{"id":18461,"date":"2023-12-05T07:41:24","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T07:41:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=18461"},"modified":"2024-01-20T09:13:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T09:13:35","slug":"chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Chalcolithic Period &#8211; UPSC Ancient History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Several cultures started using metal, mostly copper and low-grade bronze with the end of the Neolithic Age. The culture based on the use of copper and stone was termed as Chalcolithic, meaning stone-copper Phase. The term Chalcolithic means \u201ccopper\u201d and \u201cstone\u201d or Copper Age; it is also known as the Eneolithic or Aeneolithic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ff4e704f5a8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ff4e704f5a8\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Chalcolithic_Culture_in_India\" title=\"Chalcolithic Culture in India\">Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Characteristics_of_this_Culture_include\" title=\"Characteristics of this Culture include:\">Characteristics of this Culture include:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Pottery\" title=\"Pottery\">Pottery<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Domestication_of_Animals\" title=\"Domestication of Animals\">Domestication of Animals<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Agriculture\" title=\"Agriculture\">Agriculture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Houses_and_Burial_Styles\" title=\"Houses and Burial Styles\">Houses and Burial Styles<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Tools_and_Weapons\" title=\"Tools and Weapons\">Tools and Weapons<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Art_and_Craft\" title=\"Art and Craft\">Art and Craft<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Chalcolithic_Cultures_Identified_on_Basis_of_Their_Geographical_Location\" title=\"Chalcolithic Cultures Identified on Basis of Their Geographical Location\">Chalcolithic Cultures Identified on Basis of Their Geographical Location<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#i_Ahar_Culture\" title=\"i. Ahar Culture\">i. Ahar Culture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#ii_Kayatha_Culture\" title=\"ii. Kayatha Culture\">ii. Kayatha Culture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#iii_Malwa_Culture\" title=\"iii. Malwa Culture\">iii. Malwa Culture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#iv_Jorwe_Culture\" title=\"iv. Jorwe Culture\">iv. Jorwe Culture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#v_Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_Culture\" title=\"v. Ochre Coloured Pottery Culture\">v. Ochre Coloured Pottery Culture<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#vi_Painted_Grey_Ware_PGW\" title=\"vi. Painted Grey Ware (PGW):\">vi. Painted Grey Ware (PGW):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Q1_What_is_the_Chalcolithic_Period_and_when_did_it_occur\" title=\"Q1: What is the Chalcolithic Period, and when did it occur?\">Q1: What is the Chalcolithic Period, and when did it occur?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Q2_What_technological_advancements_define_the_Chalcolithic_Period\" title=\"Q2: What technological advancements define the Chalcolithic Period?\">Q2: What technological advancements define the Chalcolithic Period?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Q3_How_did_the_Chalcolithic_Period_impact_social_structures_and_lifestyles\" title=\"Q3: How did the Chalcolithic Period impact social structures and lifestyles?\">Q3: How did the Chalcolithic Period impact social structures and lifestyles?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Q4_What_are_some_notable_archaeological_sites_from_the_Chalcolithic_Period\" title=\"Q4: What are some notable archaeological sites from the Chalcolithic Period?\">Q4: What are some notable archaeological sites from the Chalcolithic Period?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Q5_Did_agriculture_play_a_significant_role_during_the_Chalcolithic_Period\" title=\"Q5: Did agriculture play a significant role during the Chalcolithic Period?\">Q5: Did agriculture play a significant role during the Chalcolithic Period?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/chalcolithic-period-upsc-ancient-history-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chalcolithic_Culture_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Chalcolithic Culture in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In India, the Chalcolithic period spanned around 2000 BC to 700 BC.<\/li><li>The culture was mainly seen in the Pre-Harappan phase but extended to the Post-Harappan phase in many places.<\/li><li>The people were mostly rural and lived near hills and rivers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_this_Culture_include\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics of this Culture include:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pottery\"><\/span><strong>Pottery<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Polychrome painted pottery was a main identifying characteristic of the Chalcolithic period.<\/li><li>Ceramic forms found on Chalcolithic sites include \u201cfenestrated pottery,\u201d pots with openings cut into the walls.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Domestication_of_Animals\"><\/span><strong>Domestication of Animals<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Farmers raised domestic animals such as sheep-goats, cattle, and pigs, supplemented by hunting and fishing.<\/li><li>Milk and milk by-products were important, as were fruit trees such as fig and olive.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Agriculture\"><\/span><strong>Agriculture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The major crops cultivated were barley, wheat, lentil, bajra, jowar, ragi millets, green pea, green and black gram.<\/li><li>Traces of rice cultivation are also found, showing that their food included fish and rice.<\/li><li>Eastern India produced rice and Western India produced barley.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Houses_and_Burial_Styles\"><\/span><strong>Houses and Burial Styles<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Houses built by Chalcolithic farmers were constructed of stone or mudbrick.<\/li><li>One characteristic pattern is a chain building, a row of rectangular houses connected to one another by shared party walls on the short ends.<\/li><li>Burials varied widely from group to group, from single interments to jar burials to small box-shaped above-ground ossuary and even rock-cut tombs.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tools_and_Weapons\"><\/span><strong>Tools and Weapons<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Metals such as copper and its alloys were used to make knives, axes, fishing hooks, chisels, pins, and rods.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Art_and_Craft\"><\/span><strong>Art and Craft<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The people of Chalcolithic Age were expert coppersmiths, ivory carvers, lime makers, and terracotta artisans.<\/li><li>Ornaments were made from semiprecious stones and beads such as agate, jasper, chalcedony, and carnelian.<\/li><li>People had knowledge of spinning and weaving, and flax, cotton, and silk thread were found at sites in Maharashtra.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/caUF6ytZOTBXp5dUd_MJW8pmb3wQl1V6kKvTBHpbAABTBu6V0yGe2bUrsaYoeDpEZJ9q9C-kwHYGrLNtPLL0wTpsI1Ek5w6bTV5hGhEo2YJh4rjHNnJCE0yeZdFFay1Ns0KBrGQwpPo8cX8yIiif7Gs\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chalcolithic_Cultures_Identified_on_Basis_of_Their_Geographical_Location\"><\/span><strong>Chalcolithic Cultures Identified on Basis of Their Geographical Location<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_Ahar_Culture\"><\/span><strong>i. Ahar Culture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Ahar culture, also known as the Banas culture, is among the earliest Chalcolithic cultures of India.<\/li><li>Major excavated sites are Ahar and Balathal in Udaipur district, Gilund in Rajsamanad district, Ojiyana in Bhilwara district Rajasthan.<\/li><li>Ahar culture had a rich ceramic tradition consisting of Tan ware, thin Red ware, Black and Red ware, and Grey ware.<\/li><li>Shapes include dishes, dish on stands, and globular.<\/li><li>Available radio-carbon dates (calibrated) suggest a time bracket of 2025 BC\u2014 1270 BC for the Chalcolithic Phase.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/6TgTavN4DK1jQBeLryVi80di5Ql64Xb_27dn2gkXBHRLGHfC2OdPqpkI_UwmlqiRnYigUrzJP_5vH-8Ibx28ODem7UXUO0uQjXTgKBIkS60hLe52Ytqg4uFqFdSAyGbKqLDql8QJPB2DHet-8mxt6HY\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ii_Kayatha_Culture\"><\/span><strong>ii. Kayatha Culture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Named after type site Kayatha, in Ujjain district, Madhya Pradesh<\/li><li>Radiocarbon dates suggest a period of 2000 to 1800 BC<\/li><li>Ceramics include chocolate slipped ware (Kayatha ware), bowls, storage jars, and basins<\/li><li>Similarities with pre-Harappan sites<\/li><li>People lived in small huts with well-rammed floors and wattle and daub walls<\/li><li>Mixed economy: subsistence farming, stock raising, and hunting-fishing<\/li><li>Grew barley and wheat, domesticated animals included cattle and sheep\/goat<\/li><li>Horse remains found in Chalcolithic level at Kayatha<\/li><li>End of culture ascribed to an earthquake<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/wJLopP8e_Q_B955phFzaRtpHtx-sL4vkdHL7e1egClFONWx1PUjS76gsThUBK10S9BTbeTc16cgPDgmZQZYCYuPxmwZQTI8kBOljHIwh_uXjCFgUOZGVXvo7l5cpBfZOF25VyhkXSl7roZ18VhpAe-w\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iii_Malwa_Culture\"><\/span><strong>iii. Malwa Culture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Predominant chalcolithic culture of central India, with a wide distribution of sites in Malwa region<\/li><li>First identified in excavations at Maheshwar, on river Narmada<\/li><li>Radiocarbon dates place culture in 1900-1400 BC<\/li><li>Sites mostly found on the banks of the tributaries<\/li><li>Subsistence based on farming of wheat, barley, jawar, rice, legumes, oilseeds, and fruits<\/li><li>Material culture includes Malwa ware, buff or cream slipped with painted patterns in dark brown, as well as other ceramic types<\/li><li>Religious beliefs reconstructed from fragmentary evidence such as terracotta female and bull figurines<\/li><li>Decline of the Malwa culture placed around 1400 BC, coinciding with that of Ahar culture<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iv_Jorwe_Culture\"><\/span><strong>iv. Jorwe Culture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Most important and characteristic chalcolithic culture of Maharashtra, extending almost all over the present state except the coastal strip on the west and Vidarbha in the northeast<\/li><li>Named after type site of Jorwe in Ahmadnagar district, Gujarat<\/li><li>Discovered in 1950<\/li><li>Large centers found in Prakash in the Tapi valley, Daimabad in the Pravara-Godavari valley, and Inamgaon in the Bhima valley<\/li><li>Early Jorwe houses rectangular, while late Jorwe ones circular<\/li><li>Many Jorwe sites classified as villages, most about 2 ha in extent<\/li><li>Subsistence based on dry-farming with stock-raising and hunting-fishing as ancillary activities<\/li><li>Crops grown include barley, wheat, jowar, rice, ragi, green pea, grass pea, lentil, and green and black gram<\/li><li>Mode of disposal of the dead involved child burials in urns laid in pits and chopping off portion below ankles in adult burials<\/li><li>Many settlements deserted at end of second millennium BC for climatic deterioration<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/5DXQ51q8SLgTvMkiKKkEguWed588crii4WZ_vqbnx3tdUfrk6sfK-_ZKR9HAw4ebWsTsHVQNJRdg6o-xlvlZlpk2NUy_36LVB_vi6qToY6_yHhS6MxB10Q0sddXy7_dpBCt0B38OzOsVu-GzHljEIEQ\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"v_Ochre_Coloured_Pottery_Culture\"><\/span><strong>v. Ochre Coloured Pottery Culture<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Named after a ceramic type which is extremely rolled and fragile with a wash of red ochre which is easily washed off<\/li><li>Led a sedentary existence, similar to many early farming communities of this period<\/li><li>Domesticated animals like cattle and evidence of cultivated crops like rice and barley provide information on their subsistence practices<\/li><li>Found in Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana, and western Uttar Pradesh<\/li><li>Chronological span ranges from 2600 to 900 BC<\/li><li>Assigned to pre-Harappans, Harappans, or Late Harappans, Aryans, or tribal association<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"vi_Painted_Grey_Ware_PGW\"><\/span><strong>vi. Painted Grey Ware (PGW):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>PGW is a fine, smooth, even-colored grey pottery with a thin fabric.<\/li><li>It was made out of well-worked, high-quality clay, and was a deluxe ware, forming a small percentage of the total pottery assemblage.<\/li><li>PGW culture dates from 1100-500\/400 BCE, with a wide geographical distribution.<\/li><li>Apart from the plains, it has been found in hilly regions such as Kumaon and Garhwal.<\/li><li>Structural remains at PGW levels consist mainly of wattle-and-daub and mud huts.<\/li><li>Unbaked and baked bricks were found at Hastinapura, while Jakhera represents a fairly-evolved proto-urban stage of this culture.<\/li><li>The PGW sites indicate a subsistence base that included cultivation of rice, wheat, and barley, with animal husbandry also practiced.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, in the Chalcolithic period, copper predominated in metalworking technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence it was the period before it was discovered that by adding tin to copper one could create bronze, a metal alloy harder and stronger than either component.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In relevance to India, to sum up, the scenario in north, west and central India in the period spanning from beginning of the 3rd millennium \u2013 800 BCE speaks of a great deal of diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, the survey of Chalcolithic sites in India, also highlights the regional diversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_the_Chalcolithic_Period_and_when_did_it_occur\"><\/span>Q1: What is the Chalcolithic Period, and when did it occur? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: The Chalcolithic Period, also known as the Copper Age, is a transitional phase in human prehistory characterized by the use of both stone and copper tools. It generally occurred between the Neolithic and Bronze Age, spanning from around 4500 BCE to 3300 BCE in different regions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_What_technological_advancements_define_the_Chalcolithic_Period\"><\/span>Q2: What technological advancements define the Chalcolithic Period? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: One of the key features of the Chalcolithic Period is the advent of metalworking, specifically the use of copper for tools and ornaments. This technological shift marked a significant step forward from the exclusive reliance on stone tools during the preceding Neolithic era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_How_did_the_Chalcolithic_Period_impact_social_structures_and_lifestyles\"><\/span>Q3: How did the Chalcolithic Period impact social structures and lifestyles? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: The introduction of metal tools in the Chalcolithic Period contributed to changes in social structures and economic systems. The ability to produce more efficient tools may have led to increased productivity, specialization of labor, and the emergence of more complex societies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_What_are_some_notable_archaeological_sites_from_the_Chalcolithic_Period\"><\/span>Q4: What are some notable archaeological sites from the Chalcolithic Period? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: Prominent archaeological sites from the Chalcolithic Period include \u00c7atalh\u00f6y\u00fck in Turkey, Mehrgarh in Pakistan, and Vin\u010da in Serbia. These sites have provided valuable insights into the material culture, architecture, and daily life of Chalcolithic communities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_Did_agriculture_play_a_significant_role_during_the_Chalcolithic_Period\"><\/span>Q5: Did agriculture play a significant role during the Chalcolithic Period? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: Yes, agriculture continued to be a crucial aspect of life during the Chalcolithic Period. Communities engaged in farming practices, cultivating crops and domesticating animals. The combination of agricultural activities and the use of metal tools contributed to the overall economic and technological advancements of the period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The term Chalcolithic means \u201ccopper\u201d and \u201cstone\u201d or Copper Age; it is also known as the Eneolithic or Aeneolithic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":18464,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[285],"tags":[286,789,186,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-18461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ancient-history-general-studies","tag-ancient-history-notes","tag-chalcolithic","tag-general-studies-1","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18461"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22851,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18461\/revisions\/22851"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}