{"id":18653,"date":"2023-12-07T04:59:27","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T04:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=18653"},"modified":"2024-02-26T09:49:23","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T09:49:23","slug":"how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks\/","title":{"rendered":"How far do you think cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped the nature of federation in India? Cite some recent examples to validate your answer. (150 Words, 10 Marks)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-gs-advance-and-mentorship-program-ampcsat?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Advanced\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cooperation, competition and confrontation define India&#8217;s federal structure. While cooperative federalism enhances intergovernmental collaboration, issues like resource distribution can lead to competition. Confrontation arises on matters like regional autonomy. Recent examples include disagreements over GST compensation and debates on centralization versus decentralization in governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>UPSC Mains General Studies Paper \u2013 2 Mains 2020<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-mains-civil-services-ias-exam-question-paper-2021\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">U<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-mains-civil-services-ias-exam-question-paper-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">PSC Mains Civil Services IAS Exam Question Paper \u2013 2020<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> Functions and Responsibilities of the Union and the States, Issues and Challenges Pertaining to the Federal Structure.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0e35a2d729\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0e35a2d729\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks\/#Approach\" title=\"Approach\">Approach<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer\">Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks\/#Way_Forward\" title=\"Way Forward\">Way Forward<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-far-do-you-think-cooperation-competition-and-confrontation-have-shaped-the-nature-of-federation-in-india-cite-some-recent-examples-to-validate-your-answer-150-words-10-marks\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Approach\"><\/span>Approach<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>In Introduction, define the concept of Federation and highlight Indian Federalism.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>In Body,&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li><strong>Discuss the following terms in accordance with federation of India with recent examples:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li><strong>Cooperation<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Competition<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Confrontation<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Discuss how cooperation, competition and confrontation have shaped Indian Federation.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Conclude with the suggestive measure to reduce the confrontations among federal units.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span>Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A federal government is one in which powers are divided between the national government and the regional governments by the Constitution itself. Indian federalism has a strong unitary bias, but due to unique socio-economic and political conditions, it has evolved to assume the various features of cooperative, competitive, and confrontational federalism.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cooperative Federalism: <\/strong>Cooperative federalism comprises the federal government and state governments cooperating together during the nation&#8217;s overall development. The Centre and the states do have horizontal engagement in cooperative federalism, where they &#8220;cooperate&#8221; in the larger public interest.Cooperative federalism is a top-down approach, whereby the government is providing the policy framework and inputs, but still, the states are responsible for the execution. The Indian constitution has cooperative federalism as part of its basic structure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>E.g.-<\/strong> GST, NAM, land reforms, model APMCs act, 73rd and 74th CAA 1992, Centre-State Investment Agreement (CSIA), and the 14th Finance Commission&#8217;s 42 % devolution.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Competitive Federalism:<\/strong> It envisages competition between the states.When India opened its doors for globalization, there was greater competition for limited resources among the states. As a result, the states are now in a state of imbalance and inequity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Competitive federalism has recently proven to be an effective technique for boosting individual states&#8217; economic development.The union and the states are not required by the constitution to work together on the issues listed in Schedule VII of the constitution. Executives make the decision.The Indian constitution does not include competitive federalism in its basic structure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>E.g.<\/strong>\u2013 \u201cVibrant Gujarat\u201d, \u201cResurgent Rajasthan\u201d and various indexes evolved by NITI Aayog. The SDG India Index, Aspirational Districts Programme, Swachh Bharat Ranking, Ease of Doing Business Ranking incorporates a sense of competition amongst the states for funds from the central government.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Confrontational Federalism:<\/strong> It is a result of the central government transgressing into the powers of the state government.The unilateral revocation of the special status conferred on Jammu and Kashmir (J&amp;K) under Article 370 of the Constitution has been criticized by many experts as against the spirit of federalism.Many constitutional experts have criticized the central government&#8217;s decision of using a concurrent List to make laws on state list subjects.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Eg<\/strong>&#8211; The role of the governor as an agent of the central government (in Maharashtra &amp; Karnataka) whereby governors act in a partisan way, generally against the state government whose views are not in concurrence with the party in power at union level.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span>Way Forward<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cooperative and competitive federalism is India&#8217;s future. Competitive federalism generates the dynamism that is needed.&nbsp;<\/li><li>To balance competitive federalism, we need cooperative federalism.&nbsp;<\/li><li>To foster Indian internal unity, the constitution needed to catch up with economics and \u201cfavour integration before preserving sovereignty.\u201d&nbsp;<\/li><li>Reactivation of the Centre-State Council: According to Article 263, this council is responsible for investigating and advising on disputes, discussing topics that affect all states, and making proposals for improved policy coordination.&nbsp;<\/li><li>On issues like international treaties, WTO obligations, or the environment an institutional mechanism must be evolved where important decisions are appropriately discussed with states.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In SR Bommai vs Union of India (1994), the Supreme Court held federalism a part of the basic structure of the Constitution. However, due to the strong unitary bias and particularly the way it has evolved over the years, many constitutional experts describe Indian federalism as, \u201cfederation without federalism\u201d, \u201ca Union of Unequal States\u201d or \u201cQuasi-Federal In Nature\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cooperation, competition and confrontation define India&#8217;s federal structure. While cooperative federalism enhances intergovernmental<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":18928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[185],"tags":[186,299,354,142,232,145,353],"class_list":["post-18653","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-mains-solved-papers","tag-general-studies-1","tag-geography-general-studies","tag-history","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-mains-question-paper","tag-upsc-model-answers"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18653","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18653"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18653\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29856,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18653\/revisions\/29856"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18653"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18653"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18653"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}