{"id":15149,"date":"2023-11-07T11:18:47","date_gmt":"2023-11-07T11:18:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=15149"},"modified":"2023-11-07T11:18:54","modified_gmt":"2023-11-07T11:18:54","slug":"upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Geography Current Affairs &#8211; 24th July 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/current-affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png\" alt=\"UPSC Current Affairs Daily Quiz - Edukemy\" class=\"wp-image-14085\" width=\"780\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Welcome to the world of UPSC Geography Current Affairs for the 24th of July, 2023. In an ever-changing global landscape, understanding the intricate interplay of geographical factors and their impact on our planet is crucial for aspirants preparing for the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examinations. The UPSC Geography Current Affairs series aims to provide you with the latest developments, insights, and analyses related to the field of geography, offering a comprehensive view of the world&#8217;s dynamic geography and its relevance in contemporary affairs. This edition delves into the geographical facets of current events, exploring the role of geography in shaping political, environmental, and social dynamics on a global scale. Join us as we navigate the complex terrain of our world and delve into the fascinating world of geography to enhance your UPSC preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f3f59e368ae\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f3f59e368ae\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#STATE_OF_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_NUTRITION_2023\" title=\"STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION 2023\">STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION 2023<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Why_in_news\" title=\"Why in news ?&nbsp;\">Why in news ?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Background\" title=\"Background :&nbsp;\">Background :&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#About\" title=\"About :\">About :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Urbanization_and_Food_Insecurity\" title=\"Urbanization and Food Insecurity&nbsp;\">Urbanization and Food Insecurity&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Climate_change_and_Food_Insecurity\" title=\"Climate change and Food Insecurity&nbsp;\">Climate change and Food Insecurity&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Conflict_Political_Instability_and_Food_Insecurity\" title=\"Conflict , Political Instability and Food Insecurity&nbsp;\">Conflict , Political Instability and Food Insecurity&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Global_Trade_Market_Dynamics_and_Food_Insecurity\" title=\"Global Trade , Market Dynamics and Food Insecurity:\">Global Trade , Market Dynamics and Food Insecurity:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Food_Insecurity_in_Covid_19_pandemic_and_Russia_Ukraine_war\" title=\"Food Insecurity in Covid 19 pandemic and Russia Ukraine war\">Food Insecurity in Covid 19 pandemic and Russia Ukraine war<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#COVID-19_Pandemic\" title=\"COVID-19 Pandemic\">COVID-19 Pandemic<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Russia_Ukraine_war\" title=\"Russia Ukraine war\">Russia Ukraine war<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#CONSEQUENCES_OF_FOOD_INSECURITY_AND_NUTRITION\" title=\"CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD INSECURITY AND NUTRITION&nbsp;\">CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD INSECURITY AND NUTRITION&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#GLOBAL_INITIATIVES_TO_ADDRESS_FOOD_INSECURITY\" title=\"GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS FOOD INSECURITY\">GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS FOOD INSECURITY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Initiatives_to_ensure_food_security_in_India\" title=\"Initiatives to ensure food security in India :&nbsp;\">Initiatives to ensure food security in India :&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#WAY_FORWARD\" title=\"WAY FORWARD\">WAY FORWARD<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Where_to_use\" title=\"Where to use ?\">Where to use ?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Paper_I_Geography_optional_Food_and_nutrition_problems_Food_security\" title=\"Paper I ( Geography optional ) : Food and nutrition problems, Food security&nbsp;\">Paper I ( Geography optional ) : Food and nutrition problems, Food security&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Source_FAO\" title=\"Source : FAO\">Source : FAO<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#News_in_brief\" title=\"News in brief&nbsp;\">News in brief&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Why_in_news-2\" title=\"Why in news ? :\">Why in news ? :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#About-2\" title=\"About:&nbsp;\">About:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Where_to_use-2\" title=\"Where to use ?\">Where to use ?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Paper_I_Geography_optional_Global_Climatic_change\" title=\"Paper I ( Geography optional ) : Global Climatic change&nbsp;\">Paper I ( Geography optional ) : Global Climatic change&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Source_Down_To_Earth\" title=\"Source :\u00a0Down To Earth\">Source :\u00a0Down To Earth<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#News_in_Brief\" title=\"News in Brief\">News in Brief<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Huge_gravity_hole_in_the_middle_of_Indian_Ocean\" title=\"Huge gravity hole in the middle of Indian Ocean&nbsp;\">Huge gravity hole in the middle of Indian Ocean&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Why_in_news-3\" title=\"Why in news ?&nbsp;\">Why in news ?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#About-3\" title=\"About :\u00a0\">About :\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Gravity_varies_across_Earth\" title=\"Gravity varies across Earth\">Gravity varies across Earth<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Movement_of_tectonic_plates\" title=\"Movement of tectonic plates\">Movement of tectonic plates<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Where_to_use-3\" title=\"Where to use ?\">Where to use ?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Source_Livemint\" title=\"Source:\u00a0Livemint\">Source:\u00a0Livemint<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Key_terms\" title=\"Key terms :\">Key terms :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Places_in_news\" title=\"Places in news :\">Places in news :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Case_study_Namakkals_Water_Management\" title=\"Case study : Namakkal&#8217;s Water Management\">Case study : Namakkal&#8217;s Water Management<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Where_to_use-4\" title=\"Where to use ?&nbsp;\">Where to use ?&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Source_Down_to_Earth\" title=\"Source :\u00a0Down to Earth\">Source :\u00a0Down to Earth<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-geography-current-affairs-24th-july-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"STATE_OF_FOOD_SECURITY_AND_NUTRITION_2023\"><\/span><strong>STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION 2023<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news\"><\/span><strong>Why in news ?&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023 has been prepared by the FAO Agrifood Economics Division in collaboration with the Statistics Division of the Economic and Social Development stream and a team of technical experts from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), the United Nations Children\u2019s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme (WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span><strong>Background :&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The global assessment of the state of food security and nutrition in 2022 is a snapshot of the world still recovering from a global pandemic and now grappling with the consequences of the war in Ukraine, which has rattled food and energy markets. Encouraging signs of economic recovery from the pandemic and projections of a decline in poverty and hunger have been tempered by rising food and energy prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About\"><\/span><strong>About <\/strong>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Food security and nutrition are crucial aspects of global well-being and development. They refer to the <strong>availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability of food and the nutritional status<\/strong> of individuals and populations.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/OIQqbwAah9zJ-9vi9_ScljLU8CjA8L3xq4VbvQ8GqNh2cFQ0UIKloSWHy5t1icqx7IRMvQjML0kzUVe7p1h4tC1xViDqhJ5gpqh1ZdhwssIb9uiH72lOi49OcYkjNAf4cUMGOi0hkaWmG9Ek\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Urbanization_and_Food_Insecurity\"><\/span><strong>Urbanization and Food Insecurity&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Changing Dietary Patterns:&nbsp; <\/strong>Urbanization often brings changes in dietary preferences and consumption patterns. As people move from rural to urban areas, their diets may shift towards more processed and calorie-dense foods, high in sugars, unhealthy fats, and salt. This transition is influenced by factors like increased availability of convenience foods, aggressive marketing by food industries, and changing lifestyles.<\/li><li><strong>Fragmentation of Food Supply Chains: <\/strong>As cities expand, they often become more complex, leading to the fragmentation of food supply chains. This can result in increased transportation distances, delays, and higher costs, affecting the affordability and accessibility of nutritious food, particularly for low-income urban populations.<\/li><li><strong>Socioeconomic Disparities: <\/strong>Urbanization can exacerbate socioeconomic disparities, leading to unequal access to healthy diets. Low-income populations in urban areas may face financial constraints that limit their ability to afford nutritious food. Moreover, urban food environments often have price differentials, with healthier food options being relatively more expensive compared to less nutritious alternatives.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Climate_change_and_Food_Insecurity\"><\/span><strong>Climate change and Food Insecurity&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crop Production:<\/strong> Climate change affects agricultural productivity by altering temperature and precipitation patterns. Rising temperatures can lead to heat stress, reduced crop yields, and changes in planting and harvesting seasons.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Pests and Diseases<\/strong>: Climate change influences the distribution and prevalence of pests, diseases, and invasive species that can harm crops and livestock. This increases the risk of crop and livestock losses, further threatening food security.<\/li><li><strong>Displacement and Migration:<\/strong> Climate change-induced events, such as droughts, floods, and storms, can lead to forced displacement and migration. Communities affected by these events often face challenges in accessing food and other basic necessities.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conflict_Political_Instability_and_Food_Insecurity\"><\/span><strong>Conflict , Political Instability and Food Insecurity&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Restricted Access to Agricultural Inputs and Markets<\/strong>: Conflict and political instability can restrict farmers&#8217; access to essential agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides. Markets may be disrupted, preventing farmers from accessing necessary supplies and selling their produce. Trade restrictions, road blockades, and insecurity can impede the movement of goods, including food, exacerbating food insecurity.<\/li><li><strong>Disrupted Markets and Inflation:<\/strong> Conflict disrupts market systems, leading to price volatility and inflation. Trade routes may be disrupted, making it challenging to import and distribute food. Disruptions in supply chains and market systems can lead to significant price increases, making food unaffordable for many vulnerable populations, particularly those living in poverty.<\/li><li><strong>Disrupted Humanitarian Assistance:<\/strong> Conflict and political instability can hamper the delivery of humanitarian assistance, including food aid. Insecurity, limited access to affected areas, and logistical challenges can hinder the timely and effective delivery of food assistance to populations in need.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Trade_Market_Dynamics_and_Food_Insecurity\"><\/span><strong>Global Trade , Market Dynamics and Food Insecurity:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Price Volatility: <\/strong>Fluctuations due to global trade and market dynamics in commodity prices, driven by factors such as weather conditions, supply and demand imbalances, and speculation, can significantly impact food security.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Export-Oriented Agriculture<\/strong>: Some countries prioritize export-oriented agriculture, focusing on producing crops for the global market rather than for domestic consumption. When export-oriented agriculture takes precedence, it can disrupt local food systems and contribute to food insecurity, especially if there is a lack of diversification in agricultural production.<\/li><li><strong>Trade Liberalization and Market Distortions<\/strong>: Removal of trade barriers without adequate safeguards can expose vulnerable domestic food producers to unfair competition from highly subsidized foreign imports. This can lead to a decline in domestic agricultural production, loss of livelihoods, and reduced food availability.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Food_Insecurity_in_Covid_19_pandemic_and_Russia_Ukraine_war\"><\/span><strong>Food Insecurity in Covid 19 pandemic and Russia Ukraine war<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"COVID-19_Pandemic\"><\/span><strong>COVID-19 Pandemic<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Disruptions in the food supply chain resulted in labor shortages, transportation disruptions, and reduced access to inputs, leading to disruptions in agricultural production, processing, and distribution.<\/li><li>School closures during the pandemic disrupted school feeding programs, depriving millions of children of nutritious meals they relied on. This had adverse effects on their nutrition and overall well-being.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Export restrictions imposed by some countries like Russia&nbsp; to secure domestic food supply further strained global food markets.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Russia_Ukraine_war\"><\/span><strong>Russia Ukraine war<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The conflict between Russia and Ukraine led to significant displacement of people from conflict-affected regions. Displaced populations face challenges in accessing food and income-generating opportunities, leading to heightened food insecurity.<\/li><li>&nbsp;The war resulted in the destruction of agricultural infrastructure, including farms, storage facilities, and irrigation systems.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The conflict disrupted trade flows and market systems, making it difficult to transport and distribute food.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; CASE STUDY : FOOD INSECURITY AND SHORTAGE IN SOUTH SUDAN, 2017<\/strong><br>For South Sudan, a triangle of misery confronts families as people struggle with conflict, poverty and the effects of climate change. Causes of malnutrition in South Sudan include mass displacement, increased Inflation, deep economic recessions, unemployment, climate change and eroded finances for social protection and health.&nbsp; Over 4 million people \u2013 1 in 3 \u2013 have been forced to flee their homes due to the food crisis. Nearly 2.5 million have fled to neighboring countries. There were 1 million South Sudanese refugees in Uganda, making up about half of the country\u2019s total refugee population.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/3FewqDR10gewg41u19iMzNSOJo1i7aiVyvGcLN5i2bYIjB3ONSgwnM3-i1uDRebNg1gKxL2kPclTnRrsBme6OzZxt8LMwvIFoQdNNTygrA4aX5xBrXzQVMQ1_mNbTXPeae_Vs7-lJW0B8H1A\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CONSEQUENCES_OF_FOOD_INSECURITY_AND_NUTRITION\"><\/span><strong>CONSEQUENCES OF FOOD INSECURITY AND NUTRITION&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Malnutrition and Health Issues:<\/strong> Food insecurity often leads to inadequate access to nutritious and diverse food, resulting in malnutrition. This can lead to communicable diseases like diarrhea, measles , bowel syndrome and intestinal failure.<\/li><li><strong>Economic Consequences:<\/strong> Food insecurity reduces productivity , limits ability to work, trapped people in poverty and hinder economic opportunities.<\/li><li><strong>Social and Political Instability:<\/strong> In times of severe food insecurity, social unrest can arise as populations protest against food shortages, price hikes, or unequal distribution of resources. Eg. Pakistan<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Competition for scarce resources, including food and water, can exacerbate existing tensions and lead to social upheaval. Eg. Syria unrest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Intergenerational Effects:<\/strong> Malnourished mothers are more likely to give birth to undernourished children, continuing the cycle of poor nutrition and its associated consequences.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GLOBAL_INITIATIVES_TO_ADDRESS_FOOD_INSECURITY\"><\/span><strong>GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS FOOD INSECURITY<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): <\/strong>The SDGs, adopted by UN member states in 2015, include Goal 2: &#8220;Zero Hunger,&#8221; which aims to end hunger, achieve food security, improve nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP):<\/strong> The GAFSP is a public-private partnership that provides financial support to low-income countries for agriculture and food security programs.<\/li><li><strong>Zero Hunger Challenge:<\/strong>&nbsp; Zero Hunger Challenge calls for an end to hunger, malnutrition, and food insecurity. It promotes sustainable agriculture and resilient food systems to achieve the goal of zero hunger.<\/li><li><strong>Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN)<\/strong>: An international organization that works to improve nutrition and public health by partnering with businesses, governments, and civil society.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Initiatives_to_ensure_food_security_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Initiatives to ensure food security in India :&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>NFSA act 2013: <\/strong>To provide subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of the country\u2019s people. It includes the Midday Meal Scheme, Integrated Child Development Services scheme and the Public Distribution System.<\/li><li><strong>Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS)<\/strong>: It is the most visible symbol of the country\u2019s commitment to its children and nursing mothers, as a response to breaking the malnutrition food cycle, morbidity, reduced learning capacity, and mortality on the other.<\/li><li><strong>The Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM):<\/strong> Introduced in 2010 in 14 main states for the production of oilseeds, maize and oil palm to serve as a tool for crop diversification.<\/li><li><strong>Poshan Abhiyaan : <\/strong>Poshan Abhiyaan, also known as the National Nutrition Mission (NNM), was launched to reduce the level of under-nutrition and also enhance the nutritional status of children in the country.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"WAY_FORWARD\"><\/span><strong>WAY FORWARD<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sustainable Agricultural Practices:<\/strong> Promote climate-smart agriculture such as agroforestry, encourage organic farming practices that minimize the use of synthetic inputs, conserve soil health, and promote biodiversity.<\/li><li><strong>Social Safety Nets and Nutrition Programs: <\/strong>Implement social protection programs, including cash transfers and food assistance, to ensure vulnerable populations have access to sufficient and nutritious food.<\/li><li><strong>Fortification of government distributed food<\/strong>: Boost the nutritional value of the Government\u2019s Midday Meal school feeding programme, rice fortification with iron to tackle anemia.<\/li><li><strong>Enhancing Market Access and Trade: <\/strong>Reduce trade barriers and promote fair trade practices to facilitate the movement of food across borders and ensure equitable access to markets.<\/li><li><strong>Research, Innovation, and Technology: <\/strong>Promote the use of digital technologies, such as remote sensing, precision agriculture, and mobile applications, to improve farming practices, data collection, and market access.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_to_use\"><\/span><strong>Where to use ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paper_I_Geography_optional_Food_and_nutrition_problems_Food_security\"><\/span><strong>Paper I ( Geography optional ) : Food and nutrition problems, Food security&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Source_FAO\"><\/span><strong>Source <\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fao.org\/statistics\/events\/detail-events\/en\/c\/1642435\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FAO<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/data.unicef.org\/resources\/sofi-2023\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UNICEF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"News_in_brief\"><\/span><strong>News in brief&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rockies, Alps, Himalayas: More rain, less snow in Northern hemisphere mountains as temperatures rise<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news-2\"><\/span><strong>Why in news ? : <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The switch from snowfall to rainfall could increase the risk of disasters such as floods, landslides, and soil erosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-2\"><\/span>About:&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>According to new study , The Himalayas and other <strong>mountains across the Northern Hemisphere<\/strong> are likely to see 15 % more rain for every 1-degree Celsius rise in temperature due to climate change.<\/li><li>Climate change could cause a <strong>shift in&nbsp;snowfall to rainfall<\/strong> in mountain regions across the Northern Hemisphere,&nbsp;amplifying rainfall extremes, increase the risk of disasters such as floods, landslides, and soil erosion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/4uPElnP_-zT908QVjf5drKVJZWl4FdzBHWgAAEmg4qdm3BbylVvmLei1rWixK_ghNJs3UrmER-26vNKPuftYGnOKerQcihBYsdCslKGYJoakr7vTJrxVprRAkFpvj_3X3YxKcABHAqM07KgG\" width=\"602\" height=\"250\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/250;\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Areas in the darkest blue are 8 times more likely to experience an extreme rainfall event (compared to 1950-1979)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Data from 1950-2019 already shows that this transition from snowfall to rainfall has already been set in motion in the mountain regions of the Northern Hemisphere.<\/li><li>It will continue to increase at a rate of 15 per cent for every 1 degree Celsius rise in temperature. For 2 degrees and 3 degrees rise, the world would see a 30 per cent and 45 per cent increase in rain, respectively.<\/li><li>Findings revealed that <strong>Himalayas and the North American Pacific Mountain ranges<\/strong>, including the <strong>Cascades, Sierra Nevada<\/strong>, and coastal ranges from <strong>Canada to Southern California <\/strong>are more threatened than the <strong>Rockies or the Alps.<\/strong><\/li><li>In fact, our data shows that the Himalayas are likely to see higher rates of increase\u00a0than other mountainous regions.<\/li><li>The higher risk might be due to changes in atmospheric dynamics.<\/li><li>The <strong>North American Pacific Mountain range,<\/strong> for example, see a significant\u00a0portion of\u00a0snowfall at temperatures just below zero degrees Celsius.\u00a0A change in air temperature will shift this snowfall to rainfall.<\/li><li>The research team <strong>did not consider\u00a0mountain regions in Southern Hemisphere<\/strong> due to a paucity of data from the pre-satellite era (before 1979).\u00a0<\/li><li>Reports\u00a0from <strong>International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)<\/strong> found that the Hindu Kush Himalayas have seen a 65 per cent faster loss of glacier mass.<\/li><li>Report quoted a study that predicted a decline in snowfall by 30-50 per cent in the <strong>Indus Basin<\/strong>, 50-60 per cent in the <strong>Ganges<\/strong>, and 50-70 per cent in the <strong>Brahmaputra<\/strong> between 2070 and 2100 compared to the average snowfall between 1971 and 2000.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_to_use-2\"><\/span><strong>Where to use ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Paper_I_Geography_optional_Global_Climatic_change\"><\/span><strong>Paper I ( Geography optional ) : Global Climatic change&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Source_Down_To_Earth\"><\/span><strong>Source :\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/climate-change\/rockies-alps-himalayas-more-rain-less-snow-in-northern-hemisphere-mountains-as-temperatures-rise-says-report-90308#:~:text=Published%3A%20Wednesday%2028%20June%202023&amp;text=The%20Himalayas%20and%20other%20mountains,according%20to%20a%20new%20study.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Down To Earth<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"News_in_Brief\"><\/span><strong>News in Brief<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Huge_gravity_hole_in_the_middle_of_Indian_Ocean\"><\/span><strong>Huge gravity hole in the middle of Indian Ocean&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_news-3\"><\/span>Why in news ?&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore have identified the cause of an over three million square kilometres-wide &#8216;gravity hole&#8217; in the Indian Ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-3\"><\/span>About :\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>According to scientist, huge gravity hole in the middle of Indian Ocean is not a physical hole but an area in Indian Ocean where gravity of Earth is lower than average.<\/li><li>The gravity hole, known as the <strong>Indian Ocean geoid low<\/strong> was possibly due to plumes of molten rock which was rising from the remains of an ancient hotbed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gravity_varies_across_Earth\"><\/span><strong>Gravity varies across Earth<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dense continent can have more gravitational force than a zone where the crust is thinner. But, the variation in gravity in the&nbsp;Indian Ocean&nbsp;is contrasting ,<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Movement_of_tectonic_plates\"><\/span><strong>Movement of tectonic plates<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Geophysicist discovered that the possible reason for the gravity hole is the plumes of magma.<\/li><li>The phenomena might have originated 120 million years ago when the supercontinent <strong>Gondwana<\/strong> land separated.&nbsp;<\/li><li>As the Indian plate separated from the African plate, it smashed into the European plate and the ocean called Tethys was squeezed between the continental plates.<\/li><li>Some parts of these plates are still melting back into the deep Earth&#8217;s interior and generating <strong>low-intensity magma <\/strong>and creating a gravity hole.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_to_use-3\"><\/span><strong>Where to use ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paper I ( Geography optional ) : Bottom topography of Indian Ocean&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Source_Livemint\"><\/span><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/news\/india\/scientists-reveal-the-reason-behind-huge-gravity-hole-in-middle-of-indian-ocean-read-here-11688743171485.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Livemint<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_terms\"><\/span><strong>Key terms :<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Climate Finance : <\/strong>It refers to\u00a0local, national, or transnational financing\u2014drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financing\u2014that seeks to support mitigation and adaptation actions that will address climate change.<\/li><li><strong>Critical Minerals:<\/strong> Critical minerals are those\u00a0minerals that are essential for economic development and national security,\u00a0the\u00a0lack of availability of these minerals or concentration of extraction or processing in a few geographical locations may lead to supply chain vulnerabilities\u00a0and even disruption of supplies.<\/li><li><strong>Green Credit Programme : <\/strong>It means a\u00a0singular unit of an incentive provided\u00a0for a specified activity, delivering a\u00a0positive impact on the environment. The Green Credit Programme is a mechanism that\u00a0complements the domestic\u00a0Carbon Market.<\/li><li><strong>Monocotyledon : <\/strong>Monocotyledons\u00a0commonly referred to as\u00a0monocots, are\u00a0grass\u00a0and grass-like\u00a0flowering plants\u00a0(angiosperms), the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seed\">seeds<\/a>\u00a0of which typically contain only one\u00a0embryonic\u00a0leaf, or\u00a0cotyledon.<\/li><li><strong>Data Carbon ladder : <\/strong>It is a first tool that can calculate\u00a0carbon emissions\u00a0caused by\u00a0digital data, especially by companies that want to\u00a0offset\u00a0their\u00a0carbon footprint. Data carbon ladder can help businesses measure the\u00a0carbon dioxide\u00a0output\u00a0of their\u00a0digital\u00a0data.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Places_in_news\"><\/span><strong>Places in news :<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Debrigarh wild life Sanctuary : It <\/strong>is located in the Bargarh district of Odisha, near the city of Sambalpur and adjacent to the Hirakud Dam. Debrigarh joins Nalabana Bird Sanctuary in Chilika Lake as an exceptional example of wildlife sanctuaries without permanent human settlements. ( Approx. Bargarh )&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Namakkal : <\/strong>It is a special grade municipality in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/States_and_territories_of_India\">Indian state<\/a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tamil_Nadu\">Tamil Nadu<\/a>. It is the first ISO certified municipality in Asia for environmental management, specifically the provision and maintenance of water supply, solid waste and sewage management, town planning, lighting and other social services.&nbsp; Namakkal is known as the Egg City due to its large egg production and transport city.<strong> ( <\/strong>Approx<strong>. <\/strong>Salem )&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Porpanaikotta :&nbsp; <\/strong>It is a village<strong> <\/strong>in Pudukottai district of Tamil Nadu. Recently, gold stud, a bone point and a carnelian bead<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>have been unearthed by archaeologists at&nbsp;Porpanaikottai. ( Approx. Pudukottai)&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary :<\/strong> It is situated in northwestern Madhya Pradesh<strong>, <\/strong>with one its boundaries running along the border of Rajasthan<strong>.<\/strong> River Chambal&nbsp;flows through the sanctuary,&nbsp;dividing it into two parts. The vegetation in sanctuary is characterised by Northern&nbsp;tropical dry deciduous forest, Northern&nbsp;tropical dry mixed deciduous forest and Dry deciduous scrub. ( Approx.&nbsp; Mandsaur )&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Chorla Ghat :&nbsp; <\/strong>Chorla Ghat is an Indian nature destination, located on the intersection of the borders of the states of Goa, Karnataka and Maharashtra. It lies to the north-east of&nbsp;Panaji,&nbsp;Goa&nbsp;and nearly 55 kilometres from&nbsp;Belgaum&nbsp;in&nbsp;Karnataka. ( Approx. Nachinola )&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/WCHQTm-nUYnodF5YqSPNvgt1tq3KWwrBW9sxdp-hKJ-SNCboGQYpV11ahJdFHmvwyNY-FxmN9ivlFjmGvMYdRCiGfKVIzgUInovrsiTOUE6nPXTGlF9_c-r9GNdiRPrG8MuyPXLllONjL56m\" width=\"602\" height=\"802\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/802;\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_study_Namakkals_Water_Management\"><\/span><strong>Case study : Namakkal&#8217;s Water Management<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tamil Nadu\u2019s <strong>Namakkal district <\/strong>became one of the best district in India in terms of groundwater availability.The district\u2019s comprehensive approach, involving community participation, rainwater harvesting, sustainable agriculture, efficient water management systems and robust policies, has yielded tangible results.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The district also focussed on creating artificial recharge structures. The district implemented widespread rainwater harvesting systems across residential and public spaces.Rooftop collection systems, percolation tanks and check dams were constructed to capture rainwater and replenish the groundwater table.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_to_use-4\"><\/span><strong>Where to use ?&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paper I ( Geography Optional ) : Regional Planning<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Paper II ( Geography Optional) : Resources&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Source_Down_to_Earth\"><\/span>Source :\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/water\/tamil-nadu-s-namakkal-has-some-solutions-for-india-s-rising-water-woes-90331\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Down to Earth<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Question:1<\/strong><br>Consider the following statements regarding Global trend in forced displacement 2022 :<br>The report was presented by International Refugee organisation in collaboration with UN Refugee Agency\u00a0<br>The main driver of displacement in 2022 was the ethnic conflicts, causing one of the largest displacement since World War II.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2<br>Both 1 and 2<br>Neither 1 nor 2<br>Ans. D<br><strong>Statement 1 is incorrect :<\/strong> Theyear 2022 witnessed a staggering surge in the number of people uprooted from their homes due to social and\u00a0climate crises<strong>,<\/strong> as highlighted in a report by theUnited Nations High Commissioner for Refugees(UNHCR)<strong>.<\/strong><br><strong>Statement 2 is incorrect <\/strong>: The main driver of displacement in 2022 was the\u00a0full-scale war\u00a0in\u00a0Ukraine,\u00a0which erupted in February 2022\u00a0and created the fastest and one of the largest displacement crises\u00a0since\u00a0World War II.<br>By the end of 2022,\u00a0a total of 11.6 million Ukrainians remained displaced, including 5.9 million within their country\u00a0and 5.7 million who fled to neighbouring countries and beyond.<br><br><strong>Question:2<\/strong><br>With reference to Indian Ocean Dipole ( IOD ) , consider the following statements:\u00a0<br>IOD is said to be positive when the western side of the Indian Ocean, near the\u00a0Somalia coast, becomes warmer\u00a0than the eastern Indian Ocean.<br>IOD is said to be negative when the western side of the Indian Ocean, near the\u00a0Somalia coast, becomes cooler than the eastern Indian Ocean.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2<br>Both 1 and 2<br>Neither 1 nor 2<br>And. C<br><strong>Both statements are correct.<\/strong><br>IOD is said to be positive when the western side of the Indian Ocean, near the\u00a0Somalia coast, becomes warmer\u00a0than the eastern Indian Ocean.<br>It is negative when the\u00a0western Indian Ocean is cooler.<br><strong>Mechanism:Negative IOD:<\/strong><br>The air circulation in the Indian Ocean basin moves from\u00a0west to east, that is from the\u00a0African coast towards the Indonesian islands,\u00a0near the surface, and in the opposite direction at the upper levels. That means the\u00a0surface waters in the Indian Ocean get pushed from west to east.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/4TE1N0pd2-167zEtY5IDS83JuMlYEfET1owXxCghbx8eROG_VzoL83LONX4QcEehk4hb8aPmHJLtGUXt-ioU0zViGZJsE0eplx8PInwh0ok2oLqnELTBJKpCg2I6jdNuPvWoBLZiz9SAzoUN\" width=\"602\" height=\"432\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/432;\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>Question:3\u00a0<\/strong><br>Consider the following pairs :<br><strong>Places<\/strong>. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>Nearby location\u00a0<\/strong><br>Kedarnath.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 :\u00a0 \u00a0 On the way of Sonprayag<br>Badrinath. \u00a0 : \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 On the way of Joshimath\u00a0<br>Yamunotri.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 : On the way of Rudraprayag\u00a0<br>Which of the above mentioned pairs are correct?<br>One pair<br>Two pairs\u00a0<br>Three pairs\u00a0<br>None\u00a0<br>Ans. B<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/3XuX2n299jKCAOh75UFnZy9384LmguJFFiUAk2GnQP9M9kcPUxoJYP6Q9ocAioDxHFzegyZZxK4sH4JiOHkneZwVM6IHUI72CbrpxpWXTY_vvGLD7QjTYRj8qf4tGaA7sTsTVPLguVkWrdJv\" width=\"551\" height=\"327\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 551px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 551\/327;\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Question: 4\u00a0<\/strong><br>Consider the following statements regarding Bald Eagle :<br>It breeds in Russia, Kazakhstan, and Mongolia during the winter season.<br>The bird has moved from\u00a0<strong>\u2018<\/strong>Least Concern\u2019 to \u2018Endangered\u2019\u00a0under\u00a0IUCN Red List.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2<br>Both 1 and 2<br>Neither 1 nor 2<br><strong>Ans.\u00a0 D<\/strong><br><strong>Both statements are incorrect\u00a0<\/strong><br>The bald eagle&#8217;s\u00a0natural range covers most of North America, including most of Canada, all of the continental US, and northern Mexico.<br>It is the\u00a0only sea eagle endemic to North America.<br><strong>Characteristics:<\/strong>The averagelife span of bald eagles is 20 to 30 years.<br>Bald eagles\u00a0build their nests at the very top of tall trees\u00a0so the eggs will be safe.<br>Female bald eagles are a bit bigger than the males.<br><strong>Feeding Pattern:<\/strong>Besides live fish, bald eagles also\u00a0prey on other birds,\u00a0small mammals, snakes, turtles, and crabs, and\u00a0they readily eat carrion\u00a0(decaying flesh of dead animals).<br><strong>Protection Status:<\/strong><br><strong>IUCN :<\/strong>\u00a0Least Concern<br><br><strong>Question: 5<\/strong><br>Consider the following:\u00a0<br>Antimony and copper\u00a0<br>Erbium and Rhodium<br>Potash and Barite\u00a0<br>Which of the above mentioned pairs are considered as Critical minerals in India ?<br>One pair<br>Two pairs<br>Three pairs<br>None\u00a0<br><strong>Ans. A<\/strong><br><strong>Only pair 1 is correct\u00a0<\/strong><br>India has identified 30 critical mineralsthat are deemed essential for the country\u2019s \u201cself-reliance\u201d and is making moves to address potential supply chain vulnerabilities. The list encompasses a diverse range of minerals, including antimony, beryllium, bismuth, cobalt, copper, gallium, germanium, graphite, hafnium, indium, lithium, molybdenum, niobium, nickel, phosphorous, potash, titanium, tungsten, and rare earth elements. Rare earth metals are a group of 17 elements \u2013\u00a0<strong>lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium.<\/strong><br><br><strong>Question:6<\/strong><br>With reference to Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure , consider the following:<br>It is a\u00a0 global partnership of national governments,\u00a0United Nationsand\u00a0 private sector,\u00a0 onpromoting the resilience of infrastructure systems to climate risks.<br>It is \u00a0anchored on the four priorities for action set out in the Sendai Framework.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2<br>Both 1 and 2<br>Neither 1 nor 2<br><strong>Ans. A<\/strong><br><strong>Statement 1 is correct:\u00a0<\/strong><br>CDRI is a global partnership of national governments,\u00a0United Nations\u00a0agencies, multilateral development banks, private sector, and academic and knowledge institutions that work on\u00a0promoting the resilience of infrastructure systems to climate and disaster risks.<br><strong>Aim:<\/strong>Ensuresustainable development\u00a0by supporting countries in developing policies, standards, guidelines, and best practices for resilient infrastructure.<br><strong>Members:<\/strong>Since its inception,31 countries, 6 international organizations and 2 private sector organizations\u00a0have joined CDRI as members.<br><strong>6 International Organizations:\u00a0<\/strong>Asian Development Bank (ADB),\u00a0World Bank Group,\u00a0United Nations Development Programme (UNDP),\u00a0United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR),\u00a0European Union,\u00a0European Investment Bank.<br><strong>Statement 2 is incorrect :\u00a0 <\/strong>The given statement has nothing to do with Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure.<br><br><strong>Question: 7\u00a0<\/strong><br>With reference to Green Credit Programme , consider the following statements:\u00a0<br>The \u2018Green Credit\u2019 means a\u00a0singular unit of an incentive provided\u00a0for a specified activity, delivering a\u00a0positive impact on the environment.<br>It was first announced in the 2023 -24 Union Budget with a view to leverage a competitive market-based approach and incentivize\u00a0voluntary environmental actions of various stakeholders.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2<br>Both 1 and 2<br>Neither 1 nor 2<br>Ans. C<br><strong>Both statements are correct .<\/strong><br><br>It was first announced in the\u00a02023-24 Union Budget\u00a0with a view to leverage a competitive market-based approach and incentivize\u00a0voluntary environmental actions of various stakeholders.<br>What is the Green Credit Programme?<br><strong>About:<\/strong>The \u2018Green Credit\u2019 means a\u00a0singular unit of an incentive provided\u00a0for a specified activity, delivering a\u00a0positive impact on the environment.<br>The Green Credit Programme as a mechanism that\u00a0complements the domestic\u00a0Carbon Market.<br>While the domestic carbon market focuses solely on\u00a0CO2 Emission reductions,\u00a0the Green Credit\u00a0System aims to meet other environmental obligations as well , incentivizing sustainable actions by companies, individuals, and local bodies<br>The green credits will be tradable and those\u00a0earning it will be able to put these credits up for sale\u00a0on a proposed domestic market platform.<br><br><strong>Question:8<\/strong><br>Consider the following statements regarding Debrigarh wild life sanctuary :\u00a0<br>It is located in the Kandhmal district of Odisha.<br>It also forms the catchment area of the Jonk River.\u00a0<br>The sanctuary is bound on the east and north by the huge Hirakud reservoir.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements are correct ?<br>Only one statement is correct<br>Only two statements are correct<br>Only third statement is correct .<br>All three statements are correct.<br>Ans. C<br>Statement 1 is incorrect : The\u00a0Debrigarh wildlife sanctuary\u00a0is located in the\u00a0Bargarh district\u00a0in the Indian state of\u00a0Odisha, covering a total area of 346.91 km<sup>2\u00a0<\/sup><br><sup>Statement 2 is incorrect: Jonk river forms the catchment of Sunabeda Wildlife sanctuary in Odisha.<\/sup><br><sup>Statement 3 is correct:<\/sup>The Debrigarh Wildlife Sanctuary is an important location for the conservation of various local\u00a0wildlife\u00a0and their\u00a0habitat. It is home to a wide variety of\u00a0flora\u00a0and\u00a0fauna. Over 40 species of\u00a0mammals, 200 species of\u00a0birds, 40 species of\u00a0reptiles, 12 species of\u00a0amphibians, 42 species of\u00a0fishes, 39 species of\u00a0odonates, 85 species of\u00a0butterflies\u00a0and 38 species of\u00a0spiders\u00a0have been found living in the sanctuary.<br>The sanctuary is bound on the east and north by the huge Hirakud reservoir.<br><br><strong>Question: 9<\/strong><br>India witnessed significant advancements in its\u00a0biodiversity\u00a0knowledge in the year 2022\u00a0with the\u00a0addition of numerous animal and plant species to its faunal and floral databases. A significant discovery was the\u00a0Sela macaque (Macaca selai), a new\u00a0macaque species\u00a0found in\u00a0 which among the following place ?<br>A.\u00a0 Kerala<br>B. Tamil Nadu<br>C. Arunachal Pradesh\u00a0<br>D. Assam<br>Ans. C<br>India witnessed significant advancements in its\u00a0biodiversity\u00a0knowledge in the year 2022\u00a0with the\u00a0addition of numerous animal and plant species to its faunal and floral databases.<br>The findings were compiled in two publications:<strong>\u00a0&#8220;<\/strong>Animal Discoveries &#8211; New Species and New Records 2023&#8243;\u00a0by the\u00a0Zoological Survey of India (ZSI)\u00a0and\u00a0&#8220;Plant Discoveries 2022&#8221; by the\u00a0Botanical Survey of India (BSI).<br><br>A significant discovery was the\u00a0Sela macaque (Macaca selai), a new\u00a0macaque species\u00a0found in\u00a0Arunachal Pradesh.<br>Notable new records include the sighting of Macaca leucogenys, a white-cheeked macaque, in West Siang, Arunachal Pradesh that was previously found in southeastern Tibet.<br><br><strong>Question: 10<\/strong><br>With reference to\u2019 Global Environment Facility\u2019, which of the following statements is \/ are correct ?<br>It serves as financial mechanism for \u2018 Convention on Biological Diversity \u2018 and \u2018 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change \u2018<br>It undertakes scientific research on environmental issues at global level.<br>It is an agency under OECD\u00a0 to facilitate the transfer of technology and funds to underdeveloped countries with specific aim to protect their environment.<br>Both ( a) and ( b)<br>Ans. A<br><strong>Global Environment Facility<\/strong><br>It is an independently operating financial organization<br>GEF is multilateral financial mechanism that provides grants to developing countries for projects that benefit global environment and promote sustainable livelihoods in local communities.<br>In 1992, at the Rio Earth Summit, the GEF was restructured and\u00a0<strong>moved <\/strong>out of the World Bank\u00a0system to become a permanent, separate institution.<br>Since 1994, however, the World Bank has served as the Trustee of the GEF Trust Fund and provided administrative services.<br>It is based in\u00a0Washington DC, United States.<br>The program supports an active portfolio of over 200 investments globally.<br>GEF serves as financial mechanism for :Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)<br>United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)<br>UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD)<br>Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)<br>Minamata Convention on Mercury<br>India\u00a0is bothdonor and recipient\u00a0of GEF.<br><br><strong>Question:11<\/strong><br>Consider the following statements regarding Solar radiation management ( SRM )\u00a0 :<br>Both Stratospheric Aerosol Injection and Marine Cloud Brightening\u00a0 are methods of Solar radiation management.<br>SRM has unintended side effects on regional or global climate systems, such as\u00a0altering precipitation patterns.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2<br>Both 1 and 2<br>Neither 1 nor 2<br>Ans. C<br><strong>Statement 1 is correct : <\/strong>Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI):\u00a0This involves\u00a0injecting reflective particles, such as\u00a0sulfate\u00a0aerosols,\u00a0into the upper atmosphere (stratosphere), where they would scatter some of the incoming solar radiation back into space.<br>This would\u00a0mimic the cooling effect of\u00a0volcanic eruptions,\u00a0which also release aerosols into the stratosphere.<br><strong>Marine Cloud Brightening (MCB):<\/strong>\u00a0This involves\u00a0spraying fine droplets of seawater or other substances into low-level clouds (marine stratocumulus)\u00a0over the oceans, where they would act as cloud condensation nuclei and increase the reflectivity and persistence of the clouds.<br>This would enhance the cooling effect of clouds,\u00a0which already reflect about 20% of the incoming solar radiation.<br>Statement 2 is correct : SRM\u00a0could not address all aspects of\u00a0climate change,\u00a0such as\u00a0ocean acidification, biodiversity loss, or sea level rise due to thermal expansion. It could have negative or unintended side effects on regional or global climate systems, such as\u00a0altering precipitation patterns, affecting monsoons,\u00a0droughts, storms, or crop yields.<br><br><strong>Question:12<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Consider the following statements regarding Community Forest Resource (CFR) rights:\u00a0<br>The CFR rights are acknowledged under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers\u00a0Act.<br>These rights provide for recognition of the right to \u201cprotect, regenerate the community forest but not\u00a0 to formulate rules for forest use\u00a0without consulting State government<br>Chhattisgarh is the first state to recognise community Forest resource rights in Kanger Ghati National Park<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2 and 3<br>Only 1 and 2<br>Only 2 and 3<br>Ans. A<br><strong>Statement 1 is correct:<\/strong> The CFR rights are acknowledged under the Section 3(1) (i) of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act.This is commonly referred to as the Forest Rights Act or the FRA<br><strong>Statement 2 is incorrect: <\/strong>It aims to provide for recognition of the right to \u201cprotect, regenerate or conserve or manage\u201d the community forest resource.These rights allow the community to formulate rules for forest use by itself and others and thereby discharge its responsibilities under Section 5 of the FRA.<br><strong>Statement 3 is incorrect :<\/strong> In 2016,\u00a0the Odisha government\u00a0was the first to recognise Community Forest Resources (CFRs) inside the Simlipal National Park.<br><br><strong>Question:13<\/strong><br>With reference to Meta Population management , consider the following statements:\u00a0<br>Thismodel look at dynamics of population size and carrying capacity<br>This\u00a0model focuses on extinction-recolonization dynamics.\u00a0<br>Which of the above mentioned statements is\/ are correct ?<br>Only 1<br>Only 2<br>Both 1 and 2<br>Neither 1 nor 2<br><strong>Ans. B\u00a0<\/strong><br>Logistic population models look at dynamics of population size (N) and carrying capacity (K), while metapopulation models focus on extinction-recolonization dynamics. In South Africa, a conservation strategy called\u00a0meta-population managementwas used to protect cheetahs.<br>This strategy involved\u00a0moving cheetahs from one small group to another\u00a0to ensure that they have\u00a0enough genetic diversity and to maintain a healthy population.<br>This approach was successful in maintaining a\u00a0viable population of cheetahs in South Africa; in 6 years, the meta-population grew to 328 cheetahs<br><br><strong>Question: 14\u00a0<\/strong><br>Consider the following statements regarding Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve :<br>This elephant reserve is included with Simlipal National Park, located in Odisha.<br>The main feature of reserve is the Hadgarh reservoir , adjoining with Baula hills.<br>The reserve is on the side of Salandi river.<br>Which of the above mentioned statements are correct?<br>One statement<br>Two statements\u00a0<br>Three statements\u00a0<br>None\u00a0<br><strong>Ans. C<\/strong><br><strong>Statement 1 is correct:<\/strong> Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve encompasses three protected areas like\u00a0Similipal Tiger Reserve,\u00a0Hadgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary.\u00a0<br><strong>Statement 2 is correct <\/strong>: The main feature of the Mayurbhaj Elephant Reserve is the Hadgarh Sanctuary and the reservoir of Hadgarh, which is adjoining with Baula Hills.<br><strong>Statement 3 is correct: <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The reservoir of Hadgarh is built on Salandi River that takes its origin in southern Similipal Tiger Reserve<br><br><strong>Question: 15<\/strong><br>Why is there a great concern about the \u2018 micro beads \u2018 that are released into the environment?<br>They are considered harmful to marine ecosystems.<br>They are considered to cause skin cancer in children.<br>They are small enough to be absorbed by crop plants in irrigated fields.<br>They are often found to be used as food adulterants<br>Ans. A<br>Microbeads are\u00a0smaller forms of plastic, no greater in size than 5 mm.<br>Microbeads are added as an exfoliating agent to cosmetics and personal care products, such as soap, facial scrub and toothpastes.\u00a0<br>Microplastic sources also include breakdown of discarded bags and plastic packaging, particles from vehicle tyres, synthetic fibres from textiles, etc.<br>Microbeadsescape the filtration and treatment processes for waste water and end up in sites of nature.<br>This is resulting in significant global impacts on wildlife from marine environment pollution.<br>World\u2019s coastal countries currently do not have the concerned recycling policies nor the technical capabilities, and so large quantities of plastic are not recycled and enter landfill.<br>The durable properties of plastics make them persistent and slow to degrade in the environment entering the food chains.<br>It holds the potential for both bioaccumulation and biomagnification.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome to the world of UPSC Geography Current Affairs for the 24th of July, 2023. 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