{"id":20590,"date":"2023-12-29T10:03:32","date_gmt":"2023-12-29T10:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=20590"},"modified":"2023-12-29T10:05:25","modified_gmt":"2023-12-29T10:05:25","slug":"upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Daily Current Affairs &#8211; 29th December 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/current-affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png\" alt=\"UPSC Current Affairs Daily Quiz - Edukemy\" class=\"wp-image-14085\" width=\"780\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/MicrosoftTeams-image-40-1-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination. Our focus today includes a critical analysis of recent policy changes, international affairs, and national developments, all of which play a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic landscape of India. Stay informed and stay ahead in your UPSC preparations with our daily current affairs updates, as we provide you with concise, well-researched insights to help you connect the dots between contemporary events and the broader canvas of the civil services syllabus.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e9209184479\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e9209184479\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#UAPA_Designates_Hurriyat_Chiefs_Organization_as_an_Unlawful_Association\" title=\"UAPA Designates Hurriyat Chief&#8217;s Organization as an Unlawful Association&nbsp;\">UAPA Designates Hurriyat Chief&#8217;s Organization as an Unlawful Association&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Unlawful_Activities_Prevention_Act_UAPA_1967_An_Overview\" title=\"Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), 1967: An Overview&nbsp;\">Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), 1967: An Overview&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\u00a0\">Introduction\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Prohibited_Activities\" title=\"Prohibited Activities\u00a0\">Prohibited Activities\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Key_Provisions\" title=\"Key Provisions\u00a0\">Key Provisions\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Timeline_and_Special_Court\" title=\"Timeline and Special Court\u00a0\">Timeline and Special Court\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Sanction_to_Prosecute\" title=\"Sanction to Prosecute\u00a0\">Sanction to Prosecute\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Crucial_Sections\" title=\"Crucial Sections\u00a0\">Crucial Sections\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#2019_Amendment\" title=\"2019 Amendment\u00a0\">2019 Amendment\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Masarat_Alam_Who_is_He\" title=\"Masarat Alam: Who is He?&nbsp;\">Masarat Alam: Who is He?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#PM_JANMAN_Scheme_A_Support_for_Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Groups\" title=\"PM JANMAN Scheme: A Support for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups&nbsp;\">PM JANMAN Scheme: A Support for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-2\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Groups_PVTGs_Overview\" title=\"Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs): Overview&nbsp;\">Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs): Overview&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Introduction-2\" title=\"Introduction\u00a0\">Introduction\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Numbers_and_Distribution\" title=\"Numbers and Distribution\u00a0\">Numbers and Distribution\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Distinct_Characteristics\" title=\"Distinct Characteristics\u00a0\">Distinct Characteristics\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Challenges_in_Development\" title=\"Challenges in Development\u00a0\">Challenges in Development\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Government_Schemes_for_PVTGs\" title=\"Government Schemes for PVTGs\u00a0\">Government Schemes for PVTGs\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Other_Measures\" title=\"Other Measures\u00a0\">Other Measures\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#PM-JANMAN_A_Different_Approach\" title=\"PM-JANMAN: A Different Approach&nbsp;\">PM-JANMAN: A Different Approach&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Proper_Identification_and_Recognition\" title=\"Proper Identification and Recognition\u00a0\">Proper Identification and Recognition\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Livelihood_Promotion\" title=\"Livelihood Promotion\u00a0\">Livelihood Promotion\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Health_Nutrition_and_Education\" title=\"Health, Nutrition, and Education\u00a0\">Health, Nutrition, and Education\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Infrastructure_Development\" title=\"Infrastructure Development\u00a0\">Infrastructure Development\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#MGNREGS_Scheme\" title=\"MGNREGS Scheme&nbsp;\">MGNREGS Scheme&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-3\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Womens_Participation_Trends_in_MGNREGA_An_Analysis\" title=\"Women&#8217;s Participation Trends in MGNREGA: An Analysis&nbsp;\">Women&#8217;s Participation Trends in MGNREGA: An Analysis&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Women_Participation_Trends\" title=\"Women Participation Trends&nbsp;\">Women Participation Trends&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Rural_Labor_Force_Trends\" title=\"Rural Labor Force Trends&nbsp;\">Rural Labor Force Trends&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#MGNREGA_Scheme_Overview\" title=\"MGNREGA Scheme Overview&nbsp;\">MGNREGA Scheme Overview&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Major_Features\" title=\"Major Features\u00a0\">Major Features\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Implementation_Agency\" title=\"Implementation Agency\u00a0\">Implementation Agency\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Objective\" title=\"Objective\u00a0\">Objective\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Achievements_of_2022-23\" title=\"Achievements of 2022-23&nbsp;\">Achievements of 2022-23&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Challenges_with_Scheme_Implementation\" title=\"Challenges with Scheme Implementation&nbsp;\">Challenges with Scheme Implementation&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Way_Forward\" title=\"Way Forward&nbsp;\">Way Forward&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Dark_Energy\" title=\"Dark Energy&nbsp;\">Dark Energy&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-4\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Understanding_Dark_Energy_in_the_Universe_An_Overview\" title=\"Understanding Dark Energy in the Universe: An Overview&nbsp;\">Understanding Dark Energy in the Universe: An Overview&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#About_Dark_Energy\" title=\"About Dark Energy&nbsp;\">About Dark Energy&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Key_Characteristics_of_Dark_Energy\" title=\"Key Characteristics of Dark Energy&nbsp;\">Key Characteristics of Dark Energy&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Invisible_Force_Driving_Expansion\" title=\"Invisible Force Driving Expansion\u00a0\">Invisible Force Driving Expansion\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Space_Dynamics\" title=\"Space Dynamics\u00a0\u00a0\">Space Dynamics\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Unique_Contributions_to_Expansion\" title=\"Unique Contributions to Expansion\u00a0\u00a0\">Unique Contributions to Expansion\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Balancing_Act\" title=\"Balancing Act\u00a0\u00a0\">Balancing Act\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Implications_of_Dark_Energy\" title=\"Implications of Dark Energy&nbsp;\">Implications of Dark Energy&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Significance_for_the_Observable_Universe\" title=\"Significance for the Observable Universe\u00a0\">Significance for the Observable Universe\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Diluteness_Across_the_Universe\" title=\"Diluteness Across the Universe\u00a0\">Diluteness Across the Universe\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Possible_Explanations_for_Dark_Energy\" title=\"Possible Explanations for Dark Energy&nbsp;\">Possible Explanations for Dark Energy&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Property_of_Space\" title=\"Property of Space\u00a0\">Property of Space\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Quantum_Theory_of_Matter\" title=\"Quantum Theory of Matter\u00a0\">Quantum Theory of Matter\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Fifth_Fundamental_Force\" title=\"Fifth Fundamental Force\u00a0\">Fifth Fundamental Force\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Pantoea_Tagorei\" title=\"Pantoea Tagorei&nbsp;\">Pantoea Tagorei&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-5\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Unlocking_Agricultural_Potential_Pantoea_Tagoreis_Role_as_a_Biofertilizer\" title=\"Unlocking Agricultural Potential: Pantoea Tagorei&#8217;s Role as a Biofertilizer\u00a0\">Unlocking Agricultural Potential: Pantoea Tagorei&#8217;s Role as a Biofertilizer\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Overview\" title=\"Overview\u00a0\">Overview\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Habitat_and_Isolation\" title=\"Habitat and Isolation\u00a0\">Habitat and Isolation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Plant_Growth-Promoting_Abilities\" title=\"Plant Growth-Promoting Abilities\u00a0\">Plant Growth-Promoting Abilities\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Nutrient_Extraction_and_Solubilization\" title=\"Nutrient Extraction and Solubilization\u00a0\">Nutrient Extraction and Solubilization\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Impact_on_Crop_Yield_and_Food_Security\" title=\"Impact on Crop Yield and Food Security\u00a0\">Impact on Crop Yield and Food Security\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Reducing_Dependency_on_Commercial_Fertilizers\" title=\"Reducing Dependency on Commercial Fertilizers\u00a0\">Reducing Dependency on Commercial Fertilizers\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Sensor_for_Formalin_Detection_in_Fish\" title=\"Sensor for Formalin Detection in Fish&nbsp;\">Sensor for Formalin Detection in Fish&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-6\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Key_Facts_About_the_Metal_Oxide-rGO_Sensor\" title=\"Key Facts About the Metal Oxide-rGO Sensor&nbsp;\">Key Facts About the Metal Oxide-rGO Sensor&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Overview-2\" title=\"Overview\u00a0\">Overview\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Need_for_Innovation\" title=\"Need for Innovation\u00a0\">Need for Innovation\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Working_Procedure\" title=\"Working Procedure\u00a0\">Working Procedure\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Challenges_with_GO\" title=\"Challenges with GO\u00a0\u00a0\">Challenges with GO\u00a0\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Enhanced_Composite\" title=\"Enhanced Composite\u00a0\">Enhanced Composite\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Composite_Benefits\" title=\"Composite Benefits\u00a0\">Composite Benefits\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Effective_Sensing\" title=\"Effective Sensing\u00a0\">Effective Sensing\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Optimized_Combination\" title=\"Optimized Combination\u00a0\">Optimized Combination\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Breakthrough_in_Food_Adulteration_Prevention\" title=\"Breakthrough in Food Adulteration Prevention&nbsp;\">Breakthrough in Food Adulteration Prevention&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Palna_Scheme\" title=\"Palna Scheme&nbsp;\">Palna Scheme&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-7\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#About_Palna_Scheme\" title=\"About Palna Scheme&nbsp;\">About Palna Scheme&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#National_Legal_Services_Authority_NALSA\" title=\"National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)&nbsp;\">National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-8\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#About_the_National_Legal_Services_Authority_NALSA\" title=\"About the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)&nbsp;\">About the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Introduction-3\" title=\"Introduction&nbsp;\">Introduction&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Primary_Objective\" title=\"Primary Objective&nbsp;\">Primary Objective&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Leadership\" title=\"Leadership&nbsp;\">Leadership&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Organizational_Structure\" title=\"Organizational Structure&nbsp;\">Organizational Structure&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Legal_Literacy_Programs\" title=\"Legal Literacy Programs&nbsp;\">Legal Literacy Programs&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Free_Legal_Services\" title=\"Free Legal Services&nbsp;\">Free Legal Services&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Eligibility_for_Free_Legal_Services\" title=\"Eligibility for Free Legal Services&nbsp;\">Eligibility for Free Legal Services&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Constitutional_Provisions\" title=\"Constitutional Provisions&nbsp;\">Constitutional Provisions&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Key_Facts_about_Lok_Adalats\" title=\"Key Facts about Lok Adalats&nbsp;\">Key Facts about Lok Adalats&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Appeal_and_Fees\" title=\"Appeal and Fees&nbsp;\">Appeal and Fees&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Nature_of_Cases_for_Lok_Adalats\" title=\"Nature of Cases for Lok Adalats&nbsp;\">Nature of Cases for Lok Adalats&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Wangs_Garden_Lizard\" title=\"Wang\u2019s Garden Lizard&nbsp;\">Wang\u2019s Garden Lizard&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-9\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#About_Wangs_Garden_Lizard\" title=\"About Wang\u2019s Garden Lizard&nbsp;\">About Wang\u2019s Garden Lizard&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Species_Identification\" title=\"Species Identification\u00a0\">Species Identification\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Distribution\" title=\"Distribution\u00a0\">Distribution\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Conservation_Status\" title=\"Conservation Status\u00a0\">Conservation Status\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Distinctive_Features\" title=\"Distinctive Features\u00a0\">Distinctive Features\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Diet_and_Activity\" title=\"Diet and Activity\u00a0\">Diet and Activity\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Cultural_Significance\" title=\"Cultural Significance\u00a0\">Cultural Significance\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-101\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Eurasian_Otter\" title=\"Eurasian Otter&nbsp;\">Eurasian Otter&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-102\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_News-10\" title=\"In News:\">In News:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-103\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#About_the_Eurasian_Otter\" title=\"About the Eurasian Otter&nbsp;\">About the Eurasian Otter&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-104\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Species_Classification\" title=\"Species Classification\u00a0\">Species Classification\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-105\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Geographical_Distribution\" title=\"Geographical Distribution\u00a0\">Geographical Distribution\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-106\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Habitat_Variety\" title=\"Habitat Variety\u00a0\">Habitat Variety\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-107\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Physical_Features\" title=\"Physical Features\u00a0\">Physical Features\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-108\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Diet_Diversity\" title=\"Diet Diversity\u00a0\">Diet Diversity\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-109\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Conservation_Status-2\" title=\"Conservation Status\u00a0\">Conservation Status\u00a0<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-110\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Case_Study_of_the_Day_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CSikkim_man_keeps_12406_ft_lake_litter-free_for_over_a_decade%E2%80%9D\" title=\"Case Study of the Day &#8211; &#8220;Sikkim man keeps 12,406 ft. lake litter-free for over a decade.&#8221;\">Case Study of the Day &#8211; &#8220;Sikkim man keeps 12,406 ft. lake litter-free for over a decade.&#8221;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-111\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-112\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are daily current affairs?\">Q: What are daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-113\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?\">Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-114\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\" title=\"Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?\">Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-115\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\" title=\"Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?\">Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-116\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?\">Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-117\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-118\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-29th-december-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UAPA_Designates_Hurriyat_Chiefs_Organization_as_an_Unlawful_Association\"><\/span><strong>UAPA Designates Hurriyat Chief&#8217;s Organization as an Unlawful Association<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Defence and Security&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) announces the unlawful status of the Muslim League Jammu Kashmir (Masarat Alam faction).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"622\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-83-1024x622.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20596 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/622;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unlawful_Activities_Prevention_Act_UAPA_1967_An_Overview\"><\/span><strong>Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA), 1967: An Overview<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span><strong>Introduction<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Enacted in 1967, the UAPA serves as India&#8217;s primary counter-terrorism legislation, aimed at curbing unlawful and terrorist activities that threaten the nation&#8217;s integrity and sovereignty.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prohibited_Activities\"><\/span><strong>Prohibited Activities<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The UAPA targets various activities, including <strong>aiding and abetting terrorists<\/strong>, <strong>funding terrorism<\/strong>, <strong>inciting anti-national sentiments<\/strong>, and engaging in <strong>other unlawful acts<\/strong> <strong>against the state<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Provisions\"><\/span><strong>Key Provisions<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Granting extensive powers to the Central Government, the UAPA allows for the designation of organizations as terrorist entities and prescribes penalties for involvement in their activities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Notably, these provisions apply to both Indian and foreign nationals, even if offenses occur outside India.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Timeline_and_Special_Court\"><\/span><strong>Timeline and Special Court<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The UAPA stipulates a maximum of 180 days for filing a charge sheet after arrests, with investigations to be completed within 90 days.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Failure to meet this deadline grants the accused eligibility for default bail. The act establishes special courts to conduct trials.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sanction_to_Prosecute\"><\/span><strong>Sanction to Prosecute<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Section 45 mandates that no court can take cognizance of UAPA offenses without prior sanction from the central or state government or an authorized officer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The sanction must be granted within a specified time after an independent review of evidence by the competent authority.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crucial_Sections\"><\/span><strong>Crucial Sections<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Several sections of the UAPA, including <strong>Section 13<\/strong> (Punishment for unlawful activities), <strong>Section 16<\/strong> (Punishment for terrorist acts), <strong>Section 17<\/strong> (Punishment for raising funds for terrorist acts), <strong>Section 18<\/strong> (Punishment for organizing terrorist camps), and <strong>Section 22<\/strong> (Punishment for threatening witnesses), outline specific offenses and corresponding penalties.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2019_Amendment\"><\/span><strong>2019 Amendment<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The UAPA underwent amendments in 2019, expanding its scope.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Changes included empowering the government to designate individuals as terrorists, requiring NIA approval for property seizure in NIA-led investigations, and adding the International Convention for Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism (2005) to the list of treaties.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Masarat_Alam_Who_is_He\"><\/span><strong>Masarat Alam: Who is He?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Masarat Alam, successor to the late Syed Ali Shah Geelani and current chairman of the Hurriyat Conference, leads the Muslim League Jammu Kashmir. Notably, Alam played a prominent role in organizing anti-India protests in the Valley in 2010.\u00a0<\/li><li>Arrested under the Jammu and Kashmir Public Safety Act (PSA), he was released in 2015 but has remained in detention for almost 13 years.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/muslim-league-jammu-kashmir-masarat-alam-faction-unlawful-association-uapa-amit-shah-mha\/article67679464.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PM_JANMAN_Scheme_A_Support_for_Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Groups\"><\/span><strong>PM JANMAN Scheme: A Support for Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS-1 Social Issues\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-2\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On November 29, the Union Cabinet gave its nod to the Pradhan Mantri Janjati Adivasi Nyaya Maha Abhiyan (PM JANMAN).\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/67293927-1021-466c-ac60-fb2959e4be8e\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Particularly_Vulnerable_Tribal_Groups_PVTGs_Overview\"><\/span><strong>Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs): Overview<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction-2\"><\/span><strong>Introduction<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>PVTGs represent the most vulnerable segment among tribal groups, initially identified as &#8220;Primitive Tribal Groups&#8221; (PTG) by the <strong>Dhebar Commission<\/strong> in 1960-61.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The category was later renamed Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in 2006.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Numbers_and_Distribution\"><\/span><strong>Numbers and Distribution<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 1975, the Government of India designated 52 tribal groups as PVTGs based on the Dhebar Commission&#8217;s recommendations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Presently, there are 75 such groups spread across 22,544 villages in 18 states and one Union Territory, totaling approximately 28 lakh individuals<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Odisha<\/strong> has the highest concentration, exceeding 2.5 lakh PVTG members.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distinct_Characteristics\"><\/span><strong>Distinct Characteristics<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>PVTGs share common characteristics, including stagnant or declining populations, pre-agricultural technology, extremely low literacy levels, and economies at a subsistence level.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Population sizes vary significantly among groups, ranging from under 1,000 to over 1 lakh.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_in_Development\"><\/span><strong>Challenges in Development<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Severely marginalized due to isolation and distinct socio-economic and cultural traits, PVTGs face challenges such as limited access to basic services, social discrimination, vulnerability to displacement, and inadequate political representation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Mainstream society often overlooks their traditional knowledge, and stereotypes persist.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Schemes_for_PVTGs\"><\/span><strong>Government Schemes for PVTGs<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Government initiatives, including the PVTG Development Plan, Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Vikas Mission (PMJVM), and others, aim for holistic tribal area development.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These schemes focus on education, healthcare, livelihood opportunities, and the preservation of traditional knowledge.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Measures\"><\/span><strong>Other Measures<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Various measures, such as Eklavya Model Residential Schools, Forest Rights Act 2006 for land titles, and support through the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act 1989, contribute to education, self-governance, and protection against discrimination.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PM-JANMAN_A_Different_Approach\"><\/span><strong>PM-JANMAN: A Different Approach<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Proper_Identification_and_Recognition\"><\/span><strong>Proper Identification and Recognition<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Criticism of outdated criteria for identifying PVTGs led to the government&#8217;s initiative to create a Human Development Index specifically for them.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The participatory bottom-up approach abandons a one-size-fits-all strategy, involving PVTGs in decision-making.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Livelihood_Promotion\"><\/span><strong>Livelihood Promotion<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The scheme emphasizes customized strategies, providing skills training, and resources, and implementing the Forest Rights Act to secure access to forest resources.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Traditional technologies are encouraged for sustainable development.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Health_Nutrition_and_Education\"><\/span><strong>Health, Nutrition, and Education<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Outreach strategies, such as Mobile Medical Health Units, are crucial for healthcare in remote areas. Education accessibility is enhanced by incorporating culture and language into the curriculum and training teachers about PVTG cultural contexts.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Infrastructure_Development\"><\/span><strong>Infrastructure Development<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Guidelines for infrastructure schemes have been relaxed to accommodate the unique habitation patterns of PVTGs, ensuring improved access to housing, water, sanitation, electricity, and connectivity.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/pm-janman-scheme-particularly-vulnerable-tribal-groups-9085355\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MGNREGS_Scheme\"><\/span><strong>MGNREGS Scheme<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS-2 Government policies and interventions, poverty and development\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-3\"><\/span><strong>In News<\/strong>: <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In the fiscal year 2023-24, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has experienced a notable increase in women&#8217;s involvement, reaching an unprecedented high.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/227e06bc-b51a-470d-9f77-93166174bb4e\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Womens_Participation_Trends_in_MGNREGA_An_Analysis\"><\/span><strong>Women&#8217;s Participation Trends in MGNREGA: An Analysis<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Women_Participation_Trends\"><\/span><strong>Women Participation Trends<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Gradual Increase<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Over the last decade, women&#8217;s participation in MGNREGA has steadily risen, reaching 59.25% from 53.19% during the 2020-21 Covid-19 outbreak.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Regional Disparities<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Southern states like Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, and Goa exhibit high women&#8217;s involvement, exceeding 70%, while northern states such as Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh lag at around 40%.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Recent Improvements<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Despite historical disparities, states like Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Lakshadweep have shown recent improvements in women&#8217;s participation rates in the ongoing financial year.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rural_Labor_Force_Trends\"><\/span><strong>Rural Labor Force Trends<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Beyond MGNREGS<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) indicates a substantial surge in the Female Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in rural areas, rising from 18.2% in 2017-18 to 30.5% in 2022-23.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Female unemployment rates have concurrently decreased from 3.8% to 1.8% during the same period.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MGNREGA_Scheme_Overview\"><\/span><strong>MGNREGA Scheme Overview<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Introduction<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>MGNREGA, initiated in 2005 by the Ministry of Rural Development, is one of the world&#8217;s largest work guarantee programs.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Legal Guarantee<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>It provides a legal guarantee of 100 days of employment in every financial year to adult members of rural households willing to engage in unskilled manual work at the minimum wage.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Active Workers<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>As of 2023-24, there are 14.32 crore active workers.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Features\"><\/span><strong>Major Features<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Legal Guarantee<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>The cornerstone of MGNREGA ensures that rural adults can request and must receive work within 15 days; otherwise, an &#8220;unemployment allowance&#8221; is mandated.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Priority for Women<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>The scheme prioritizes women, aiming for at least one-third of beneficiaries to be women who have registered and requested work.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Social Audit<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Section 17 mandates a social audit of all works executed under MGNREGA.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implementation_Agency\"><\/span><strong>Implementation Agency<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Monitoring<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>The Ministry of Rural Development, in collaboration with state governments, monitors the entire implementation of the scheme.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objective\"><\/span><strong>Objective<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Poverty Alleviation<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>MGNREGA aims to improve the purchasing power of rural people, offering semi or unskilled work to those below the poverty line and bridging the gap between the rich and poor.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Achievements_of_2022-23\"><\/span><strong>Achievements of 2022-23<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Households Employed<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>In 2022-23, 11.37 crore households availed employment.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Person-Days Generated<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>A total of 289.24 crore person-days employment was generated, with significant proportions for women, Scheduled Castes (SCs), and Scheduled Tribes (STs).\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_with_Scheme_Implementation\"><\/span><strong>Challenges with Scheme Implementation<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Funds Dispersal<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Delays and insufficiency in funds dispersal, leading to delays in wage payments, have impacted the effectiveness of MGNREGA.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Caste-Based Segregation<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>Significant variations in delays by caste, with SC and ST workers facing more challenges than non-SC\/ST workers.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Ineffective Role of PRI<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) lack autonomy, hindering the effective implementation of MGNREGA.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Incomplete Works<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>There is a delay in completing works, irregular inspection of projects, and concerns about the quality of work and asset creation.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Fabrication of Job Cards<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Issues related to fake job cards, inclusion of fictitious names, missing entries, and delays in making entries pose challenges.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Way_Forward\"><\/span><strong>Way Forward<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Consistent Fund Flow<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>Ensuring a consistent fund flow to states and implementing agencies while leveraging digital tools for transparent, timely wage payments.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Focus on Exclusion Errors<\/strong>\u00a0<ul><li>Identifying areas where marginalized SC and ST families are missing out on MGNREGA benefits.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Empower Councils<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<ul><li>Empowering State and Central Employment Guarantee Councils for informed decisions, incorporating public participation through assemblies, civil society, and worker unions.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Prelims (2011)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Q. Among the following who are eligible to benefit from the \u201cMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act\u201d?\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202fAdult members of only the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households\u00a0<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202fAdult members of below poverty line (BPL) households.\u00a0<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202fAdult members of households of all backward communities\u00a0<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202fAdult members of any household\u00a0<br><strong>Ans: (d)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Exp:<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee (MGNREGA), which is the largest work guarantee program in the world, was enacted in 2005 with the primary objective of guaranteeing 100 days of wage employment per year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.\u00a0<br>It aims at addressing the causes of chronic poverty through the \u2018works\u2019 (projects) that are undertaken, thus ensuring sustainable development. There is also an emphasis on strengthening the process of decentralization by giving a significant role to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in planning and implementing these works.\u00a0<br>Therefore, option D is the correct answer.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/women-participation-in-nregs-continues-to-rise-59-this-fiscal-9082675\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dark_Energy\"><\/span><strong>Dark Energy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Science and Tech.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-4\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A fragile equilibrium exists in the composition of the universe&#8217;s energy, with various forms of matter and radiation intricately balanced.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"476\" height=\"311\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-58.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20597 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 476px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 476\/311;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Understanding_Dark_Energy_in_the_Universe_An_Overview\"><\/span><strong>Understanding Dark Energy in the Universe: An Overview<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Dark_Energy\"><\/span><strong>About Dark Energy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dark energy, a mysterious and elusive form of energy, constitutes a significant portion of the universe&#8217;s total energy content.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>It plays a crucial role in the observed accelerated expansion of the cosmos, with approximately 68% of the universe attributed to dark energy, while dark matter makes up around 27%.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In contrast, all observable matter on Earth constitutes less than 5%.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Characteristics_of_Dark_Energy\"><\/span><strong>Key Characteristics of Dark Energy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Invisible_Force_Driving_Expansion\"><\/span><strong>Invisible Force Driving Expansion<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dark energy serves as an unseen force responsible for the universe&#8217;s accelerated expansion.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Unlike gravity, which pulls objects together, dark energy acts as a repulsive force, pushing galaxies away from each other.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Space_Dynamics\"><\/span><strong>Space Dynamics<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dark energy challenges the idea of space as a void, presenting it as a dynamic, stretchable medium that responds to the presence of energy.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unique_Contributions_to_Expansion\"><\/span><strong>Unique Contributions to Expansion<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Different forms of energy, including matter, radiation, and dark energy, contribute uniquely to the non-uniform expansion of the universe.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Balancing_Act\"><\/span><strong>Balancing Act<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dark energy dominates the universe&#8217;s energy budget, influencing the overall rate at which space expands.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Maintaining a delicate balance with other forms of energy is essential for cosmic stability.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implications_of_Dark_Energy\"><\/span><strong>Implications of Dark Energy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significance_for_the_Observable_Universe\"><\/span><strong>Significance for the Observable Universe<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The amount of dark energy holds significant implications for the observable universe.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>An excess of positive energy could result in galaxies moving away faster than light, limiting visibility to nearby regions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Conversely, excessive negative energy might lead to a universe collapse.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diluteness_Across_the_Universe\"><\/span><strong>Diluteness Across the Universe<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Despite its dominance, dark energy is incredibly dilute across the vastness of the universe, posing questions about its nature and distribution.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Possible_Explanations_for_Dark_Energy\"><\/span><strong>Possible Explanations for Dark Energy<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Property_of_Space\"><\/span><strong>Property of Space<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Einstein&#8217;s gravity theory suggests that &#8220;space&#8221; can possess its energy, not diluted as space expands, causing accelerated expansion.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quantum_Theory_of_Matter\"><\/span><strong>Quantum Theory of Matter<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The quantum theory of matter proposes that &#8220;space&#8221; is filled with temporary particles, forming and disappearing continually.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fifth_Fundamental_Force\"><\/span><strong>Fifth Fundamental Force<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Speculative theories suggest a fifth fundamental force, termed &#8220;quintessence,&#8221; to explain dark energy.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, none of these theories have been conclusively proven, rendering dark energy the &#8220;most profound mystery in all of science.&#8221;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Prelims (2012)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Q. Which of the following is\/are cited by the scientists as evidence\/evidence for the continued expansion of the universe?\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Detection of microwaves in space\u00a0<br>Observation of redshift phenomenon in space\u00a0<br>Movement of asteroids in space\u00a0<br>Occurrence of supernova explosions in space\u00a0<br><strong>Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202f1 and 2\u00a0<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202f2 only\u00a0<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202f1, 3 and 4\u00a0<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202fNone of the above can be cited as evidence\u00a0<br><strong>Ans: (a)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Exp:<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in 1963 found mysterious microwaves coming equally from all directions. The radiation called the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation was the radiation predicted years earlier by Gamow, Herman, and Alpher. This convinced most astronomers that the Big Bang theory was correct and provided an evidential base for the continued expansion of the universe. Hence, 1 is correct.\u00a0<br>Edwin Hubble in 1929 measured the redshifts of several distant galaxies. On plotting redshift against relative distance, the redshift of distant galaxies increased as a linear function of their distance. Astronomers measure the movement of objects relative to us using the Doppler shift. Light from distant objects in the universe is redshifted (shift in the frequency of light towards red color), which tells us that the objects are all receding away from us. Hence, 2 is correct.\u00a0<br>The movement of an asteroid in space may provide information regarding the type of material in the early universe, but as such no evidence regarding the expanding universe is provided. Hence, 3 is not correct.\u00a0<br>The supernova explosion occurs when there is a change in the core, or center, of a star. It happens in either a binary star system or at the end of a single star\u2019s lifetime. It helps in studying the distribution of elements throughout the universe. These elements travel on to form new stars, planets, and everything else in the universe. However, it does not provide evidence for an expanding universe. Hence, 4 is not correct.\u00a0<br><strong>Therefore, option (a) is the correct answer.<\/strong>\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/cosmological-constant-problem-biggest-crisis-physics\/article67310330.ece#:~:text=The%20problem%20arises&amp;text=This%20is%20to%20say%20that,in%20the%20history%20of%20physics%E2%80%9D.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pantoea_Tagorei\"><\/span><strong>Pantoea Tagorei<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Science and Tech.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-5\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A groundbreaking discovery by researchers at Visva-Bharati University unveils a novel bacterial species, Pantoea Tagorei<strong>, <\/strong>with the potential to revolutionize agricultural methods.<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/f24bfff3-cb0e-4dcd-a354-6361001ed4e9\"><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unlocking_Agricultural_Potential_Pantoea_Tagoreis_Role_as_a_Biofertilizer\"><\/span><strong>Unlocking Agricultural Potential: Pantoea Tagorei&#8217;s Role as a Biofertilizer<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview\"><\/span><strong>Overview<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pantoea Tagorei bacteria, belonging to the genus Pantoea within the Enterobacteriaceae family, have notable characteristics and applications.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Habitat_and_Isolation\"><\/span><strong>Habitat and Isolation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pantoea bacteria, including Pantoea Tagorei, can be found in diverse environments such as water, soil, humans, animals, and plants.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Plant_Growth-Promoting_Abilities\"><\/span><strong>Plant Growth-Promoting Abilities<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Described as a plant growth-promoting bacteria, Pantoea Tagorei exhibits impressive capabilities in enhancing the cultivation of various crops, including paddy, pea, and chili.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nutrient_Extraction_and_Solubilization\"><\/span><strong>Nutrient Extraction and Solubilization<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The bacteria efficiently extract potassium from the soil, contributing to enhanced plant growth.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Additionally, it facilitates the solubilization of both potassium and phosphorus, nitrogen fixation, and overall nutrient availability for plants.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Impact_on_Crop_Yield_and_Food_Security\"><\/span><strong>Impact on Crop Yield and Food Security<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The positive effects on plant growth suggest the potential for increased crop yield, addressing critical issues related to food security.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reducing_Dependency_on_Commercial_Fertilizers\"><\/span><strong>Reducing Dependency on Commercial Fertilizers<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pantoea Tagorei plays a crucial role in enhancing soil nutrient availability, potentially reducing the reliance on commercial fertilizers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This aspect makes it a cost-effective approach to sustainable agriculture, positioning it as a potential biofertilizer.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Prelims (2021)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Q. Concerning Madanapalle of Andhra Pradesh, which one of the following statements is correct?<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202fPingali Venkayya designed the tricolor Indian National Flag here.\u00a0<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202fPattabhi Sitaramaiah led the Quit India Movement of the Andhra region from here.\u00a0<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202fRabindranath Tagore translated the National Anthem from Bengali to English here.\u00a0<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202fMadame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott set up the headquarters of the Theosophical Society first here.\u00a0<br><strong>Ans: (c)<\/strong>\u00a0<br>The original song \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 (National Anthem) was written in Bengali but in a Sanskritized dialect known as Sadhu Bhasha.\u00a0<br>The idea of translating the song from Bengali to English came to Rabindranath Tagore while he was visiting the Besant Theosophical College at the invitation of Irish poet James H. Cousins. He penned down the English translation during his stay at Madanapalle, a small town in the Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh.\u00a0<br>Jana Gana Mana was officially proclaimed as India\u2019s National Anthem by the Constituent Assembly of India on 24th January 24, 1950.\u00a0<br><strong>Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Prelims (2010)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Q. Which feature of some species of blue-green algae helps promote them as bio-fertilizers?\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u202fThey convert atmospheric methane into ammonia which the crop plants can absorb readily\u00a0<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u202fThey induce the crop plants to produce the enzymes that help convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates\u00a0<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u202fThey have the mechanism to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that the crop plants can absorb readily\u00a0<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u202fThey induce the roots of the crop plants to absorb the soil nitrates in larger quantities\u00a0<br><strong>Ans: (c)<\/strong>\u00a0<br><strong>Exp:<\/strong>\u00a0<br>Cyanobacteria or blue-green algae is an example of a bio-fertilizer, a type of organic fertilizer that contains living organisms and harnesses naturally occurring inputs like solar energy, nitrogen, and water to ensure soil fertility and plant growth\u00a0<br>Blue-green algae are photoautotrophic microbes. They have specialized cells which utilise solar energy to reduce atmospheric N2 into Ammonia. Ammonia is used by plants for growth and increased production.\u00a0<br>Therefore, option (c) is the correct answer.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/pantoea-tagorei-visva-bharati-discovers-new-bacteria-names-it-after-rabindranath-tagore\/article67671534.ece#:~:text=Tagore%20had%20sent%20his%20son,after%20Nobel%20laureate%20Rabindranath%20Tagore.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sensor_for_Formalin_Detection_in_Fish\"><\/span><strong>Sensor for Formalin Detection in Fish<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment and Science and Tech.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-6\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers at Guwahati University, Assam, have innovated a novel sensor comprising a metal oxide-reduced graphene oxide (metal oxide-rGO) composite.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/dda60bbb-78d2-4ffb-a2ed-089800669d0e\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Facts_About_the_Metal_Oxide-rGO_Sensor\"><\/span><strong>Key Facts About the Metal Oxide-rGO Sensor<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview-2\"><\/span><strong>Overview<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The sensor utilizes a composite of Graphene Oxide (GO) and tin oxide-reduced graphene oxide (rGO-SnO2) to detect formalin in adulterated fishes, offering a low-cost, non-invasive, and selective solution to prevent food adulteration.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Need_for_Innovation\"><\/span><strong>Need for Innovation<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Traditional formalin sensors for fish either rely on expensive electrochemical-based methods or less costly but invasive colorimetric-based approaches.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>These methods often struggle with issues related to low-level and selective detection.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Procedure\"><\/span><strong>Working Procedure<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_with_GO\"><\/span><strong>Challenges with GO<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The oxidized form of graphene, GO, initially poses challenges due to low electrical conductivity.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enhanced_Composite\"><\/span><strong>Enhanced Composite<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Scientists addressed GO&#8217;s limitations by developing a composite, tin oxide-reduced graphene oxide (rGO-SnO2), with improved properties.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Composite_Benefits\"><\/span><strong>Composite Benefits<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>rGO provides high solution processability and ease of chemical modification, while tin oxide contributes high stability and sensitivity to low concentrations of formaldehyde.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effective_Sensing\"><\/span><strong>Effective Sensing<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The sensor, crafted from tin oxide (SnO2) decorated Reduced graphene oxide (rGO), demonstrates effective sensing of formaldehyde vapor at room temperature.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Optimized_Combination\"><\/span><strong>Optimized Combination<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Leveraging the strengths of rGO in detecting toxic gases and SnO2 in formaldehyde detection, the combination maximizes their capabilities.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Breakthrough_in_Food_Adulteration_Prevention\"><\/span><strong>Breakthrough in Food Adulteration Prevention<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The ongoing lab process for designing the prototype marks a potential breakthrough in preventing food adulteration, showcasing the sensor&#8217;s significance in ensuring food safety for consumers.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1990560#:~:text=A%20new%20low%2Dcost%20sensor,with%20a%20low%20detection%20limit.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Palna_Scheme\"><\/span><strong>Palna Scheme<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Women Empowerment\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-7\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Under the &#8216;Palna&#8217; scheme, the Ministry of Women and Child Development aims to establish 17,000 creches within Anganwadi centers throughout India\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Palna_Scheme\"><\/span><strong>About Palna Scheme<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This undertaking seeks to offer secure daycare facilities, fostering the cognitive, nutritional, and health advancement of children.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>With a rising women workforce participation rate, reaching 37% in 2022, the expansion of creches reflects a dedicated endeavor to bolster women&#8217;s support while nurturing the development of upcoming generations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>In July 2022, the Ministry of Women and Child Development overhauled the National Creche Scheme, rebranding it as the Palna Scheme under &#8216;Mission Shakti.&#8217;\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>This transformation introduced Anganwadi cum Creches and reclassified existing creches from the previous scheme as Stand Alone Creches.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1989473\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"National_Legal_Services_Authority_NALSA\"><\/span><strong>National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Polity and Governance\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-8\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Executive Chairperson of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA) has been nominated by the President, with the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court, Justice Sanjiv Khanna, selected for the position.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_National_Legal_Services_Authority_NALSA\"><\/span><strong>About the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction-3\"><\/span><strong>Introduction<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>NALSA, established under the Legal Services Authorities Act, of 1987, is dedicated to offering free legal services to the marginalized sections of society and facilitating Lok Adalats for amicable dispute resolution.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Primary_Objective\"><\/span><strong>Primary Objective<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The paramount goal of NALSA is the expeditious disposal of cases to alleviate the burden on the judiciary.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Leadership\"><\/span><strong>Leadership<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Chief Justice of India serves as the patron-in-chief of NALSA.\u00a0<\/li><li>The second senior-most judge of the Supreme Court of India assumes the role of the Executive Chairman.\u00a0<\/li><li>NALSA is headquartered at the Supreme Court of India in New Delhi.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organizational_Structure\"><\/span><strong>Organizational Structure<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In each State, a State Legal Services Authority exists.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In every High Court, a High Court Legal Services Committee is constituted.&nbsp;<\/li><li>District Legal Services Authorities and Taluk Legal Services Committees are established at the district and taluk levels, aligning with NALSA&#8217;s policies and directions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Literacy_Programs\"><\/span><strong>Legal Literacy Programs<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>NALSA, through State Legal Services Authorities, conducts legal literacy programs to enhance legal awareness.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Free_Legal_Services\"><\/span><strong>Free Legal Services<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The spectrum of free legal services includes:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Payment of court fees and related charges in legal proceedings.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Provision of legal representation in court.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Obtaining certified&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>copies of orders and documents.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Preparation of appeals and related documents in legal proceedings.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eligibility_for_Free_Legal_Services\"><\/span><strong>Eligibility for Free Legal Services<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Women and children\u00a0<\/li><li>SC\/ST members\u00a0<\/li><li>Industrial workmen\u00a0<\/li><li>Victims of mass disasters, violence, natural calamities, and industrial disasters.\u00a0<\/li><li>Disabled individuals\u00a0<\/li><li>Persons in custody\u00a0<\/li><li>Those with an annual income not exceeding Rs. 1 lakh (Rs. 5,00,000 for the Supreme Court Legal Services Committee).\u00a0<\/li><li>Victims of human trafficking or begging.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Constitutional_Provisions\"><\/span><strong>Constitutional Provisions<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Article 39A emphasizes free legal aid for the economically weaker sections.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Articles 14 and 22(1) obligate the State to ensure equality and justice.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Facts_about_Lok_Adalats\"><\/span><strong>Key Facts about Lok Adalats<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An alternative dispute resolution mechanism.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Settles or compromises disputes pending in court or at the pre-litigation stage.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Conducted by NALSA and other legal services institutions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Holds statutory status under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Appeal_and_Fees\"><\/span><strong>Appeal and Fees<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Lok Adalat&#8217;s decision is deemed a decree, final and binding.\u00a0<\/li><li>No appeal lies against the Lok Adalat&#8217;s award.\u00a0<\/li><li>No court fee is payable for matters filed in Lok Adalats.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nature_of_Cases_for_Lok_Adalats\"><\/span><strong>Nature of Cases for Lok Adalats<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Any pending case before any court.\u00a0<\/li><li>Disputes not presented before any court but likely for future litigation.\u00a0<\/li><li>Matters related to non-compoundable offenses are not settled in Lok Adalats.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tribuneindia.com\/news\/india\/justice-sanjiv-khanna-appointed-national-legal-services-authority-executive-chairperson-575901#top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TI<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wangs_Garden_Lizard\"><\/span><strong>Wang\u2019s Garden Lizard<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Science and Tech.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-9\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>China has recently identified a new reptile species, naming it Wang&#8217;s Garden Lizard.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-85.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20599 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-85.jpeg 960w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/image-85-585x439.jpeg 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 960px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 960\/720;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Wangs_Garden_Lizard\"><\/span><strong>About Wang\u2019s Garden Lizard<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Species_Identification\"><\/span><strong>Species Identification<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wang&#8217;s Garden Lizard is a newly identified species of iguana.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Scientific Name: Calotes wangi&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution\"><\/span><strong>Distribution<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Found in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests and tropical monsoon forests in southern China and northern Vietnam.\u00a0<\/li><li>Primarily located in mountainous areas, hills, plains on forest edges, arable land, shrublands, and urban green belts.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conservation_Status\"><\/span><strong>Conservation Status<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Currently not considered threatened, but certain areas face habitat fragmentation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distinctive_Features\"><\/span><strong>Distinctive Features<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Measures less than 9 cm in length.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Notable feature includes an orange tongue.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Active at the forest edge, demonstrating a tendency to rush into bushes or climb tree trunks when endangered.&nbsp;<\/li><li>During the night, it rests on sloping shrub branches, sleeping close to the branches.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diet_and_Activity\"><\/span><strong>Diet and Activity<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Consumes a diverse range of insects, spiders, and other arthropods.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Active from April to October annually, extending to March to November or longer in tropical regions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cultural_Significance\"><\/span><strong>Cultural Significance<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Apart from their ecological role, their bodies are utilized for medicinal purposes, and the lizards are also consumed as food.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sci.news\/biology\/calotes-wangi-12570.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>SN<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eurasian_Otter\"><\/span><strong>Eurasian Otter<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment and Ecology\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_News-10\"><\/span><strong>In News:<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>In a noteworthy discovery, a team of researchers recently identified the presence of a Eurasian otter in the Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary in Idukki, marking the first recorded instance in Kerala.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"blob:https:\/\/edukemy.com\/11082f36-4815-4857-9e04-c90e44c7840f\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_Eurasian_Otter\"><\/span><strong>About the Eurasian Otter<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Species_Classification\"><\/span><strong>Species Classification<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Eurasian Otter is a semi-aquatic carnivorous mammal native to Eurasia.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Scientific Name: Lutra lutra&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geographical_Distribution\"><\/span><strong>Geographical Distribution<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Among Palearctic mammals, it boasts one of the broadest distributions, ranging from Ireland to China and extending south to Southeast Asia.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Populations are found throughout Europe, North Africa, and Asia.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In India, it is present in northern, northeastern, and southern regions.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Habitat_Variety\"><\/span><strong>Habitat Variety<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Inhabits diverse environments such as streams, rivers, lakes, freshwater and peat swamp forests, ocean shores, rice fields, fjords, caves, and terrestrial habitats near waterways.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In the Indian subcontinent, it thrives in cold hills and mountain streams.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_Features\"><\/span><strong>Physical Features<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Possesses a lengthy body with a thick tail and short legs.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Exhibits a brown upper coat and cream-colored underbelly.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Sensitive whiskers around the snout aid in prey detection.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Dual layers of fur include a dense, waterproof outer coat and a warm inner layer.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Displays acute senses of sight, smell, and hearing.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Primarily an elusive, solitary otter, but occasional sightings of family groups, comprising a mother and her offspring, occur.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diet_Diversity\"><\/span><strong>Diet Diversity<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Maintains a varied diet encompassing fish, crustaceans, amphibians, and occasionally reptiles, birds, eggs, insects, and worms.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conservation_Status-2\"><\/span><strong>Conservation Status<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>IUCN Status: Near Threatened&nbsp;<\/li><li>Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule II&nbsp;<\/li><li>CITES Listing: Appendix I&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/kerala\/eurasian-otter-discovered-for-the-first-time-from-kerala\/article67680251.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Study_of_the_Day_%E2%80%93_%E2%80%9CSikkim_man_keeps_12406_ft_lake_litter-free_for_over_a_decade%E2%80%9D\"><\/span>Case Study of the Day &#8211; &#8220;Sikkim man keeps 12,406 ft. lake litter-free for over a decade.&#8221;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sangay Lama, a resident of Thegu village in Sikkim, has dedicated over a decade to maintaining the cleanliness of Tsomgo Lake and its environs. In 2008, at the age of 37, he established the Tsomgo Pokhri Sanrakshan Samiti, a lake conservation committee comprising representatives from various entities such as the state forest department, the World Wide Fund, environment, and wildlife management officials, a drivers\u2019 association, shop owners\u2019 association, and gram panchayats, to preserve this oval-shaped water body, also known as Changu. Situated at an altitude of 12,406 feet, approximately 40 km from Gangtok and 16 km from the Nathu La pass connecting Sikkim to China&#8217;s Tibet Autonomous Region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lama explained, &#8220;All waste generated in the vicinity is gathered in designated bins and segregated at the source. Waste collection trucks operate twice daily, at 8 am and 4 pm, catering to the 52 shops selling food items, handicrafts, and other goods, each contributing around 4 kilos of dry waste and 2 kilos of wet waste. The collected waste is then disposed of at the 32, Martam Dumping and Recovery Centre.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Daily current affairs refer to the most recent and relevant events, developments, and news stories that are happening around the world on a day-to-day basis. These can encompass a wide range of topics, including politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Staying updated with daily current affairs is crucial because it helps individuals make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives. It enables people to understand the world around them, stay aware of significant events, and engage in informed discussions about important issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\"><\/span>Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: There are various sources for daily current affairs, including newspapers, news websites, television news broadcasts, radio programs, and dedicated apps or newsletters. Social media platforms are also widely used to share and access current affairs information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\"><\/span>Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: To incorporate daily current affairs into your routine, consider setting aside specific times each day to read or watch news updates. You can also subscribe to newsletters or follow news apps to receive curated content. Engaging in discussions with peers or participating in online forums can further enhance your understanding of current events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: When analyzing daily current affairs, it&#8217;s essential to cross-reference information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy. Additionally, consider the source&#8217;s credibility and bias, if any. Develop the ability to identify the main points and implications of news stories, and critically evaluate the significance and impact of the events reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":20594,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[160,161,232,140],"class_list":["post-20590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs-upsc","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20590","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20590"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20590\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20600,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20590\/revisions\/20600"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20594"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20590"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20590"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20590"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}