{"id":16365,"date":"2023-11-17T12:17:39","date_gmt":"2023-11-17T12:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=16365"},"modified":"2023-11-17T12:17:42","modified_gmt":"2023-11-17T12:17:42","slug":"hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Hindu Literature in Ancient India &#8211; UPSC Art &#038; Culture Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-csat-test-series?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=CSAT+Test+Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42415\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-csat-test-series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UPSC CSAT Test Series<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s ancient past is adorned with the luminous jewels of Vedic literature, a vast and profound corpus of texts that encompass a wide variety of knowledge, culture, and philosophy. <strong><em>These scriptures, divided into two categories, Shruti and Smriti, hold the key to understanding the spiritual, philosophical, and societal dimensions of ancient India.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e6bfa2c121a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e6bfa2c121a\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#The_Two_Timelines_Older_Vedic_and_Later_Vedic\" title=\"The Two Timelines: Older Vedic and Later Vedic\">The Two Timelines: Older Vedic and Later Vedic<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#A_Knowledge_Repository\" title=\"A Knowledge Repository\">A Knowledge Repository<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Philosophical_Insights_and_Ethical_Values\" title=\"Philosophical Insights and Ethical Values\">Philosophical Insights and Ethical Values<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Eminent_Women_in_Vedic_Literature\" title=\"Eminent Women in Vedic Literature\">Eminent Women in Vedic Literature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Allied_Vedic_Literature\" title=\"Allied Vedic Literature\">Allied Vedic Literature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Environmental_Awareness_in_Vedic_Literature\" title=\"Environmental Awareness in Vedic Literature\">Environmental Awareness in Vedic Literature<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Classifications_of_Vedic_Literature_Shruti_and_Smriti\" title=\"Classifications of Vedic Literature: Shruti and Smriti\">Classifications of Vedic Literature: Shruti and Smriti<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Shruti_The_Heard_Knowledge\" title=\"Shruti: The Heard Knowledge\">Shruti: The Heard Knowledge<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Smriti_The_Remembered_Knowledge\" title=\"Smriti: The Remembered Knowledge\">Smriti: The Remembered Knowledge<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#FAQs_on_Hindu_Literature_in_Ancient_India\" title=\"FAQs on Hindu Literature in Ancient India\">FAQs on Hindu Literature in Ancient India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#1_What_is_Hindu_literature_and_what_are_its_primary_sources_in_ancient_India\" title=\"1. What is Hindu literature, and what are its primary sources in ancient India?\">1. What is Hindu literature, and what are its primary sources in ancient India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#2_How_did_the_Vedas_contribute_to_Hindu_literature_in_ancient_India\" title=\"2. How did the Vedas contribute to Hindu literature in ancient India?\">2. How did the Vedas contribute to Hindu literature in ancient India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#3_What_are_the_major_epics_in_Hindu_literature_and_what_cultural_significance_do_they_hold\" title=\"3. What are the major epics in Hindu literature, and what cultural significance do they hold?\">3. What are the major epics in Hindu literature, and what cultural significance do they hold?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#4_How_did_the_Puranas_contribute_to_Hindu_mythology_and_religious_traditions\" title=\"4. How did the Puranas contribute to Hindu mythology and religious traditions?\">4. How did the Puranas contribute to Hindu mythology and religious traditions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#5_What_role_did_Sanskrit_plays_in_the_development_of_Hindu_literature_in_ancient_India\" title=\"5. What role did Sanskrit plays in the development of Hindu literature in ancient India?\">5. What role did Sanskrit plays in the development of Hindu literature in ancient India?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/hindu-literature-in-ancient-india-upsc-art-culture-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Two_Timelines_Older_Vedic_and_Later_Vedic\"><\/span><strong>The Two Timelines: Older Vedic and Later Vedic<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Vedic culture is characterized by a division into two distinct timelines: the Older Vedic period and the Later Vedic period. <strong><em>In North India, the Early Vedic period aligns with the Chalcolithic culture, while the Later Vedic period corresponds to the Painted Grey pottery and the Iron Age.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Knowledge_Repository\"><\/span><strong>A Knowledge Repository<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>During the Vedic era, a remarkable synthesis of knowledge occurred, giving rise to various fields of philosophy, literature, and science. <strong><em>These included linguistics, algebra, ethics, astronomy, and literature.<\/em><\/strong> It was a period of intellectual flourishing, laying the foundations for profound insights into life and existence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Philosophical_Insights_and_Ethical_Values\"><\/span><strong>Philosophical Insights and Ethical Values<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedic literature emphasizes profound philosophical concepts such as <strong><em>meditation and the cycle of birth and death.<\/em><\/strong> It extols the virtues of mercy, generosity, self-control, and good behavior while emphasizing the concept of karma, the law of cause and effect. These teachings continue to shape Hindu philosophy and ethical values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eminent_Women_in_Vedic_Literature\"><\/span><strong>Eminent Women in Vedic Literature<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedic literature also celebrates the presence of illustrious women who contributed significantly to the intellectual and spiritual landscape. <strong><em>Figures like Ghosha, Sulabha Maitreyi, Lopamudra, and Gargi<\/em><\/strong> are revered for their wisdom and contributions to Vedic thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Allied_Vedic_Literature\"><\/span><strong>Allied Vedic Literature<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the core Vedic texts, there exist allied Vedic literature, <strong><em>including Vedangas, Darshanas, the Sutras, Upavedas, the Dharmashastras, and the Ashtadhyayi.<\/em><\/strong> These texts offer a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of Vedic knowledge and its application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Environmental_Awareness_in_Vedic_Literature\"><\/span><strong>Environmental Awareness in Vedic Literature<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Surprisingly, Vedic literature exhibits a remarkable sense of environmental consciousness. It emphasizes that the <strong><em>environment belongs to all living beings and underscores the imperative of preserving it for the welfare of all.<\/em><\/strong> These ancient teachings resonate with contemporary environmental concerns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classifications_of_Vedic_Literature_Shruti_and_Smriti\"><\/span><strong>Classifications of Vedic Literature: Shruti and Smriti<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedic literature is classified into two main categories: Shruti and Smriti, each with its unique characteristics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shruti_The_Heard_Knowledge\"><\/span><strong>Shruti: The Heard Knowledge<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Shruti, meaning &#8220;that which is heard,&#8221; comprises the sacred texts of the <strong><em>Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, and Upanishads.<\/em><\/strong> These texts were passed down through oral tradition from teacher to student, and they are revered as containing eternal knowledge. Shruti is considered the earliest literature of Hinduism and holds unparalleled authority in Hindu thought.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Smriti_The_Remembered_Knowledge\"><\/span><strong>Smriti: The Remembered Knowledge<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Smriti, meaning &#8220;remembered,&#8221; encompasses a vast body of post-Vedic Classical Sanskrit literature. It includes <strong><em>Vedangas, Shad darshana, Itihasa, Puranas, Maha Kavyas, Upveda, Agamas, Upangas, Tantras, and more.<\/em><\/strong> These texts, although less authoritative than Shruti, play a vital role in interpreting and elucidating Vedic philosophy and societal norms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Among the Smriti texts, works like the Manu-smriti (Laws of Manu) offer valuable insights into social behavior and law, while the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata narrate timeless stories and moral lessons.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vedic literature represents an invaluable treasure of knowledge, philosophy, and wisdom. It continues to inspire and guide generations with its timeless teachings, making it an integral part of India&#8217;s cultural and intellectual heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_on_Hindu_Literature_in_Ancient_India\"><\/span>FAQs on Hindu Literature in Ancient India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_Hindu_literature_and_what_are_its_primary_sources_in_ancient_India\"><\/span><strong>1. What is Hindu literature, and what are its primary sources in ancient India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hindu literature in ancient India refers to a vast body of sacred and secular texts composed in various languages, including Sanskrit, Prakrit, and Tamil. The primary sources include the Vedas, Upanishads, Puranas, Epics (Ramayana and Mahabharata), and Dharma Shastras. These texts cover a wide range of subjects, including philosophy, mythology, law, poetry, and narrative literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_did_the_Vedas_contribute_to_Hindu_literature_in_ancient_India\"><\/span><strong>2. How did the Vedas contribute to Hindu literature in ancient India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Vedas are among the oldest sacred texts in Hinduism, consisting of four collections: Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. They form the foundation of Hindu literature and encompass hymns, rituals, and philosophical discussions. The Vedas played a crucial role in shaping religious and cultural practices and inspired subsequent texts that expanded on their themes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_are_the_major_epics_in_Hindu_literature_and_what_cultural_significance_do_they_hold\"><\/span><strong>3. What are the major epics in Hindu literature, and what cultural significance do they hold?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ancient Hindu literature features two major epics: the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Ramayana narrates the story of Lord Rama, his wife Sita, and his loyal companion Hanuman. The Mahabharata is an epic that includes the Bhagavad Gita and narrates the Kurukshetra War. These epics not only provide moral and ethical teachings but also serve as cultural touchstones, influencing art, literature, and performing arts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_How_did_the_Puranas_contribute_to_Hindu_mythology_and_religious_traditions\"><\/span><strong>4. How did the Puranas contribute to Hindu mythology and religious traditions?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Puranas are a genre of ancient Hindu literature that consists of mythological stories, legends, and genealogies of gods, goddesses, and heroes. They contribute significantly to Hindu mythology, providing insights into the creation of the universe, the genealogy of deities, and the moral and ethical principles of dharma. The Puranas played a crucial role in popularizing religious narratives and influencing devotional practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_What_role_did_Sanskrit_plays_in_the_development_of_Hindu_literature_in_ancient_India\"><\/span><strong>5. What role did Sanskrit plays in the development of Hindu literature in ancient India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sanskrit, the classical language of ancient India, served as the primary medium for the composition of Hindu texts. Many sacred scriptures, philosophical treatises, and literary works, including the Vedas, Upanishads, and epics, were written in Sanskrit. The language played a vital role in preserving and disseminating Hindu knowledge, philosophy, and cultural heritage, making it a unifying force in the development of ancient Hindu literature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India&#8217;s ancient past is adorned with the luminous jewels of Vedic literature, a vast and profound corpus of texts that encompass a wide variety of knowledge, culture, and philosophy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":16366,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[379],"tags":[380,186,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-16365","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-and-culture","tag-art-culture","tag-general-studies-1","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16365","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16365"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16365\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16367,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16365\/revisions\/16367"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16365"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16365"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16365"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}