{"id":21353,"date":"2024-01-06T08:53:56","date_gmt":"2024-01-06T08:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=21353"},"modified":"2024-01-29T06:54:52","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T06:54:52","slug":"describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/","title":{"rendered":"Describe various measures taken in India for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before and after signing \u2018Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030)\u2019. How is this framework different from the \u2018Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005\u2019? (250 Words 15 Marks)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-gs-advance-and-mentorship-program-ampcsat?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Advanced\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>India has been at the forefront of disaster risk reduction (DRR), implementing a myriad of measures both before and after endorsing the &#8216;Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030).&#8217; Before the adoption of this international accord, India had already established a comprehensive disaster management framework, encompassing policies, institutions, and community-based initiatives. Post the Sendai Framework, India has intensified its efforts to address disaster risks by enhancing resilience and reducing vulnerabilities. The framework emphasizes understanding and managing disaster risk, investing in risk reduction, and building resilience through various sectors such as health, education, and urban planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Sendai Framework for DRR, which succeeded the &#8216;Hyogo Framework for Action, 2005,&#8217; marks a significant shift in approach. While the Hyogo Framework focused primarily on reducing the loss of lives and livelihoods, the Sendai Framework takes a broader perspective by aiming to reduce the damage to critical infrastructure and disruptions to basic services. It emphasizes the importance of understanding disaster risk holistically, integrating risk reduction into development policies, and engaging all stakeholders, including local communities and the private sector. The Sendai Framework&#8217;s temporal scope, spanning from 2015 to 2030, also reflects a long-term commitment to sustained efforts in disaster risk reduction, recognizing the evolving nature of risks in a changing world. In essence, India&#8217;s measures before and after the adoption of the Sendai Framework underscore a proactive stance in addressing disaster risks, aligning with the global community&#8217;s collective vision for a more resilient and sustainable future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>Disaster and disaster management.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d4e7be8da37\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d4e7be8da37\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#Decoding_the_Question\" title=\"Decoding the Question: &nbsp;&nbsp;\">Decoding the Question: &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer: &nbsp;&nbsp;\">Answer: &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#Measures_taken_by_India_Pre-Sendai_Framework\" title=\"Measures taken by India Pre-Sendai Framework:&nbsp;\">Measures taken by India Pre-Sendai Framework:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#More_targeted_and_effective_with_Sendai_Framework\" title=\"More targeted and effective with Sendai Framework:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">More targeted and effective with Sendai Framework:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#Differences_between_Sendai_and_Hyogo_Frameworks_include\" title=\"Differences between Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks include:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Differences between Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks include:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#Some_major_departures_in_the_Sendai_Framework\" title=\"Some major departures in the Sendai Framework:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Some major departures in the Sendai Framework:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/describe-various-measures-taken-in-india-for-disaster-risk-reduction-drr-before-and-after-signing-sendai-framework-for-drr-2015-2030-how-is-this-framework-different-from-the\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_Question\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the Question: <\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>In the <\/strong>Introduction, define Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In Body,&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Discuss various measures taken for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) before signing of Sendai framework.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Discuss steps taken for DRR after signing up of the Sendai framework.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Discuss how the Sendai framework is different from the Hyogo framework.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Conclude the <strong>answer optimistically with some suggestions.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span><strong>Answer: <\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Disaster leads to sudden disruption of normal life, causing severe damage to life and property. Its origin can be natural or man-made. India due to its geography and scarce resources is more prone to disasters.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) is the strategy to minimise the risk from disasters. <\/em><\/strong>It aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, droughts, and cyclones, through an ethic of prevention. Disaster leads to sudden disruption of normal life, causing severe damage to life and property.\u202fDisaster can be manmade or natural.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/mw1YsE2OKobgL0XhfpJT2N6GvfKC3oNltbso53NYnZW_w-_enWmvhMelvO4TjApDtzwBfzHR-kz-nx5nx7fmmTmoLYN2X8Wx16-2kmX_Jg8P0E87blAbhKpRA4dkLicza-Cl9ptQR8lxOZv1rarLamo\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Measures_taken_by_India_Pre-Sendai_Framework\"><\/span><strong>Measures taken by India Pre-Sendai Framework:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The Disaster Management Act <\/strong>was enacted in 2005, which ushered in a paradigm shift from a relief-centric approach to a more proactive regime that laid greater emphasis on preparedness, prevention and mitigation.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The National Policy on Disaster Management (NPDM) <\/strong>has been prepared in pursuance of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, which laid the framework\/roadmap for holistically handling disasters.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"More_targeted_and_effective_with_Sendai_Framework\"><\/span><strong>More targeted and effective with Sendai Framework:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2016 India released the country&#8217;s first ever <strong>National Disaster Management Plan (NDMP)<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>This is a document based on a global blueprint for reducing disaster risk. \u202fIt will cover all phases of disaster management, from prevention and mitigation to response and recovery.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This new plan is based on the four priority areas of Sendai Framework DRR namely:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Understanding disaster risk&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Disaster risk governance&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Investing in disaster resilient infrastructure.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response. This response is to \u201cBuild Back Better\u201d better rehabilitation and reconstruction.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>The NDMP has a regional approach which will not only be helpful for disaster management but for disaster planning.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The NDMP can be implemented in a scalable manner in all phases of disaster management.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The National Disaster Management Plan identified various activities such as early warning, information dissemination, fuel, search and rescue, medical care, transportation, and evacuation etc. for all those agencies responding to disasters.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differences_between_Sendai_and_Hyogo_Frameworks_include\"><\/span><strong>Differences between Sendai and Hyogo Frameworks include:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Areas<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Sendai Framework<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Hyogo Framework<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Timeframe<\/td><td>Timeframe spanning 15 years from 2015 to 2030.&nbsp;<\/td><td>Implemented over a decade, from 1990 to 1999.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Outcome&nbsp;<\/td><td>Outcome of the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai, Japan.<\/td><td>Outcome of the United Nations General Assembly in 1989, following a proposal by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Principles<\/td><td>4 Principlesunderstanding disaster risk, strengthening disaster risk governance, investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience, and enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and recovery.<\/td><td>Focused on enhancing international cooperation, raising public awareness, and promoting research and development in disaster risk reduction.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sustainable Development<\/td><td>closely aligned with the 2030 Agenda&nbsp;<\/td><td>Acknowledged the importance of disaster risk reduction for sustainable development, it did not have the same level of integration with broader Sustainable Development Goals.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inclusivity<\/td><td>Encourages the active involvement of all stakeholders, including governments, local communities, NGOs, and private sectors<\/td><td>Emphasised international cooperation, it did not explicitly highlight the involvement of diverse stakeholders<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Some_major_departures_in_the_Sendai_Framework\"><\/span><strong>Some major departures in the Sendai Framework:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Outcome based targets <\/strong>&#8211; For the first time the goals are defined in terms of outcome-based targets instead of focusing on sets of activities and actions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Primary role of state<\/strong> &#8211; It places governments at the centre of disaster risk reduction with the framework emphasizing the need to strengthen the disaster risk governance.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Equal importance to disasters<\/strong> &#8211; It places almost equal importance on all kinds of disasters and not only on those arising from natural hazards.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Environment aspects<\/strong> &#8211; In addition to social vulnerability, it pays considerable attention to environmental aspects.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Traditionally India has been<strong><em> vulnerable for disasters on account of its unique geo-climatic conditions. <\/em><\/strong>Disaster events such as floods, earthquake, landslide, urban floods, and cyclones etc. are recurrent phenomena. The changing climate adds more force to floods, flash floods, cyclones etc. which become a great threat for people. In this scenario, the Government adopted <strong><em>Sendai Framework <\/em><\/strong>and drafted nation and local level plans is a welcome step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>India has been at the forefront of disaster risk reduction (DRR), implementing a myriad of measures both before and after endorsing the &#8216;Sendai Framework for DRR (2015-2030).&#8217;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1524],"tags":[1307,177,142,232,145,140],"class_list":["post-21353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-mains-solved-paper-gs-3","tag-disaster-risk-reduction","tag-general-studies-3","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-mains-question-paper","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21353"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21353\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24003,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21353\/revisions\/24003"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21353"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}