{"id":21495,"date":"2024-01-10T08:03:37","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T08:03:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=21495"},"modified":"2024-03-19T10:30:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T10:30:32","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Geography &#8211; Atmosphere Composition and Structure"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" data-id=\"47045\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bannner-1600-x-1600-2400-x-1392-px-1280-x-300-px-1024x300.png\" alt=\"PSP 2025\" class=\"wp-image-47045\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The study of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere is crucial in understanding the dynamics of our planet&#8217;s climate, weather patterns, and the delicate balance of life-sustaining gases. Comprising a diverse array of gases, particles, and layers, the atmosphere acts as a protective blanket, shielding Earth from harmful radiation and regulating temperature. To comprehend its intricacies, we delve into the composition and structure of the atmosphere, a foundational aspect of geography. In this exploration, we uncover the fundamental principles governing the distribution and behavior of atmospheric components, laying the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of Earth&#8217;s atmospheric systems. These insights, indispensable for aspiring civil servants preparing for the UPSC examinations, form the cornerstone of NCERT notes on Geography, facilitating a holistic comprehension of atmospheric phenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f4500a7ca\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f4500a7ca\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Introduction_to_the_Atmosphere\" title=\"Introduction to the Atmosphere:\">Introduction to the Atmosphere:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Atmosphere_Composition\" title=\"Atmosphere Composition:\">Atmosphere Composition:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Gases_in_the_Atmosphere\" title=\"Gases in the Atmosphere\">Gases in the Atmosphere<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Nitrogen\" title=\"Nitrogen\">Nitrogen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Oxygen\" title=\"Oxygen\">Oxygen<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Carbon_Dioxide\" title=\"Carbon Dioxide\">Carbon Dioxide<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Ozone\" title=\"Ozone\">Ozone<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Ozone_Hole_and_Related_Protocols\" title=\"Ozone Hole and Related Protocols\">Ozone Hole and Related Protocols<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Inert_Gases_in_Atmosphere\" title=\"Inert Gases in Atmosphere\">Inert Gases in Atmosphere<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Principle_Gases_of_Dry_Air\" title=\"Principle Gases of Dry Air\">Principle Gases of Dry Air<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Water_Vapour\" title=\"Water Vapour\">Water Vapour<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Aerosols\" title=\"Aerosols\">Aerosols<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Structure_of_the_atmosphere\" title=\"Structure of the atmosphere\">Structure of the atmosphere<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#1_based_on_Uniformity\" title=\"1. based on Uniformity:\">1. based on Uniformity:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#2_based_on_Temperature\" title=\"2. based on Temperature:\">2. based on Temperature:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Stratosphere\" title=\"Stratosphere:\">Stratosphere:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Mesosphere\" title=\"Mesosphere\">Mesosphere<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Thermosphere\" title=\"Thermosphere:\">Thermosphere:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Ionosphere\" title=\"Ionosphere:\">Ionosphere:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Exosphere\" title=\"Exosphere:\">Exosphere:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Prelims_Facts\" title=\"Prelims Facts\">Prelims Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#1_The_atmosphere_is_a_mixture_of_several_gases_Near_the_Earth_surface_it_contains_mainly\" title=\"1. The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. Near the Earth surface it contains mainly\">1. The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. Near the Earth surface it contains mainly<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#2_The_correct_sequence_of_different_layers_of_the_atmosphere_from_the_surface_of_the_Earth_upwards_is_UPPSC_Pre_2005_2021\" title=\"2. The correct sequence of different layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards is UPPSC (Pre) 2005, 2021\">2. The correct sequence of different layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards is UPPSC (Pre) 2005, 2021<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#3_The_stratosphere_is_said_to_be_ideal_for_flying_jet_aircraft_This_is_because_JPSC_Pre_2010_2011\" title=\"3. The stratosphere is said to be ideal for flying jet aircraft. This is because JPSC (Pre) 2010, 2011\">3. The stratosphere is said to be ideal for flying jet aircraft. This is because JPSC (Pre) 2010, 2011<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#4_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_not_trueUPPSC_Pre_2002\" title=\"4. Which of the following statements is not true?UPPSC (Pre) 2002\">4. Which of the following statements is not true?UPPSC (Pre) 2002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#5_Arrange_the_following_gases_of_the_atmosphere_in_increasing_order_by_volume\" title=\"5. Arrange the following gases of the atmosphere in increasing order by volume.\">5. Arrange the following gases of the atmosphere in increasing order by volume.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#6_At_how_many_kilometers_above_from_the_surface_of_the_Earth_ozone_can_be_found\" title=\"6. At how many kilometers above from the surface of the Earth ozone can be found?\">6. At how many kilometers above from the surface of the Earth ozone can be found?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#7_Which_is_the_warmest_layer_of_the_atmosphere\" title=\"7. Which is the warmest layer of the atmosphere?\">7. Which is the warmest layer of the atmosphere?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#8_Which_of_the_following_layers_of_the_Earths_atmosphere_provide_ideal_flying_conditions_for_Jet_aircraft\" title=\"8. Which of the following layers of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere provide ideal flying conditions for Jet aircraft?\">8. Which of the following layers of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere provide ideal flying conditions for Jet aircraft?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Q1_What_is_the_composition_of_the_Earths_atmosphere\" title=\"Q1: What is the composition of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere?\">Q1: What is the composition of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Q2_How_does_the_composition_of_the_atmosphere_vary_with_altitude\" title=\"Q2: How does the composition of the atmosphere vary with altitude?\">Q2: How does the composition of the atmosphere vary with altitude?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Q3_What_role_does_the_atmosphere_play_in_regulating_Earths_temperature\" title=\"Q3: What role does the atmosphere play in regulating Earth&#8217;s temperature?\">Q3: What role does the atmosphere play in regulating Earth&#8217;s temperature?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmosphere-composition-and-structure\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_to_the_Atmosphere\"><\/span>Introduction to the Atmosphere:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Earth&#8217;s atmosphere, tethered to the surface by gravitational force, is a dense gaseous envelope. It comprises layers with distinct characteristics, including composition, temperature, and pressure.<\/li><li>The atmosphere exhibits varying densities and temperatures across its layers. Density is highest near the <strong>Earth&#8217;s surface<\/strong> and decreases with altitude.<\/li><li>Functioning as a colossal greenhouse, the atmosphere permits shortwave insolation to penetrate while becoming opaque to outgoing longwave <strong>terrestrial radiation<\/strong>. This greenhouse effect helps maintain an average surface temperature of 15\u00b0C.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atmosphere_Composition\"><\/span>Atmosphere Composition:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gases in the atmosphere display dynamic ratios in the upper layers. For instance, carbon dioxide and water vapor are present only up to approximately 90 km above the Earth&#8217;s surface.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Beyond 120 km, oxygen content nearly diminishes.<\/li><li>Water vapor, dust particles, and other particulates are crucial for maintaining <strong>global climatic conditions.<\/strong> 90% of dust particles and water pour are only present up to a height of 10 kr. whereas 99% of various gases are found up to a height of 32 km.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Gases_in_the_Atmosphere\"><\/span>Gases in the Atmosphere<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Air is a mixture of different gases in varying proportions. The two important gases in the atmosphere are Nitrogen and Oxygen.<\/li><li>Nitrogen is composed of 78% of the total gases in the atmosphere while oxygen comprises 21%.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The remaining 1% includes argon, carbon dioxide, ozone, water vapor, and many other gases.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/AlwBTG9UYs_Ivt-9iGz2OLbsuJKa21lkjJedaqqhPMkU02SQ2cAUktqcPi4aJgtBxw4jpV5ddxI3BxV5BcpvOu_jzhuKUF_DTW11aqMDTiDeGODIrNdWk8mgjWFNY41GRP9psHka4vnkBF8Y7cz9nMA\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nitrogen\"><\/span>Nitrogen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nitrogen (N\u2082) constitutes the majority of the air and is vital for plant survival. However, plants cannot directly assimilate atmospheric nitrogen.<\/li><li>Bacteria residing in soil and plant roots convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for plants.<\/li><li>Nitrogen plays a significant role in extinguishing fires by depleting the oxygen supply.<\/li><li>Bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, facilitate the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, supporting the growth of algae and leguminous plants.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>nitrogen cycle<\/strong>, a biogeochemical process, transforms inert atmospheric nitrogen into a more accessible form.<\/li><li>The nitrogen cycle is crucial for plants, as nitrogen is essential for chlorophyll production.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Oxygen\"><\/span>Oxygen<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Oxygen (O) is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere.<\/li><li>Humans and animals inhale oxygen during respiration, while green plants release oxygen through<strong> photosynthesis<\/strong>. This maintains a constant oxygen content in the air.<\/li><li>Oxygen is a prerequisite for combustion, requiring fuel, an oxygen source, and a heat source.<\/li><li>The oxygen cycle involves the circular flow of oxygen through the lithosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. Humans and other living organisms utilize oxygen for metabolism and digestion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carbon_Dioxide\"><\/span>Carbon Dioxide<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Green plants utilize carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) in<strong> photosynthesis<\/strong> to produce their own food and release oxygen. Humans and animals release carbon dioxide during respiration.<\/li><li>Carbon dioxide is transparent to incoming solar radiation but opaque to outgoing terrestrial radiation.<\/li><li>Responsible for the greenhouse effect, carbon dioxide constitutes <strong>approximately 0.036% of the atmosphere.<\/strong><\/li><li>Global agreements like the Kyoto Protocol (1997) and the Paris Climate Conference (2015) aim to regulate atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ozone\"><\/span>Ozone<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ozone (O\u2083) is present between 10 and 50 km above the Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/li><li>Acting as a filter, ozone absorbs <strong>ultraviolet <\/strong>rays from the Sun, preventing them from reaching the Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/li><li>Harmful substances like nitrous oxide from jet planes, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), and <strong>hydrochlorofluorocarbons<\/strong> (HFCs) released by appliances such as air conditioners pose a threat to the ozone layer.<\/li><li>A molecule called ozone has three oxygen atoms in it. It is blue and smells strong. Two French scientists, Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson, discovered the ozone layer in 1913.<\/li><li>Ozone occurs naturally in small (trace) amounts in the upper atmosphere (the stratosphere). The upper stratosphere has abundant ozone has been found between 30 and 50 km in height.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ozone_Hole_and_Related_Protocols\"><\/span>Ozone Hole and Related Protocols<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Joe Farman, Brian Gardine<\/strong>r, and <strong>Jonathan Shanklin<\/strong> identified the hole in stratospheric ozone above Antarctica in 1985. An estimate shows that if a group of 500 supersonic jet planes takes off every day, they will deplete the ozone layer by 12%.<\/li><li>The<strong> Montreal Protocol<\/strong> is an international agreement established in 1987 to safeguard the stratospheric ozone layer by gradually banning the manufacturing and use of chemicals that deplete the ozone layer (ODS).<\/li><li>The United Nations General Assembly declared 16th September to be the<strong> International <\/strong>Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer in 1994. The<strong> Kigali Agreement <\/strong>is an amendment to the Montreal Protocol, signed in 2016.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Inert_Gases_in_Atmosphere\"><\/span>Inert Gases in Atmosphere<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Of the inert gases, the most important is Argon, forming about 0.93% of the atmosphere by volume.<\/li><li>Other inert gases including Neon, Helium, Krypton, and Xenon, have no significance in the Earth&#8217;s weather processes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Principle_Gases_of_Dry_Air\"><\/span>Principle Gases of Dry Air<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Constituent<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Percent by Volume<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Concentration in Parts Per Million (PPM)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nitrogen (N)<\/td><td>78.084<\/td><td>780840.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Oxygen (O\u2082)<\/td><td>20.946<\/td><td>209460.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argon (Ar)<\/td><td>0.934<\/td><td>9340.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)<\/td><td>0.036<\/td><td>360.0<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Neon (Ne)<\/td><td>0.002<\/td><td>18.2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Helium (He)<\/td><td>0.000524<\/td><td>5.24<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Methane (CH\u2084)<\/td><td>0.00015<\/td><td>1.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Krypton (Kr)<\/td><td>0.000114<\/td><td>1.14<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hydrogen (H\u2082)<\/td><td>0.00005<\/td><td>0.5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Xenon (Xe)<\/td><td>0.00009<\/td><td>0.9<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Water_Vapour\"><\/span>Water Vapour<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Water vapor is a variable gas in the atmosphere, constituting about 4% of the air by volume in warm and wet tropics but less than 1% in dry and cold areas of deserts and polar regions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The amount of water vapor decreases with altitude. Water vapor absorbs parts of the insolation and is the immediate cause of condensation and precipitation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Earth&#8217;s most prevalent greenhouse gas is water vapor, causing nearly half of the greenhouse effect on Earth.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It functions as a blanket over the planet&#8217;s atmosphere and stabilises the temperature. Water vapour is the cause of all meteorological events, including dew, fog, clouds, rainbows, and halos.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aerosols\"><\/span>Aerosols<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Aerosols are minute particles suspended in the atmosphere, originating from various sources such as sea salts, fine soil, smoke-soot, ash, pollen, dust, storms, and disintegrated meteor particles.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These particles facilitate water vapour condensation, leading to cloud formation and precipitation. Aerosols act as hygroscopic nuclei around which water vapour condenses to form clouds. When aerosols come in contact with gases like sulphur dioxide, <strong>smog<\/strong> is formed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Structure_of_the_atmosphere\"><\/span>Structure of the atmosphere<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The structure of the atmosphere is intricate, comprising various layers with distinct densities and temperatures. While the atmosphere has been extensively studied up to a height of 16 to 29,000 km, the uppermost 800 km above the ocean&#8217;s surface are particularly significant.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_based_on_Uniformity\"><\/span>1. based on Uniformity:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Homosphere:<\/strong> This zone exhibits uniform mixing and composition of gases and other constituents. Major gases like nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and particulates are uniformly distributed.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Extending up to 88 km from the Earth&#8217;s surface, it includes the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere.<\/li><li><strong>Heterosphere: <\/strong>Encompassing the region from 88 km to about 10,000 km, this layer includes both the ionosphere and exosphere.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The air is no longer uniform, and its chemical composition varies, with regions dominated by a few atomic or molecular species. Due to the absence of convective heating, the material in the heterosphere is layered by mass.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_based_on_Temperature\"><\/span>2. based on Temperature:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Troposphere: <\/strong>As the lowermost and warmest layer, the troposphere has an average altitude of 13 km, extending roughly up to 8 km near the poles and about 18 km at the equator.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It contains 75% of the total gaseous mass, along with dust particles and water vapors.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The troposphere experiences a gradual decrease in temperature with an increase at a constant rate of 1\u00b0C for every 165 m, known as the normal lapse rate.<\/li><li>All meteorological phenomena occur in this layer.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Stratosphere\"><\/span>Stratosphere:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Extending above the tropopause to about 50 km, the stratosphere lacks atmospheric turbulence, making it suitable for jet airways.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The air temperature increases steadily with altitude due to the absorption of UV rays by the ozone layer, but it never exceeds the melting point of water (0\u00b0C).&nbsp;<\/li><li>The lower stratosphere may have cirrus clouds, and the stratosphere is separated from the mesosphere by the stratopause, exhibiting stable thermal conditions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The lower portion of the stratosphere with the maximum concentration of ozone is referred to as the ozoneosphere.<\/li><li>In the lower levels of the stratosphere, the temperature remains the same. There is a tetrease in temperature due to the absorption of ultraviolet rays by the ozone layer.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mesosphere\"><\/span>Mesosphere<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The mesosphere is the frigid atmospheric layer with the coldest atmospheric conditions extending up to 80 km from stratopause, Temperature dee up to here with altitude and reaches upto <strong>-100\u00b0C.<\/strong><\/li><li>Meteors burn up in mesosphere as <strong>shooting stars.<\/strong> It is separated from the thermosphere by mesopause. The upper layer of mesosphere is marked by mesopause.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/fYdpCvi5i3c-YGt2VfTK99-hYQLWP7MsE8vO-fx_OxvwQ8THDQlZEy_pFUOQtTKYpLRQn9N6bLpIdyg2Pe4HlBVrbwmnzCP-oFAYuuJDvX2AYuzcnwLjz0oOplNx2kdMBqqF1L3mEWqAf_bJx_sUUok\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thermosphere\"><\/span>Thermosphere:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Extending from mesopause to about 640 km in altitude, the thermosphere&#8217;s lower layer is termed the ionosphere due to the presence of free radicals or ionic particles.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Despite a rapid increase in temperature with altitude, the molecules are so widely dispersed that the atmospheric heat isn&#8217;t perceptible.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ionosphere\"><\/span>Ionosphere:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>ionospher<\/strong>e spans from 80 km to 640 km above the mesopause. Radiowaves transmitted from Earth are reflected by this layer, and temperature increases with altitude.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Abundant ionic particles in the ionosphere serve as protection against celestial bodies like meteors. It consists of various thermal layers, such as the <strong>D-layer, E-layer, etc.,<\/strong> separated by gradients known as pauses.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exosphere\"><\/span>Exosphere:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Representing the uppermost layer beyond<strong> 640 km<\/strong>, the exosphere harbors the most rarified gases and an abundance of electrically charged particles.<\/li><li>Hydrogen and helium gases are present in the exosphere, with N\u2082, O\u2082, He, and H\u2082 in different layers.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Molecules in the exosphere possess enough kinetic energy to escape gravity and venture into space, leading to the disappearance of <strong>helium.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_Facts\"><\/span>Prelims Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>What is the thin layer of gases around the Earth is called? Atmosphere BPSC pre 2000<\/li><li>Among the noble gases like helium, argon, radon and neon which gas is not present in air? &#8211; Radon \/UPPSC (Pre) 2005)<\/li><li>The reason for the diffusion of light in the atmosphere is &#8211; Dust particles (UPPSC (Pre) 2021)<\/li><li>The thickness of the atmosphere is maximum over the Equator \/LAS (Pre) 2004)<\/li><li>The height of the ozone layer above the surface of the Earth is &#8211; 15-20 km \/BPSC (Pre) 1996)<\/li><li>In which atmospheric layer are communication satellites located? &#8211; Erosphere (UKPSC (Pre) 2005]<\/li><li>Which atmosphere layer that occupies 85% of the atmosphere? &#8211; Troposphere IMPSC (Pre) 2020%<\/li><li>Lightening and thundering are the characteristics of &#8211; Troposphere APSC (Pre) 2010<\/li><li>Most weather activity o- Troposwhich atmospheric layer?- Troposphere [RAS\/RTS (Pre) 1999)<\/li><li>How much has the global average temperature risen in last century? &#8211; 1.8\u00b0 F (RAS\/RTS (Pre)2021<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46428 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Refer &amp; Earn NOW<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_The_atmosphere_is_a_mixture_of_several_gases_Near_the_Earth_surface_it_contains_mainly\"><\/span>1. The atmosphere is a mixture of several gases. Near the Earth surface it contains mainly<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) nitrogen and oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) ethane and oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) oxygen and carbon dioxide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) nitrogen and carbon dioxide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_The_correct_sequence_of_different_layers_of_the_atmosphere_from_the_surface_of_the_Earth_upwards_is_UPPSC_Pre_2005_2021\"><\/span>2. The correct sequence of different layers of the atmosphere from the surface of the Earth upwards is UPPSC (Pre) 2005, 2021<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Troposphere, Stratosphere, lonosphere, Mesosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Troposphere, Stratosphere. Mesosphere, lonosphere&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Stratosphere, Troposphere, Mesosphere, lonosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_The_stratosphere_is_said_to_be_ideal_for_flying_jet_aircraft_This_is_because_JPSC_Pre_2010_2011\"><\/span>3. The stratosphere is said to be ideal for flying jet aircraft. This is because JPSC (Pre) 2010, 2011<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) this layer is rich in ozone which reduces fuel consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) the temperature is constant and ideal for aircraft engine efficiency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) this layer is out of the firing range of anti-aircraft guns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) the absence of clouds and other weather phenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_not_trueUPPSC_Pre_2002\"><\/span>4. Which of the following statements is not true?UPPSC (Pre) 2002<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Presence of water vapour is highly variable in the lower atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) The zone of maximum temperature is located along the Equator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Frigid zones are located in both the hemispheres between the polar circles and the poles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Jet streams are high altitude winds affecting the surface weather conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Arrange_the_following_gases_of_the_atmosphere_in_increasing_order_by_volume\"><\/span>5. Arrange the following gases of the atmosphere in increasing order by volume.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Nitrogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Oxygen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Carbon dioxide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Argon<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1, 2, 4 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 3, 4, 2 and 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 4, 3, 2 and 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_At_how_many_kilometers_above_from_the_surface_of_the_Earth_ozone_can_be_found\"><\/span>6. At how many kilometers above from the surface of the Earth ozone can be found?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 30 to 50 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1 to 5 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 50 to 1 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 3 to 7 km<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Which_is_the_warmest_layer_of_the_atmosphere\"><\/span>7. Which is the warmest layer of the atmosphere?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Thermosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Stratosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Troposphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Mesosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Which_of_the_following_layers_of_the_Earths_atmosphere_provide_ideal_flying_conditions_for_Jet_aircraft\"><\/span>8. Which of the following layers of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere provide ideal flying conditions for Jet aircraft?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Mesosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Thermosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Stratosphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Troposphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_the_composition_of_the_Earths_atmosphere\"><\/span>Q1: What is the composition of the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: The Earth&#8217;s atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (about 78%), oxygen (around 21%), and traces of other gases such as carbon dioxide, argon, and water vapor. These gases play a crucial role in maintaining the delicate balance necessary for supporting life on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_How_does_the_composition_of_the_atmosphere_vary_with_altitude\"><\/span>Q2: How does the composition of the atmosphere vary with altitude?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: The composition of the atmosphere varies with altitude. In the troposphere, which is the lowest layer, the concentration of gases decreases with height. The stratosphere, above the troposphere, contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation. The mesosphere and thermosphere follow, with diminishing concentrations of gases and increasing temperatures as you move upward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_What_role_does_the_atmosphere_play_in_regulating_Earths_temperature\"><\/span>Q3: What role does the atmosphere play in regulating Earth&#8217;s temperature?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: The atmosphere acts as a natural insulator, regulating Earth&#8217;s temperature through the greenhouse effect. Gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor trap some of the outgoing heat radiated by the Earth&#8217;s surface, preventing it from escaping directly into space. This process maintains a relatively stable temperature range, allowing life to thrive. However, human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, contribute to an enhanced greenhouse effect, leading to global warming and climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. 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