{"id":21478,"date":"2024-01-10T07:09:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T07:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=21478"},"modified":"2024-03-19T09:58:31","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T09:58:31","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Geography &#8211; Rocks"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-geography?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Geography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Earth&#8217;s crust is primarily composed of rocks, which are aggregates of one or more minerals. These rocks undergo transformations leading to three general classes: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69feae436a980\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69feae436a980\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Rocks\" title=\"Rocks:\">Rocks:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Important_Minerals_for_Rock_Formation\" title=\"Important Minerals for Rock Formation:\">Important Minerals for Rock Formation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Types_of_Rocks\" title=\"Types of Rocks:\">Types of Rocks:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Igneous_Rocks\" title=\"Igneous Rocks:\">Igneous Rocks:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Igneous_Rocks_Based_on_Texture\" title=\"Igneous Rocks Based on Texture:\">Igneous Rocks Based on Texture:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Igneous_Rocks_Based_on_Occurrence\" title=\"Igneous Rocks Based on Occurrence:\">Igneous Rocks Based on Occurrence:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Igneous_Rocks_Based_on_Chemical_Composition\" title=\"Igneous Rocks Based on Chemical Composition:\">Igneous Rocks Based on Chemical Composition:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Economic_Significance_of_Igneous_Rocks\" title=\"Economic Significance of Igneous Rocks:\">Economic Significance of Igneous Rocks:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Sedimentary_Rocks\" title=\"Sedimentary Rocks:\">Sedimentary Rocks:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Stages_in_the_Formation_of_Sedimentary_Rocks\" title=\"Stages in the Formation of Sedimentary Rocks:\">Stages in the Formation of Sedimentary Rocks:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Sedimentary_Rocks_Based_on_Mode_of_Formation\" title=\"Sedimentary Rocks Based on Mode of Formation:\">Sedimentary Rocks Based on Mode of Formation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Economic_Significance_of_Sedimentary_Rocks\" title=\"Economic Significance of Sedimentary Rocks:\">Economic Significance of Sedimentary Rocks:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Metamorphic_Rocks\" title=\"Metamorphic Rocks:\">Metamorphic Rocks:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Metamorphism\" title=\"Metamorphism\">Metamorphism<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Nature_of_Agents_in_Metamorphism\" title=\"Nature of Agents in Metamorphism:\">Nature of Agents in Metamorphism:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Place_or_Area_in_Metamorphism\" title=\"Place or Area in Metamorphism:\">Place or Area in Metamorphism:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Economic_Significance_of_Metamorphic_Rocks\" title=\"Economic Significance of Metamorphic Rocks:\">Economic Significance of Metamorphic Rocks:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Causes_of_Metamorphism\" title=\"Causes of Metamorphism:\">Causes of Metamorphism:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Foliation\" title=\"Foliation:\">Foliation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Rock_Cycle\" title=\"Rock Cycle:\">Rock Cycle:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Prelims_Facts\" title=\"Prelims Facts\">Prelims Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#1_The_rocks_formed_by_the_condensation_of_liquid_substances_of_the_Earth_are_called\" title=\"1. The rocks formed by the condensation of liquid substances of the Earth are called\">1. The rocks formed by the condensation of liquid substances of the Earth are called<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#2_Sandstone_is_an_example_of\" title=\"2. Sandstone is an example of\">2. Sandstone is an example of<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#3_Which_of_the_following_is_a_plutonic_rock\" title=\"3. Which of the following is a plutonic rock?\">3. Which of the following is a plutonic rock?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#4_Which_type_of_rocks_may_contain_fossils_Nagaland_PSC_Pre_2016\" title=\"4. Which type of rocks may contain fossils? Nagaland PSC (Pre) 2016\">4. Which type of rocks may contain fossils? Nagaland PSC (Pre) 2016<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#5_Which_of_the_following_is_not_an_example_of_metamorphic_rock_UKPSC_Pre_2022\" title=\"5. Which of the following is not an example of metamorphic rock? UKPSC (Pre) 2022\">5. Which of the following is not an example of metamorphic rock? UKPSC (Pre) 2022<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#6_Which_one_among_the_following_is_a_mechanically_formed_sedimentary_rocks\" title=\"6. Which one among the following is a mechanically formed sedimentary rocks?\">6. Which one among the following is a mechanically formed sedimentary rocks?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#7_Which_of_the_following_rocks_contains_coal_and_petroleum_MPPSC_Pre_2022\" title=\"7. Which of the following rocks contains coal and petroleum? MPPSC (Pre) 2022\">7. Which of the following rocks contains coal and petroleum? MPPSC (Pre) 2022<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#8_A_large_body_of_material_that_cools_in_the_deeper_depth_of_the_Earths_crust_and_develops_in_the_forms_of_large_domes_is_known_as\" title=\"8. A large body of material that cools in the deeper depth of the Earth&#8217;s crust and develops in the forms of large domes is known as\">8. A large body of material that cools in the deeper depth of the Earth&#8217;s crust and develops in the forms of large domes is known as<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#9_There_are_three_types_of_rocks_formations_such_as_igneous_sedimentary_and_metamorphic_In_which_rocks_formations_are_metallic_minerals_generally_found_MPSC_Pre_2013\" title=\"9. There are three types of rocks formations such as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. In which rocks formations are metallic minerals generally found? MPSC (Pre) 2013\">9. There are three types of rocks formations such as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. In which rocks formations are metallic minerals generally found? MPSC (Pre) 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#10_Observe_the_following_statements\" title=\"10. Observe the following statements.\">10. Observe the following statements.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#11_Which_of_the_following_statements_isare_correct\" title=\"11. Which of the following statements) is\/are correct?\">11. Which of the following statements) is\/are correct?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#12_Consider_the_following_statements_about_rocks\" title=\"12. Consider the following statements about rocks.\">12. Consider the following statements about rocks.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#13_Which_of_the_following_statements_isare_correct\" title=\"13. Which of the following statements) is\/are correct?\">13. Which of the following statements) is\/are correct?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#14_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_incorrect_MPPSC_Pre_2015\" title=\"14. Which of the following statements is incorrect? MPPSC (Pre) 2015\">14. Which of the following statements is incorrect? MPPSC (Pre) 2015<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#15_Consider_the_following_statements_about_the_igneous_rocks_UPPSC_Pre_2014\" title=\"15. Consider the following statements about the igneous rocks. UPPSC (Pre) 2014\">15. Consider the following statements about the igneous rocks. UPPSC (Pre) 2014<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#1_What_is_the_significance_of_studying_rocks_in_the_context_of_UPSC_preparation\" title=\"1. What is the significance of studying rocks in the context of UPSC preparation?\">1. What is the significance of studying rocks in the context of UPSC preparation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#2_How_do_igneous_sedimentary_and_metamorphic_rocks_differ_and_why_is_this_classification_important\" title=\"2. How do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks differ, and why is this classification important?\">2. How do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks differ, and why is this classification important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#3_How_do_rocks_contribute_to_the_economy_and_what_role_does_geography_play_in_their_utilization\" title=\"3. How do rocks contribute to the economy, and what role does geography play in their utilization?\">3. How do rocks contribute to the economy, and what role does geography play in their utilization?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-rocks\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rocks\"><\/span>Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A rock is a naturally occurring solid mass or crystals formed from various minerals. The study of rocks encompasses various sub-disciplines of geology, including <strong>petrology<\/strong> and <strong>mineralogy.<\/strong><\/li><li>Petrologists examine rocks comprehensively, considering aspects such as mineral composition, texture, structure, origin, occurrence, alteration, and relationships with other rocks.<\/li><li>Approximately 98% of the Earth&#8217;s crust comprises eight elements: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. The remaining portion consists of elements like hydrogen, phosphorus, manganese, sulfur, carbon, nickel, and other substances.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Minerals_for_Rock_Formation\"><\/span><strong>Important Minerals for Rock Formation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Silicate Mineral Group &#8211; Feldspar, quartz, and ferromagnesian<\/li><li>Carbonate Mineral Group &#8211; Calcite and dolomite<\/li><li>Sulphide Mineral Group &#8211; Pyrite, galena<\/li><li>Metallic Mineral Group &#8211; Hematite, bauxite, and iron<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Rocks\"><\/span>Types of Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Igneous Rocks<\/li><li>Sedimentary Rocks<\/li><li>Metamorphic Rocks<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Igneous_Rocks\"><\/span>Igneous Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Igneous rocks originate from magma and lava within the Earth&#8217;s interior, classified as primary rocks.<\/li><li>Formation occurs when magma cools and solidifies, either beneath the<strong> Earth&#8217;s crust, <\/strong>resulting in plutonic (intrusive) igneous rocks, or on the Earth&#8217;s surface, forming volcanic (extrusive) igneous rocks.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Examples include granite, gabbro, pegmatite, basalt, volcanic breccia, and tuff.<\/li><li>Igneous rocks are further categorized based on texture, occurrence, and chemical composition.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Igneous_Rocks_Based_on_Texture\"><\/span>Igneous Rocks Based on Texture:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Coarse Grained<\/strong>: Large mineral grains formed through slow cooling at great depths.<\/li><li><strong>Fine Grained: <\/strong>Small and smooth grains resulting from rapid surface cooling.<\/li><li>I<strong>ntermediate Grained<\/strong>: Intermediate grain sizes due to conditions between slow and rapid cooling.<\/li><li><strong>Porphyry: <\/strong>Formed through two stages of cooling, with large crystals (phenocrysts) embedded in a matrix of small crystals.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Igneous_Rocks_Based_on_Occurrence\"><\/span>Igneous Rocks Based on Occurrence:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Intrusive Igneous Rocks:<\/strong> Solidification of hot magma below the Earth&#8217;s surface produces rocks such as dunite, diorite, gabbro, and granite. Further classified into Plutonic Rocks (coarse-grained, deep-seated, e.g., granite) and Hypabyssal Rocks (occurring at shallow depths with various forms like batholith, laccolith, phacolith, lopolith, sill, and dyke).<\/li><li><strong>Extrusive Igneous Rocks:<\/strong> Rapid cooling and solidification of molten lavas at the Earth&#8217;s surface result in fine-grained crystals.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Igneous_Rocks_Based_on_Chemical_Composition\"><\/span>Igneous Rocks Based on Chemical Composition:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Felsic or Silica Rocks<\/strong>: Acidic with over 65% to 85% silica content, including granite and granodiorite.<\/li><li><strong>Mafic or Basic Rocks:<\/strong> Basic with 45% to 55% silica content, dominated by ferro-magnesium minerals, e.g., gabbro, basalt, dolerite.<\/li><li><strong>Ultrabasic or Ultramafic Rocks:<\/strong> Containing less than 45% silica content, with peridotite as a typical example.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Significance_of_Igneous_Rocks\"><\/span>Economic Significance of Igneous Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Examples like basalt, obsidian, and dacite have economic importance, contributing to the formation of black soil or regur soil through weathering.<\/li><li>Used in construction as building stones, facing stones on buildings, and decorative materials.<\/li><li>Basaltic materials are employed in road construction and contribute to the formation of fertile black soil, known as <strong>regur<\/strong>, in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sedimentary_Rocks\"><\/span>Sedimentary Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The term &#8220;sedimentary&#8221; is derived from the <strong>Latin <\/strong>word &#8220;sedimentum,&#8221; signifying settling.<\/li><li>Rocks on the Earth&#8217;s surface undergo erosion by denudational agents, breaking into various-sized fragments.<\/li><li>These fragments are transported by diverse exogenous agents and subsequently deposited.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Through compaction, these deposits transform into rocks in a process known as lithification.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Many sedimentary rocks retain distinct layers even after lithification, resulting in the presence of multiple layers in rocks like sandstone and shale.<\/li><li>Sedimentary rocks cover approximately 75% of the Earth&#8217;s crust but contribute only 5% to its formation. Fossils are commonly found in sedimentary rocks.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stages_in_the_Formation_of_Sedimentary_Rocks\"><\/span>Stages in the Formation of Sedimentary Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Weathering<\/strong> of any rock, whether igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic.<\/li><li><strong>Transportation involves<\/strong> the movement of sediment by agents such as rivers, glaciers, wind, waves, or groundwater.<\/li><li><strong>Deposition occurs<\/strong> in various environments like glacial, arid, deltaic, etc.<\/li><li><strong>Lithification<\/strong> converts sediments into sedimentary rocks.<\/li><li><strong>Cementation<\/strong> is the process by which various cementing minerals tightly bind the mass together.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sedimentary_Rocks_Based_on_Mode_of_Formation\"><\/span>Sedimentary Rocks Based on Mode of Formation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mechanically Formed Rocks:<\/strong> Fragments formed due to the mechanical or physical disintegration of previously formed rock, e.g., sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, shale, loess, etc.<\/li><li><strong>Organically Formed Rocks: <\/strong>Formed from organic sediments resulting from the disintegration or decomposition of plants and animals, e.g., geyserite, chalk, limestone, coal, etc.<\/li><li><strong>Chemically Formed Rocks:<\/strong> Formed when chemically active water interacts with country rocks, e.g., chert, limestone, halite, potash, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Significance_of_Sedimentary_Rocks\"><\/span>Economic Significance of Sedimentary Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sedimentary rocks are valuable for construction material, with limestone and coal being well-known examples of sedimentary rocks of organic origin.&nbsp;<\/li><li>While economically less mineral-rich, sedimentary rocks serve as sources for hematite iron ore, phosphates, various building stones, <strong>coal<\/strong>, and materials for making cement.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Petroleum,<\/strong> formed by the decay of marine organisms, is also found in the muds of sedimentary rocks, which also yield nutrient-rich soils.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metamorphic_Rocks\"><\/span>Metamorphic Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8220;Metamorphic&#8221; denotes a change of form. Metamorphic rocks form due to pressure, volume, and temperature changes.<\/li><li><strong>Metamorphism<\/strong> involves the recrystallization and reorganization of materials within already consolidated rocks.<\/li><li>These rocks are exceptionally hard and lack fossils. Metamorphism occurs when rocks are forced to lower levels through tectonic processes.<\/li><li>Examples of metamorphic rocks include gneissoid, granite, syenite, slate, schist, marble, quartzite, etc.<\/li><li>Metamorphic rocks formed through igneous rocks are termed<strong> meta-igneous or ortho-metamorphic rocks<\/strong>, such as gneiss from granite, amphibolite from basalt, and schist from basalt.<\/li><li>Metamorphic rocks formed by the further metamorphosis of metamorphic rocks are phyllite from slate, schist from phyllite, and serpentine from gabbro.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Metamorphism\"><\/span>Metamorphism<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Based on the Nature of Agents<ul><li>Thermal Metamorphism<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Based on Place or Area<ul><li>Contact Metamorphism<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Hydro Metamorphism<ul><li>Dynamic Metamorphism<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Based on the Nature of Agents<ul><li>Regional Metamorphism<\/li><li>Hydro-Thermal<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nature_of_Agents_in_Metamorphism\"><\/span>Nature of Agents in Metamorphism:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Thermal Metamorphism:<\/strong> In this type of metamorphism, the materials of rocks undergo chemical alteration and recrystallization due to heat.<\/li><li><strong>Dynamic Metamorphism:<\/strong> Dynamic metamorphism involves mechanical disruption and reorganization of the original minerals within rocks. This occurs through breaking and crushing without any significant chemical changes.<\/li><li><strong>Hydro Metamorphism: <\/strong>Alterations in the composition of rocks due to hydrological factors define hydro metamorphism. It includes pressure exerted on underlying rocks by the storage of an immense volume of water in large reservoirs, known as hydrostatic metamorphism.<\/li><li><strong>Hydro-Thermal Metamorphism: <\/strong>Minor changes in the physical and chemical composition of rocks occur due to the weight and pressure of water mass, as well as chemically active hot gases and water vapor.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Place_or_Area_in_Metamorphism\"><\/span>Place or Area in Metamorphism:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Contact Metamorphism<\/strong>: This type involves rocks coming into contact with hot intruding magma and lava. The rock materials recrystallize under high temperatures, and new materials often form from magma or lava.<\/li><li><strong>Regional Metamorphism:<\/strong> In regional metamorphism, rocks undergo recrystallization due to deformation caused by temperature, pressure, or both. During this process, some rock grains or minerals may arrange themselves in layers or lines.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Significance_of_Metamorphic_Rocks\"><\/span>Economic Significance of Metamorphic Rocks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Gneiss:<\/strong> Widely used as a building stone and in statues in the regions where it occurs.<\/li><li><strong>Coal: <\/strong>Transforms into anthracite and graphite, containing over 90% carbon.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes_of_Metamorphism\"><\/span>Causes of Metamorphism:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Orogenic (Mountain Building) Movements: <\/strong>These movements involve interplay of folding, warping, and high temperature, giving existing rocks a new appearance.<\/li><li><strong>Lava Inflow:<\/strong> Molten magmatic material in the Earth&#8217;s crust influences surrounding rocks under intense temperature and pressure, causing changes.<\/li><li><strong>Geodynamic Forces: <\/strong>The omnipresent geodynamic forces, such as plate tectonics, also play a crucial role in metamorphism.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Rock<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Name of the Metamorphic Rocks<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shale<\/td><td>Slate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Limestone<\/td><td>Marble<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dolomite<\/td><td>Marble<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sandstone<\/td><td>Quartzite<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Quartzite<\/td><td>Quartzite<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Slate<\/td><td>Slate<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Granite<\/td><td>Gneiss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gneiss<\/td><td>Gneiss<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Schist\/Phyllite<\/td><td>Schist<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Phyllite<\/td><td>Schist<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Schist<\/td><td>Schist<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Foliation\"><\/span>Foliation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Foliation, also known as lineation, refers to the parallel arrangement of minerals or grains in metamorphic rocks.<\/li><li>It involves the organization of minerals from different groups into alternating thin to thick layers, giving the rock a distinctive appearance with light and dark shades.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The presence of banding characterizes this structure, and rocks exhibiting banding are referred to as banded rocks.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The types of metamorphic rocks are determined by the original rocks that underwent metamorphism.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rock_Cycle\"><\/span>Rock Cycle:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Continuous Transformation: <\/strong>The rock cycle is a continuous and dynamic process in which old rocks transform to become new ones.<\/li><li>Primary Role of Igneous Rocks: Igneous rocks, as primary rocks, play a foundational role in the rock cycle, serving as the starting point for the formation of other rock types.<\/li><li>Transformation Potential: Igneous rocks can change to become metamorphic rocks.<\/li><li><strong>Formation of Sedimentary Rocks: <\/strong>Fragments derived from both igneous and metamorphic rocks come together to form sedimentary rocks.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/-AVshJ3nwLyyliYNFt6JtigkbT_yS2eVb2qdubfSLPNXRhsQfXwUKCZzHy8HwjXVQ_Fu-d5Xm-qBJ2QzTeee9wqK2l-kSF3m37VnpX4csyAA1y-Zrd2gCOHhE8XYctq1dolvn5K46fCP--L8RBIUrpA\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sedimentary rocks<\/strong> themselves can turn into fragments and the fragments can be a source for the formation of sedimentary rocks.<\/li><li>The crustal rocks such as igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary once formed may be carried down into the mantle through the subduction process.<\/li><li>The same meltdown due to an increase in temperature in the interior and turns into molten magma i.e., the source for igneous rocks<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_Facts\"><\/span>Prelims Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Which type of rock is known as Primary rock? &#8211; Igneous rock [<strong><em>BPSC (Pre) 2011, UPPSC (Pre) 2017)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which type of rock contains coal and petroleum? Sedimentary IMPPSC (Pre) 2022]<\/li><li>The rocks found in the Himalayan system are mainly- Sedimentary<strong><em> [JPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>In which rock formation are metallic minerals generally found? Igneous rock and Metamorphic rock<strong><em>[MPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The percentage of sand is high in which type of rocks? -Arenaceous rocks <strong><em>(MPSC (Mains) 2015]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Sandstone is Flaky rock, because -It is formed underwater <strong><em>(MPPSC (Pre) 1993]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The rocks formed deep inside the Earth as a result of the freezing of lava are called Plutonic rocks<strong><em> [CGPSC (Pre) 2011<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Breaking down of rock in situ is known as Weathering <strong><em>[UPPSC (Pre) 2016<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Sandston is an example of Sedimentary rocks <strong><em>(UPPSC (Pre) 2014<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Rocks formed due to alteration of original structure due to heat and excessive pressure are called &#8211; Metamorphic rocks<strong><em> (MPPSC (Pre) 2016<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which is a coarse grained igneous rocks that contains quartz and feldspar? Granite <strong><em>[BPSC (Pre) 2000<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which of the following rocks systems in India is the latest one? &#8211; Gondwana<strong><em> [CGPSC (Pre) 2016<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The origin of Metamorphic rocks occurs from Both Igneous and Sedimentary rock <strong><em>[JKPSC (Pre) 2011<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_The_rocks_formed_by_the_condensation_of_liquid_substances_of_the_Earth_are_called\"><\/span>1. The rocks formed by the condensation of liquid substances of the Earth are called<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) sedimentary rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) metamorphic rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) igneous rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) None of the above<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Sandstone_is_an_example_of\"><\/span>2. Sandstone is an example of<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) non-foliated rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) sedimentary rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) igneous rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) metamorphic rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Which_of_the_following_is_a_plutonic_rock\"><\/span>3. Which of the following is a plutonic rock?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Granite<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Gneiss<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Gypsum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) None of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Which_type_of_rocks_may_contain_fossils_Nagaland_PSC_Pre_2016\"><\/span>4. Which type of rocks may contain fossils? Nagaland PSC (Pre) 2016<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Igneous<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Sedimentary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Hypabyssal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Metamorphic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Which_of_the_following_is_not_an_example_of_metamorphic_rock_UKPSC_Pre_2022\"><\/span>5. Which of the following is not an example of metamorphic rock? UKPSC (Pre) 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Quartzite<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Marble<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Gneiss<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Dolomite<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Which_one_among_the_following_is_a_mechanically_formed_sedimentary_rocks\"><\/span>6. Which one among the following is a mechanically formed sedimentary rocks?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Salt rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Limestone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Sandstone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Gypsum<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Which_of_the_following_rocks_contains_coal_and_petroleum_MPPSC_Pre_2022\"><\/span>7. Which of the following rocks contains coal and petroleum? MPPSC (Pre) 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Granite<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Igneous<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Metamorphic<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Sedimentary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_A_large_body_of_material_that_cools_in_the_deeper_depth_of_the_Earths_crust_and_develops_in_the_forms_of_large_domes_is_known_as\"><\/span>8. A large body of material that cools in the deeper depth of the Earth&#8217;s crust and develops in the forms of large domes is known as<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Batholiths<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Lacoliths<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Lopoliths<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Phacoliths<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_There_are_three_types_of_rocks_formations_such_as_igneous_sedimentary_and_metamorphic_In_which_rocks_formations_are_metallic_minerals_generally_found_MPSC_Pre_2013\"><\/span>9. There are three types of rocks formations such as igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic. In which rocks formations are metallic minerals generally found? MPSC (Pre) 2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) In igneous rocks only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Observe_the_following_statements\"><\/span>10. Observe the following statements.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Arenaceous rocks are the types of sedimentary rocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. The percentage of sand is high in arenaceous rocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statements) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only statement 1 is correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only statement 2 is correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Both the statements are correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Both the statements are incorrect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Which_of_the_following_statements_isare_correct\"><\/span>11. Which of the following statements) is\/are correct?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. The major constituent mineral of granite rocks is quartz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. The major constituent mineral of sandstone rocks is feldspar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. The major constituent mineral of limestone rocks is dolomite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer by using the codes given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2 and 3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 1 and 2&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Consider_the_following_statements_about_rocks\"><\/span>12. Consider the following statements about rocks.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Shale becomes slate through metamorphosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Shale is converted to slate when it is subjected to tremendous pressure and high temperature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statements) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Which_of_the_following_statements_isare_correct\"><\/span>13. Which of the following statements) is\/are correct?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Rocks do not remain in their original form for long and undergo transformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Transformation of rocks is caused by weathering, erosion and metamorphic action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_incorrect_MPPSC_Pre_2015\"><\/span>14. Which of the following statements is incorrect? MPPSC (Pre) 2015<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Calcium is converted into graphite due to the heat of lava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Anthracite is a type of metamorphic rocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Mineral oil deposits are found in the carbonaceous rocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Dyke rocks are made of lava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Consider_the_following_statements_about_the_igneous_rocks_UPPSC_Pre_2014\"><\/span>15. Consider the following statements about the igneous rocks. UPPSC (Pre) 2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Igneous rocks are normally crystalline in structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. They occur in strata and contains fossils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. These rocks have no silica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statements) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1 and 2&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(d) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 ( a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13( c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_the_significance_of_studying_rocks_in_the_context_of_UPSC_preparation\"><\/span>1. What is the significance of studying rocks in the context of UPSC preparation?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Understanding rocks is crucial for UPSC preparation as it forms the foundation of geography. Rocks play a pivotal role in shaping the Earth&#8217;s surface, and knowledge of their types, formations, and characteristics is essential for comprehending geological processes. This understanding aids in answering questions related to landforms, natural resources, and environmental changes, which are frequently tested in UPSC exams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_do_igneous_sedimentary_and_metamorphic_rocks_differ_and_why_is_this_classification_important\"><\/span>2. How do igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks differ, and why is this classification important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Igneous Rocks:<\/strong> Formed from molten magma, they include rocks like granite and basalt.<\/li><li><strong>Sedimentary Rocks:<\/strong> Result from the accumulation of sediments, such as limestone and sandstone.<\/li><li><strong>Metamorphic Rocks:<\/strong> Formed through the alteration of existing rocks due to heat and pressure, like marble and slate.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>This classification is vital as it helps in understanding the Earth&#8217;s history, tectonic processes, and the formation of various landscapes. UPSC often tests candidates on their ability to differentiate and relate these rock types to broader geological phenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_How_do_rocks_contribute_to_the_economy_and_what_role_does_geography_play_in_their_utilization\"><\/span>3. How do rocks contribute to the economy, and what role does geography play in their utilization?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Rocks are integral to the economy due to their role in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Construction:<\/strong> Rocks like granite and limestone are used in building materials.<\/li><li><strong>Mining:<\/strong> Valuable minerals extracted from rocks contribute to industries.<\/li><li><strong>Energy:<\/strong> Certain rocks, like coal, are crucial for energy production.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Earth&#8217;s crust is primarily composed of rocks, which are aggregates of one or more minerals. These rocks undergo transformations leading to three general classes: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21479,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1313],"tags":[1052,1333,232,140],"class_list":["post-21478","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-geography-notes","tag-ncert-notes","tag-rocks","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21478","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21478"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21478\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34783,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21478\/revisions\/34783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21479"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21478"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21478"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21478"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}