> Magadh, the power centre of the Gupta empire was full of cities and its rich people.<\/li><li>In ancient India, the<strong> Guptas issued the largest number of gold coins<\/strong> which were called <strong>\u2018dinaras\u2019 <\/strong>in their inscriptions.<\/li><li><strong>Gold and silver coins were issued in great numbers<\/strong> which is a general indicator of the health of the economy.<\/li><li><strong>Trade and commerce flourished<\/strong> both within the country and outside.<strong> Silk, cotton, spices, medicine, priceless gemstones, pearl, precious metal and steel<\/strong> were exported by sea.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Literature\"><\/span>Literature<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sanskrit literature flourished<\/strong> under the Guptas. <strong>Kalidasa<\/strong>, the great poet, and playwright were in the court of Chandragupta Vikramaditya. He composed great epics such as <strong>Abhijnanashaakuntalam, Kumarasambhavam, Malavikagnimitram, Ritusamhara, Meghadootam, Vikramorvashiyam, and Raghuvamsham<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The celebrated Sanskrit drama <strong>M\u1e5bcchakatika <\/strong>was composed during this time. It is attributed to Shudraka.<\/li><li><strong>Poet Harisena<\/strong> also adorned the court of Chandragupta Vikramaditya. He wrote the <strong>Allahabad Prashasti (inscription)<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Vishnu Sharma of Panchatantra<\/strong> fame lived during this era.<\/li><li><strong>Amarasimha (grammarian and poet)<\/strong> composed a lexicon of Sanskrit, <strong>Amarakosha<\/strong>.<\/li><li><strong>Vishakhadatta composed Mudrarakshasa<\/strong>. Other grammarians who contributed to the Sanskrit language include <strong>Vararuchi <\/strong>and <strong>Bhartrihari<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Science\"><\/span>Science<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the fields of science, mathematics and astronomy also, the Gupta age saw a lot of interesting advancements.<\/li><li><strong>Aryabhatta<\/strong>, the great Indian mathematician and astronomer wrote <strong>Surya Siddhanta and Aryabhattiya<\/strong>. Aryabhatta is believed to have conceptualised <strong>\u2018zero\u2019<\/strong>. He also gave the <strong>value of Pi<\/strong>. He <strong>postulated that the earth is not flat and it rotated around its own axis and also that it revolved around the sun<\/strong>. He<strong> also gave the distance between earth and sun which is remarkably close to the actual value<\/strong>. He wrote on<strong> geometry, astronomy, mathematics and trigonometry<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The Indian number system with a base of 10 which is the present<strong> numeral system evolved<\/strong> from scholars of this era.<\/li><li><strong>Varahamihira wrote Brihatsamhita<\/strong>. He was an astronomer and an astrologer.<\/li><li>The<strong> Nalanda University in Patna,&nbsp; Bihar (then Patliputra)<\/strong>, a centre of Buddhist and other learning, attracted students from abroad. The Guptas patronised this ancient seat of learning.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_Culture_and_Religion\"><\/span>Social Culture and Religion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>Hindu epics<\/strong> were given their final touches during this time. The Hindu religion also received an impetus under the Guptas and it flourished and expanded throughout India.<\/li><li>Although the Gupta kings were <strong>Vaishnavas <\/strong>they were tolerant of <strong>Buddhism <\/strong>and <strong>Jainism<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The <strong>Shakti cult <\/strong>rose up around this time.<\/li><li><strong>Occult practices like tantrism<\/strong> also emerged during this time.<\/li><li>The<strong> game of chess is said to have originated from this time<\/strong>. It was <strong>called Chaturanga <\/strong>meaning the four divisions (of the military such as infantry (pawn), cavalry (knight), elephantry (bishop), and chariots (rook).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Painting\"><\/span>Painting<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Different kinds of <strong>paintings in Ajanta Caves<\/strong> are live examples of paintings belonging to the Gupta Empire and are popular around the world.<\/li><li>The art of<strong> Ajanta <\/strong>shows the <strong>Madya Desa school of painting<\/strong> at its best.<\/li><li>The <strong>red khandiya <\/strong>was used to draw the image. Also, <strong>colours such as yellow, red, blue, white, and black<\/strong> were used.<\/li><li>These colours consist of a natural glow that adds beauty to the paintings of the Gupta Empire.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Also, Gupta paintings can be seen on the walls of mountain caves of the prehistoric period as well as on the walls of some <strong>Guha temples<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Remains of paintings are also found at <strong>Bagh<\/strong>, <strong>Badami<\/strong> and other places.<\/li><li><strong>Hoysala School of Art<\/strong> showcases a unique feature of a star shaped ground plan which has five points with five deities of equal importance.<ul><li>Temple pillars are <strong>monoliths<\/strong>. Intricate carvings on both sides of the walls and jewellery of gods.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legacy_and_Decline_of_the_Gupta_Period\"><\/span>Legacy and Decline of the Gupta Period<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>decline <\/strong>of the Gupta Empire <strong>started during Skandagupta&#8217;s reign<\/strong>, who successfully fought against the Huns and Pushyamitras, but this drained the empire&#8217;s resources.<\/li><li><strong>Vishnugupta <\/strong>was the last recognized Gupta king, ruling from 540 to 550 AD, and internal conflicts weakened the empire.<\/li><li>During Budhagupta&#8217;s rule, the <strong>Vakataka rulers <\/strong>attacked various Gupta territories, leading to further weakening of the empire.<\/li><li>The <strong>Huns <\/strong>initially invaded northwest India during Skandagupta&#8217;s reign but later occupied significant regions, including Malwa, Gujarat, Punjab, and Gandhara, causing further strain on the Gupta Empire.<\/li><li>Independent rulers emerged across the north, restricting the Gupta Empire to Magadha only. The later Guptas&#8217; adoption of Buddhism weakened the empire&#8217;s military and territorial power.<\/li><li>Weak rulers and continuous<strong> invasions from both foreign and native forces<\/strong> led to the disintegration of the Gupta Empire by the beginning of the sixth century, with the rule passing to regional chieftains.<\/li><li>The Gupta age <strong>did not witness progress in social development<\/strong>, for example the number of <strong>chandalas (untouchables) increased<\/strong> and their condition worsened during the Gupta age.<ul><li>The<strong> first example of the sati<\/strong> occurred during the Gupta period in 510 AD etc.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Gupta age began a period of overall prosperity and growth that continued for the next two and half centuries which came to be known as a Golden Age in India&#8217;s history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the golden character of Gupta age can be accepted only in degrees not in absolute terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_is_the_Gupta_Age_in_Indian_history_and_why_is_it_significant_for_architecture\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What is the Gupta Age in Indian history, and why is it significant for architecture?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The Gupta Age in Indian history, which lasted from around the 4th to the 6th century CE, is known for its significant contributions to art and architecture. During this period, remarkable architectural achievements, such as the rock-cut temples and iconic Gupta pillars, emerged, showcasing the Gupta dynasty&#8217;s artistic and engineering prowess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_the_key_characteristics_of_Gupta_Age_architecture\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What are the key characteristics of Gupta Age architecture?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Gupta Age architecture is characterized by the use of stone as a primary building material, intricate and beautifully sculpted decorative elements, and a focus on creating aesthetically pleasing and harmonious structures. The architecture of this era is marked by the construction of ornate temples, stupas, and iconic pillars, often adorned with intricate relief sculptures and exquisite carvings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Which_are_some_of_the_most_famous_architectural_structures_from_the_Gupta_Age\"><\/span>Q: <strong>Which are some of the most famous architectural structures from the Gupta Age?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Prominent architectural structures from the Gupta Age include the Vishnu Temple in Deogarh, the Dashavatara Temple in Deogarh, the Udayagiri Caves in Madhya Pradesh, and the famous Iron Pillar of Delhi. These structures are renowned for their architectural beauty and have withstood the test of time, serving as significant examples of Gupta Age architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_did_Gupta_Age_architecture_influence_later_architectural_styles_in_India\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How did Gupta Age architecture influence later architectural styles in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Gupta Age architecture had a profound influence on subsequent architectural styles in India. The principles of symmetry, use of stone, and intricate decorative motifs seen in Gupta architecture were carried forward into various regional architectural traditions across India, including in the construction of temples, palaces, and other significant structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_some_key_elements_of_Gupta_Age_temple_architecture\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What are some key elements of Gupta Age temple architecture?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Gupta Age temple architecture featured several distinctive elements, such as shikhara (tower), mandapa (hall), and garbhagriha (sanctum). These temples often had ornate entranceways, intricate carvings depicting deities and mythological scenes, and were designed to create a sense of spiritual and architectural harmony. Gupta temples also often featured finely detailed and sculpted images of Hindu deities, adding to their artistic and religious significance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-e6963b04-cab6-4c30-87bb-2fbbac2c189a\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"To_get_free_counselingsupport_on_UPSC_preparation_from_expert_mentors_please_call_9773890604\"><\/span><strong>To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-0d0ed6e9-ce2e-4b93-8d2b-f04518480f92\"><li>Join our Main Telegram Channel and access PYQs, Current Affairs and UPSC&nbsp; Guidance for free \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/Edukemy4IAS\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/li><li>Learn Economy for free-<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/+uq2Jq2ezMHE3ZjA1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> Economy for UPSC<\/a><\/li><li>Learn CSAT &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/+4hdxnlyVN_swNDNl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">CSAT for UPSC<\/a><\/li><li>Mains Answer Writing Practice-<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/+HS9DZh7PTytkNjJl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Mains Answer Writing<\/a><\/li><li>For UPSC Prelims Resources, <a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-d43aa89b-d314-4863-a7c4-071ab0c592d5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_Here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From the beginning of the fourth century CE to the end of the sixth century CE, the Gupta Empire ruled over ancient India.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":15108,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[379],"tags":[380,382,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-15103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-and-culture","tag-art-culture","tag-gupta-age","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15103"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46033,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15103\/revisions\/46033"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}