{"id":19559,"date":"2023-12-20T05:20:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-20T05:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=19559"},"modified":"2023-12-20T05:20:38","modified_gmt":"2023-12-20T05:20:38","slug":"central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Central Administration of the Mughal Empire &#8211; UPSC Medieval History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" data-id=\"47045\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bannner-1600-x-1600-2400-x-1392-px-1280-x-300-px-1024x300.png\" alt=\"PSP 2025\" class=\"wp-image-47045\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mughal Empire, at its heart lay a sophisticated system of administration that intricately wove together various facets to govern the diverse and expansive realms.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f32252e1e9d\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f32252e1e9d\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#1_Wazir_Prime_Minister\" title=\"1. Wazir (Prime Minister):\">1. Wazir (Prime Minister):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#2_Wakil_Agent_or_Representative\" title=\"2. Wakil (Agent or Representative):\">2. Wakil (Agent or Representative):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#3_Diwani_Kul_Controller_of_Revenue\" title=\"3. Diwani Kul (Controller of Revenue):\">3. Diwani Kul (Controller of Revenue):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#4_Mir_Bakshi\" title=\"4. Mir Bakshi :\">4. Mir Bakshi :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#5_Mir_Saman\" title=\"5. Mir Saman:\">5. Mir Saman:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#6_Sadr-us_Sudur_Chief_Religious_Officer\" title=\"6. Sadr-us Sudur (Chief Religious Officer):\">6. Sadr-us Sudur (Chief Religious Officer):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#7_Qazi_ul_Quzzat_Chief_Justice\" title=\"7. Qazi ul Quzzat (Chief Justice):\">7. Qazi ul Quzzat (Chief Justice):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#Q_Who_was_the_central_authority_in_the_Mughal_Empire\" title=\"Q: Who was the central authority in the Mughal Empire?\">Q: Who was the central authority in the Mughal Empire?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#Q_How_was_the_Mughal_Empire_administratively_organized\" title=\"Q: How was the Mughal Empire administratively organized?\">Q: How was the Mughal Empire administratively organized?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#Q_What_was_the_role_of_the_Mansabdari_system_in_central_administration\" title=\"Q: What was the role of the Mansabdari system in central administration?\">Q: What was the role of the Mansabdari system in central administration?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#Q_How_was_revenue_collection_managed_in_the_Mughal_Empire\" title=\"Q: How was revenue collection managed in the Mughal Empire?\">Q: How was revenue collection managed in the Mughal Empire?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#Q_What_was_the_role_of_the_Diwan_in_Mughal_administration\" title=\"Q: What was the role of the Diwan in Mughal administration?\">Q: What was the role of the Diwan in Mughal administration?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.\u00a0\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/central-administration-of-the-mughal-empire-upsc-medieval-history-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Wazir_Prime_Minister\"><\/span><strong>1. Wazir (Prime Minister):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Wazir, often referred to as the Prime Minister, held a pivotal role in the Mughal administrative machinery. This esteemed position was responsible for overseeing the entire administration and acted as the chief advisor to the emperor. <strong><em>The Wazir handled matters of statecraft, policy formulation, and served as a bridge between the emperor and other key officials.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Wakil_Agent_or_Representative\"><\/span><strong>2. Wakil (Agent or Representative):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Wakil played a crucial role in financial administration. <strong><em>This position, known as Diwani Wazir, focused on revenue and expenditure management.<\/em><\/strong> The Wakil was responsible for collecting revenue, managing the imperial treasury, and ensuring the financial stability of the empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Diwani_Kul_Controller_of_Revenue\"><\/span><strong>3. Diwani Kul (Controller of Revenue):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Diwani Kul, or Revenue Controller, was entrusted with the intricate task of overseeing the revenue system. <strong><em>This included the assessment and collection of land revenue, a fundamental source of income for the empire.<\/em><\/strong> The Diwani Kul played a vital role in maintaining a balance between revenue generation and the welfare of the agricultural population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Mir_Bakshi\"><\/span><strong>4. Mir Bakshi :<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mir Bakshi held a distinctive position as the head of the military administration. This influential figure managed the finances of the imperial army, ensuring timely payment to soldiers. Additionally, the Mir Bakshi played a key role in military appointments, promotions, and maintaining discipline within the ranks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Mir_Saman\"><\/span><strong>5. Mir Saman:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Mir Saman, or Chief Steward, was entrusted with the task of managing the imperial household. This included overseeing the emperor&#8217;s personal affairs, maintaining court protocol, and managing the vast royal estates. The Mir Saman played a crucial role in upholding the dignity and decorum of the imperial court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Sadr-us_Sudur_Chief_Religious_Officer\"><\/span><strong>6. Sadr-us Sudur (Chief Religious Officer):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Sadr-us Sudur held a significant position as the chief religious officer. Responsible for matters of religious endowments, education, and charitable activities, the Sadr-us Sudur played a role in maintaining religious harmony within the empire. This position held particular importance due to the Mughal commitment to fostering a pluralistic society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Qazi_ul_Quzzat_Chief_Justice\"><\/span><strong>7. Qazi ul Quzzat (Chief Justice):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The Qazi ul Quzzat, or Chief Justice, presided over the judicial affairs of the empire. Ensuring justice was dispensed in accordance with Islamic law (Sharia),<\/em><\/strong> the Qazi ul Quzzat played a critical role in upholding the legal framework of the Mughal state. This position was crucial in maintaining law and order and ensuring the fair treatment of the empire&#8217;s subjects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Key Terms:<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dastak:<\/td><td>A permit allowing the free movement of goods without paying taxes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ibadat Khana:&nbsp;<\/td><td>Akbar&#8217;s &#8220;House of Worship,&#8221; where religious discussions and debates among scholars of different faiths took place.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zabt System:&nbsp;<\/td><td>Akbar&#8217;s revenue system that fixed land revenue based on average production, aiming for stability and fairness.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jagir:&nbsp;<\/td><td>Land grants given to nobles and officials in lieu of salary, with revenue rights for administration.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Man\u1e63abdar:&nbsp;<\/td><td>A military-ranking system introduced by Akbar, where officers were granted a man\u1e63ab (rank) indicating their military responsibilities and salary.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Qanungo:&nbsp;<\/td><td>An official responsible for land revenue assessment and record-keeping.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kotwal:&nbsp;<\/td><td>The chief police officer responsible for maintaining law and order in the city.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Diwan-i-Khas:&nbsp;<\/td><td>The imperial treasury department, overseeing the emperor&#8217;s personal finances and luxurious expenditures.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Faujdar:&nbsp;<\/td><td>A military officer responsible for the defense and administration of a district or town.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zarb-i Qalm:&nbsp;<\/td><td>Akbar&#8217;s standardized coinage system to facilitate trade and commerce.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Who_was_the_central_authority_in_the_Mughal_Empire\"><\/span>Q: <strong>Who was the central authority in the Mughal Empire?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The central authority in the Mughal Empire was the emperor, who held supreme power over the entire empire. The emperor&#8217;s role was crucial in decision-making, governance, and administration. The Mughal emperors were responsible for overseeing various aspects of administration, including finance, military, and justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_was_the_Mughal_Empire_administratively_organized\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How was the Mughal Empire administratively organized?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The Mughal Empire was administratively organized into provinces, known as subahs, which were further divided into districts called sarkars. Each subah was headed by a governor known as a subahdar, who was responsible for implementing imperial orders, collecting revenue, and maintaining law and order. The sarkars were administered by faujdars and other local officials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_was_the_role_of_the_Mansabdari_system_in_central_administration\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What was the role of the Mansabdari system in central administration?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The Mansabdari system was a key feature of central administration in the Mughal Empire. It involved the granting of military ranks, or mansabs, to nobles in exchange for military service. The emperor had the authority to appoint and dismiss Mansabdars, determining their ranks and salaries. This system helped maintain a strong central control over the military and ensured the loyalty of the nobility.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_was_revenue_collection_managed_in_the_Mughal_Empire\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How was revenue collection managed in the Mughal Empire?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The Mughal Empire employed a revenue system known as the Zabt and the Zamindari systems. Under the Zabt system, a fixed revenue rate was assigned to each area, and revenue collection was the responsibility of imperial officials. The Zamindari system, on the other hand, involved granting revenue rights to local zamindars (landlords) in exchange for their support and services. The revenue administration was closely monitored by the central authority to prevent exploitation and corruption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_was_the_role_of_the_Diwan_in_Mughal_administration\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What was the role of the Diwan in Mughal administration?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The Diwan was a high-ranking official responsible for the imperial finances in the Mughal Empire. The Diwan managed revenue collection, expenditures, and financial planning. This official played a crucial role in maintaining the economic stability of the empire. The Diwan worked closely with other administrative officials, such as the Mir Bakhshi (head of military administration) and the Mir Saman (head of the household), to ensure the efficient functioning of the central administration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Mughal Empire, at its heart lay a sophisticated system of administration that intricately wove together various facets to govern the diverse and expansive realms. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":19560,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[289],"tags":[186,322,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-19559","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-medieval-history-general-studies","tag-general-studies-1","tag-mughal-empire","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19559","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19559"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19559\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19561,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19559\/revisions\/19561"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19559"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19559"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19559"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}