{"id":21491,"date":"2024-01-10T07:48:11","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T07:48:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=21491"},"modified":"2024-03-19T10:27:30","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T10:27:30","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Geography &#8211; Topography or Landforms"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-geography?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Geography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Topography involves the examination of the Earth&#8217;s land surface, encompassing features like craters, rivers, valleys, and mountains. In contemporary terms, topography primarily focuses on measuring and documenting elevation contours to generate a three-dimensional representation of the Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f2e97c0ea0f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69f2e97c0ea0f\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Introduction_to_Landforms\" title=\"Introduction to Landforms:\">Introduction to Landforms:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Cycle_of_Erosion\" title=\"Cycle of Erosion\">Cycle of Erosion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Classification_of_Landforms\" title=\"Classification of Landforms\">Classification of Landforms<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Landforms_Formed_by_Internal_Factors\" title=\"Landforms Formed by Internal Factors\">Landforms Formed by Internal Factors<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Formed_by_External_Factors\" title=\"Formed by External Factors\">Formed by External Factors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#By_Slow_Movement\" title=\"By Slow Movement\">By Slow Movement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#By_Sudden_Movement\" title=\"By Sudden Movement\">By Sudden Movement<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Landforms_Formed_by_External_Factors\" title=\"Landforms Formed by External Factors\">Landforms Formed by External Factors<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Landforms_Formed_by_Rivers\" title=\"Landforms Formed by Rivers\">Landforms Formed by Rivers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Erosional_Landforms_of_Rivers\" title=\"Erosional Landforms of Rivers\">Erosional Landforms of Rivers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Depositional_Landforms_of_Rivers\" title=\"Depositional Landforms of Rivers\">Depositional Landforms of Rivers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Ox-Bow_Lake\" title=\"Ox-Bow Lake:\">Ox-Bow Lake:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Landforms_Formed_by_Groundwater\" title=\"Landforms Formed by Groundwater:\">Landforms Formed by Groundwater:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Erosional_Landforms_of_Groundwater\" title=\"Erosional Landforms of Groundwater:\">Erosional Landforms of Groundwater:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Depositional_Landforms_of_Groundwater\" title=\"Depositional Landforms of Groundwater:\">Depositional Landforms of Groundwater:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Landforms_Formed_by_Glaciers\" title=\"Landforms Formed by Glaciers:\">Landforms Formed by Glaciers:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Erosional_Landforms_of_Glaciers\" title=\"Erosional Landforms of Glaciers:\">Erosional Landforms of Glaciers:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Depositional_Landforms_by_Glaciers\" title=\"Depositional Landforms by Glaciers\">Depositional Landforms by Glaciers<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Landforms_Formed_by_Aeolian_Processes_Wind_Action\" title=\"Landforms Formed by Aeolian Processes (Wind Action):\">Landforms Formed by Aeolian Processes (Wind Action):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Erosional_and_Depositional_Landforms\" title=\"Erosional and Depositional Landforms:\">Erosional and Depositional Landforms:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Landforms_Shaped_by_Sea_Waves\" title=\"Landforms Shaped by Sea Waves:\">Landforms Shaped by Sea Waves:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Sea_Wave-Crafted_Landforms\" title=\"Sea Wave-Crafted Landforms:\">Sea Wave-Crafted Landforms:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Types_of_Coastal_Landforms\" title=\"Types of Coastal Landforms:\">Types of Coastal Landforms:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Prelims_Facts\" title=\"Prelims Facts\">Prelims Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#1_When_some_forces_cause_two_rock_surfaces_to_come_together_causing_mechanical_wearing_or_grinding_of_their_surfaces_is_called\" title=\"1. When some forces cause two rock surfaces to come together, causing mechanical wearing or grinding of their surfaces is called\">1. When some forces cause two rock surfaces to come together, causing mechanical wearing or grinding of their surfaces is called<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#2_Arete_Cirque_Flood_planes_etc_are_the_landforms_associated_with_which_of_the_Following\" title=\"2. Arete, Cirque, Flood planes etc., are the landforms associated with which of the Following?\">2. Arete, Cirque, Flood planes etc., are the landforms associated with which of the Following?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#3_Which_of_the_following_is_responsible_for_%E2%80%98V-_shaped_valleys_gorges_and_waterfall_relief_features\" title=\"3. Which of the following is responsible for &#8216;V&#8217;- shaped valleys, gorges and waterfall relief features?\">3. Which of the following is responsible for &#8216;V&#8217;- shaped valleys, gorges and waterfall relief features?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#4_Arrange_the_following_features_formed_by_rivers_in_its_course_starting_from_upstream\" title=\"4. Arrange the following features formed by rivers in its course starting from upstream.\">4. Arrange the following features formed by rivers in its course starting from upstream.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#5_Stalactites_and_stalagmites_are_features_of\" title=\"5. Stalactites and stalagmites are features of\">5. Stalactites and stalagmites are features of<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#6_Which_of_the_following_landforms_is_formed_by_glaciers_MPPSC_Pre_2011\" title=\"6. Which of the following landforms is formed by glaciers? MPPSC (Pre) 2011\">6. Which of the following landforms is formed by glaciers? MPPSC (Pre) 2011<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#7_Glaciated_regions_are_associated_with\" title=\"7. Glaciated regions are associated with\">7. Glaciated regions are associated with<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#8_Match_List_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists\" title=\"8. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.\">8. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#9_Which_of_the_following_statements_are_concerned_with_eskers_and_drumlins\" title=\"9. Which of the following statements are concerned with eskers and drumlins?\">9. Which of the following statements are concerned with eskers and drumlins?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#10_Where_are_the_Yardangs_found_MPSC_Pre_2012\" title=\"10. Where are the Yardangs found? MPSC (Pre) 2012\">10. Where are the Yardangs found? MPSC (Pre) 2012<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#11_Which_among_the_following_pairs_are_correct\" title=\"11. Which among the following pairs are correct?\">11. Which among the following pairs are correct?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#12_Match_List_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists\" title=\"12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.\">12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#13_Which_of_the_following_pairs_are_correctly_matched_Region\" title=\"13. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? Region\">13. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? Region<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#14_Which_of_the_following_influence_formation_of_deltas\" title=\"14. Which of the following influence formation of deltas?\">14. Which of the following influence formation of deltas?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#15_Consider_the_following_statements\" title=\"15. Consider the following statements.\">15. Consider the following statements.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Q1_What_is_the_significance_of_studying_topography_or_landforms_in_the_context_of_UPSC_and_NCERT_Geography_notes\" title=\"Q1: What is the significance of studying topography or landforms in the context of UPSC and NCERT Geography notes?\">Q1: What is the significance of studying topography or landforms in the context of UPSC and NCERT Geography notes?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Q2_How_do_UPSC_NCERT_Geography_notes_cover_the_diverse_landforms_found_in_India\" title=\"Q2: How do UPSC NCERT Geography notes cover the diverse landforms found in India?\">Q2: How do UPSC NCERT Geography notes cover the diverse landforms found in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Q3_Can_studying_topography_through_UPSC_NCERT_Geography_notes_aid_in_answering_questions_related_to_current_affairs\" title=\"Q3: Can studying topography through UPSC NCERT Geography notes aid in answering questions related to current affairs?\">Q3: Can studying topography through UPSC NCERT Geography notes aid in answering questions related to current affairs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-topography-or-landforms\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_Landforms\"><\/span>Introduction to Landforms:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A landform refers to a feature on the<strong> Earth&#8217;s surface shaped by various geomorphic <\/strong>processes (endogenic and exogenic) and agents like rainfall, wind, glaciers, and waves.<\/li><li>Each landform possesses distinct physical characteristics, size, and nature. Over time, these landforms may change due to continuous geomorphic processes and agent activities.<\/li><li>The ocean basins and continents are <strong>termed landforms of the first order.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><li>Larger features on continents and ocean basins, such as mountains, plains, plateaus, continental shelves, continental slopes, and submarine ridges, fall under landforms of the second order.<\/li><li>Smaller landforms like a river valley, dune, or floodplain are classified as landforms of the third order.<\/li><li>Some landforms are categorized as tectonic, while others are volcanic. The topographical features exemplify the interplay between<strong> geological factors<\/strong> and external forces acting on the Earth.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cycle_of_Erosion\"><\/span>Cycle of Erosion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The theory of the evolution of landforms is known as the geomorphic cycle, sometimes known as the geographic cycle or cycle of erosion.<\/li><li>William M Davis first proposed this idea, which postulated that landforms underwent a series of stages, from youth to maturity to old age, with each stage characterized by particular traits.<\/li><li>Detachment, transport, and deposition are the three main phases of erosion. Raindrops impact the disintegration of soil aggregates after hydration, and the scouring action of surface runoff both can cause soil particles at the soil surface to separate from the bulk of the soil body.<\/li><li>During a runoff event, the movement of water and sediment, or detached soil particles, across the soil surface frequently exhibits discrete patterns that correspond to various forms of <strong>water erosion.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification_of_Landforms\"><\/span>Classification of Landforms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Classification of Landforms<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Topographies\/Landforms<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Formed by Internal Factors<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Formed by External Factors<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>By Slow Movement (Diastrophism)<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>By Sudden Movement<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>By River<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>By Groundwater<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>By Glaciers<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>By Aeolian or Wind<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>By Sea Waves<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><td>&#8211;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landforms_Formed_by_Internal_Factors\"><\/span>Landforms Formed by Internal Factors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formed_by_External_Factors\"><\/span>Formed by External Factors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Earth beneath our feet consists of three layers: the core, mantle, and crust. The crust and upper mantle collectively form the lithosphere.<\/li><li>The lithosphere is not a single piece but is broken into several plates known as tectonic plates.<\/li><li>These plates are in constant motion, leading to continuous changes. Major alterations in tectonic plates can result in the uplifting or sinking of the lithosphere.<\/li><li>Landforms formed by internal factors involve both slow and sudden movements.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"By_Slow_Movement\"><\/span>By Slow Movement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Diastrophic forces arise from the movement of solid material within the Earth&#8217;s crust. These forces encompass all processes that move, elevate, or build portions of the Earth&#8217;s crust, falling under the umbrella of diastrophism.<ul><li><strong>Orogenic<\/strong> processes involve mountain building through severe folding, affecting long and narrow belts of the Earth&#8217;s crust.<\/li><li><strong>Epeirogenic <\/strong>processes entail the uplift or warping of large parts of the Earth&#8217;s crust.<\/li><li><strong>Earthquakes<\/strong> involve local, relatively minor movements.<\/li><li><strong>Plate tectonics<\/strong> involve horizontal movements of crustal plates.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Slow movements can be classified as&nbsp;<ul><li>Vertical Movements, primarily associated with the formation of continents and plateaus, also known as Epeirogenic movements.<\/li><li>Horizontal Movements act on the Earth&#8217;s crust from side to side, causing orogenic movements, classified as forces of compression and forces of tension.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"By_Sudden_Movement\"><\/span>By Sudden Movement<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lithospheric plate boundaries are susceptible to sudden geomorphic movements.<\/li><li>Due to pressure caused by the pushing and pulling of magma in the mantle, plate boundaries become extremely unstable.<\/li><li>Some movements cause abrupt changes in the crust. Examples include earthquakes and volcanoes, generating significant deformation in a short period.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landforms_Formed_by_External_Factors\"><\/span>Landforms Formed by External Factors<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>External processes influencing landforms result from erosion or deposition.<\/li><li>These processes encompass weathering, wind action, surface and groundwater, and sea ice.<\/li><li>Forces acting on the Earth&#8217;s surface due to natural agents like running water, glaciers, wind, and waves are categorized as external processes of landforms.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landforms_Formed_by_Rivers\"><\/span>Landforms Formed by Rivers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The impact of running water, particularly rivers, is extensive and surpasses other agents of gradation. Rivers originate in elevated landforms such as mountains, hills, and plateaus, receiving water from various sources like rain, glaciers, springs, and lakes.<\/li><li>The primary functions of a river include erosion, transportation, and deposition.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Fluvial landforms are sculpted or built up by the continuous flow of water, comprising two components: <strong>sheet flow<\/strong> (overland flow as a sheet) and<strong> linear flow<\/strong> (overland flow as streams and rivers).<\/li><li>Different stages of landscape development result from the action of water:<ul><li><strong>Youth:<\/strong> Early stages dominated by down-cutting, with broad, flat streams, marshes, swamps, and lakes.<\/li><li><strong>Mature:<\/strong> Middle stages where streams cut their beds slower, and lateral erosion of valley sides intensifies.<\/li><li><strong>Old: <\/strong>Streams meander freely over vast floodplains, featuring natural levees, ox-bow lakes, etc. Divides remain broad and flat with lakes, swamps, and marshes.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erosional_Landforms_of_Rivers\"><\/span>Erosional Landforms of Rivers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Various erosional landforms include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V-shaped Valleys: <\/strong>Deepening of riverbeds due to intense erosion, resulting in distinctive V-shaped valleys.<\/li><li><strong>Gorge:<\/strong> A deep valley with steep to straight sides, formed in hard rocks.<\/li><li><strong>Canyon:<\/strong> Characterized by steep, step-like side slopes and wider at the top than the bottom, commonly forming in horizontal bedded sedimentary rocks.<\/li><li><strong>Waterfalls:<\/strong> Generally found in the upper course of rivers, formed due to erosion, especially in areas with a mix of soft and hard rocks.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Depositional_Landforms_of_Rivers\"><\/span>Depositional Landforms of Rivers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Depositional landforms include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Alluvial Fans: <\/strong>Formed when streams break into footslope plains, depositing cone-shaped alluvial fans.<\/li><li><strong>Delta:<\/strong> Deposits formed at the mouth of rivers, categorized into Arcuate, Bird&#8217;s Foot, Estuarine, and Cuspate Deltas.<\/li><li><strong>Flood Plains:<\/strong> Major landforms resulting from river deposition, with fine-sized materials deposited in slower-moving waters.<\/li><li><strong>Natural Levees: <\/strong>Low, linear ridges of coarse deposits along riverbanks, preventing breaches.<\/li><li>Meanders The river flowing through comparatively gentle slopes takes deviation when the sediments or rock forms obstruct the flow. The sinuous curves formed along the river course are called meanders. Meander is not a landform but only a type of channel pattern<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/ai0ammtJnxZktywUbHy7kw4NGp30AM2ZrOwma7WhpyKlRphYLwEMDaEbAl5aUZNygAwIffPFn0afjWXwqWvOyBII5ECH2WvxytQ44vTGgtt4DxrsWGoqChArCVt_wY_4qrjL6TT5BsteSQ6qFf5ffo8\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ox-Bow_Lake\"><\/span>Ox-Bow Lake:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An oxbow lake is typically a curved lake found in a plain, occupying an abandoned cut-off channel reach.<\/li><li>As meanders in rivers grow into deep loops, erosion at the inflection point may lead to the formation of oxbow lakes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landforms_Formed_by_Groundwater\"><\/span>Landforms Formed by Groundwater:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In rocks rich in calcium carbonate like limestones or dolomites, surface water and groundwater, through the chemical processes of solution and precipitation deposition, create various landforms.<\/li><li><strong>Karst topography<\/strong> is the term used to describe the typical landforms produced by groundwater action in limestone or dolomite regions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erosional_Landforms_of_Groundwater\"><\/span>Erosional Landforms of Groundwater:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sinkholes:<\/strong> Circular openings that are funnel-shaped towards the bottom.<\/li><li><strong>Doline:<\/strong> If the bottom of a sinkhole forms the roof of an underground void or cave, it might collapse, leaving a large hole known as a doline or collapse sink.<\/li><li><strong>Uvalas<\/strong>: Form when sinkholes and dolines join together, creating long, narrow to wide trenches.<\/li><li><strong>Lapies: <\/strong>Irregular limestone surfaces with pits, trenches, grooves, and ridges.<\/li><li><strong>Caves or Caverns:<\/strong> Caves are formed by the solution action of groundwater in horizontal bedding plains.<\/li><li>Caverns are underground caves with irregular floors, formed by various methods in limestone or chalk areas.<\/li><li><strong>Blind Valley:<\/strong> A deep, narrow river valley that abruptly ends in a depression or sinkhole.<\/li><li><strong>Hum: <\/strong>A conical residual limestone hill structure found in mature, deeply eroded karst topography.<\/li><li><strong>Terra Rossa:<\/strong> A reddish-brown residual soil formed due to water flow inside the land, dominated by iron oxide.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Depositional_Landforms_of_Groundwater\"><\/span>Depositional Landforms of Groundwater:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Stalactites:<\/strong> Icicle-shaped formations hanging from the ceiling of a cave with varying diameters, broad at their bases and tapering towards the free ends.<\/li><li><strong>Stalagmites: <\/strong>Stalagmites rise from the cave floor, forming due to water dripping from the surface or through the thin pipe of the stalactite immediately below it.<\/li><li>These formations can take the shape of columns, discs with a smooth, rounded bulging end, or a miniature crater-like depression.<\/li><li><strong>Pillars: S<\/strong>talagmites and stalactites eventually merge, giving rise to columns and pillars of varying diameters.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landforms_Formed_by_Glaciers\"><\/span>Landforms Formed by Glaciers:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Glaciers, masses of ice moving as sheets over the land or linear flows down mountain slopes in trough-like valleys, are driven by gravity.<\/li><li>Glacial erosion is substantial due to friction caused by the sheer weight of the ice.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erosional_Landforms_of_Glaciers\"><\/span>Erosional Landforms of Glaciers:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Cirque:<\/strong> Found at the heads of glacial valleys, cirques are deep troughs or basins with steep concave to vertically dropping high walls.<\/li><li>Cirque lakes, tarns, or corrie lakes form when water accumulates in cirques and glaciers disappear.<\/li><li><strong>Arete: <\/strong>A knife-edge ridge formed when two neighboring corries run back to back, separating two adjacent glaciers<\/li><li><strong>Nunatak: <\/strong>Summits or ridges of mountains surrounded by flowing glacial ice, with heights exceeding 1000 feet in Antarctica.<\/li><li><strong>Roche Moutonnee:<\/strong> A resistant residual rock hummock with a surface striated by ice movement. The upstream side is smoothed by abrasion, while the downstream side is roughened by plucking, found in both highland and lowland glaciated regions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Depositional_Landforms_by_Glaciers\"><\/span>Depositional Landforms by Glaciers<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Some of the depositional landforms by glaciers are as Drum ins Drumbir ae it with ed mound, largely composed of glacial drift with some mages of the grave and sued Te tons of drums<\/li><li>Facing the glacier is called tend coss it is blunter and steeper than the other end called tail.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/TqNFU5-7jEWT8aLnYelFKicFNtCwLbfGXphfz0D1Eq5AWVztw3LJ7WNRIxyu1vb0ZqLR55jrGmXNtBqY7LXAWfLI8n5kHHcM7ZUP3RGGl5hDSteVxO6Zbx6ImpnDwhEHfbrwfVN7P8rhgUXQfITQv_Q\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Eskers:<\/strong> Sinuous ridges of coarse gravel representing meltwater deposits flowing subglacially. Eskers can reach lengths of up to 100 km and heights of 100 m.<\/li><li><strong>Outwash Plain:<\/strong> A glacial plain deposited at or beyond the ice margin, typically forming fan-shaped, valley-bottom, or plain deposits.<\/li><li><strong>Moraines:<\/strong> Landforms directly deposited by a glacier or ice sheet. Moraines are often composed of partly stratified material.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landforms_Formed_by_Aeolian_Processes_Wind_Action\"><\/span>Landforms Formed by Aeolian Processes (Wind Action):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wind, a significant erosion and deposition agent, constantly transports dust, sand, and ash.<\/li><li>Responsible for forming expansive &#8216;seas of sand&#8217; in regions like Arabia, Sahara, Australia, Thar, Gobi, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Erosional_and_Depositional_Landforms\"><\/span>Erosional and Depositional Landforms:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Mushroom Rocks:<\/strong> Sandblasting by winds carves the surface of rocks, forming pillar-like structures known as rock pedestals. Further erosion at the base creates mushroom rocks in desert or arid areas.<\/li><li>Zeugen: Ridge and furrow landscapes resulting from mechanical weathering and abrasion by wind action. When soft rock layers are sandwiched between hard rock layers, wind erodes the soft rock faster, forming the characteristic zeugen structure.<\/li><li>Yardang When soft and hard rocks arranged vertically instead of horizontally like in Zeugen, unequal erosion makes a corridor-like structure separated by steep-sided over, having ridges of hard rocks are formed, called yardang. These are used by caravans in deserts and are commonly found in Atacama<strong> desert.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/J7SqhawkpiCxjS9NbsYl1kxysvoS5LJO_Vn-wUfiDlQQiHMVHx64XFo4r4ArUPXXzxBKsM7hY6jmmdgfwvhMjbv5VtmaVBUU6JPUyIbP4Xre2rYgwq58A2OaaMqhiEEaqOfJDlHbL11Wo1JAoloGxmA\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Inselberg:<\/strong> Isolated residual hills rising abruptly from level ground, composed of highly resistant granite rocks. Surrounding low-lying eroded areas are termed pediments or pediplains, shaped by wind erosion.<\/li><li><strong>Deflation Hollows<\/strong>: Erosional landforms created by wind action, where deflation hollows can lead to the formation of oases or swamps in desert regions.<\/li><li><strong>Playa:<\/strong> Shallow, circular lakes formed by deposition in the middle of desert basins, filled with rainwater and transforming into lakes. Saline playas may be known by various names such as salt flats, salt marshes, salars, salt pans, alkali flats, or salinas.<\/li><li>Pediment: A gently sloping surface resulting from erosion, often found in desert areas at the base of a mountain or as a plain without an associated mountain.<\/li><li>Dunes: Depositional landforms shaped by wind action, prevalent in Erg deserts. Dunes are deposited perpendicular (transverse) to the prevailing wind direction.<\/li><li>Transverse dunes: The dunes deposited perpendicular (transverse) to the prevailing wind direction<\/li><li>Star Dunes: Feature a high central peak extending three or more arms.<\/li><li>Barchan: Crescent-shaped dunes oriented transversely to the wind, with a convex and gentle windward side and a concave and steep leeward side.<\/li><li>Seifs: Longitudinal dunes forming parallel to the wind direction, characterized by a gentle windward slope and a steep leeward side. Commonly found in trade-wind deserts like the Sahara, Australian, Libyan, South African, and Thar deserts.<\/li><li>Loess: Fertile, yellowish-fine dust blown beyond the desert limits and deposited on neighboring lands. May form badland topography when streams cut deep valleys.<\/li><li>Dreikanter: Pebbles shaped by wind-blown sand, transforming into 3-facet stones known as ventifacts.<\/li><li>Stone Lattice: Net-like rock structures formed by wind erosion in deserts, where speedy winds erode soft parts, leaving behind hard sections, resembling a net.<\/li><li>Demoiselles: Rock pillars with resistant rocks at the top and softer rocks below.<\/li><li>Archives<strong>:<\/strong> Result from erosional processes like hydraulic action and abrasion, where waves hitting sea caves hollow them out. As the cave expands and breaks through the headland, an arch is formed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Landforms_Shaped_by_Sea_Waves\"><\/span>Landforms Shaped by Sea Waves:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sea Waves:<\/strong> Formed by wind transferring energy through friction on the sea surface. Larger waves are generated by faster, prolonged, and uninterrupted wind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sea_Wave-Crafted_Landforms\"><\/span>Sea Wave-Crafted Landforms:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Cliffs: <\/strong>Resulting from dominant shore erosion processes, cliffs are steep formations along the shoreline ranging from a few meters to over 30 meters in height.<\/li><li><strong>Wave-Cut Cliffs and Terraces: <\/strong>Two common forms shaped by erosion along the shore, showcasing the varied sizes and shapes of sea waves.<\/li><li><strong>Sea Caves: <\/strong>Formed by the relentless lashing of waves against cliff bases, creating hollows that widen and deepen over time.<\/li><li><strong>Sea Stacks:<\/strong> As cave roofs collapse and sea cliffs retreat, isolated rock remnants stand as sea stacks just off the shore. These resilient rock masses were originally part of cliffs or hills.<\/li><li><strong>Beaches: <\/strong>Characteristic of deposition-dominated shorelines, beaches may also appear in patches along rugged shores. Sediments comprising beaches often originate from land, transported by streams, rivers, or wave erosion.<\/li><li>Sand Dunes: Positioned just behind the beach, sands lifted and winnowed from beach surfaces accumulate to form dunes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/MjLUv_LZYQKMkfdS4FOElvTblDyuFLPs7Jx-hXIwtcP6JpAaHixQFVieUlj5k4VNb2Z3CpUoi6gLMlQzWrcwnq3yFEQHx1eKYYhqyPrx1dEAc2gpKqpekJe2Yv14fIKO7X5GVn3XcJyqpYmHi2souoo\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ba<\/strong>r A ridge of sand and shingle formed in the sea in the off-shore zone lying approximately parallel to the coast is called an off-shore bar.<\/li><li><strong>Barrier Bar <\/strong>An off-shore bar which is exposed due to further addition of sand is termed a barrier bar. The off-shore bars and barriers commonly form across the mouth of a river or at the entrance of a bay.<\/li><li><strong>Spits <\/strong>Sometimes such barrier bars get keyed up to one end of the bay when they are called spits<\/li><li><strong>Spits<\/strong> and Headlands: Spits may also develop attached to headlands.<\/li><li><strong>Lagoon<\/strong> Formation: Barriers, bars, and spits at the bay&#8217;s mouth can lead to the gradual development of a lagoon. Over time, sediment from the land or the beach fills the lagoon, transforming it into a broad coastal plain.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Coastal_Landforms\"><\/span>Types of Coastal Landforms:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Fjord:<\/strong> Formed in areas where glaciation extended below the current sea level. As glaciers retreat, U-shaped valleys get filled by the sea, creating narrow and steep coastlines.<\/li><li><strong>Dalmatian Coast: <\/strong>Arises from rising sea levels or land subsidence, causing the sea to invade low-lying areas. Examples are found on the East shores of the Adriatic Sea in Southern Croatia.<\/li><li><strong>Ria Coast<\/strong>: Formed by the submergence of river valleys, with the depth increasing seawards and shallower coasts compared to the adjoining sea.<\/li><li><strong>Haifa Coast: <\/strong>Resulting from the submergence of low coastal land in seawater. This coast lacks fragmentation and valleys, exemplified by Haifa city and its associated landforms in Israel.<\/li><li><strong>Emerged Highland Coast:<\/strong> Characterized by a straight coastline with steep cliffs and deeper offshore waters. Features like spits, lagoons, and beaches are common, as seen in the Kathiawar coast in Gujarat.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Agents of Landforms<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Erosional Landform<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Depositional Landform<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Running Water<\/td><td>V-Shaped Valley<\/td><td>Alluvial Fans, Delta, Natural Levees<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ground Water<\/td><td>Lapies, Sinkholes, Dohae, Uvalas<\/td><td>Stalactite, Stalagmite, Pillars<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Glaciers<\/td><td>U-Shaped Valley, Waterfall, Cirque<\/td><td>Drumlin, Esker, Moraines, Horn<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wind<\/td><td>Mushroom Rock, Zeugen, Yardang, Inselberg, Dreikanter<\/td><td>Playa, Pediment, Sand Dunes, Barchans, Loess<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Waves<\/td><td>Cliff, Caves, Arch, Stack<\/td><td>Beach, Bars, Lagoons<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_Facts\"><\/span>Prelims Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Which theory explains the formation of mountains sea floor spreading and origin of earthquakes? Theory of plate tectonics <strong><em>(WBCS (Pre) 2015)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Continents have drifted apart because of Tectonic activities <strong><em>(BPSC (Pre) 2011<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What is the proof that Deccan was part of Gondwana land? -Similarity in the common sequence of layers of rock <strong><em>IMPPSC (Pre) 2009<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li><li>Many island arcs and peripheral trenches of the Pacific Ocean are the result of The Convergence of two oceanic plates <strong><em>(MPPSC (Pre) 2011)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The curved shape of the Himalayas to the South is due to the maximum push offered at two ends of the Indian Peninsula during its Northward drift <strong><em>(MPPSC (Pre) 2014]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which processes help in the formation of Rift valley Faulting <strong><em>(APSC (Pre) 2015]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>&nbsp;The process of folding is the result of &#8211; Orogenetic force<strong><em> [BPSC (Pre) 2011<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>&nbsp;Landform produced by erosional work of wind in desert areas is known as &#8211; Inselberg <strong><em>(MPPSC (Pre) 2015)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>&nbsp;Exfoliation is which type of weathering? &#8211; Physical<strong><em> (MPSC (Pre) 2014)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Till, moraine and boulder clay are depositional landforms due to Glacial activity [APPSC (Pre) 2017<\/li><li>The word &#8220;Bergschrund&#8217; is associated with The work of Glaciers [APSC (Pre) 2013<\/li><li>Which type of landform is formed by Glacier 7 -Glacial Landforms (MPPSC (Pre) 2011<\/li><li>Ural Mountain, Aravalli Mountain, and Appalachian Mountain are part of Old Folded Mountain <strong>[UKPSC (Pre) 2016]<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>The Sierra Nevada, Himalayas,<\/strong> and Alps are part of which type of mountain? &#8211; Young Folded Mountain <strong><em>(MPPSC (Pre) 2022<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What is responsible for &#8216;V&#8217;shaped valley gorges and waterfall relief features? -River <strong><em>(MPSC (Pre) 2012<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which landforms are produced by a river in its upper course? -Gorge, Rapids and Waterfall <strong><em>(MPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Where are the Yardangs found? Deserts<strong><em> (MPSC (Pre) 2012]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Plain formed due to filling up of lakes are called -Lacustrine Plains<strong><em> [JPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which action creates &#8216;Mushroom rocks&#8217; which are usually found in Deserts<strong><em> [APSC (Pre) 2015]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which landform is associated with flood plains, along the banks of large rivers? Natural Levees <strong><em>[MPPCS (Pre) 2023]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which landform is formed when most of the limestone is taken away by pits and trenches ? Lapies<strong><em> [MPPCS (Pre) 2023<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_When_some_forces_cause_two_rock_surfaces_to_come_together_causing_mechanical_wearing_or_grinding_of_their_surfaces_is_called\"><\/span>1. When some forces cause two rock surfaces to come together, causing mechanical wearing or grinding of their surfaces is called<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Erosion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Abrasion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Attritionalth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Denudation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Arete_Cirque_Flood_planes_etc_are_the_landforms_associated_with_which_of_the_Following\"><\/span>2. Arete, Cirque, Flood planes etc., are the landforms associated with which of the Following?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Glacial activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Fluvial activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Volcanic activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Erosion activity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Which_of_the_following_is_responsible_for_%E2%80%98V-_shaped_valleys_gorges_and_waterfall_relief_features\"><\/span>3. Which of the following is responsible for &#8216;V&#8217;- shaped valleys, gorges and waterfall relief features?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) River<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Glacier<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Sea waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Underground water<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Arrange_the_following_features_formed_by_rivers_in_its_course_starting_from_upstream\"><\/span>4. Arrange the following features formed by rivers in its course starting from upstream.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Meanders<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Falls<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 . Deltas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Ox-bow lakes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer by using the codes given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(a) 2, 1, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 2, 1, 4 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 1, 4, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Stalactites_and_stalagmites_are_features_of\"><\/span>5. Stalactites and stalagmites are features of<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) glacial topography<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) volcanic topography<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) karst topography<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) fluvial topography<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Which_of_the_following_landforms_is_formed_by_glaciers_MPPSC_Pre_2011\"><\/span>6. Which of the following landforms is formed by glaciers? MPPSC (Pre) 2011<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Tarn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Lagoon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Lappies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Doline<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Glaciated_regions_are_associated_with\"><\/span>7. Glaciated regions are associated with<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) &#8216;V&#8217;-shaped valley<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) &#8216;U&#8217;-shaped valley<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) sand dunes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) stalactites<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Match_List_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists\"><\/span>8. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>List I (Landform Features)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>List II (Locations)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A. Alluvial Fans<\/td><td>1. Mountainous areas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B. V-shaped Valleys<\/td><td>2. Coasts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C. Deltas<\/td><td>3. Lower reaches of the river<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D. Ox-bow Lakes<\/td><td>4. Mountain foothills<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 4 1 2 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 4213<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 3 214<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 3 124<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Which_of_the_following_statements_are_concerned_with_eskers_and_drumlins\"><\/span>9. Which of the following statements are concerned with eskers and drumlins?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Eskers are ridges of crudely bedded gravels and Sandes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;2. Drumlins are constituted mostly of boulder and clay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Basket of eggs topography is the characteristic of terrains with eskers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. While eskers are built by glacier streams, drumlins result from glacier action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Choose the correct answer from the option given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1, 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 3 and 4b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Where_are_the_Yardangs_found_MPSC_Pre_2012\"><\/span>10. Where are the Yardangs found? MPSC (Pre) 2012<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Oceans<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Desert<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Wetlands<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Snowfields<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Which_among_the_following_pairs_are_correct\"><\/span>11. Which among the following pairs are correct?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Number<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Landforms<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Topography<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.<\/td><td>Cirque and Col<\/td><td>Glacial topography<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.<\/td><td>Barkhans and Yardangs<\/td><td>Desert topography<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.<\/td><td>Eddies and Potholes<\/td><td>Fluvial topography<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer by using the codes given<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(e) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Match_List_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists\"><\/span>12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>List I (Geomorphic agents)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>List II (Features)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1. Ground water<\/td><td>A. Plunge pool<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Running water&nbsp;<\/td><td>B. Horns<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.. Glacier<\/td><td>C. Playas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4.&nbsp; Wind<\/td><td>D. Lapies<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 4123<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 3124<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 3214<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 4213<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Which_of_the_following_pairs_are_correctly_matched_Region\"><\/span>13. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? Region<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Denudation Agent<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Features<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1. Glaciers and snow<\/td><td>Temperate latitude<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Waves<\/td><td>Coastlines<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. Temperature<\/td><td>Deserts<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer from the following codes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_Which_of_the_following_influence_formation_of_deltas\"><\/span>14. Which of the following influence formation of deltas?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Tides<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Currents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Waves<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Rate of sedimentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer from the following codes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 1, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Consider_the_following_statements\"><\/span>15. Consider the following statements.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. The main work of river is deposition.()<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Deltas do not obstruct the river flow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer from the following codes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Neither 1 nor&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_the_significance_of_studying_topography_or_landforms_in_the_context_of_UPSC_and_NCERT_Geography_notes\"><\/span><strong>Q1: What is the significance of studying topography or landforms in the context of UPSC and NCERT Geography notes?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: Understanding topography is crucial for UPSC aspirants as it forms the basis for comprehending various geographical phenomena. Topography influences climate, vegetation, and human activities, making it essential for aspirants to grasp its nuances. NCERT Geography notes provide a foundation for this knowledge, aiding candidates in answering questions related to landforms in the UPSC examination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_How_do_UPSC_NCERT_Geography_notes_cover_the_diverse_landforms_found_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Q2: How do UPSC NCERT Geography notes cover the diverse landforms found in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: UPSC NCERT Geography notes comprehensively cover India&#8217;s diverse landforms, including mountains, plateaus, plains, and coastal regions. The notes delve into the geological processes responsible for the formation of these landforms, their impact on the environment, and their significance in various aspects of human life. Aspirants can rely on these notes to gain an in-depth understanding of the geographical features of India, which is crucial for scoring well in the UPSC examination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_Can_studying_topography_through_UPSC_NCERT_Geography_notes_aid_in_answering_questions_related_to_current_affairs\"><\/span><strong>Q3: Can studying topography through UPSC NCERT Geography notes aid in answering questions related to current affairs?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: Yes, studying topography through UPSC NCERT Geography notes is beneficial for addressing current affairs questions. The understanding of landforms allows aspirants to interpret and analyze contemporary issues such as environmental changes, disaster management, and regional development. The notes provide a solid foundation that enables candidates to apply their knowledge to real-world scenarios, making them well-prepared for the dynamic aspects of the UPSC examination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Topography involves the examination of the Earth&#8217;s land surface, encompassing features like craters, rivers, valleys, and mountains.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21492,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1313],"tags":[1052,1336,232,140],"class_list":["post-21491","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-geography-notes","tag-ncert-notes","tag-topography","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21491","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21491"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21491\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34809,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21491\/revisions\/34809"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21492"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21491"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21491"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21491"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}