{"id":19884,"date":"2023-12-22T12:00:07","date_gmt":"2023-12-22T12:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=19884"},"modified":"2023-12-22T12:11:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-22T12:11:10","slug":"upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Daily Current Affairs &#8211; 22nd December 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/current-affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png\" alt=\"UPSC Current Affairs Daily Quiz - Edukemy\" class=\"wp-image-14085\" width=\"780\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination. Our focus today includes a critical analysis of recent policy changes, international affairs, and national developments, all of which play a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic landscape of India. Stay informed and stay ahead in your UPSC preparations with our daily current affairs updates, as we provide you with concise, well-researched insights to help you connect the dots between contemporary events and the broader canvas of the civil services syllabus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a06de86a947f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a06de86a947f\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Lok_Sabha_Approves_Trio_of_Bills_for_Comprehensive_Criminal_Justice_System_Overhaul\" title=\"Lok Sabha Approves Trio of Bills for Comprehensive Criminal Justice System Overhaul&nbsp;\">Lok Sabha Approves Trio of Bills for Comprehensive Criminal Justice System Overhaul&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Need_for_New_Legislation\" title=\"Need for New Legislation&nbsp;\">Need for New Legislation&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Colonial_Legacy\" title=\"Colonial Legacy\u00a0\">Colonial Legacy\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Advancements_in_Technology\" title=\"Advancements in Technology\u00a0\">Advancements in Technology\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Simplification_and_Streamlining\" title=\"Simplification and Streamlining\u00a0\">Simplification and Streamlining\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Evidence_Collection_and_Presentation\" title=\"Evidence Collection and Presentation\u00a0\">Evidence Collection and Presentation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Various_Reports_Highlighting_the_Need_for_Reforms\" title=\"Various Reports Highlighting the Need for Reforms\u00a0\">Various Reports Highlighting the Need for Reforms\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Background\" title=\"Background&nbsp;\">Background&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Bills_Referred_to_Parliamentary_Standing_Committee\" title=\"Bills Referred to Parliamentary Standing Committee&nbsp;\">Bills Referred to Parliamentary Standing Committee&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Dissents_of_Opposition_Members\" title=\"Dissents of Opposition Members&nbsp;\">Dissents of Opposition Members&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Introduction_of_Revised_Version\" title=\"Introduction of Revised Version&nbsp;\">Introduction of Revised Version&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Key_Changes_Under_BNS_II\" title=\"Key Changes Under BNS II&nbsp;\">Key Changes Under BNS II&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Rulings_of_the_Supreme_Court\" title=\"Rulings of the Supreme Court&nbsp;\">Rulings of the Supreme Court&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Indian_Penal_Code_IPC_1860\" title=\"Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860&nbsp;\">Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Criminal_Justice_System\" title=\"Criminal Justice System&nbsp;\">Criminal Justice System&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Integration_of_AI_and_Machine_Learning_in_the_Space_Industry\" title=\"Integration of AI and Machine Learning in the Space Industry&nbsp;\">Integration of AI and Machine Learning in the Space Industry&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-2\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#AI_and_ML_Applications_in_Diverse_Space_Sectors\" title=\"AI and ML Applications in Diverse Space Sectors&nbsp;\">AI and ML Applications in Diverse Space Sectors&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Space_Exploration_and_Robotics\" title=\"Space Exploration and Robotics\u00a0\">Space Exploration and Robotics\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Satellite_Operations\" title=\"Satellite Operations\u00a0\">Satellite Operations\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Spacecraft_Systems\" title=\"Spacecraft Systems\u00a0\">Spacecraft Systems\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Data_Analysis_and_Pattern_Recognition\" title=\"Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition\u00a0\">Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Mission_Planning_and_Decision_Making\" title=\"Mission Planning and Decision Making\u00a0\">Mission Planning and Decision Making\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Optical_Communications_Optimization\" title=\"Optical Communications Optimization\u00a0\">Optical Communications Optimization\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Quantum_Computing_for_Space_Challenges\" title=\"Quantum Computing for Space Challenges\u00a0\">Quantum Computing for Space Challenges\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Major_Challenges_in_AI_and_ML_for_Space\" title=\"Major Challenges in AI and ML for Space&nbsp;\">Major Challenges in AI and ML for Space&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Computational_Limitations\" title=\"Computational Limitations\u00a0\">Computational Limitations\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Robustness_and_Reliability\" title=\"Robustness and Reliability\u00a0\">Robustness and Reliability\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Training_Data_Limitations\" title=\"Training Data Limitations\u00a0\">Training Data Limitations\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Ethical_and_Legal_Considerations\" title=\"Ethical and Legal Considerations\u00a0\">Ethical and Legal Considerations\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Future_Directions\" title=\"Future Directions&nbsp;\">Future Directions&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Edge_Computing_and_Onboard_Processing\" title=\"Edge Computing and Onboard Processing\u00a0\">Edge Computing and Onboard Processing\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Interdisciplinary_Collaboration\" title=\"Interdisciplinary Collaboration\u00a0\">Interdisciplinary Collaboration\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Ethical_Frameworks_and_Governance\" title=\"Ethical Frameworks and Governance\u00a0\">Ethical Frameworks and Governance\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Climate_Finance\" title=\"Climate Finance&nbsp;\">Climate Finance&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-3\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Understanding_Climate_Finance\" title=\"Understanding Climate Finance&nbsp;\">Understanding Climate Finance&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Definition\" title=\"Definition\u00a0\">Definition\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Global_Agreements\" title=\"Global Agreements\u00a0\">Global Agreements\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Significance\" title=\"Significance\u00a0\">Significance\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Role_in_Temperature_Limitation\" title=\"Role in Temperature Limitation\u00a0\">Role in Temperature Limitation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#USD_100_Billion_Target_and_its_Importance\" title=\"USD 100 Billion Target and its Importance&nbsp;\">USD 100 Billion Target and its Importance&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Origins\" title=\"Origins\u00a0\">Origins\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Importance\" title=\"Importance\u00a0\">Importance\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Green_Financing\" title=\"Green Financing&nbsp;\">Green Financing&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#UNFCCC_Framework\" title=\"UNFCCC Framework\u00a0\">UNFCCC Framework\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Other_Funds\" title=\"Other Funds\u00a0\">Other Funds\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Indias_Climate_Finance_Initiatives\" title=\"India&#8217;s Climate Finance Initiatives&nbsp;\">India&#8217;s Climate Finance Initiatives&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#National_Adaptation_Fund_for_Climate_Change_NAFCC\" title=\"National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC)\u00a0\">National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC)\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#National_Clean_Energy_Fund\" title=\"National Clean Energy Fund\u00a0\">National Clean Energy Fund\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#National_Adaptation_Fund\" title=\"National Adaptation Fund\u00a0\">National Adaptation Fund\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#The_Path_Ahead\" title=\"The Path Ahead&nbsp;\">The Path Ahead&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Global_Cooperation\" title=\"Global Cooperation\u00a0\">Global Cooperation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Political_Commitment\" title=\"Political Commitment\u00a0\">Political Commitment\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Learning_and_Improving\" title=\"Learning and Improving\u00a0\">Learning and Improving\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Post_Office_Bill_2023\" title=\"Post Office Bill 2023&nbsp;\">Post Office Bill 2023&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-4\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Key_Provisions_of_the_Bill\" title=\"Key Provisions of the Bill&nbsp;\">Key Provisions of the Bill&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Objective\" title=\"Objective\u00a0\">Objective\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Interception_Authority\" title=\"Interception Authority\u00a0\">Interception Authority\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Customs_Transfer\" title=\"Customs Transfer\u00a0\">Customs Transfer\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Exemptions_from_Liability\" title=\"Exemptions from Liability\u00a0\">Exemptions from Liability\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Offences_and_Penalties\" title=\"Offences and Penalties\u00a0\">Offences and Penalties\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Exclusive_Privileges\" title=\"Exclusive Privileges\u00a0\">Exclusive Privileges\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Inclusion_of_Private_Courier_Services\" title=\"Inclusion of Private Courier Services\u00a0\u00a0\">Inclusion of Private Courier Services\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Extended_Powers_of_Director_General\" title=\"Extended Powers of Director General\u00a0\">Extended Powers of Director General\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Polar_Stratospheric_Clouds_PSC\" title=\"Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC)&nbsp;\">Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC)&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-5\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Polar_Stratospheric_Clouds_PSC_A_Brief_Overview\" title=\"Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC): A Brief Overview&nbsp;\">Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC): A Brief Overview&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Formation\" title=\"Formation\u00a0\">Formation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Impacts_of_PSCs\" title=\"Impacts of PSCs&nbsp;\">Impacts of PSCs&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#RAMP_Programme\" title=\"RAMP Programme&nbsp;\">RAMP Programme&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-6\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#About_the_RAMP_Programme\" title=\"About the RAMP Programme&nbsp;\">About the RAMP Programme&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Objectives\" title=\"Objectives&nbsp;\">Objectives&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Sub-schemes_under_RAMP\" title=\"Sub-schemes under RAMP&nbsp;\">Sub-schemes under RAMP&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#MSME_GIFT_Scheme\" title=\"MSME GIFT Scheme\u00a0\">MSME GIFT Scheme\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#MSE_SPICE_Scheme\" title=\"MSE SPICE Scheme\u00a0\">MSE SPICE Scheme\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#MSE_ODR_Scheme\" title=\"MSE ODR Scheme\u00a0\">MSE ODR Scheme\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Implementing_Agencies\" title=\"Implementing Agencies&nbsp;\">Implementing Agencies&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#What_is_Green_Technology\" title=\"What is Green Technology?&nbsp;\">What is Green Technology?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Valmiki_Tiger_Reserve\" title=\"Valmiki Tiger Reserve&nbsp;\">Valmiki Tiger Reserve&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-7\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#About_Valmiki_Tiger_Reserve\" title=\"About Valmiki Tiger Reserve&nbsp;\">About Valmiki Tiger Reserve&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Location\" title=\"Location\u00a0\">Location\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Geographic_Zone\" title=\"Geographic Zone\u00a0\">Geographic Zone\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Rivers\" title=\"Rivers\u00a0\">Rivers\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Forest_Characteristics\" title=\"Forest Characteristics\u00a0\">Forest Characteristics\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Vegetation\" title=\"Vegetation\u00a0\">Vegetation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Wildlife\" title=\"Wildlife\u00a0\">Wildlife\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#What_is_Project_Tiger\" title=\"What is Project Tiger&nbsp;\">What is Project Tiger&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#The_Bhoomi_Rashi_Portal\" title=\"The Bhoomi Rashi Portal&nbsp;\">The Bhoomi Rashi Portal&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-8\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#About_Bhoomi_Rashi_Portal\" title=\"About Bhoomi Rashi Portal&nbsp;\">About Bhoomi Rashi Portal&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Overview\" title=\"Overview\u00a0\">Overview\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Objective-2\" title=\"Objective\u00a0\">Objective\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Key_Features\" title=\"Key Features\u00a0\">Key Features\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Bilingual_Application\" title=\"Bilingual Application\u00a0\">Bilingual Application\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Project_Details\" title=\"Project Details\u00a0\">Project Details\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Land_Acquisition_Locations\" title=\"Land Acquisition Locations\u00a0\">Land Acquisition Locations\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Competent_Authority_for_Land_Acquisition_CALA\" title=\"Competent Authority for Land Acquisition (CALA)\u00a0\">Competent Authority for Land Acquisition (CALA)\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Notification_Generation\" title=\"Notification Generation\u00a0\">Notification Generation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Land_Details\" title=\"Land Details\u00a0\">Land Details\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#E-Office_Management\" title=\"E-Office Management\u00a0\">E-Office Management\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Objections_and_Processing\" title=\"Objections and Processing\u00a0\">Objections and Processing\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Compensation_Determination\" title=\"Compensation Determination\u00a0\">Compensation Determination\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Land_Owners_and_Affected_Parties\" title=\"Land Owners and Affected Parties\u00a0\">Land Owners and Affected Parties\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Reports_Generation\" title=\"Reports Generation\u00a0\">Reports Generation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Integration_with_PFMS\" title=\"Integration with PFMS\u00a0\">Integration with PFMS\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#What_is_the_National_Highways_Authority_of_India_NHAI\" title=\"What is the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)?&nbsp;\">What is the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Mitochondrial_Diseases\" title=\"Mitochondrial Diseases&nbsp;\">Mitochondrial Diseases&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-9\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#About_Mitochondrial_Diseases\" title=\"About Mitochondrial Diseases&nbsp;\">About Mitochondrial Diseases&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Overview-2\" title=\"Overview\u00a0\">Overview\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#What_are_Mitochondria\" title=\"What are Mitochondria?\u00a0\">What are Mitochondria?\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Impact_on_Cells\" title=\"Impact on Cells\u00a0\">Impact on Cells\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Causes\" title=\"Causes\u00a0\">Causes\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-119\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Symptoms\" title=\"Symptoms\u00a0\">Symptoms\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-120\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Treatment\" title=\"Treatment\u00a0\">Treatment\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-121\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#What_are_Organelles\" title=\"What are Organelles?&nbsp;\">What are Organelles?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-122\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Securities_Appellate_Tribunal_SAT\" title=\"Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)&nbsp;\">Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-123\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_News-10\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-124\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#About_Securities_Appellate_Tribunal_SAT\" title=\"About Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)&nbsp;\">About Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-125\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Formation_and_Authority\" title=\"Formation and Authority\u00a0\">Formation and Authority\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-126\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Jurisdiction\" title=\"Jurisdiction\u00a0\">Jurisdiction\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-127\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Composition\" title=\"Composition\u00a0\">Composition\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-128\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Tenure\" title=\"Tenure\u00a0\">Tenure\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-129\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Powers_and_Functions\" title=\"Powers and Functions\u00a0\">Powers and Functions\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-130\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Appeal_Mechanism\" title=\"Appeal Mechanism\u00a0\">Appeal Mechanism\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-131\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#What_is_the_Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India_SEBI\" title=\"What is the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)?&nbsp;\">What is the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-132\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Case_Study_of_the_day_%E2%80%93_Kalika_Chetarike\" title=\"Case Study of the day &#8211; Kalika Chetarike\">Case Study of the day &#8211; Kalika Chetarike<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-133\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Functioning_of_the_Program\" title=\"Functioning of the Program\">Functioning of the Program<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-134\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Implementation_Process\" title=\"Implementation Process\">Implementation Process<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-135\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Impact_of_Kalika_Chetarike\" title=\"Impact of Kalika Chetarike\">Impact of Kalika Chetarike<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-136\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Challenges_in_Implementation\" title=\"Challenges in Implementation\">Challenges in Implementation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-137\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-138\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are daily current affairs?\">Q: What are daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-139\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?\">Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-140\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\" title=\"Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?\">Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-141\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\" title=\"Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?\">Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-142\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?\">Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-143\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-144\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-22nd-december-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lok_Sabha_Approves_Trio_of_Bills_for_Comprehensive_Criminal_Justice_System_Overhaul\"><\/span><strong>Lok Sabha Approves Trio of Bills for Comprehensive Criminal Justice System Overhaul<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Governance\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lok Sabha Unanimously Passes Three Bills for Revamping the Nation&#8217;s Criminal Justice System, Replacing Outdated Colonial-Era Laws.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"461\" height=\"272\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-35.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-19892 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 461px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 461\/272;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_for_New_Legislation\"><\/span><strong>Need for New Legislation<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Colonial_Legacy\"><\/span><strong>Colonial Legacy<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>From 1860 to 2023, India&#8217;s criminal justice system operated under British-imposed laws, reflecting outdated language and concepts unsuitable for contemporary social norms.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advancements_in_Technology\"><\/span><strong>Advancements in Technology<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Technological progress has introduced new dimensions to crime, evidence, and investigation, necessitating updates to legal frameworks.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Simplification_and_Streamlining\"><\/span><strong>Simplification and Streamlining<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Over time, the complexity of laws has led to confusion among legal practitioners, law enforcement, and the public.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Simplifying and streamlining the legal framework can enhance transparency and understanding.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evidence_Collection_and_Presentation\"><\/span><strong>Evidence Collection and Presentation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Indian Evidence Act predates modern forensic science, requiring reforms to align with technological advancements.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Various_Reports_Highlighting_the_Need_for_Reforms\"><\/span><strong>Various Reports Highlighting the Need for Reforms<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Parliamentary Standing Committees on Home Affairs emphasized the essential review of the criminal justice system in multiple reports.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span><strong>Background<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In August 2023, the Union government introduced three Bills in Parliament to overhaul the criminal justice system: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 (BNS), Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita Bill, 2023 (BNSS), and Bharatiya Sakshya Bill, 2023 (BSB).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bills_Referred_to_Parliamentary_Standing_Committee\"><\/span><strong>Bills Referred to Parliamentary Standing Committee<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bills underwent review by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Home Affairs, leading to recommendations for changes after three months of deliberation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dissents_of_Opposition_Members\"><\/span><strong>Dissents of Opposition Members<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Opposition members dissented on the vernacular titles of the Bills, alleging a violation of Article 348. The committee, however, approved the Hindi titles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_of_Revised_Version\"><\/span><strong>Introduction of Revised Version<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>On December 12, the Bills were withdrawn from Parliament, and revised versions were introduced, notably the Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill [BNS II Bill].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Changes_Under_BNS_II\"><\/span><strong>Key Changes Under BNS II<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>BNS II introduces modifications in <strong>defining life imprisonment<\/strong>, <strong>addressing terrorist acts<\/strong>, criminal conspiracy, <strong>mob lynching<\/strong>, organized crimes, <strong>sedition,<\/strong> community service, and <strong>sexual offenses against women<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rulings_of_the_Supreme_Court\"><\/span><strong>Rulings of the Supreme Court<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>BNS II aligns with Supreme Court decisions, addressing issues such as adultery, penalties for murder or attempt to murder, and sexual offenses against women.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indian_Penal_Code_IPC_1860\"><\/span><strong>Indian Penal Code (IPC), 1860<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The IPC, drafted in 1860 and effective from January 1, 1862, serves as India&#8217;s primary criminal code, encompassing comprehensive provisions for criminal law and punishments.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Criminal_Justice_System\"><\/span><strong>Criminal Justice System<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The criminal justice system comprises institutions, laws, procedures, and processes designed to maintain social order, prevent and control crime, and ensure accountability for criminal offenses.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>involves stages from investigation and arrest to trial and potential punishment, aiming to uphold the rule of law, protect individual rights, and maintain public safety.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/law\/story\/three-criminal-laws-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-terrorism-mob-lynching-law-2476048-2023-12-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>IT<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Integration_of_AI_and_Machine_Learning_in_the_Space_Industry\"><\/span><strong>Integration of AI and Machine Learning in the Space Industry<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS-3 Science and Tech.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-2\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian Government applauds ISRO&#8217;s significant progress in incorporating AI and ML in space exploration.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/4a79d3d4-2b11-4d74-9cd2-57d89a519960\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AI_and_ML_Applications_in_Diverse_Space_Sectors\"><\/span><strong>AI and ML Applications in Diverse Space Sectors<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Space_Exploration_and_Robotics\"><\/span><strong>Space Exploration and Robotics<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>AI-driven robots and rovers autonomously explore distant planets, while ML aids in identifying celestial objects and hazards in space images.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Satellite_Operations\"><\/span><strong>Satellite Operations<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>ML analyses satellite images for Earth monitoring, and AI predicts component failures, improving maintenance schedules.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Spacecraft_Systems\"><\/span><strong>Spacecraft Systems<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>AI monitors spacecraft health, predicting failures, and ML optimizes resource usage during missions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Data_Analysis_and_Pattern_Recognition\"><\/span><strong>Data Analysis and Pattern Recognition<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>AI processes astronomical data for celestial discoveries, and ML distinguishes signals from space noise.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mission_Planning_and_Decision_Making\"><\/span><strong>Mission Planning and Decision Making<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>AI assesses mission risks, aiding decisions, and ML enables real-time adaptation to unexpected situations.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optical_Communications_Optimization\"><\/span><strong>Optical Communications Optimization<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>AI and ML refine optical communication systems, maximizing data transmission rates for interplanetary missions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quantum_Computing_for_Space_Challenges\"><\/span><strong>Quantum Computing for Space Challenges<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>AI harnesses quantum computing for complex calculations, enhancing security for space missions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Challenges_in_AI_and_ML_for_Space\"><\/span><strong>Major Challenges in AI and ML for Space<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Computational_Limitations\"><\/span><strong>Computational Limitations<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Spacecraft&#8217;s limited computational power requires optimized AI algorithms.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Robustness_and_Reliability\"><\/span><strong>Robustness and Reliability<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Space environments pose challenges to AI system reliability and robustness.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Training_Data_Limitations\"><\/span><strong>Training Data Limitations<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gathering specific training data for space missions is challenging.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ethical_and_Legal_Considerations\"><\/span><strong>Ethical and Legal Considerations<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ethical and legal concerns arise in AI decision-making and data privacy.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_Directions\"><\/span><strong>Future Directions<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Edge_Computing_and_Onboard_Processing\"><\/span><strong>Edge Computing and Onboard Processing<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prioritize onboard processing to reduce dependency on Earth-based resources.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interdisciplinary_Collaboration\"><\/span><strong>Interdisciplinary Collaboration<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Encourage collaboration among diverse fields for comprehensive problem-solving.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ethical_Frameworks_and_Governance\"><\/span><strong>Ethical Frameworks and Governance<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Develop global ethical guidelines addressing AI decision-making and privacy in space missions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Prelims (2016)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements:\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO<\/strong>\u00a0<br>is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission.\u00a0<br>made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA.\u00a0<br>made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt.\u00a0<br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202f1 only\u202f\u00a0<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202f2 and 3 only\u202f\u00a0<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202f1 and 3 only\u00a0<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202f1, 2 and 3\u00a0<br><strong>Ans: (c)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Mains (2019)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Q.<\/strong>\u202fWhat is India\u2019s plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme?\u202f\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1986390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Climate_Finance\"><\/span><strong>Climate Finance<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS-3 Environment\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-3\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>CEA reaffirms India&#8217;s position, emphasizing the need for increased climate funds from developed nations.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/4264625a-6b18-45eb-a6d4-1f746318b64c\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_Climate_Finance\"><\/span><strong>Understanding Climate Finance<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition\"><\/span><strong>Definition<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Climate finance encompasses financial support\u2014whether local, national, or transnational\u2014sourced from public, private, and alternative channels.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Its goal is to aid mitigation and adaptation efforts addressing climate change.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Agreements\"><\/span><strong>Global Agreements<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement emphasize financial assistance from Developed Countries to Developing Countries, aligning with the principle of &#8220;Common but Differentiated Responsibility and Respective Capabilities&#8221; (CBDR).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>COP26 witnessed new financial commitments to support adaptation in developing countries.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance\"><\/span><strong>Significance<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Climate finance is crucial for both mitigations, requiring substantial investments to reduce emissions, and adaptation, needing resources to cope with climate change impacts.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Recognizing the diverse contributions and capacities of countries, developed nations are urged to lead in mobilizing climate finance.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_in_Temperature_Limitation\"><\/span><strong>Role in Temperature Limitation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Climate finance plays a critical role in addressing climate change issues and achieving the goal of limiting the Earth&#8217;s temperature rise to below 2 degrees Celsius, as projected by the 2018 IPCC report.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"USD_100_Billion_Target_and_its_Importance\"><\/span><strong>USD 100 Billion Target and its Importance<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origins\"><\/span><strong>Origins<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2009, COP15 set a target of USD 100 billion annually by 2020, formally recognized at COP16.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>COP21 extended the goal through 2025, and COP26 confirmed the commitment to double adaptation finance by 2025.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance\"><\/span><strong>Importance<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The USD 100 billion target is essential for meaningful mitigation actions, transparency, and addressing the needs of developing countries.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Post-COP26, a consensus emerged to double adaptation finance, emphasizing the balance between adaptation and mitigation efforts.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Green_Financing\"><\/span><strong>Green Financing<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UNFCCC_Framework\"><\/span><strong>UNFCCC Framework<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>UNFCCC established a financial framework to allocate resources to developing nations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Global Environment Facility (GEF) has served as the financial mechanism&#8217;s operating institution, with the Green Climate Fund (GCF) designated as an operating entity.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Funds\"><\/span><strong>Other Funds<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Parties established special funds, including the Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF), Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF), and the Adaptation Fund (AF).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These funds align with the Paris Agreement.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_Climate_Finance_Initiatives\"><\/span><strong>India&#8217;s Climate Finance Initiatives<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"National_Adaptation_Fund_for_Climate_Change_NAFCC\"><\/span><strong>National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change (NAFCC)<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Established in 2015, NAFCC supports climate change adaptation costs for vulnerable Indian states and Union Territories.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"National_Clean_Energy_Fund\"><\/span><strong>National Clean Energy Fund<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Created to promote clean energy, the fund supports research and development in both fossil and non-fossil fuel-based sectors.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"National_Adaptation_Fund\"><\/span><strong>National Adaptation Fund<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Established in 2014, this fund operates under the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change to bridge the gap between climate change adaptation needs and available funds.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Path_Ahead\"><\/span><strong>The Path Ahead<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Global_Cooperation\"><\/span><strong>Global Cooperation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Developed countries must collaborate with developing nations, facilitating clean energy transitions and climate-resilient infrastructure financing to meet the $100 billion goal.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Political_Commitment\"><\/span><strong>Political Commitment<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sustaining political commitment is crucial for generating new finance, ensuring targeted emission reductions, and addressing vulnerabilities.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Learning_and_Improving\"><\/span><strong>Learning and Improving<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Drawing lessons from recent experiences, particularly with the Green Climate Fund, is essential for ongoing efforts in climate finance.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Prelims (2016)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Q. With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is\/are correct?\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<br>The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN, and it will go into effect in 2017.\u00a0<br>The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2\u00baC or even 1.5\u00baC above pre-industrial levels.\u00a0<br>Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change.\u00a0<br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202f1 and 3 only\u00a0<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202f2 only\u00a0<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202f2 and 3 only\u00a0<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202f1, 2 and 3\u00a0<br><strong>Ans: (b)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>EXP:<\/strong>\u00a0<br>The Paris Agreement was adopted in December 2015 at COP21 in Paris, France by the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).\u00a0<br>The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2\u00b0C or even 1.5\u00b0C above pre-industrial levels. Hence, statement 2 is correct.\u00a0<br>The Paris Agreement entered into force on 4 November 2016, thirty days after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas emissions had deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the depositary. Hence, statement 1 is not correct.\u00a0<br>Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change, in line with their own national objectives.\u00a0<br>The Paris Agreement requires all Parties to put forward their best efforts through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and to strengthen these efforts in the years ahead. This includes requirement that all Parties report regularly on their emissions and on their implementation efforts.\u00a0<br>There will also be a global stocktake every 5 years to assess the collective progress towards achieving the purpose of the Agreement and to inform further individual actions by the Parties.\u00a0<br>Through the Cancun Agreements in 2010 developed country Parties\u202f<strong>committed to a goal of mobilizing jointly USD 100 billion per year by 2020 to address the needs of developing countries.<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Further, they also agreed that prior to 2025 the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Paris Agreement shall set a new collective quantified goal from a floor of USD 100 billion per year. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.\u202f<strong>Therefore, option (b) is the correct answer.<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Mains (2021)<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Q.\u202fDescribe the major outcomes of the 26<sup>th<\/sup>\u202fsession of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). What are the commitments made by India in this conference?\u202f\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/economy\/news\/cea-reiterates-india-s-stand-for-more-climate-funds-from-developed-nations-123122101169_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>BS<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Post_Office_Bill_2023\"><\/span><strong>Post Office Bill 2023<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Governance\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-4\"><\/span><strong>In News: <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently the Parliament passed the Post office bill 2023.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/12771917-20b0-4d4c-b788-824517d38170\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Provisions_of_the_Bill\"><\/span><strong>Key Provisions of the Bill<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objective\"><\/span><strong>Objective<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The primary objective of the Bill is to &#8220;consolidate and amend the law related to the Post Office in India,&#8221; encompassing a range of services beyond traditional mail delivery.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interception_Authority\"><\/span><strong>Interception Authority<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Section 9 empowers the Centre, through notification, to authorize officers for the interception, opening, or detention of shipments in the interest of state security, friendly foreign relations, public order, emergencies, public safety, or compliance with other laws.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Customs_Transfer\"><\/span><strong>Customs Transfer<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Bill allows post officers to transfer postal items to customs authorities if suspected of containing prohibited items or if subject to duty.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exemptions_from_Liability\"><\/span><strong>Exemptions from Liability<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Section 10 exempts the Post Office and its officers from any liability for loss, mis-delivery, delay, or damage during services, except as prescribed.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Offences_and_Penalties\"><\/span><strong>Offences and Penalties<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Bill eliminates many offenses and penalties outlined in the 1898 Act, retaining only non-payment cases, which are recoverable as arrears of land revenue.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exclusive_Privileges\"><\/span><strong>Exclusive Privileges<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Bill removes Section 4 of the 1898 Act, which granted the Centre exclusive privileges for transporting all letters by post.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inclusion_of_Private_Courier_Services\"><\/span><strong>Inclusion of Private Courier Services<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The 2023 Bill, for the first time, regulates private courier services, bringing them under its regulatory purview.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Extended_Powers_of_Director_General\"><\/span><strong>Extended Powers of Director General<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Bill extends the authority of the Director General of Postal Services beyond postal operations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>They are now empowered to oversee activities related to extra services specified by the central government and establish fees without parliamentary approval.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/multimedia\/audio\/what-are-the-main-changes-made-by-the-post-office-bill-2023\/article67656992.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>BL<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polar_Stratospheric_Clouds_PSC\"><\/span><strong>Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC)<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-5\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Recently, rare Polar stratospheric clouds have been observed over Scotland, northern England, and the West Midlands by weather watchers.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/321830bf-0d29-4bd2-9219-b0dda6f12fb8\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polar_Stratospheric_Clouds_PSC_A_Brief_Overview\"><\/span><strong>Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC): A Brief Overview<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formation\"><\/span><strong>Formation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Also known as nacreous clouds or mother of pearl, owing to their iridescence.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These clouds develop in extremely cold conditions over Polar Regions, situated within the stratosphere at an altitude of around 12-19 miles (19-31 km), far surpassing the height of ordinary clouds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Unlike more common clouds, PSCs consist of smaller ice particles, contributing to their unique appearance through light scattering.&nbsp;<\/li><li>PSCs typically emerge for the first time in January&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impacts_of_PSCs\"><\/span><strong>Impacts of PSCs<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The frequency of these clouds serves as an indicator of potential ozone depletion, playing a pivotal role in stratospheric chemistry.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>PSCs create a surface for chemical reactions where initially harmless forms of chlorine transform into reactive, ozone-depleting forms.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, they eliminate nitrogen compounds that would otherwise mitigate the destructive effects of chlorine on the ozone layer.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/science\/story\/rare-phenomena-make-the-sky-glow-in-arctic-its-not-aurora-2478343-2023-12-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>IT<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"RAMP_Programme\"><\/span><strong>RAMP Programme<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Economy\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-6\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Minister for Micro, Small &amp; Medium Enterprises (MSME) recently inaugurated three sub-schemes as part of the RAMP program.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_RAMP_Programme\"><\/span><strong>About the RAMP Programme<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Raising &amp; Accelerating MSME Performance (RAMP) program, supported by the World Bank, was launched in 2022 to enhance the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives\"><\/span><strong>Objectives<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Improve access to markets and credit for MSMEs.\u00a0<\/li><li>Strengthen institutions and governance at central and state levels.\u00a0<\/li><li>Enhance center-state linkages and partnerships.\u00a0<\/li><li>Address issues related to delayed payments.\u00a0<\/li><li>Facilitate the transition to greener practices for MSMEs.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The National MSME Council, established by the Ministry, serves as the administrative and functional body for the RAMP Programme.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sub-schemes_under_RAMP\"><\/span><strong>Sub-schemes under RAMP<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MSME_GIFT_Scheme\"><\/span><strong>MSME GIFT Scheme<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The MSME Green Investment and Financing for Transformation Scheme aim to assist MSMEs in adopting green technology through interest subvention and credit guarantee support.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MSE_SPICE_Scheme\"><\/span><strong>MSE SPICE Scheme<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The MSE Scheme for Promotion and Investment in Circular Economy supports circular economy projects with credit subsidy, contributing to the MSME sector&#8217;s goal of achieving zero emissions by 2070.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MSE_ODR_Scheme\"><\/span><strong>MSE ODR Scheme<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The MSE Scheme on Online Dispute Resolution for Delayed Payments is a pioneering initiative that combines legal support with modern IT tools and Artificial Intelligence to address instances of delayed payments for Micro and Small Enterprises.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implementing_Agencies\"><\/span><strong>Implementing Agencies<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) oversees the MSME GIFT and MSME SPICE schemes.&nbsp;<\/li><li>National Informatics Centre Services Inc. (NICSI) manages the MSE ODR scheme.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Green_Technology\"><\/span><strong>What is Green Technology?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Green technology refers to a type of technology recognized for its environmentally friendly characteristics, either in its production process or throughout its supply chain.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It encompasses various fields of scientific research, including energy, atmospheric science, agriculture, material science, and hydrology.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1988800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Valmiki_Tiger_Reserve\"><\/span><strong>Valmiki Tiger Reserve<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-7\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The increase in the tiger population within Bihar&#8217;s Valmiki Tiger Reserve (VTR) is attributed by authorities to a decline in human activities, notably restrictions on illegal mining within its eco-sensitive zone.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/ce38e790-ae4a-4f33-82c4-99bed8611d37\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Valmiki_Tiger_Reserve\"><\/span><strong>About Valmiki Tiger Reserve<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Location\"><\/span><strong>Location<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Situated at the India-Nepal border in the West Champaran district of Bihar, Valmiki Tiger Reserve forms the easternmost limit of the Himalayan Terai forests in India.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It is the sole tiger reserve in Bihar, comprising Valmiki National Park and Valmiki Wildlife Sanctuary.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geographic_Zone\"><\/span><strong>Geographic Zone<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located in the Gangetic Plains bio-geographic zone, the reserve is bordered by Nepal&#8217;s Royal Chitwan National Park in the north and the Gandak River on the western side.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rivers\"><\/span><strong>Rivers<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Various rivers, including Gandak, Pandai, Manor, Harha, Masan, and Bhapsa, flow through different parts of the reserve.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forest_Characteristics\"><\/span><strong>Forest Characteristics<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The region&#8217;s forest combines bhabar and terai tracts, featuring Moist mixed deciduous, Open-land vegetation, Sub-mountainous semi-evergreen formation, Freshwater swamps, Riparian fringes, Alluvial grasslands, high hill savannah, and Wetlands.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vegetation\"><\/span><strong>Vegetation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prominent flora include Sal, Rohini, sihor, teak, bamboo, semal, Mandar, shisham, Jamun, and Gular.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wildlife\"><\/span><strong>Wildlife<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The reserve is home to large predators like Tigers, Leopards, and Indian Wild Dogs. Other fauna include Leopard cats, fishing cats, and Deer (sambar, barking deer, and hog deer), among others.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Project_Tiger\"><\/span><strong>What is Project Tiger<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Launched in 1973 as a centrally sponsored scheme by the Government of India, Project Tiger is administered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The initiative aims to ensure a viable population of the Bengal tiger in its natural habitats, protecting it from extinction, and preserving areas of biological importance as a natural heritage, representing the diverse ecosystems across the tiger&#8217;s range in the country.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/mining\/bihar-reduced-human-activity-including-mining-bans-helped-increase-tiger-numbers-in-valmiki-reserve-93485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Bhoomi_Rashi_Portal\"><\/span><strong>The Bhoomi Rashi Portal<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Infrastructure\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-8\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bhoomi Rashi Portal now includes a total of 1467 projects of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI), as stated by the Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/b17106f9-b66f-4be7-9897-3f12c4d93d2c\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Bhoomi_Rashi_Portal\"><\/span><strong>About Bhoomi Rashi Portal<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview\"><\/span><strong>Overview<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Bhoomi Rashi Portal is an e-governance initiative launched by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways to streamline the land acquisition process for National Highways in India.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objective-2\"><\/span><strong>Objective<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The portal serves as a centralized platform for the online processing of land acquisition notifications, expediting the development of highway infrastructure across the country.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features\"><\/span><strong>Key Features<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bilingual_Application\"><\/span><strong>Bilingual Application<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The portal offers a bilingual interface in Hindi and English for user convenience.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Project_Details\"><\/span><strong>Project Details<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It facilitates the input of project basic details, including land acquisition sanction details.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Land_Acquisition_Locations\"><\/span><strong>Land Acquisition Locations<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Provides an interface for adding details of Land Acquisition locations, such as villages.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Competent_Authority_for_Land_Acquisition_CALA\"><\/span><strong>Competent Authority for Land Acquisition (CALA)<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Includes an interface for CALA details, who is a revenue functionary appointed by the State Government for each NH Project.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Notification_Generation\"><\/span><strong>Notification Generation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Offers an interface for generating land acquisition notifications.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Land_Details\"><\/span><strong>Land Details<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Provides an interface for recording land details.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"E-Office_Management\"><\/span><strong>E-Office Management<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Incorporates organizational email IDs for all stakeholders involved in the process flow.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objections_and_Processing\"><\/span><strong>Objections and Processing<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Includes an interface for raising objections and processing them.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Compensation_Determination\"><\/span><strong>Compensation Determination<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Provides an interface for determining and finalizing compensation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Land_Owners_and_Affected_Parties\"><\/span><strong>Land Owners and Affected Parties<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Offers an interface for communication with landowners and affected parties.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reports_Generation\"><\/span><strong>Reports Generation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Facilitates the generation of various reports related to the land acquisition process.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Integration_with_PFMS\"><\/span><strong>Integration with PFMS<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The portal is seamlessly integrated with the Public Financial Management System (PFMS) of the Ministry of Finance. This integration ensures real-time depositing of compensation directly into the accounts of affected or interested persons.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_National_Highways_Authority_of_India_NHAI\"><\/span><strong>What is the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The NHAI is India&#8217;s premier highway infrastructure development and management authority.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Operating under the administrative control of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, it was established in February 1995 through the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1998.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The NHAI is entrusted with the responsibility of developing, maintaining, and managing the National Highways network across the country.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1988572\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mitochondrial_Diseases\"><\/span><strong>Mitochondrial Diseases<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-9\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A recent study indicates that approximately 25% of patients with mitochondrial diseases experience malnutrition.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/6a68b314-590b-4e5e-83b4-b7dfe39568aa\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Mitochondrial_Diseases\"><\/span><strong>About Mitochondrial Diseases<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview-2\"><\/span><strong>Overview<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mitochondrial diseases encompass a group of conditions that impact the functioning of mitochondria in the body.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Mitochondria\"><\/span><strong>What are Mitochondria?<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mitochondria are membrane-bound cell organelles responsible for generating the majority of chemical energy essential for powering the cell&#8217;s biochemical reactions.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>This energy is produced by combining oxygen with fuel molecules derived from food, such as sugars and fats.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>The chemical energy is stored in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a small molecule.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Notably, mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA are typically inherited exclusively from the mother.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_on_Cells\"><\/span><strong>Impact on Cells<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Defective mitochondria result in insufficient energy within cells, leading to the accumulation of unused oxygen and fuel molecules, causing cellular damage.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Mitochondrial diseases can affect various parts of the body, including the brain, nerves, muscles, kidneys, heart, liver, eyes, ears, and pancreas.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes\"><\/span><strong>Causes<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Primary mitochondrial diseases stem from genetic mutations and often manifest before the age of 20, with some being more prevalent in infants.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Secondary mitochondrial diseases occur when mitochondria function inadequately due to other underlying diseases or conditions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Symptoms\"><\/span><strong>Symptoms<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The symptoms of mitochondrial diseases vary based on the extent of defective mitochondria and their location in the body.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>While some cases may affect only specific organs, tissues, or cell types, others can have a broader impact.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Muscular and neurological problems are common due to the high energy requirements of muscle and nerve cells.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treatment\"><\/span><strong>Treatment<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>While there are no cures for mitochondrial diseases, various treatments aim to alleviate symptoms and slow down disease progression.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Treatment options may include physical therapy, vitamins and supplements, specialized diets, and medications.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_Organelles\"><\/span><strong>What are Organelles?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Organelles are subcellular structures with specific functions within a cell, comparable to organs in the human body. Essential cell organelles include nuclei, responsible for storing genetic information; mitochondria, involved in producing chemical energy; and ribosomes, responsible for assembling proteins.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/medicalxpress.com\/news\/2023-12-quarter-mitochondrial-disease-patients-malnutrition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>ME<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Securities_Appellate_Tribunal_SAT\"><\/span><strong>Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Economy\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-10\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>SAT recently overturned SEBI&#8217;s one-year securities market ban on the Future Retail chairperson and other promoters in an insider trading case.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/54f92066-5768-4dcb-8f05-237298e981cc\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Securities_Appellate_Tribunal_SAT\"><\/span><strong>About Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT)<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formation_and_Authority\"><\/span><strong>Formation and Authority<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SAT was established as a statutory and independent body by the provisions outlined in the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) Act, 1992.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Its primary purpose is to adjudicate appeals against orders issued by SEBI or an adjudicating officer under the SEBI Act.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jurisdiction\"><\/span><strong>Jurisdiction<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SAT has jurisdiction over appeals concerning orders from various regulatory bodies, including the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) and the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA), in addition to those from SEBI.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Composition\"><\/span><strong>Composition<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SAT comprises one Presiding Officer and a determined number of Judicial and Technical members, as decided by the Central Government.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Presiding Officer and Judicial Members are appointed in consultation with the Chief Justice of India or its nominee, ensuring qualifications such as previous judicial experience.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tenure\"><\/span><strong>Tenure<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The tenure for the Presiding Officer and other members is five years from the date of appointment, with the possibility of reappointment for an additional term of up to five years.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, no member shall hold office beyond the age of 70.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Powers_and_Functions\"><\/span><strong>Powers and Functions<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>SAT is endowed with powers equivalent to a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure when adjudicating suits.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>It holds the authority to hear appeals on questions of law.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appeal_Mechanism\"><\/span><strong>Appeal Mechanism<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Any person aggrieved by an order of SEBI or an adjudicating officer has the right to appeal to SAT.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Appeals against SAT&#8217;s orders can further be filed in the Supreme Court, limited to questions of law.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Securities_and_Exchange_Board_of_India_SEBI\"><\/span><strong>What is the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>SEBI is a statutory regulatory body established by the Government of India in 1992 through the SEBI Act. It functions to regulate the securities market in India and safeguard the interests of investors in securities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/markets\/news\/sat-quashes-sebi-s-order-against-biyani-others-in-insider-trading-case-123122000852_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>BS<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Study_of_the_day_%E2%80%93_Kalika_Chetarike\"><\/span><em>Case Study of the day &#8211; Kalika Chetarike<\/em><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Functioning_of_the_Program\"><\/span>Functioning of the Program<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kalika Chetarike was formulated to overcome the limitations of traditional teaching methods and enhance students&#8217; educational outcomes through a focus on activity-based learning. The program champions experiential learning, encouraging students to actively engage in hands-on activities, experiments, projects, and group discussions. Emphasizing critical thinking, problem-solving skills, creativity, and collaborative learning, Kalika Chetarike extends its influence to subjects such as science, mathematics, social sciences, and languages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implementation_Process\"><\/span>Implementation Process<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Curriculum Development:<\/strong> A team of experts, comprising educators and subject specialists, devised an activity-based curriculum that aligns with the state education framework. The curriculum&#8217;s goal was to integrate practical applications and real-life examples, ensuring that learning becomes more relatable and engaging for students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Teacher Training:<\/strong> To facilitate the successful execution of Kalika Chetarike, teachers underwent extensive training on activity-based teaching methodologies. Workshops and seminars were conducted to familiarize teachers with the new curriculum, teaching techniques, and effective ways of incorporating activities into their lessons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Infrastructure and Resources:<\/strong> The government allocated funds to furnish schools with essential infrastructure, including laboratories, libraries, audio-visual aids, and activity kits. These resources were indispensable for conducting experiments, demonstrations, and group activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Monitoring and Evaluation:<\/strong> The program implemented a robust monitoring and evaluation mechanism to assess the effectiveness of Kalika Chetarike. Regular assessments, classroom observations, and feedback from teachers and students were collected to gauge the impact of the activity-based learning approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_of_Kalika_Chetarike\"><\/span>Impact of Kalika Chetarike<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Enhanced Learning Outcomes:<\/strong> The introduction of activity-based learning has positively influenced students&#8217; academic performance, fostering better conceptual understanding, knowledge retention, and the application of learned concepts in real-world scenarios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Increased Student Engagement:<\/strong> Kalika Chetarike has significantly elevated student engagement in the classroom. The hands-on activities and interactive learning methods have made the educational experience enjoyable and interactive, reducing boredom and absenteeism among students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Development of 21st-Century Skills:<\/strong> The program has nurtured crucial 21st-century skills, including critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, collaboration, and creativity. Students are now better equipped to confront real-world challenges and excel in higher education and future careers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Teacher Empowerment:<\/strong> The training provided to teachers has empowered them to embrace innovative teaching practices, fostering their professional growth. Teachers have reported increased job satisfaction and improved classroom management skills.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_in_Implementation\"><\/span>Challenges in Implementation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Resistance to Change:<\/strong> The implementation of a novel teaching approach necessitates a substantial shift in mindset and pedagogical practices, a shift that may encounter resistance from some teachers, parents, and policymakers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Resource Constraints<\/strong>: Ensuring the sustainable implementation of Kalika Chetarike requires the adequate allocation of resources, encompassing funds, infrastructure, and teaching aids.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Scalability<\/strong>: Expanding the program to encompass a larger number of schools and students across the state demands meticulous planning, coordination, and support from the government and educational institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Daily current affairs refer to the most recent and relevant events, developments, and news stories that are happening around the world on a day-to-day basis. These can encompass a wide range of topics, including politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Staying updated with daily current affairs is crucial because it helps individuals make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives. It enables people to understand the world around them, stay aware of significant events, and engage in informed discussions about important issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\"><\/span>Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: There are various sources for daily current affairs, including newspapers, news websites, television news broadcasts, radio programs, and dedicated apps or newsletters. Social media platforms are also widely used to share and access current affairs information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\"><\/span>Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: To incorporate daily current affairs into your routine, consider setting aside specific times each day to read or watch news updates. You can also subscribe to newsletters or follow news apps to receive curated content. Engaging in discussions with peers or participating in online forums can further enhance your understanding of current events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: When analyzing daily current affairs, it&#8217;s essential to cross-reference information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy. Additionally, consider the source&#8217;s credibility and bias, if any. Develop the ability to identify the main points and implications of news stories, and critically evaluate the significance and impact of the events reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":19890,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[160,161,232,140],"class_list":["post-19884","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs-upsc","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19884"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19898,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19884\/revisions\/19898"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}