{"id":21597,"date":"2024-01-11T07:00:26","date_gmt":"2024-01-11T07:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=21597"},"modified":"2024-01-29T07:17:55","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T07:17:55","slug":"how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"How are ocean currents generated? Discuss their effects on coastal climates with special reference to the Pacific Ocean &#8211; UPSC Geography Optional Mains &#8211; 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series?type=classroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/GS-Foundation-Course-for-UPSC-1280-x-300-px-1-1024x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46623\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The vast, swirling veins of the Pacific Ocean, its currents, are not merely passive carriers of water. They are a dynamic system pulsating with life, sculpted by a mesmerizing interplay of forces. Wind, born from the sun&#8217;s caress on the waves, tugs at the surface, setting the first dance. Earth&#8217;s spin, a cosmic choreographer, deflects the flow, weaving intricate pirouettes. Temperature and salinity, the ocean&#8217;s internal rhythms, join the ballet, their contrasting densities driving deep, glacial movements. These grand currents, their paths etched across millennia, not only dictate the ocean&#8217;s pulse but also paint the canvas of coastal climates with vibrant strokes, influencing everything from balmy tropical paradises to the bone-chilling embrace of polar latitudes. In the Pacific, they whisper tales of warm El Ni\u00f1os and chilling La Ni\u00f1as, shaping weather patterns and nourishing, or sometimes throttling, life along its diverse shores. So, let us dive into this liquid symphony, its rhythms dictating the fate of land, and explore the breathtaking story of how the Pacific Ocean&#8217;s currents are born, and how they paint the tapestry of coastal climates with their liquid brushstrokes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d78289c0894\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d78289c0894\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer\">Answer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Generation_of_Ocean_Currents\" title=\"Generation of Ocean Currents:\">Generation of Ocean Currents:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#1Surface_Ocean_Currents\" title=\"1.Surface Ocean Currents:\">1.Surface Ocean Currents:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#i_Currents_Parts_of_Ocean_Gyres\" title=\"(i) Currents Parts of Ocean Gyres:\">(i) Currents Parts of Ocean Gyres:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#2_Deep_Currents\" title=\"2. Deep Currents\">2. Deep Currents<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/how-are-ocean-currents-generated-discuss-their-effects-on-coastal-climates-with-special-reference-to-the-pacific-ocean-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span>Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ocean Currents are relatively narrow bands of water circulating along the coast. They have good potential to change the climate of the coast and be a major carrier of global heat balance. Generally it seems like ocean currents are dragged by winds,but in reality Ocean currents system is a very complex system.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"503\" height=\"194\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-11-121816.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21598 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 503px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 503\/194;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Generation_of_Ocean_Currents\"><\/span>Generation of Ocean Currents:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1Surface_Ocean_Currents\"><\/span>1.Surface Ocean Currents:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_Currents_Parts_of_Ocean_Gyres\"><\/span>(i) Currents Parts of Ocean Gyres:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Winds are the primary force for currents.<\/li><li>Winds impact surface water directly, as layers move, they drag the subsequent layers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"131\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-11-121921.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21599 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 181px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 181\/131;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Layers move as Ekman spirals as coriolis effects.<\/li><li>Spiral Water Column deflect at 90\u2019 of the moving wind- Ekman Transport.<\/li><li>Ekman transport associated with trade winds,westerlies- this force water to pile up as central water mound.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"178\" height=\"151\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-11-121926.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-21600 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 178px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 178\/151;\" \/><figcaption> <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As the water slides down from CWM it spirals clockwise in the northern hemisphere and anticlockwise in the southern hemisphere- Ocean Gyre.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus these currents are generated. (ii) Other factors generating Ocean Current<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Density Variation, Salinity Variation, and Temperature Variation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2794 EG: Due to the salinity and density difference between the mediterranean sea and the Atlantic sea- more dense water of the Mediterranean Sea sinks to the floor and compensatory current flows from the Atlantic sea to the mediterranean sea through Gibraltar strait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Deep_Currents\"><\/span>2. Deep Currents<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Deep currents circulation because of the density difference of water masses.<\/li><li>Due to cold temperatures high dense and saline water polar water goes through brine rejection water masses sink in the polar area.<\/li><li>Water masses after settling move horizontally and eventually upwell and this circulation goes on.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Effects of coastal climate due to currents of Pacific Ocean:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Surface ocean current affects and condition the weather and climate of the continental and island location- closer to definite ocean current.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Warm Kuroshio Current and Warm and Moist temp of Eastern Japan Coast\u2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u25cf W. Kuroshio Current carries warm subtropical current to Japan&#8217;s coast bringing a hot and humid climate and heavy rainfall.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>North Pacific current and relative moderate weather of Alaska Northwestern Canada-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li> It reduces the impact of Alaska&#8217;s current and California&#8217;s current and comparative warm temp in this region.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cold Kurile Current and cold condition of northern japan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Responsible for heavy snowfall in Hokkaido region, Japan<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ElNino &amp; Warm and humid climate of Peru and chile:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>El Nino conditions warm water coming to Peru coast result in 6 times more rainfall in Peru and Chile and warm and moist conditions.<\/li><li>It results in very less fishing in Chile and also helps agriculture in chile.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>LaNina and dry and cold conditions<\/strong> of Peru and Chile<strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>LaNina- results in extreme cold and dry conditions in this region and drought in this region.<\/li><li>LaNina also results in major storms and cyclones in eastern Australia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Cold Humboldt Current and Atacama desert<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dry conditions in Chile and the Atacama Desert in Chile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advection fog in East Japan coast:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Warm Kuroshio and cold Kurile current mix with each other and temp inversion and advection fog in this region.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ocean currents are major controllers of world climate &#8211; which has effects on marine resources, trade, and transport\u2013 moreover Blue Economy. Climate Change due to Global Warming and other Anthropogenic activity increasing, which have the potential for permanent changes in ocean circulation, which pose a great threat to the natural cycle of heat transfer, marine ecology, resources etc. To mitigate in Climate change situation it is very important to consider Ocean Currents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The vast, swirling veins of the Pacific Ocean, its currents, are not merely passive carriers of water. They are a dynamic system pulsating with life, sculpted by a mesmerizing interplay of forces. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":21601,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1546],"tags":[143,1355,142,232,145,140],"class_list":["post-21597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-geography-optional-mains-solved-paper-2023","tag-geography_optional","tag-pacific-ocean","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-mains-question-paper","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21597"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24041,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21597\/revisions\/24041"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}