{"id":21503,"date":"2024-01-10T09:51:48","date_gmt":"2024-01-10T09:51:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=21503"},"modified":"2024-03-19T12:52:13","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T12:52:13","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Geography &#8211; Atmospheric Pressure and Winds"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-geography?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Geography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding atmospheric pressure and winds is fundamental to comprehending the dynamics of our planet&#8217;s climate and weather patterns. The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) NCERT notes on Geography delve into the intricate mechanisms governing atmospheric pressure and wind movements. These notes serve as an indispensable resource for aspirants preparing for competitive examinations, providing a comprehensive understanding of the atmospheric forces shaping our environment. From the basic principles of atmospheric pressure to the complex interactions driving global wind patterns, these notes elucidate key concepts with clarity and precision. By studying this crucial aspect of Geography, aspirants not only enhance their knowledge base but also develop a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness of Earth&#8217;s atmospheric systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d6f6e70a4c4\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d6f6e70a4c4\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Atmospheric_Pressure\" title=\"Atmospheric Pressure\">Atmospheric Pressure<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Barometer\" title=\"Barometer\">Barometer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Isobar\" title=\"Isobar\">Isobar<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Distribution_of_Air_Pressure\" title=\"Distribution of Air Pressure\">Distribution of Air Pressure<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Vertical_Distribution\" title=\"Vertical Distribution\">Vertical Distribution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Horizontal_Distribution\" title=\"Horizontal Distribution\">Horizontal Distribution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Pressure_Belts\" title=\"Pressure Belts\">Pressure Belts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Equatorial_Low_Pressure_Belt_Thermal_in_Origin\" title=\"Equatorial Low Pressure Belt (Thermal in Origin):\">Equatorial Low Pressure Belt (Thermal in Origin):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Doldrum\" title=\"Doldrum:\">Doldrum:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Sub-Tropical_High_Pressure_Belt_Dynamic_in_Origin\" title=\"Sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt (Dynamic in Origin):\">Sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt (Dynamic in Origin):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Sub-Polar_Low_Pressure_Belt\" title=\"Sub-Polar Low Pressure Belt\">Sub-Polar Low Pressure Belt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Polar_High-Pressure_Belt\" title=\"Polar High-Pressure Belt\">Polar High-Pressure Belt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Shifting_of_Pressure_Belts\" title=\"Shifting of Pressure Belts\">Shifting of Pressure Belts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Atmospheric_Circulations\" title=\"Atmospheric Circulations\">Atmospheric Circulations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Atmospheric_Tricellular_Circulation\" title=\"Atmospheric Tricellular Circulation:\">Atmospheric Tricellular Circulation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Walker_Cells\" title=\"Walker Cells:\">Walker Cells:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Winds\" title=\"Winds\">Winds<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Types_of_Winds\" title=\"Types of Winds:\">Types of Winds:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Planetary_Winds\" title=\"Planetary Winds:\">Planetary Winds:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Westerlies\" title=\"Westerlies\">Westerlies<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Polar_Easterlies\" title=\"Polar Easterlies:\">Polar Easterlies:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Seasonal_Winds\" title=\"Seasonal Winds:\">Seasonal Winds:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Monsoon_winds\" title=\"Monsoon winds\">Monsoon winds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Land_and_Sea_Breezes\" title=\"Land and Sea Breezes:\">Land and Sea Breezes:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Mountain_Breeze_and_Valley_Breeze\" title=\"Mountain Breeze and Valley Breeze\">Mountain Breeze and Valley Breeze<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Local_Winds\" title=\"Local Winds\">Local Winds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Hot_Winds\" title=\"Hot Winds\">Hot Winds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Cold_wind\" title=\"Cold wind\">Cold wind<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Jet_Stream\" title=\"Jet Stream:\">Jet Stream:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Effects_of_Jet_Streams\" title=\"Effects of Jet Streams:\">Effects of Jet Streams:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Prelims_facts\" title=\"Prelims facts\">Prelims facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#1_The_direction_of_wind_around_a_low_pressure_in_Northern_hemisphere_is\" title=\"1. The direction of wind around a low pressure in Northern hemisphere is\">1. The direction of wind around a low pressure in Northern hemisphere is<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#2_Consider_the_following_statements_IAS_Pre_2007\" title=\"2. Consider the following statements. IAS (Pre) 2007\">2. Consider the following statements. IAS (Pre) 2007<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#3_Which_one_among_the_following_is_the_idealised_global_pattern_of_surface_wind_from_the_Equator_to_the_pole\" title=\"3. Which one among the following is the idealised global, pattern of surface wind from the Equator to the pole?\">3. Which one among the following is the idealised global, pattern of surface wind from the Equator to the pole?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#4_Consider_the_following_statements_WBCS_Pre_2015\" title=\"4. Consider the following statements. WBCS (Pre) 2015\">4. Consider the following statements. WBCS (Pre) 2015<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#5_Which_of_the_following_is_a_local_wind_of_USA\" title=\"5. Which of the following is a local wind of USA?\">5. Which of the following is a local wind of USA?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#6_Westerlies_in_the_Southern_hemisphere_are_stronger_and_persistent_than_in_the_Northern_hemisphere_because_IAS_Pre_2011\" title=\"6. Westerlies in the Southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in the Northern hemisphere because IAS (Pre) 2011\">6. Westerlies in the Southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in the Northern hemisphere because IAS (Pre) 2011<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#7_Khamsin_wind_is_a_local_wind_of_which_of_the_following_countries\" title=\"7. Khamsin wind is a local wind of which of the following countries?\">7. Khamsin wind is a local wind of which of the following countries?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#8_Math_Last_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists_MPPSC\" title=\"8. Math Last I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists. MPPSC\">8. Math Last I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists. MPPSC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#9_Which_one_of_the_following_statements_isare_correct_MPSC_Pre_2014\" title=\"9. Which one of the following statements) is\/are correct? MPSC (Pre) 2014\">9. Which one of the following statements) is\/are correct? MPSC (Pre) 2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#10_Which_one_of_the_following_pairs_isare_not_correctly_matched_UPPSC_Pre_2016_MPSC_Pre_2021\" title=\"10. Which one of the following pairs) is\/are not correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2016, MPSC (Pre) 2021\">10. Which one of the following pairs) is\/are not correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2016, MPSC (Pre) 2021<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#11_Consider_the_following_pairs\" title=\"11. Consider the following pairs.\">11. Consider the following pairs.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#12_Which_among_the_following_is_not_a_hot_wind\" title=\"12. Which among the following is not a hot wind?\">12. Which among the following is not a hot wind?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Q1_What_is_atmospheric_pressure_and_how_is_it_related_to_winds\" title=\"Q1: What is atmospheric pressure, and how is it related to winds?\">Q1: What is atmospheric pressure, and how is it related to winds?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Q2_How_do_local_winds_differ_from_global_winds_in_terms_of_their_formation_and_impact\" title=\"Q2: How do local winds differ from global winds in terms of their formation and impact?\">Q2: How do local winds differ from global winds in terms of their formation and impact?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Q3_Explain_the_concept_of_the_Coriolis_effect_and_its_role_in_shaping_global_wind_patterns\" title=\"Q3: Explain the concept of the Coriolis effect and its role in shaping global wind patterns.\">Q3: Explain the concept of the Coriolis effect and its role in shaping global wind patterns.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-atmospheric-pressure-and-winds\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atmospheric_Pressure\"><\/span>Atmospheric Pressure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Atmospheric pressure, or air pressure, is defined as the total weight of a column of air above a unit area at sea level. At sea level, this pressure is equivalent to a 76 cm high mercury column, denoted as <strong>1013.25 mb.<\/strong><\/li><li>Maximum air pressure is experienced at sea level, where a 1 cm\u00b3 cube weighs approximately 1 kg (1034g). The unit of air pressure is the<strong> millibar<\/strong> (mb), with its SI unit being the <strong>Pascal<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Air pressure is measured using various instruments, including the normal barometer, Mercury barometer (Fortin barometer), Aneroid barometer, and Micro barograph.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Barometer\"><\/span>Barometer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A barometer, invented by Italian scientist Evangelista Torricelli in 1643, is a device used to measure air pressure, also known as<strong> barometric pressure<\/strong>. As gravity pulls air toward Earth, it exerts pressure on everything it touches. Barometers are instrumental in quantifying this pressure.<\/li><li>The horizontal distribution of mean sea level pressure is represented using<strong> isobar<\/strong>s, connecting locations with equal pressure. When isobars cluster above the normal value in a circular manner, it indicates a<strong> high-pressure region<\/strong>.<\/li><li>When isobars cluster below the normal value, it indicates a <strong>low-pressure region.<\/strong><\/li><li>A <strong>ridge <\/strong>occurs when high pressure extends outward into a predominantly low-pressure region, while a trough results from low pressure extending into a region of high pressure.<\/li><li>An area of nearly uniform pressure situated between two highs and two lows is referred to as a <strong>col.<\/strong><\/li><li>Lines connecting places with equal barometric tendency, where the pressure rises or falls by the same amount in a given period, are termed isobars.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Isobar\"><\/span>Isobar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Isobars are lines linking places with equal pressure. The prefix<strong> &#8216;Iso&#8217; signifies &#8216;same,&#8217;<\/strong> so isobar denotes the <strong>same pressure.<\/strong> Close-together isobars on a map indicate significant pressure changes over a short distance, while widely spaced isobars suggest pressure changes over a larger distance.<\/li><li>Wind moves from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. The distribution of air pressure is influenced by factors such as altitude, temperature, Earth&#8217;s rotation, water vapor, and air circulation.<\/li><li>The rate of pressure change per unit horizontal distance is termed<strong> pressure gradient.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Air_Pressure\"><\/span>Distribution of Air Pressure<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The distribution of air pressure can be categorized into two types: vertical distribution and horizontal distribution.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vertical_Distribution\"><\/span>Vertical Distribution<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the lower atmosphere, pressure decreases rapidly with height<\/li><li>Atmospheric pressure decreases at a rate of approximately 1 millibar for every 10-meter increase in elevation, although this rate may vary.<\/li><li>The<strong> pressure gradient <\/strong>is defined as the decrease in pressure per unit distance in the direction where the pressure decreases most rapidly.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Height<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Pressure (mb)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Temperature (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sea Level<\/td><td>1,013.25<\/td><td>8.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1 km<\/td><td>898.76<\/td><td>-179<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5 km<\/td><td>540.48<\/td><td>-49.7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10 km<\/td><td>266<\/td><td>-49.7<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Horizontal_Distribution\"><\/span>Horizontal Distribution<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The horizontal movement of air near the Earth&#8217;s surface is referred to as <strong>wind. <\/strong>The study of the horizontal distribution of air pressure involves plotting isobars at constant levels.<\/li><li>The horizontal distribution of atmospheric pressure is not uniform globally; it varies across different times and locations.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The key factors influencing horizontal air pressure include:<ul><li><strong>The Temperature of Air <\/strong>Earth experiences uneven heating due to the unequal distribution of insolation. Differential heating and cooling of land and water surfaces create an inverse relationship between air temperature and air pressure, leading to regional pressure variations.<\/li><li><strong>The Rotation of the Earth<\/strong> The Earth&#8217;s rotation results in the convergence and divergence of air. Convergence leads to low pressure, while divergence results in high pressure.<\/li><li><strong>Presence of Water Vapo<\/strong>r Higher quantities of water vapor in the air contribute to low pressure, whereas lower quantities result in high pressure.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Pressure_Belts\"><\/span>Pressure Belts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Atmospheric pressure, influenced by latitudinal variation, temperature, and Earth&#8217;s rotation, exhibits a general pattern across the globe.<\/li><li>Earth can be divided into regions with broader pressure belts, despite regional anomalies or deviations.<\/li><li>There are seven <strong>pressure belt<\/strong>s globally, alternating between high and low pressure in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, along with a common equatorial low-pressure belt.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Four major pressure belts on Earth are outlined below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Equatorial_Low_Pressure_Belt_Thermal_in_Origin\"><\/span>Equatorial Low Pressure Belt (Thermal in Origin):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located on either side of the geographical Equator. <\/li><li>Extends<strong> between 5\u00b0N and 5\u00b0S latitudes,<\/strong> with a potential shift to higher latitudes during respective hemisphere summers.<\/li><li>Represents the convergence zone of North-East and South-East trade winds.<\/li><li>Also known as <strong>doldrums<\/strong> due to frequent calm conditions caused by intense heat leading to low pressure.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doldrum\"><\/span>Doldrum:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The equatorial low-pressure belt is located between latitudes <strong>10\u00b0N and 10\u00b0S.<\/strong><\/li><li>Width fluctuates between <strong>5\u00b0N to 5\u00b0S and 20\u00b0N to 20\u00b0S.<\/strong><\/li><li>Convergence of trade winds from the two hemispheres sub-tropical high-pressure belts results in calm air movement, earning it the name Doldrum.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sub-Tropical_High_Pressure_Belt_Dynamic_in_Origin\"><\/span>Sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt (Dynamic in Origin):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Extends between <strong>latitudes 25\u00b0 to 35\u00b0<\/strong> in both hemispheres.<\/li><li>Convergence of winds at higher altitudes leads to the subsidence of air from higher altitudes.<\/li><li>Characterized by anti-cyclonic conditions, causing atmospheric stability and aridity due to the descent winds contracting their volume.<\/li><li>The zone is named horse latitude due to frequent calm conditions. Dynamic in origin.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/pjflQURL6OS9FwY3vY43QxwXs9VSRSdT7jY4en-mlohsSkl0EBB6kOFh_fMPlwUffnJWGmOv34-XTnylAPyOVabVRiboVIOjWYiWmacISuaT7AKqY350oK2cUrGDg260cApwALuYjA47IkVRcnLfBBo\" alt=\"Pressure Belts\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Pressure Belts<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sub-Polar_Low_Pressure_Belt\"><\/span>Sub-Polar Low Pressure Belt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Extends between latitudes 60\u00b0 to 65\u00b0 in both hemispheres.<\/li><li>The sub-polar low-pressure belt is more developed and regular in the Southern hemisphere, while it is fragmented in the Northern hemisphere due to the dominant presence of water in the former.<\/li><li>Well-defined low-pressure centers or cells are observed over oceans in the Northern Hemisphere, such as in the vicinity of the Aleutian Islands in the Pacific Ocean and between Greenland and Iceland in the Atlantic Ocean.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polar_High-Pressure_Belt\"><\/span>Polar High-Pressure Belt<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Persistent high pressure at the poles throughout the year due to very low temperatures.<\/li><li>Both thermal and dynamic factors operate at the poles, with high pressure attributed to the extremely low temperatures.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shifting_of_Pressure_Belts\"><\/span>Shifting of Pressure Belts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Pressure belts typically shift with the position of the overhead Sun.<\/li><li>In the Northern Hemisphere, pressure belts move northward in summer and southward in winter.<\/li><li>Diurnal changes in thermal conditions influence pressure conditions, leading to regional shifts in wind direction.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atmospheric_Circulations\"><\/span>Atmospheric Circulations<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Atmospheric circulation refers to the large-scale flow of air, along with ocean circulation, facilitating the transfer of thermal energy to the Earth.<\/li><li>The structure of atmospheric circulation remains consistent annually, despite variations in specific details. Atmospheric circulation is classified into three types:<ul><li>South Westerlies<\/li><li>North-East Trade Winds<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Primary or General Circulation:<ul><li>Primary winds, also known as planetary, permanent, global, invariable, or prevailing winds, blow constantly throughout the year. <\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Three types of primary winds: Trade Winds, Westerlies, and Easterlies.<\/li><li><strong>Secondary Circulation<\/strong> This circulation is also Called seasonal, periodic, variable, and regional winds, these winds change direction with different seasons, exemplified by monsoons, characterized by a seasonal reversal of wind direction.<\/li><li><strong>Tertiary Circulation:<\/strong> Formed due to local pressure gradients resulting from differences in the Earth&#8217;s surface heating and cooling, tertiary winds, such as Harmattan and Chinook, blow only during specific periods in a small area, confined to the lower levels of the troposphere.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atmospheric_Tricellular_Circulation\"><\/span>Atmospheric Tricellular Circulation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Explains the meridional circulation of the atmosphere, commonly known as the Tricellular Meridional Circulation. Surface winds move from high to low-pressure areas, while upper atmospheric winds move in the opposite direction, forming a cellular circulation system that also influences ocean water movement, affecting Earth&#8217;s climate.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Three Cells Based on Thermal and Dynamic Factors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Hadley Cell:<\/strong> Located between 10\u00b0 to 30\u00b0 latitudes, a thermally induced cell with rising air along the Equator, leading to upper air around 30\u00b0 latitude, sinking, and causing sub-tropical high pressure. Associated with tropical monsoons and desert climates.<\/li><li><strong>Ferrel Cell:<\/strong> Extending from 30 to 60\u00b0 latitude, a thermally indirect cell induced by dynamic forces, with warm air ascending from the polar front and subsidence in the horse latitudes. Completed by Westerly winds on the surface.<\/li><li>Polar Cell: Extending from 65\u00b0 to 90\u00b0 latitudes, a thermally direct cell strongest during winter, with sinking air along the poles moving towards sub-polar lows as the Easterly wind. The interaction of Easterly and Westerly winds in sub-polar lows leads to rising air, completing the polar cell circulation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Walker_Cells\"><\/span>Walker Cells:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the Southern hemisphere, a horizontal air circulation cell known as the <strong>walker cell, <\/strong>responsible for upwelling along the South American Coast and bringing rains to Australia. Resulting from differences in surface pressure and temperature over the Western and Eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, creating a pressure gradient from East to West and a circulation from the Eastern Pacific to the Western Pacific.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Winds\"><\/span>Winds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wind, or moving air, results from differences in air pressure within the atmosphere. It flows from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas, and the greater the pressure difference, the faster the air moves.<\/li><li>The wind is characterized by its direction and speed. The direction is expressed as the direction from which the wind is blowing, such as Easterly winds moving from East to West and Westerly winds moving from West to East.<\/li><li>Various factors affect wind speed and movement:<\/li><li><strong>The Sun: <\/strong>Unequal heating of the Earth&#8217;s surface by the Sun plays a crucial role in determining wind speed and movement.<\/li><li><strong>Pressure Gradient: <\/strong>When there is a pressure differential between two regions, air moves from higher pressure to lower pressure due to the pressure gradient force.<\/li><li><strong>Coriolis Effect: <\/strong>Earth&#8217;s rotation causes objects to deflect to the right in the Northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern hemisphere. The Coriolis effect influences the direction of movement but not the speed.<\/li><li><strong>Friction: <\/strong>The force that affects wind direction, mainly in the lower troposphere, slowing wind movement and reducing the impact of the Coriolis effect.<\/li><li><strong>Centripetal Force:<\/strong> This force applies when isobars are curved, as in cyclones, pulling air inward along with pressure gradient and Coriolis forces, creating the gradient wind.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Winds\"><\/span>Types of Winds:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Prevailing or Permanent\/Planetary Winds<\/li><li>Seasonal Winds<\/li><li>Local Winds<\/li><li>Monsoon Winds<\/li><li>Land and Mountain Sea Breezes and Valley Breezes<\/li><li>Trade Westerlies Winds<\/li><li>Polar Easterlies<\/li><li>Hot Winds<\/li><li>Cold Winds<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Planetary_Winds\"><\/span>Planetary Winds:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>These winds blow almost consistently in the same direction throughout the year and include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Trade Winds or Easterlies:<\/strong> Blow from sub-tropical high-pressure areas toward equatorial low-pressure areas, deflected by the Coriolis effect.<\/li><li><strong>Doldrums:<\/strong> Calm weather region in the <strong>Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) <\/strong>centered on the Equator, dominated by low pressure and rising air.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Westerlies\"><\/span>Westerlies<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>They blow from the horse latitude (high-pressure belt) to the temperate low pressures. In the Northern hemisphere, they are deflected to the right to become South Westerlies and in the Southern hemisphere, they are deflected left to become North Westerlies.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>They blow strongly and more constantly in the Southern Hemisphere because uniform water expanses predominate landmasses<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/SsrdaXuRwut-MUdzGQLw-QRtd9OR-3NpxScEJtTSELS66af_xEV0BifspeE04fnkQonhK5Z4hLDOat3njiCXy4glY85N9ezJ0oYHPsD7XgH66M_t1J0Y4EMQ5DNt5GqJAH19nwrpPh9zmmGkfouxnxI\" alt=\"Westerlies\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Westerlies<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Westerlies, known as the roaring forties, furious fifties, and shrieking sixties in the Southern Hemisphere, also play a role in the formation of extra-tropical cyclones.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Polar_Easterlies\"><\/span>Polar Easterlies:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These winds move from polar high-pressure regions to sub-polar low-pressure regions.<\/li><li>In the Northern Hemisphere, they blow from North-East to South-West, and in the Southern Hemisphere, from South-East to North-West.<\/li><li>Characterized by extreme coldness, stability, and low moisture content, causing precipitation mainly in the form of snow.<\/li><li>Unimpeded by barriers, they cover long distances, influencing the climates of the regions they traverse.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Seasonal_Winds\"><\/span>Seasonal Winds:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Winds changing their direction with the shifting seasons are termed <strong>seasonal winds.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Includes monsoon winds, which alter their direction based on seasonal changes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Monsoon_winds\"><\/span>Monsoon winds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Monsoon winds blow from sea to land in summer and from land to sea in winter due to differential heating of land and water.<\/li><li>Originating in the trade wind belt between the <strong>Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn,<\/strong> these winds are prominent in South and Southeast Asia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Land_and_Sea_Breezes\"><\/span>Land and Sea Breezes:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>During the daytime, the land heats up faster than the adjacent sea, creating low pressure over land and high pressure over the sea.<\/li><li>The pressure gradient induces air movement from the high-pressure sea to the low-pressure land, known as a sea breeze.<\/li><li>At night, land cools rapidly, becoming cooler than the sea, resulting in a reverse pattern known as land breeze.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/Kj4NWJdrIxQNWZPtKVyUy1mZiNuHnKfU9iKGR1fBJcz-UEgJrIkElX-4-iu6-KzEhOdGAWYDmT9FbYf6DQlCskj7RC31MzYB0OIUaWknWaPerTrxKsaf5FZa_EThCHL9JcyBsZ-Wo4doYALNQDyjqSs\" alt=\"Land and Sea Breezes\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Land and Sea Breezes<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mountain_Breeze_and_Valley_Breeze\"><\/span>Mountain Breeze and Valley Breeze<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In mountainous regions, during the day the slopes get heated up and as a result the air moves upslope and to fill the resulting gap. The flow of air from the valley blows up the valley is known as the <strong>valley breeze<\/strong><\/li><li>During the night, the slopes get cooled and the dense air descends into the valley as the mountain wind.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/ez13AI6uPOPTx2sVpnDPD0c17rHZ0dn3DfLfRt_JXQTaYlaNv2TuuyBBR2H7rYrckr5enJg1j5m6_5aHY3XFPwlgKm9WD2ik0F4FJqarYIt5hFDv4n4Jh8Vr9Q1U2_tWepKt7g2Eb7_fCUweW37xYRw\" alt=\"Mountain Breeze and Valley Breeze\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Mountain Breeze and Valley Breeze<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Local_Winds\"><\/span>Local Winds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The local winds blow due to local variations in the<\/li><li>temperature and pressure and influence a very small area.<\/li><li>These local winds blow in the lower layers of the troposphere.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Name<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Nature of Wind<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Place<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chinook<\/td><td>Hot, dry wind<\/td><td>The Rockies mountains<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Foehn<\/td><td>Hot, dry wind<\/td><td>The Alps<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Khamsin<\/td><td>Hot, dry wind<\/td><td>Egypt<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Siroco<\/td><td>Hot, moist wind<\/td><td>Sahara to the Mediterranean Sea<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Solano<\/td><td>Hot, moist wind<\/td><td>Sahara to the Iberian Peninsula<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Harmattan<\/td><td>Hot, dry wind<\/td><td>West Africa<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Name<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Nature of Wind<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Place<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bora<\/td><td>Cold, dry wind<\/td><td>Blows from Hungary to North Italy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mistral<\/td><td>Cold wind<\/td><td>The Alps and France<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Punas<\/td><td>Cold, dry wind<\/td><td>The Western side of Andes mountain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Blizzard<\/td><td>Cold wind<\/td><td>Tundra region<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Purga<\/td><td>Cold wind<\/td><td>Russia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Levanter<\/td><td>Cold wind<\/td><td>Spain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Norwester<\/td><td>Hot wind<\/td><td>New Zealand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Santa Ana<\/td><td>Hot wind<\/td><td>South California<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karaburun<\/td><td>Hot dusty wind<\/td><td>Central Asia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Calima<\/td><td>Dust-laden dry wind<\/td><td>Saharan air layer across the Canary Islands<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elephanta<\/td><td>Moist wind in monsoon<\/td><td>Malabar coast<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hot_Winds\"><\/span>Hot Winds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&nbsp;Hot winds are winds characterised by intense heat and low relative humidity.<\/li><li>Some important hot winds are explained below.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Name<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>LOo<\/td><td>This is a hot and dry wind blowing in Northern India and Pakistan from the North-West and West to the East. It raises the temperature abruptly, and exposure to it may threaten sunstroke. Similar to Chinook, it blows along the Northern slope of the Alps, melting snow and making the weather pleasant. It aids in the early ripening of grapes.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chinook (snow-eater)<\/td><td>This hot and dry wind blows along the Eastern slope of the Rockies, covering an area from the Southern part of Colorado in the South to British Columbia in Canada in the North. Its effect leads to snow melting and green grass sprouting even in winter.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sirocco<\/td><td>It blows in a Northerly direction from the Sahara desert, crossing over the Mediterranean Sea to reach Italy, Spain, etc. It is also known as blood rain due to the reddish sand brought from the Sahara desert. It has various local names in Africa, such as &#8216;Khamsin&#8217; in Egypt, &#8216;Gibli&#8217; in Libya, &#8216;Chilli&#8217; in Tunisia, &#8216;Leveche&#8217; in Spain, and &#8216;Laste&#8217; in the Canary and Madeira islands.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Foehn<\/td><td>Similar to Chinook, this hot and dry wind blows along the Northern slope of the Alps, affecting Switzerland. It melts snow, makes the weather pleasant, and aids in the early ripening of grapes.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Name<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Black Roller<\/td><td>A strong, hot, dust-laden wind blowing from the South-West to the North-West in the great plains of North America.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Temporal<\/td><td>The monsoon wind blowing in Central America.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Simoom<\/td><td>A warm and dry wind blowing in Israel, Jordan, Syria, Sahara, and the Arabian desert. Causes dust storms and obstructs visibility. The term &#8220;Simoom&#8221; means Poison wind.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Harmattan<\/td><td>Winds blowing from North-East and East to the West in the Sahara desert. The weather becomes suddenly dry and pleasant in the Western coast of Africa upon the arrival of Harmattan, known as &#8220;doctor&#8221; in the Guinea coastal.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Norwester<\/td><td>Warm, dry, and gusty wind blowing in Northern New Zealand.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brickfielder<\/td><td>Warm and dry wind blowing in the Victoria province of Australia.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Haboob<\/td><td>A fast-blowing wind full of dust and sand in the Northern parts of Sudan, especially near Khartoum. Obstructs visibility and causes rain with thunderstorms.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karaburun<\/td><td>Dust-laden fast-blowing winds in the Tarim basin in Central Asia, blowing towards North-East.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Koimbang<\/td><td>Winds similar to Foehn, blowing in Java (Indonesia) and harmful to the tobacco crop.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Santa Ana<\/td><td>Warm and dry wind blowing in California (USA).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zonda<\/td><td>Warm wind blowing in Argentina and Uruguay from the Andes towards the plains. Also called cool Foehn.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yama<\/td><td>Warm and dry wind blowing in Japan.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cold_wind\"><\/span>Cold wind<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cold winds are winds that induce a cold wave due to their temperature being below the freezing point.<\/li><li><strong>Mistral:<\/strong> A cold local wind in Spain and France blowing from North-West to South-East, causing a sudden drop in air temperature below freezing point.<\/li><li><strong>Bora:<\/strong> An extremely cold and dry North-Easterly wind along the shore of the Adriatic sea.<\/li><li><strong>Blizzard: <\/strong>Affecting polar regions of Canada and the USA, causing temperatures to drop below freezing point.<\/li><li><strong>Norte: <\/strong>The polar wind in Central America in winter, known as Norther or Northern in the Southern USA.<\/li><li><strong>Gregale<\/strong>: Winter winds in the Central part of the Mediterranean region of Southern Europe.<\/li><li><strong>Maestro:<\/strong> North-westerly winds in the central part of the Mediterranean region.<\/li><li>Pampero: Cold polar winds blowing fast in the Pampas region of South America.<\/li><li>Levanter: A strong Easterly cold wind in Southern Spain.<\/li><li>Papagayo: Fast-blowing North-Easterly cold and dry winds in the coastal region of Mexico.<\/li><li>Ponant: Cold Westerly winds in the Mediterranean region, especially the Corsica coast.<\/li><li>Puna: A cold local wind in the Andes region.<\/li><li>Virasen: Sea breezes along the Western coasts of Peru and Chile.<\/li><li>Southern Buster: A fast-blowing cold and dry wind in New South Wales (Australia).<\/li><li><strong>Bise:<\/strong> An extremely cold and dry wind in France and Switzerland.<\/li><li><strong>Levanter<\/strong>: A strong Easterly cold wind in Southern Spain.<\/li><li><strong>Joran<\/strong>: A cold wind from Jura mountains (Switzerland) to Lake Geneva (Italy).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Jet_Stream\"><\/span>Jet Stream:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The jet stream is a region of long, narrow, high-speed winds that flow in North-Eastward, Eastward, and South-Eastward directions in the middle and upper troposphere or lower stratosphere.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Jet streams can have speeds of up to 90 m\/second (200 miles\/hour) along hundreds of kilometers at their centers, but velocities fall off very sharply both laterally and vertically.<\/li><li>Jet streams, characterized by high speeds, are confined to narrow bands at heights ranging between 6 and 14 km.<\/li><li>The Earth&#8217;s rotation plays a crucial role in the formation of jet streams. Due to the Earth&#8217;s rotation, with the Equator moving faster than the poles, upper air flows from the Equator to the pole in an easterly direction to conserve momentum, resulting in an increase in speed towards the pole.<\/li><li>There are various types of jet streams:<ul><li><strong>Polar Frontal Jet Streams: <\/strong>Located between 40\u00b0 and 60\u00b0 latitude, where tropical and polar air masses interact. The polar front jet stream exhibits irregularities in its longitudinal section and is discontinuous.<\/li><li><strong>Westerly Sub-tropical Jet Stream:<\/strong> Running from West to East, it is more persistent over India and Africa during the summer.<\/li><li><strong>Easterly Tropical Jet Stream:<\/strong> Found in the upper troposphere.<\/li><li><strong>Polar Night Jet Streams (Stratospheric Sub-polar Jet Stream):<\/strong> Present in both hemispheres, developing above the troposphere during winter nights.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effects_of_Jet_Streams\"><\/span>Effects of Jet Streams:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Heat Balance: <\/strong>Jet streams play a crucial role in maintaining heat balance through the movement of air.<\/li><li><strong>Temperate Cyclone Paths:<\/strong> Jet streams impact the paths of temperate cyclones.<\/li><li><strong>Precipitation:<\/strong> The influence of jet streams affects precipitation patterns.<\/li><li><strong>Air Mass Movement: J<\/strong>et streams influence the movement of air masses, potentially leading to droughts or floods.<\/li><li><strong>Aviation:<\/strong> Aviators utilize jet streams for efficient flying by aligning with the direction of the jet stream flow and avoiding them when flying in the opposite direction.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_facts\"><\/span>Prelims facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In which season the air pressure is lowest? -Summer Season<strong> [UPPSC (Pre) 2014]<\/strong><\/li><li>Due to which meteorological factor does the air pressure -The change in air densitychange? <strong><em>&nbsp;(MPPSC (Pre) 2012]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What is the atmospheric pressure at sea level? -1013.2 millibar<strong><em> (MPPSC (Pre) 2012]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What is shown with the help of isobars? -Pressure<strong><em> (JPSC (Pre) 2012]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which phenomena can occur when very warm and humid air is rising over a mass of very cold air? &#8211; Calm weather and intense rain and hail <strong><em>(UPPSC (Pre) 2015]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Where is the Doldrums belt located? -Near Equator<strong><em> [JPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The directions of wind patterns in the Northern and Southern hemisphere are governed by -Coriolis effect <strong><em>(IAS (Pre) 2015]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Westerlies in the Southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in Northern hemisphere because Southern hemisphere has less landmass as compared to Northern hemisphere <strong><em>[IAS (Pre) 2011]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Polar Night Jet Streams is also known as stratospheric sub-polar jet stream. These are found in both hemispheres and develops above the troposphere in winter nights.. What are roaring forties, furious fifties and shrieking sixties? -Westerlies in Southern hemisphere <strong><em>IMPPSC (Pre) 2015]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The wind flowing from high pressure area towards the -Trade wind <strong><em>(UPPSC (Pre) 1992]<\/em><\/strong> Mediterranean sea are<\/li><li>The seasonal reversal of winds are the typical characteristic of -Mansoon climate <strong><em>(IAS (Pre) 2014]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The general circulation of the atmosphere sets in motion the ocean water circulation which influences &#8211; The Earth&#8217;s climate <strong><em>[HPSC (Pre) 2022)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What causes wind to deflect towards left in the Southern hemisphere? &#8211; Rotation of the Earth <strong><em>[IAS (Pre) 2010]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Which weather condition is indicated by a sudden fall in barometer reading? -Stormy <strong><em>[IAS (Pre) 2001)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Inter-tropical Convergence zone is located &#8211; At the Equator<strong><em> [MPPSC (Pre) 2018]<\/em><\/strong> Zone (ITCZ) a low pressure<\/li><li>Which type of wind can be called as planetary wind? &#8211; Trade wind <strong><em>[IAS (Pre) 2009<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_The_direction_of_wind_around_a_low_pressure_in_Northern_hemisphere_is\"><\/span>1. The direction of wind around a low pressure in Northern hemisphere is<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) clockwise<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) anti-clockwise<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) perpendicular to isobars<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) paralled to isobars<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Consider_the_following_statements_IAS_Pre_2007\"><\/span>2. Consider the following statements. IAS (Pre) 2007<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Either of the two belts over the oceans at about 30\u00b0 to 35\u00b0N and S latitudes is known as &#8216;Horse latitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Horse latitudes are low pressure belts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statements) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Which_one_among_the_following_is_the_idealised_global_pattern_of_surface_wind_from_the_Equator_to_the_pole\"><\/span>3. Which one among the following is the idealised global, pattern of surface wind from the Equator to the pole?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Doldrums<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Westerlies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Trade winds<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Polar winds<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1, 3, 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 2, 1, 4 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 3, 1, 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Consider_the_following_statements_WBCS_Pre_2015\"><\/span>4. Consider the following statements. WBCS (Pre) 2015<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Coriolis effect is zero at the Equator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Coriolis effect is more towards the poles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Coriolis effects are related to the decreasing rotational velocity with increasing latitudes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Coriolis effects are related to the increasing rotational velocity with increasing latitudes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statements) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 1, 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d) 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Which_of_the_following_is_a_local_wind_of_USA\"><\/span>5. Which of the following is a local wind of USA?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Chinook<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Harmattan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Foehn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Mistral<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Westerlies_in_the_Southern_hemisphere_are_stronger_and_persistent_than_in_the_Northern_hemisphere_because_IAS_Pre_2011\"><\/span>6. Westerlies in the Southern hemisphere are stronger and persistent than in the Northern hemisphere because IAS (Pre) 2011<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Southern hemisphere has less landmass as compared to Northern hemisphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Coriolis force is higher in the Southern hemisphere as compared to the Northern hemisphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statements) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(C) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Khamsin_wind_is_a_local_wind_of_which_of_the_following_countries\"><\/span>7. Khamsin wind is a local wind of which of the following countries?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Argentina b) Tunisia (c) Egypt (d) Lybia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Math_Last_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists_MPPSC\"><\/span>8. Math Last I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists. MPPSC<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>List I<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>List II<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A. Equatorial low pressure belt<\/td><td>1. Air in this region gets pushed upward due to the friction with the surface and Earth&#8217;s rotation.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B. Mid-latitudinal high pressure<\/td><td>2. The temperature is below 0\u00b0C throughout belt the year.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C. Sub-polar low pressure belt<\/td><td>3. In this area, the rays of the Sun fall mostly perpendicular.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D. Polar high pressure belt<\/td><td>4. Cool air descends between 25\u00b0 and 35\u00b0 latitude.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A B C D &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A B C D<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 2 3 4&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (b) 4 1 2 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 3 4 1 2&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (d) 2 3 4 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Which_one_of_the_following_statements_isare_correct_MPSC_Pre_2014\"><\/span>9. Which one of the following statements) is\/are correct? MPSC (Pre) 2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Wind is a moving air which has a speed more than five knots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. The minimum speed required to generate wind energy is 25 kms\/hr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Which_one_of_the_following_pairs_isare_not_correctly_matched_UPPSC_Pre_2016_MPSC_Pre_2021\"><\/span>10. Which one of the following pairs) is\/are not correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2016, MPSC (Pre) 2021<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Foehn Alps Mountain (Switzerland)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Bora Poland (Southern France)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Mistral Rhine Valley<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Khamsin Egypt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Consider_the_following_pairs\"><\/span>11. Consider the following pairs.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>Name of the local winds<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>Related countries<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1. Sirocco&nbsp;<\/td><td>France<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2. Bora&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Italy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3. Blizzard<\/td><td>Canada<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Which one of the above pairs is not correctly matched?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) Only 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Which_among_the_following_is_not_a_hot_wind\"><\/span>12. Which among the following is not a hot wind?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Sirocco (b) Chinook (c) Mistral (d) Loo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1. (b)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6. (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7. (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9. (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12. (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_atmospheric_pressure_and_how_is_it_related_to_winds\"><\/span>Q1: What is atmospheric pressure, and how is it related to winds?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: Atmospheric pressure is the force exerted by the air molecules in the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere due to their weight. It decreases with altitude. Winds are caused by the movement of air from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas. The pressure difference results in the development of winds, creating a dynamic atmospheric circulation system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_How_do_local_winds_differ_from_global_winds_in_terms_of_their_formation_and_impact\"><\/span>Q2: How do local winds differ from global winds in terms of their formation and impact?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: Local winds are small-scale winds that are influenced by specific geographical features such as mountains, valleys, and bodies of water. They are typically short-lived and have a limited impact on a regional scale. In contrast, global winds, such as the trade winds and westerlies, are large-scale wind patterns that cover vast areas and are influenced by the Earth&#8217;s rotation and the uneven heating of the Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_Explain_the_concept_of_the_Coriolis_effect_and_its_role_in_shaping_global_wind_patterns\"><\/span>Q3: Explain the concept of the Coriolis effect and its role in shaping global wind patterns.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: The Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects, including air, due to the Earth&#8217;s rotation. It causes winds in the Northern Hemisphere to be deflected to the right and winds in the Southern Hemisphere to be deflected to the left. This deflection influences the formation of global wind patterns, such as the trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies, creating distinct circulation cells in the Earth&#8217;s atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding atmospheric pressure and winds is fundamental to comprehending the dynamics of our planet&#8217;s climate and weather patterns. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1313],"tags":[1338,1052,232,140],"class_list":["post-21503","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-geography-notes","tag-atmospheric-pressure","tag-ncert-notes","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21503","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21503"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34878,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21503\/revisions\/34878"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}