{"id":22673,"date":"2024-01-19T09:11:21","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T09:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=22673"},"modified":"2024-03-20T07:09:37","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T07:09:37","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Geography &#8211; Physiography of India"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" data-id=\"47045\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bannner-1600-x-1600-2400-x-1392-px-1280-x-300-px-1024x300.png\" alt=\"PSP 2025\" class=\"wp-image-47045\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Studying the physiography of India is a fundamental aspect of preparing for the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examination, and the use of NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) notes plays a pivotal role in this endeavor. The diverse and dynamic geography of India encompasses a wide range of landforms, climates, and ecosystems, making it a comprehensive subject for UPSC aspirants. These NCERT notes specifically focus on providing a structured understanding of the physical features of India, including its mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, and coastal regions. Aspirants engaging with these notes delve into the intricacies of India&#8217;s geographical diversity, gaining insights that are crucial for tackling questions in the Civil Services Examination. This introductory paragraph sets the stage for an exploration of the geographical nuances that shape the nation, highlighting the significance of UPSC NCERT notes in aiding candidates on their journey to civil service success.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d29eaccdac1\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d29eaccdac1\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Physical_structure_and_land_features\" title=\"Physical structure and land features:\">Physical structure and land features:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Great_Himalayas_of_North\" title=\"The Great Himalayas of North\">The Great Himalayas of North<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Classification_of_Himalayas\" title=\"Classification of Himalayas:\">Classification of Himalayas:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Longitudinal_Series_of_Himalayas\" title=\"Longitudinal Series of Himalayas\">Longitudinal Series of Himalayas<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#1_Trans-Himalayas\" title=\"(1) Trans-Himalayas\">(1) Trans-Himalayas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#ii_Greater_Himalayas_or_Himadri\" title=\"(ii) Greater Himalayas or Himadri\">(ii) Greater Himalayas or Himadri<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Siachen_Glacier\" title=\"Siachen Glacier\">Siachen Glacier<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Highest_Peaks_of_the_World_in_the_Himadri_Ranges\" title=\"Highest Peaks of the World in the Himadri Ranges\">Highest Peaks of the World in the Himadri Ranges<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#iii_Lesser_Himalayas\" title=\"(iii) Lesser Himalayas\">(iii) Lesser Himalayas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#iv_Shiwaliks_or_Sub-Himalayas\" title=\"(iv) Shiwaliks or Sub-Himalayas\">(iv) Shiwaliks or Sub-Himalayas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#v_The_Purvanchal\" title=\"(v) The Purvanchal\">(v) The Purvanchal<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Regional_Divisions_of_Himalayas\" title=\"Regional Divisions of Himalayas\">Regional Divisions of Himalayas<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#i_Punjab_Himalayas\" title=\"(i) Punjab Himalayas\">(i) Punjab Himalayas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#ii_Kumaun_Himalayas\" title=\"(ii) Kumaun Himalayas\">(ii) Kumaun Himalayas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#iii_Nepal_Himalayas\" title=\"(iii) Nepal Himalayas\">(iii) Nepal Himalayas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#iv_Assam_Himalayas\" title=\"(iv) Assam Himalayas\">(iv) Assam Himalayas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Significant_Features_of_Himalayas\" title=\"Significant Features of Himalayas\">Significant Features of Himalayas<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Syntaxial_Bends_and_Off-shoots\" title=\"Syntaxial Bends and Off-shoots:\">Syntaxial Bends and Off-shoots:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Important_Glaciers_of_the_Himalayan_Mountains\" title=\"Important Glaciers of the Himalayan Mountains\">Important Glaciers of the Himalayan Mountains<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Comparison_between_Western_and_Eastern_Himalayas\" title=\"Comparison between Western and Eastern Himalayas\">Comparison between Western and Eastern Himalayas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Valleys_in_the_Himalayas\" title=\"Valleys in the Himalayas\">Valleys in the Himalayas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Great_Plains_of_North_India\" title=\"The Great Plains of North India\">The Great Plains of North India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Difference_Between_Bhabar_and_Terai_Regions\" title=\"Difference Between Bhabar and Terai Regions\">Difference Between Bhabar and Terai Regions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Difference_between_Khadar_and_Bhangar_Regions\" title=\"Difference between Khadar and Bhangar Regions\">Difference between Khadar and Bhangar Regions<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Regional_Division_of_Great_Plain_of_India\" title=\"Regional Division of Great Plain of India\">Regional Division of Great Plain of India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Rajasthan_Plain\" title=\"The Rajasthan Plain\">The Rajasthan Plain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Punjab-Haryana_Plain\" title=\"Punjab-Haryana Plain\">Punjab-Haryana Plain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Ganga_Plain\" title=\"Ganga Plain\">Ganga Plain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Brahmaputra_Plain\" title=\"Brahmaputra Plain\">Brahmaputra Plain<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Peninsular_Plateau\" title=\"The Peninsular Plateau\">The Peninsular Plateau<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Central_Highlands\" title=\"The Central Highlands\">The Central Highlands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Aravalli_Range\" title=\"The Aravalli Range\">The Aravalli Range<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Mewar_Plateau\" title=\"The Mewar Plateau\">The Mewar Plateau<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Bundelkhand_and_Baghelkhand_Uplands\" title=\"Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand Uplands\">Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand Uplands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Vindhyan_Ranges\" title=\"The Vindhyan Ranges\">The Vindhyan Ranges<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Satpura_Ranges\" title=\"The Satpura Ranges\">The Satpura Ranges<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Eastern_Plateau\" title=\"The Eastern Plateau\">The Eastern Plateau<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Chhotanagpur_Plateau\" title=\"The Chhotanagpur Plateau\">The Chhotanagpur Plateau<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Chhattisgarh_BasinMahandi_Basin\" title=\"Chhattisgarh Basin\/Mahandi Basin\">Chhattisgarh Basin\/Mahandi Basin<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Dandakaranya_Plateau\" title=\"Dandakaranya Plateau&nbsp;\">Dandakaranya Plateau&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_North-Eastern_Plateau\" title=\"The North-Eastern Plateau\">The North-Eastern Plateau<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Deccan_Plateau\" title=\"The Deccan Plateau\">The Deccan Plateau<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Deccan_Trap\" title=\"Deccan Trap:\">Deccan Trap:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Karnataka_Plateau\" title=\"Karnataka Plateau:\">Karnataka Plateau:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Andhra_Plateau\" title=\"Andhra Plateau:\">Andhra Plateau:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Southern_Hills\" title=\"The Southern Hills:\">The Southern Hills:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Western_Ghats_or_Sahyadris\" title=\"The Western Ghats or Sahyadris:\">The Western Ghats or Sahyadris:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Eastern_Ghats\" title=\"Eastern Ghats:\">Eastern Ghats:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Arma_Konda_1680_m\" title=\"Arma Konda (1680 m)\">Arma Konda (1680 m)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Comparatively_broader_and_do_not_form_a_continuous_water_divide\" title=\"Comparatively broader and do not form a continuous water divide.\">Comparatively broader and do not form a continuous water divide.<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Western_Ghats\" title=\"Western Ghats:\">Western Ghats:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Eastern_Ghats-2\" title=\"Eastern Ghats:\">Eastern Ghats:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Mountain_Passes_in_Peninsular_India\" title=\"Mountain Passes in Peninsular India:\">Mountain Passes in Peninsular India:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Indian_Desert\" title=\"The Indian Desert:\">The Indian Desert:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Coastal_Plains\" title=\"The Coastal Plains\">The Coastal Plains<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Western_Coastal_Plains\" title=\"Western Coastal Plains:\">Western Coastal Plains:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Eastern_Coastal_Plains\" title=\"Eastern Coastal Plains:\">Eastern Coastal Plains:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Differences_Between_Western_and_Eastern_Coastal_Plains\" title=\"Differences Between Western and Eastern Coastal Plains:\">Differences Between Western and Eastern Coastal Plains:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Western_Coastal_Plains-2\" title=\"Western Coastal Plains\">Western Coastal Plains<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Eastern_Coastal_Plains-2\" title=\"Eastern Coastal Plains\">Eastern Coastal Plains<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#The_Islands\" title=\"The Islands:\">The Islands:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Island_Groups\" title=\"Island Groups\">Island Groups<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Other_Islands\" title=\"Other Islands\">Other Islands<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Lakshadweep_Islands\" title=\"Lakshadweep Islands\">Lakshadweep Islands<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands\" title=\"Andaman and Nicobar Islands\">Andaman and Nicobar Islands<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Other_Islands-2\" title=\"Other Islands:\">Other Islands:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Prelims_Facts\" title=\"Prelims Facts\">Prelims Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#1_Concerning_the_Himalayan_range_which_of_the_statements_isare_correct_UPPSC_Pre_2019\" title=\"1. Concerning the Himalayan range, which of the statements) is\/are correct? UPPSC (Pre) 2019\">1. Concerning the Himalayan range, which of the statements) is\/are correct? UPPSC (Pre) 2019<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#2_Which_one_of_the_following_sequences_of_the_Himalayan_ranges_from_South_to_North_is_correct_WBSC_Pre_2011\" title=\"2. Which one of the following sequences of the Himalayan ranges from South to North is correct? WBSC (Pre) 2011\">2. Which one of the following sequences of the Himalayan ranges from South to North is correct? WBSC (Pre) 2011<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#3_Consider_the_following_relief_features_IPSC_Pre_2013\" title=\"3. Consider the following relief features. IPSC (Pre) 2013\">3. Consider the following relief features. IPSC (Pre) 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#4_Consider_the_following_statements_IAS_Pre_2023\" title=\"4. Consider the following statements IAS (Pre) 2023\">4. Consider the following statements IAS (Pre) 2023<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#5_Siachen_Glacier_is_situated_to_the_IAS_Pre_2020\" title=\"5 Siachen Glacier is situated to the. IAS (Pre) 2020\">5 Siachen Glacier is situated to the. IAS (Pre) 2020<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#6_Consider_the_following_pairs\" title=\"6. Consider the following pairs.\">6. Consider the following pairs.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#7_Assertion_A_The_Gangetic_Plain_is_the_most_densely_populated_part_of_India\" title=\"7. Assertion (A) The Gangetic Plain is the most densely populated part of India.\">7. Assertion (A) The Gangetic Plain is the most densely populated part of India.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Reason_R_Ganga_is_the_most_widely_used_river_in_India\" title=\"Reason (R) Ganga is the most widely used river in India.\">Reason (R) Ganga is the most widely used river in India.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#9_Which_among_the_following_statements_about_the_Peninsular_Plateau_of_India_isare_correct\" title=\"9. Which among the following statements about the Peninsular Plateau of India is\/are correct?\">9. Which among the following statements about the Peninsular Plateau of India is\/are correct?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#10_Dodda_Betta_peak_is_situated_in\" title=\"10. Dodda Betta peak is situated in\">10. Dodda Betta peak is situated in<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#11_In_which_district_the_major_portion_of_the_Chhuri_hills_is_distributed_CGPSC_Pre_2022\" title=\"11 In which district, the major portion of the Chhuri hills is distributed? CGPSC (Pre) 2022\">11 In which district, the major portion of the Chhuri hills is distributed? CGPSC (Pre) 2022<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-81\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#12_Which_of_the_following_hills_are_present_where_the_Eastern_ghats_and_Western_ghats_meet_UKPSC_Pre_2022\" title=\"12. Which of the following hills are present where the Eastern ghats and Western ghats meet? UKPSC (Pre) 2022\">12. Which of the following hills are present where the Eastern ghats and Western ghats meet? UKPSC (Pre) 2022<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-82\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#13_Consider_the_following_relief_features_JPSC_Pre_2016\" title=\"13. Consider the following relief features. JPSC (Pre) 2016\">13. Consider the following relief features. JPSC (Pre) 2016<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-83\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#14_The_Western_ghats_is_an_important_mountain_system_of_the_West_coast_of_India_the_word_ghat_means_WBCS_Pre_2017\" title=\"14. The Western ghats is an important mountain system of the West coast of India. the word ghat means WBCS (Pre) 2017\">14. The Western ghats is an important mountain system of the West coast of India. the word ghat means WBCS (Pre) 2017<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-84\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#15_Match_List_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists\" title=\"15. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.\">15. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-85\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#16_Which_one_of_the_following_Passes-StatesU_I_is_correctly_matched_UPPSC_Pre_2023\" title=\"16 Which one of the following Passes-States\/U. I) is correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2023\">16 Which one of the following Passes-States\/U. I) is correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2023<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-86\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#17_Which_of_the_following_states_has_longest_coast_line_of_India_UPPSC_Pre_2018\" title=\"17. Which of the following states has longest coast line of India? UPPSC (Pre) 2018\">17. Which of the following states has longest coast line of India? UPPSC (Pre) 2018<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-87\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#18_Kori_Creek_lies_in_UPPSC_Mains_200811\" title=\"18. Kori Creek lies in UPPSC (Mains) 2008,11\">18. Kori Creek lies in UPPSC (Mains) 2008,11<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-88\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#19_10%C2%B0_channel_separates_UPPSC_Pre_2005_IAS_Pre_2014\" title=\"19. 10\u00b0 channel separates UPPSC (Pre) 2005, IAS (Pre) 2014\">19. 10\u00b0 channel separates UPPSC (Pre) 2005, IAS (Pre) 2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-89\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#20_Consider_the_following_statements_IAS_Pre_2018\" title=\"20. Consider the following statements. IAS (Pre) 2018\">20. Consider the following statements. IAS (Pre) 2018<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-90\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#21_Which_of_the_following_is_a_coral_island_WBCS_Pre_2018\" title=\"21. Which of the following is a coral island? WBCS (Pre) 2018\">21. Which of the following is a coral island? WBCS (Pre) 2018<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-91\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#22_Which_of_the_following_island_is_not_a_part_of_Lakshadweep_island_UKPSC_Pre_2022\" title=\"22. Which of the following island is not a part of Lakshadweep island? UKPSC (Pre) 2022\">22. Which of the following island is not a part of Lakshadweep island? UKPSC (Pre) 2022<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-92\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-93\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-94\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Q_Why_is_it_essential_to_study_the_physiography_of_India_for_UPSC_preparation\" title=\"Q: Why is it essential to study the physiography of India for UPSC preparation?\">Q: Why is it essential to study the physiography of India for UPSC preparation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-95\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Q_Which_NCERT_books_are_recommended_for_studying_the_physiography_of_India_for_UPSC\" title=\"Q: Which NCERT books are recommended for studying the physiography of India for UPSC?\">Q: Which NCERT books are recommended for studying the physiography of India for UPSC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-96\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Q_What_are_the_major_physiographic_divisions_of_India_and_their_characteristics\" title=\"Q: What are the major physiographic divisions of India and their characteristics?\">Q: What are the major physiographic divisions of India and their characteristics?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-97\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Q_How_does_the_physiography_of_India_influence_its_climate\" title=\"Q: How does the physiography of India influence its climate?\">Q: How does the physiography of India influence its climate?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-98\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Q_How_does_the_knowledge_of_Indias_physiography_contribute_to_disaster_management_and_planning\" title=\"Q: How does the knowledge of India&#8217;s physiography contribute to disaster management and planning?\">Q: How does the knowledge of India&#8217;s physiography contribute to disaster management and planning?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-99\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-100\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-physiography-of-india\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In addition to geological formations, various processes like weathering, erosion, and deposition have played significant roles in shaping and altering the landscape to its present configuration. Approximately <strong>43.2% <\/strong>of the land is characterized by plains, <strong>27.7% <\/strong>by plateaus, 18.5% by hills, and 10.7% by mountains.<\/li><li>The Indian mainland can be classified into six distinct physiographic units based on their&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Physical_structure_and_land_features\"><\/span>Physical structure and land features:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Great Himalayas of North<\/li><li>The Great Plains of North India<\/li><li>The Peninsular Plateau<\/li><li>The Indian Desert<\/li><li>The Coastal Plains<\/li><li>The Islands<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Great_Himalayas_of_North\"><\/span>The Great Himalayas of North<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Himalayas constitute a range of towering mountains situated along the northern borders of India.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Geologically young and structurally folded mountain ranges, the Himalayas extend in a West-East direction from the<strong> Indus to the Brahmaputra<\/strong>. Forming an arc covering approximately 2,400 km, their width varies from 400 km in Kashmir to 150 km in Arunachal Pradesh.<\/li><li>The altitudinal variations in the Himalayas are more pronounced in the Eastern half than in the Western half. There are three distinct phases of sudden changes in the Himalayas:<\/li><li>Eocene (64 million years ago) &#8211; Greater Himalayas<\/li><li>Miocene (45 million years ago) &#8211; Lesser Himalayas<\/li><li>Post-Pliocene (1.4 million years ago) &#8211; Shiwaliks (outer Himalayas)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Classification_of_Himalayas\"><\/span>Classification of Himalayas:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Himalayan ranges can be categorized based on the following criteria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Longitudinal_Series_of_Himalayas\"><\/span>Longitudinal Series of Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>On the basis of the longitudinal series, the Himalayan range is divided into five phases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Trans-Himalayas\"><\/span>(1) Trans-Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located north of the Great Himalayas, the trans-Himalayas or Tibet Himalayas are older than the Himalayas. These ranges act as a watershed between rivers flowing southward and those flowing northward. Approximately 40 km wide, they rise in height up to 5,000 m in elevation and include the <strong>Karakoram, Zanskar, <\/strong>and<strong> Ladakh <\/strong>ranges.<\/li><li>The<strong> second-highest peak globally<\/strong> and the highest peak in India, K2 (8,611 m), is situated in these ranges. It is named <strong>Godwin Austen<\/strong> by the British and <strong>Qogir by the Chinese.<\/strong><\/li><li>The Ladakh plateau, standing at an elevation of 5,000 m, lies on the northeast of the Karakoram range and is the highest plateau in India. It has been dissected into various plains and mountains, with notable features such as Soda plains, Aksai Chin, Depsang plains, and Chang Chenmo.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/znDpGKNs3RX5usrBPkJUiQU-wadKvR0_zxHXv-OqmQT7haWgM1_7fvjdIDEy3RqwSO4Jno2gNzBq1UwHXWSefO5p8-OfMSzCq62idlZes4N5gubTcmUwE41OFU5Vv7BDynqwfJ-c95fqYDjZDdum1nI\" alt=\"Classification of Himalayas\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Classification of Himalayas<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ii_Greater_Himalayas_or_Himadri\"><\/span>(ii) Greater Himalayas or Himadri<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Great or Inner Himalayas, also known as Himadri, represent the northernmost significant range. It is the most uninterrupted range, characterized by the loftiest peaks, boasting an average height of 6,000 m.<\/li><li>Extending from Nanga Parbat in the West to Namcha Barwa in the East, this range encompasses all the prominent Himalayan peaks, including India&#8217;s highest peak, <strong>Kangchenjunga.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Siachen_Glacier\"><\/span>Siachen Glacier<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Siachen Glacier is situated north of the Nubra River, a part of the Indus drainage basin originating from the glacier itself. Located in the Eastern Karakoram range of the Himalayas, it is the second-longest non-polar glacier globally. Since 1984, India has administered the entire Siachen Glacier, along with all major passes, and it lies within the<strong> Union Territory of Ladakh.<\/strong><\/li><li>The folds of the Great Himalayas in this region are asymmetrical, with the core composed of granite. Perennially snowbound, this range features some of the highest peaks, longest glaciers, and highest passes globally. Mount Everest, the world&#8217;s highest peak, is part of this range. Crossing the passes, generally above 4,500 m in height, is challenging.<\/li><li>Important passes in this region include Burzil La in Jammu and Kashmir, Zoli La in Ladakh, Baralacha La, and Shipki La in Himachal Pradesh. Thaga La, Mana, Niti, Lipulekh in Uttarakhand, and Nathu La and Jelep La in Sikkim are also significant. The Hindustan-Tibet trade link road passes through Shipki La, while another vital Indo-Tibet link road traverses Jelep La.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Highest_Peaks_of_the_World_in_the_Himadri_Ranges\"><\/span>Highest Peaks of the World in the Himadri Ranges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Peak<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Country<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Height (in m)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mount Everest<\/td><td>Nepal<\/td><td>8,848<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>8,586<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Makalu<\/td><td>Nepal<\/td><td>8,485<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dhaulagiri<\/td><td>Nepal<\/td><td>8,172<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nanga Parbat<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>8,126<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Annapurna<\/td><td>Nepal<\/td><td>8078<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nanda Devi<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>7,817<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kamet<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>7,756<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Namcha Barwa<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>7,756<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gurla Mandhata<\/td><td>nepal<\/td><td>7,728<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iii_Lesser_Himalayas\"><\/span>(iii) Lesser Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The range to the south of the Himadri forms the rugged mountain system known as Himachal or Lesser<strong> Himalayas <\/strong>or Middle Himalayas. Composed of highly compressed and altered rocks, the height varies between 3,700 m and 4,500 m, with an average width of 50 km. Notable ranges include the Pir Panjal range, the Dhauladhar, the Mussoorie range, Nag Tibba, and the Mahabharata ranges (in Nepal).<\/li><li><strong>Pir Panjal range<\/strong> encompasses the famous valley of Kashmir and the Kangra and Kullu valleys in Himachal Pradesh. <strong>Dhauladhar range<\/strong> passes through the hill stations of Dalhousie, Dharamshala, and Shimla. The Middle Himalayas feature Mussoorie and Nag Tibba ranges. The slopes are dotted with small pastures called <strong>Marg in Kashmir<\/strong> (Gulmarg, Sonmarg, Tanmarg) and Bugyal in Uttarakhand (Auli Bugyal, Dayara Bugyal).<\/li><li>Hill stations like Mussoorie, Lansdowne, Nainital, Ranikhet, and Chakrata are located on these ranges. Further southeast, the Mahabharata range extends throughout the length of Nepal, known for pilgrimage centers like Vaishno Devi, Amarnath, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Joshimath.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iv_Shiwaliks_or_Sub-Himalayas\"><\/span>(iv) Shiwaliks or Sub-Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The outermost range of the Himalayas is the <strong>Shiwaliks,<\/strong> extending over a width of 10-50 km and ranging in altitude between 900 m and 1,200 m.<\/li><li>Composed of loose sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges, these valleys are covered with thick gravel and alluvium.<\/li><li>The Shiwaliks are known by various names in different regions, such as Jammu hills in Jammu, Shiwalik hills in Himachal Pradesh, and Miri, Dafla, Abor, and Mishmi hills in Arunachal Pradesh.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Dhang range, Dundwa range of Uttarakhand, and Churia Ghat hills of Nepal also form part of the Shiwaliks.<\/li><li>The Shiwaliks stand as the youngest among all the Himalayan ranges, forming after the Middle Himalayas. As they ascended, they obstructed the flow of rivers from the middle Himalayan ranges, creating temporary lakes where sediments brought down by the rivers were deposited.<\/li><li>As the Shiwaliks continued to rise, rivers carved through them, draining the lakes and leaving behind valleys and plains known as Duns in the West and Duars in Eastern India. Notable examples include Dehradun, Kotli Dun, and Patli Dun. The Jammu hills showcase extensive duns in Udhampur and Kotli, presenting a typical picturesque view.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"v_The_Purvanchal\"><\/span>(v) The Purvanchal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>After crossing the Dihang gorge, the Himalayas take a sudden southward turn, forming a series of comparatively low hills in a crescent shape with its convex side pointing towards the West. These hills are known as Purvanchal.<\/li><li>In the North, the Patkai Bum forms the international boundary between Arunachal Pradesh and Myanmar. Moving southwards, it merges with the Naga hills, followed by the Manipur hills, Mizo hills, and Lushai hills, all forming the boundary between Myanmar and India.<\/li><li>Mostly composed of strong sedimentary sandstones and covered with dense forests, the Purvanchal region includes the highest peak, Saramati Peak (3,826 m), in Nagaland. The highest point in the Mizo hills (Mizoram) is Blue Mountain, standing at 2,157 m. While comparatively lower than their Western counterparts, these hill ranges are formidable due to rough terrain, dense forests, and swift streams.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regional_Divisions_of_Himalayas\"><\/span>Regional Divisions of Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>On the basis of regional series, the Himalayan range can be divided into phases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"i_Punjab_Himalayas\"><\/span>(i) Punjab Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Existing in the westernmost part of the Himalayas, Punjab Himalayas extend from east to southeast for 560 km. Notable ranges include Zanskar range, Pir Panjal range, and Shiwalik range, including Ladakh, Dhaula Dhar, etc.<\/li><li>A significant portion of the Himalayas lies in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Himachal Pradesh, earning the region the names Kashmir Himalayas or Himachal Himalayas.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ii_Kumaun_Himalayas\"><\/span>(ii) Kumaun Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>With a higher general elevation than Punjab Himalayas, Kumaun Himalayas hosts important peaks like Nanda Devi, Badrinath, Karnet, Trishul, Kedarnath, and Gangotri. Its westernmost part is locally known as Garhwal<strong> Himalayas.<\/strong><\/li><li>Pilgrimage centers like Badrinath and Gangotri located in this section hold great religious importance for Hindus.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iii_Nepal_Himalayas\"><\/span>(iii) Nepal Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Covering most part of Nepal, this section is known as Nepal Himalayas, representing the tallest section of the Himalayas with some of the world&#8217;s highest peaks, including Mount Everest, Kangchenjunga, Lhotse, Makalu, Dhaulagiri, and Annapurna.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"iv_Assam_Himalayas\"><\/span>(iv) Assam Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Known as Assam Himalayas, this region&#8217;s area also encompasses Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Its southern slope is very steep, gradually decreasing in the west. Notable peaks in this region include Namcha Barwa, Kula Kangri, and Chomolhari.<\/li><li>These divisions have been demarcated by river valleys, discussed below:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Regional Division<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Located Between<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Distance (km)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Punjab Himalaya<\/td><td>Indus and Sutlej<\/td><td>560<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kumaun Himalaya<\/td><td>Sutlej and Kali<\/td><td>320<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nepal Himalaya<\/td><td>Kali and Tista<\/td><td>800<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Assam Himalaya<\/td><td>Tista and Dihang<\/td><td>750<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Significant_Features_of_Himalayas\"><\/span>Significant Features of Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Several distinctive features characterize the Himalayas, and some key aspects are highlighted below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Syntaxial_Bends_and_Off-shoots\"><\/span>Syntaxial Bends and Off-shoots:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The predominant East-West orientation of the Himalayan range encounters abrupt shifts at its Eastern and Western extremities, curving sharply southward. This sudden change is akin to a hairpin bend, marked by Syntaxial bends. From these points, extensions stretch further South, known as the<strong> off-shoots of the Himalayas.<\/strong><\/li><li>Western Syntaxial Bend: At the Western extremity, near Nanga Parbat, a distinct geological shift occurs as the terrain takes a sharp turn from the deep gorge of the Indus. Southwards from this bend, the<strong> North-West<\/strong> off-shoots emerge, including the Hazara, Sulaiman, Bugti, Kirthar, and Makran ranges within Pakistan.<\/li><li>Eastern Syntaxial Bend: In Arunachal Pradesh, the Eastern extremity witnesses a profound alteration in the mountains and tectonic alignment, transitioning from an Easterly to a Southerly direction. This bend is located near the Dihang Gorge of the Brahmaputra River. The areas beyond this bend comprise the North-East off-shoots, encompassing the Indo-Myanmar hills, Arakan Yoma, and the Tenasserim ranges.<\/li><li>These projections predominantly lie outside the borders of India, except the Purvanchal ranges.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>State\/UT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Features<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jammu and Kashmir<\/td><td><strong>Banihal Pass:<\/strong> Across Pir Panjal range at 2,832 m. Jawahar tunnel is located in it.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ladakh<\/td><td><strong>Daga Pass:<\/strong> Highest mountain pass in Ladakh. The Changla is on the route to Pangong lake from Leh.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ladakh<\/td><td><strong>Khardung La: This historically<\/strong> important pass on the major caravan route from Leh to Kashgar in Central Asia.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ladakh<\/td><td><strong>Fotu La:<\/strong> Mountain pass on the Srinagar-Leh highway in the Himalayas Zanskar range in India.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Name<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>State\/UT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Features<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Namika La<\/td><td>Ladakh<\/td><td>One of two high passes between Kargil and Leh. The other is even higher than the Fotu La pass.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Zoji La Pass<\/td><td>Ladakh<\/td><td>High mountain pass located on the Indian National Highway-1 between Srinagar and Leh in the Western sections of the mountain range.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Baralacha La<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><td>Highest mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh to Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Debsa Pass<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><td>High mountain pass in the Himalayan mountains between the Kullu and Spiti districts of Himachal Pradesh.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rohtang Pass<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><td>High mountain pass on Eastern Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas, around 51 km from Manali. The river Sutlej enters India through this pass.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shipki La<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><td>High mountain pass in the Himalaya connecting Sikkim in India with Tibet and China.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dongkhala<\/td><td>Sikkim<\/td><td>High mountain pass connecting the Indian state of Sikkim with China&#8217;s Tibet Autonomous region.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jelep La<\/td><td>Sikkim<\/td><td>High mountain pass between India and Tibet in East Sikkim district of Sikkim. The famous Menmecho lake lies below the Jelep La pass. It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China&#8217;s Tibet Autonomous region.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nathu La<\/td><td>Sikkim<\/td><td>High mountain pass in the Himalayas connecting Sikkim in India with Tibet and China.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lipulekh Pass<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><td>Himalayan pass connecting the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand in the Pithoragarh district in India with the old trading town of Taklakot in Tibet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mana Pass<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><td>Located within Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, it connects Uttarakhand and Tibet.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Traill&#8217;s Pass<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><td>Situated at the end of Pindari glacier, linking Pindari valley to Milan valley.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sela Pass<\/td><td>Arunachal Pradesh<\/td><td>Connects Tawang Town to Tezpur and Guwahati. It is the main road connecting Tawang with the rest of India.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Glaciers_of_the_Himalayan_Mountains\"><\/span>Important Glaciers of the Himalayan Mountains<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Located in Region<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Name of Glacier<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga-Everest<\/td><td>Slachen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Fedchen ko<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Hispar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Blafo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Baltoro<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chogo-Lungma<\/td><td>Rongbuk<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Khurdaplo LoLofand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Yarkand Rimo<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kumaon-Garhwal<\/td><td>Gangotri<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Godwin Austen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Pasu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chong Kumdan<\/td><td>Zemu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga<\/td><td>Milam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga<\/td><td>Chungpur<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga<\/td><td>To Lam Bau<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karakoram<\/td><td>Bhagirath Kharak<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga-Everest<\/td><td>Pir Panjal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga-Everest<\/td><td>Bara Shighi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pir Panjal<\/td><td>Sonapani<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pir Panjal<\/td><td>Rakhiot<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pir Panjal<\/td><td>Gangri<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kangchenjunga-Everest<\/td><td>Rambang<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparison_between_Western_and_Eastern_Himalayas\"><\/span>Comparison between Western and Eastern Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Comparison between Western and Eastern Himalayas<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Western Himalayas<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Eastern Himalayas<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>It lies to the West of 86\u00b0 E longitude between the Indus and the Kali rivers.<\/td><td>It lies to the East of 88\u00b0 E longitude between the Tista and the Brahmaputra rivers.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Geological Features<\/td><td>These rise gradually in a series of ranges starting from the sub-Himalayan hills of Jammu and Kashmir through Dhauladhar, Pir Panjal, Zanskar, Ladakh ranges upto Kailash and Karakoram ranges.<\/td><td>These rise abruptly from the plains of Bihar and West Bengal to the highest peaks of Everest and Kangchenjunga located quite close together.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Average Annual Rainfall<\/td><td>The average annual rainfall is less than 100 cm.<\/td><td>The average annual rainfall is more than 200 cm.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vegetation<\/td><td>Large tracts are covered with alpine and coniferous forests.<\/td><td>Dense evergreen forests.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Snowline<\/td><td>Snowline is in higher altitude (5,300m) lying Northwards, due to dryness.<\/td><td>Eastern Himalayas is nearer to the equator, still snowline is in lower altitude (4,500m) due to higher precipitation leading to more moisture and snowline formation.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Valleys_in_the_Himalayas\"><\/span>Valleys in the Himalayas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Valley<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Location<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Betab Valley<\/td><td>Jammu and Kashmir<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Markha Valley<\/td><td>Jammu and Kashmir<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nubra Valley<\/td><td>Jammu and Kashmir<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Suru Valley<\/td><td>Jammu and Kashmir<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bhagirathi Valley<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Darma Valley<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Johan Valley<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pindar Valley<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Saun Valley<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tons Valley<\/td><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Barak Valley<\/td><td>Assam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Neora Valley<\/td><td>Assam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chamba Valley<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sangla Valley<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Spiti Valley<\/td><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chumbi Valley<\/td><td>Tibet<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dzukou Valley<\/td><td>Nagaland<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yumthang Valley<\/td><td>Nagaland<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Great_Plains_of_North_India\"><\/span>The Great Plains of North India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The extensive plains in the northern part of India, also known as the Indus-Ganga Brahmaputra plain, stretch approximately 3200 km in length, with a width ranging from 150 km to 300 km. Originating in the<strong> Pleistocene<\/strong> and <strong>Holocene<\/strong> periods of the<strong> Neozoic<\/strong> or <strong>Quaternary<\/strong> era, these plains represent one of the most recent geographical features in India.<\/li><li>Formed through the narrowing and shallowing of the Tethys sea and the deposition of sediments from peninsular rivers, these almost featureless plains have a maximum elevation of 204 m and an average depth of 460 m. The Ambala region serves as the water divide, with rivers to its east draining into the <strong>Bay of Benga<\/strong>l and those to its west flowing into the Arabian Sea.<\/li><li>The Great Plains are further categorized into four regions based on the characteristics of alluvium, surface gradient, drainage channels, and regional traits:<ul><li><strong>Bhabar Region:<\/strong> Located along the foothills of the Shiwaliks from Indus to Tista without interruption, this region has a width of 8-16 km. Composed of stones and pebbles, it exhibits high porosity, causing rivers to vanish underground. Unsuitable for cultivation.<\/li><li><strong>Terai Region: <\/strong>Situated south of the Bhabar region (15-30 km), the Terai region features the re-emergence of underground streams from the Bhabar, leading to the formation of marshy areas. The river flow in this region is slow.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>This is a region of dense forests and high biological diversity. The extension of Terai region is more in the East as compared to the West due to high rainfall. It is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane, rice, and wheat.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_Between_Bhabar_and_Terai_Regions\"><\/span>Difference Between Bhabar and Terai Regions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Characteristics<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Bhabar<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Terai<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Location<\/td><td>Along Shiwalik foothills<\/td><td>South of Bhabar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Width<\/td><td>8-16 km<\/td><td>15-30 km<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alluvium<\/td><td>Pebble and finer<\/td><td>Comparatively finer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Water Flow<\/td><td>Streams disappear<\/td><td>Underground streams re-emerge<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Agriculture<\/td><td>Not much suitable<\/td><td>Most part reclaimed for agriculture<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Extent<\/td><td>Sindhu to Tista<\/td><td>Continuous from Bhabar surface<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Topography<\/td><td>Low-level plain<\/td><td>Swampy land, malaria-affected area<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Khadar Region <\/strong>It is made up of new alluvium. In this region, floods bring new alluvium every year. Khadar region is generally found in the delta regions. e.g., the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta spread in India and Bangladesh is a Khadar region. This area considered ideal for agriculture due to water availability. Rice, jute, wheat, sugarcane, etc., are grown here.<\/li><li><strong>Bhangar Region<\/strong> It is that higher part of the plains, where the flood water cannot reach. It is made up of old alluvium. It is often seen in the structure of a terrace formed above the flood plain along river beds. Kankar or calcareous deposits found here.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Difference_between_Khadar_and_Bhangar_Regions\"><\/span>Difference between Khadar and Bhangar Regions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Category<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Characteristics<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Khadar<\/td><td>New alluvium, floods almost every year<\/td><td>&#8211; Fertile clay soil<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>&#8211; Intensive agriculture practiced<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>&#8211; Called &#8220;Bet&#8221; in Punjab<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bhangar<\/td><td>Old alluvium, always above the level of floodplain<\/td><td>&#8211; Impregnated with calcareous concretions (Kankar)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>&#8211; Not suited for cultivation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><\/td><td><\/td><td>&#8211; Known as &#8220;Dhayas&#8221; in Punjab<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Regional_Division_of_Great_Plain_of_India\"><\/span>Regional Division of Great Plain of India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Based on regional division, the great Indian Plains can be divided into four parts<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/Zdk8nhKbdOq4oUt4sMQXmqR4Qzzitk8a3Wph3-gcYMWnbzcJprL-4R2i6Y2o2NYLQ01DXM7ID1dmp0OYfisYuAmhLGVBjtDVPhzy-e1n8ys6-HZ0gQ2C0tvpumNCmt4bMV9UBkC5GU_J3tZmMnjVpaI\" alt=\"Regional Division of Great Plain of India\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Regional Division of Great Plain of India<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Rajasthan_Plain\"><\/span>The Rajasthan Plain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The westernmost part of the extensive plains of India is occupied by the Thar, also known as the Great Indian Desert, spanning across Western Rajasthan and adjacent areas of Pakistan.<\/li><li>The desert stretches approximately 650 km in length and 250-300 km in width. The eastern segment of the Thar desert, up to the Aravalli range, forms a semi-arid plain referred to as the<strong> Rajasthan Bagar region.<\/strong><\/li><li>This region is irrigated by various short seasonal streams originating from the Aravalli and supports agriculture in specific fertile patches known as <strong>Rohi<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The area north of the Luni is called<strong> Thali<\/strong> or sandy plain. Beyond the Luni basin, there is a vast expanse of inland drainage on the eastern edge of the Thar desert, featuring several saline lakes such as Sambhar, Didwana, Degara, Kuchaman, Sargol, and Khatu. These lakes play a crucial role in the region&#8217;s geography.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Punjab-Haryana_Plain\"><\/span>Punjab-Haryana Plain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&nbsp;Transitioning from the Great Indian Desert, the fertile plains of Punjab and Haryana unfold to the east and northeast. The eastern boundary of this plain in Haryana is defined by the Yamuna River. Some areas of the plain exhibit a flat to slightly convex topography influenced by the subsurface Delhi-Aravalli ridge.<\/li><li>Depositional processes by rivers have been ongoing for a long time, connecting these doabs. However, this mass of alluvium is interrupted by bluffs, locally known as<strong> Dhayas.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><li>The Khadar belt, also known as<strong> Bet lands,<\/strong> is agriculturally valuable but prone to intermittent flooding, forming short streams on the northern edge of the plain.<\/li><li>The part of the plain formed by the alluvial deposits of five rivers\u2014Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum\u2014is known as the Punjab plain, the land of five rivers. It primarily consists of doabs, arranged from East to West as follows:<ul><li><strong>Bist-Jalandhar Doab<\/strong>, lying between the Beas and the Sutlej.<\/li><li><strong>Bari Doab<\/strong>, between the Beas and the Ravi.<\/li><li><strong>Rechna Doab,<\/strong> between the Ravi and the Chenab.<\/li><li><strong>Chaj Doab<\/strong>, between the Chenab and the Jhelum.<\/li><li><strong>Sindh Sagar Doab, <\/strong>between the Jhelum-Chenab and the Indus (currently in Pakistan).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ganga_Plain\"><\/span>Ganga Plain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This is the largest unit of the great plain of India. Depending on its geological variations, this plain can be further subdivided into the following three divisions:<ul><li><strong>Upper Ganga Plain: C<\/strong>omprising the upper part of the Ganga plain, this area is delimited by the 300 m contour in the Shiwaliks in the North, the peninsular body in the South, and the course of the Yamuna river in the West.<\/li><li><strong>Middle Ganga Plain: <\/strong>To the East of the upper Ganga plain lies the middle Ganga plain, occupying the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This plain is drained by the Ghaghara, Gandak, and Kosi rivers.<\/li><li><strong>Lower Ganga Plain: <\/strong>Some districts of Bihar and the whole of West Bengal are part of this plain. The northern part of this plain has been formed by sediment deposited by the Tista, Jaldhakia, and Torsa rivers. Additionally, this area is marked by a barren plain, a tract of old alluvium between the host-Mahananda corridor in the West and the river Sankosh in the East.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-csat-test-series?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=CSAT+Test+Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42415 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-csat-test-series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UPSC CSAT Test Series<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Brahmaputra_Plain\"><\/span>Brahmaputra Plain<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The western boundary of these plains is formed by the Indo-Bangladesh border and the boundary of the lower Ganga plain. The Brahmaputra river enters this plain near Sadiya and flows further to Bangladesh after turning Southwards near Dhubri. There are large marshy tracts in this region.<\/li><li>Southern tributaries of the Brahmaputra also have a meandering course and a good number of hills and oxbow lakes due to braided channels.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Peninsular_Plateau\"><\/span>The Peninsular Plateau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Covering an area of about 16 lakh sq km, the peninsular uplands form the largest physiographic division of India.<\/li><li>It is a part of the ancient Gondwana land and is triangular in shape. With a general elevation between 600-900 m, the region constitutes an irregular triangle with its base lying between the Delhi ridge in the West and Rajmahal hills in the East, with a part of its northern portion buried under the alluvium of the Ganga and Yamuna.<\/li><li>It is bounded by the Aravallis in the Northwest, Hazaribagh and Rajmahal in the Northeast, the Western Ghats (Sahyadri) in the West, and the Eastern Ghats in the East. Its North-South extension is 1600 km, and East-West extension is 1400 km. The Peninsular Plateau is called the plateau of plateaus since it is composed of various smaller plateaus like the Central Highlands, Eastern Plateau, Northeastern<strong> Plateau, Deccan Plateau, etc.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Central_Highlands\"><\/span>The Central Highlands<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The central highlands are bounded to the West by the Aravalli range. The Satpura range demarcates its boundary in the South from the Deccan Plateau.<\/li><li>An eastern extension of the central highlands is formed by the Rajmahal hills. The general elevation ranges between 700-1000 m above the mean sea level. It slopes towards the North and Northeastern directions. The following areas are included under the central highlands.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Aravalli_Range\"><\/span>The Aravalli Range<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>It runs North-East to South-West for 800 km from Delhi through Rajasthan to Palanpur in Gujarat.<\/li><li>These are the <strong>relict mountains<\/strong> representing one of the world&#8217;s oldest highlands formed as a result of folding process in <strong>Archaean times.<\/strong><\/li><li>It has a lower elevation between Delhi and Ajmer, where it is characterised by a chain of discontinuous ranges.<\/li><li>These mountains are deeply worn down and eroded, running in a North-East to South-West axis.<\/li><li>The rivers in the Aravallis uplands include the Mahi, Luni, Jojari, Bandi and Sukri. The general height of this range varies between 400-1300 m.<\/li><li><strong>Guru Shikhar (1722 m<\/strong>) is the highest peak of the range, located in Abu hills of Rajasthan. Barr, Piplighat, Dewari and Desuri are some of the passes associated with this range. The surface features include sanddunes called Barkhan<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/btv2Av1RY2EOXQiPGMasar0uuJd3Y3h2kw_LGKUOtxGLfiZmMdWkF8BjXiGJia7fZYaB1nGasHkdbdMwUfnSDBUnkcEqtu-OXdd7WG1QOTiyk81pL9Dp_cBipnSDRGw0npmiwJheS7qqLOMpPlSm5Sg\" alt=\"INDIA Relief Features of Peninsula\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>INDIA Relief Features of Peninsula<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Mewar_Plateau\"><\/span>The Mewar Plateau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Mewar Plateau, situated in Eastern Rajasthan, boasts an average elevation ranging from 250 to 500 meters above sea level. Erosional activity from the Banas River and its tributaries gives the plateau the appearance of a rolling plain. In Northern Madhya Pradesh, this plateau forms a triangular shape and exhibits two drainage systems. Rivers like Mahi and Narmada flow through it and eventually reach the Arabian Sea, while rivers like Chambal and Betwa traverse it, joining Yamuna before flowing into the Bay of Bengal.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bundelkhand_and_Baghelkhand_Uplands\"><\/span>Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand Uplands<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand Uplands lie to the South of the Yamuna River along the border region of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Bundelkhand covers five districts of Uttar Pradesh and four districts of Madhya Pradesh. Baghelkhand, positioned Southeast of the Bundelkhand region, is primarily composed of limestones and sandstones. Rounded hummocky hills made of granite and sandstone dykes create a natural site for water storage.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Vindhyan_Ranges\"><\/span>The Vindhyan Ranges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Vindhyan Ranges, extending in a West-East direction from Jobat in Gujarat to Sasaram in Bihar for 1200 km, run parallel to the Narmada rift valley. With a general elevation of 400-700 meters, this range consists of horizontal beds of sedimentary rocks. Serving as a watershed between North-flowing rivers of the Ganga system and peninsular rivers, it continues Eastwards as Bharner Hills and Kaimur Hills.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Satpura_Ranges\"><\/span>The Satpura Ranges<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Satpura Ranges, an example of a block mountain, consists of seven mountains running in the East-West direction between the Narmada and Tapi rivers. Stretching about 900 km, it begins from the Rajpipla hills in the West through the Mahadeo hills to the Maikal range.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Eastern_Plateau\"><\/span>The Eastern Plateau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Eastern Plateau encompasses various regions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Chhotanagpur_Plateau\"><\/span>The Chhotanagpur Plateau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Chhotanagpur Plateau, situated East of Baghelkhand in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal, boasts an average elevation of 700 meters. Rich in minerals, it witnesses large-scale mining activities for iron, manganese, coal, uranium, and more. The plateau features a radial drainage pattern, with the Damodar River valley renowned for its coal deposits.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chhattisgarh_BasinMahandi_Basin\"><\/span>Chhattisgarh Basin\/Mahandi Basin<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chhattisgarh Basin\/Mahandi Basin, covering Chhattisgarh and Odisha, formed through subsidence. The basin is drained by rivers like Mahanadi and its tributaries, hosting major coalfields like the Korba coalfield.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dandakaranya_Plateau\"><\/span>Dandakaranya Plateau&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dandakaranya Plateau spans an area of 39,060 sq km across Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. Although infertile, it is mineral-rich, with the Baster region holding tin deposits. The plateau serves as the origin point of the Indravati River, a tributary of the Godavari.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_North-Eastern_Plateau\"><\/span>The North-Eastern Plateau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The North-Eastern Plateau, an extension of the main peninsular plateau, includes the <strong>Meghalaya Plateau<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This Eastern extension is separated by the <strong>Rajmahal-Garo Gap <\/strong>or Malda Gap and comprises the Garo Hills in the West, Khasi-Jaintia Hills in the center, and Mikir Hills in the East.<\/li><li>The major<strong> tribal groups<\/strong> residing in the Meghalaya plateau are Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia. The presence of laterite soil in this region is attributed to abundant rainfall, and Shillong (1961 m) stands as the highest point on the plateau.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Deccan_Plateau\"><\/span>The Deccan Plateau<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Deccan Plateau, extending in a triangular shape, encompasses various regions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deccan_Trap\"><\/span>Deccan Trap:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Predominantly found in the Deccan plateau, covering areas such as Saurashtra, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Goa.<\/li><li>The River Godavari originates from this region.<\/li><li>Characterized by black or regur soil, suitable for cotton cultivation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Karnataka_Plateau\"><\/span>Karnataka Plateau:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located at the southern part of the Deccan plateau, covering the entire Karnataka except for a small portion in the northeast.<\/li><li>Composed mainly of lava-origin rocks, including gneisses and schists.<\/li><li>The Karnataka plateau exhibits a general elevation of 400-800 m in the north and 900-1100 m in the south.<\/li><li>Noteworthy features include Maidan and Malnad, with<strong> Malnad b<\/strong>eing a densely forested highland with hills, including the <strong>Baba-budan<\/strong> hill, rich in iron ore. <strong>Maidan<\/strong> is a rolling plateau surface of generally low relief.<\/li><li>Dominated by the Western Ghats, which stretch continuously to the southern tip of the peninsula.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Andhra_Plateau\"><\/span>Andhra Plateau:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Encompasses the Rayalaseema plateau and Telangana plateau.<\/li><li>Rayalaseema plateau lies to the south of the Krishna basin, while Telangana plateau lies to the north.<\/li><li>The southern part of the Telangana plateau is a fertile area.<\/li><li>Kolleru lake, one of the largest freshwater lakes in India, is situated here.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Southern_Hills\"><\/span>The Southern Hills:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>South of Nilgiri, Anaimalai, and Cardamom hills are considered separate from the ghats, characterized by crystalline laterite constructs called <strong>Charnockites.<\/strong><\/li><li>These regions are high-rainfall evergreen forest areas.<\/li><li><strong>Anamudi<\/strong> (2,695 m) in the Anaimalai hills is the highest peak in Southern India, along with Dodabetta (2,637 m) in the Nilgiri hills.<\/li><li>Cardamom hills, the southernmost, extend up to Kanyakumari and are renowned for the cultivation of cardamom and spices.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Hills<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Location<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nilgiri Hills<\/td><td>Kerala, Tamil Nadu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Anaimalai Hills<\/td><td>Kerala, Tamil Nadu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cardamom Hills<\/td><td>Kerala, Tamil Nadu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Palani Hills<\/td><td>Tamil Nadu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shevaroy Hills<\/td><td>Tamil Nadu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Javadi Hills<\/td><td>Tamil Nadu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Palkonda Hills<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Velikonda Hills<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nallamala Hills<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Western_Ghats_or_Sahyadris\"><\/span>The Western Ghats or Sahyadris:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Form the western edge of the Deccan plateau and run parallel to the western coast.<\/li><li>Serve as a continuous water divide, spanning 1600 km from Maharashtra to Kanyakumari.<\/li><li>Average width varies from 50 km in the north to about 300 km in the south.<\/li><li>Composed of lava deposits up to 16\u00ba N latitude, with an average elevation of 900-1600 m.<\/li><li>Important peaks include Kalsubai (1646 m), Salher (1567 m), Mahabaleshwar (1424 m) in Maharashtra, and <strong>Kudremukh<\/strong> (1892 m) in Karnataka.<\/li><li>Significant passes facilitating movement between the western coastal plains and the rest of the country are Bhor Ghat, Thalghat, and Palghat.<\/li><li>Palghat Gap separates the Nilgiri hills in the South from the Anaimalai hills. The meeting point of the Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats is at the Nilgiris.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Godavari, Bhima, and Krishna rivers originate near Mahabaleshwar and form estuaries. The Western Ghats mountain range is renowned for its rich biodiversity, leading to its declaration as a UNESCO &#8216;World <strong>Heritage Site&#8217; in 2012.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eastern_Ghats\"><\/span>Eastern Ghats:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Discontinuous and irregular, dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal.<\/li><li>Average height ranges from 900-1100 m.<\/li><li>The Eastern Ghats are lower than the Western Ghats due to the large rivers like Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Mahanadi, etc.<\/li><li>Lack structural unity or a well-defined layout, with Nallamala, Velikondas, Palkondas, and Pachmalais in the North, Cuddapah ranges in the Middle, and Tamil Nadu hill in the South.<\/li><li>Average elevation is 600 m, stretching from the South of Mahanadi valley to the Nilgiris in the South.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arma_Konda_1680_m\"><\/span>Arma Konda (1680 m)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>At the Andhra-Odisha border, it is the highest peak of Eastern ghats. Other important peaks include Mahendragiri (1501 m) in Odisha, Gali Konda (1643 m), etc. It is a continuous range from South of Mahanadi to Godavari.<\/li><li>They continue South of the Krishna river in the form of highly dissected hills from North to South in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu as Nallamala hills, Palkonda range, Velikondat range, Javadi hills and Shevaroy hills only to confluence with Western ghats at Nilgiri hills. <strong>Khondalites<\/strong> are predominantly found in Eastern ghats.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Comparatively_broader_and_do_not_form_a_continuous_water_divide\"><\/span>Comparatively broader and do not form a continuous water divide.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Western_Ghats\"><\/span>Western Ghats:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Runs parallel to the Western coast in a North-South direction from the Tapi river to Kanyakumari.<\/li><li>Stands like a continuous wall and can be crossed only through passes.<\/li><li>Source of many large rivers.<\/li><li>Almost perpendicular to the monsoon, causing heavy rainfall in the West coastal plain.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eastern_Ghats-2\"><\/span>Eastern Ghats:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Runs in North-East to South-West, parallel to the Eastern coast from Odisha to the Nilgiri hills.<\/li><li>The average elevation is 900-1100 m, with an average width of 50 to 80 km.<\/li><li>Divided into several parts by large rivers.<\/li><li>Exhibits structural unity.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mountain_Passes_in_Peninsular_India\"><\/span>Mountain Passes in Peninsular India:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Goran Ghat:<\/strong> Located in the Aravalli hills, joining the city of Udaipur with Sirohi in Rajasthan.<\/li><li><strong>Haldi Ghat:<\/strong> Located in the Aravalli hills, connecting Rajas with Pali district in Rajasthan.<\/li><li><strong>Thal Ghat:<\/strong> Located in the Sahyadri range, linking Nashik with Mumbai. The NH-3 and the Bhopal-Indore railway line pass through it.<\/li><li><strong>Bhor Ghat:<\/strong> Located in the Western Ghats, connecting Mumbai with Pune.<\/li><li><strong>Palghat: <\/strong>Located in the Western Ghats, joining Coimbatore with Kochi and Kozhikode, forming the confluence between Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The river Gayatri flows through it.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Indian_Desert\"><\/span>The Indian Desert:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Great Indian Desert<strong> (Thar desert)<\/strong> lies to the North-West of the Aravalli hills, extending up to 640 km in length and 300 km in width.<\/li><li>Spreads across four states: Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Gujarat.<\/li><li>Characterized by undulating topography with longitudinal <strong>dunes <\/strong>and <strong>barkhans<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Experiences arid climate due to very low rainfall (below 100 cm) in the region known as <strong>Marusthali<\/strong> and semi-arid climate known as<strong> Bagar.<\/strong><\/li><li>The semi-arid landscape with shifting sand dunes, locally known as Dhrian, is characteristic of the land. Saline-soaked areas, referred to as Ragar, are found in these regions and are drained by short streams originating from the Aravalli.<\/li><li>To the south of Jaisalmer, these lakes are known as Ranns, and numerous depressions occupied by alkaline lakes are called Dhands. Fertile tracks found in the Bagar region are locally known as Rohi.<\/li><li>The longitudinal sand dunes are known as Bhits. The underlying rock structure of the desert is an extension of the peninsular plateau, but the surface features have been covered by physical weathering and wind action due to the extreme arid conditions in this region.<\/li><li><strong>The Great Indian Desert can be divided into two parts:<\/strong> the northern part slopes towards Sindh, and the southern part slopes towards the Rann and Kutch. The Rann of Kutch is famous for its white salty desert sand. Most of the rivers in this region are ephemeral, with the Luni being one of the most important rivers. The Sambhar, the Kuchaman, and the Didwana are important lakes in the north of the Luni.<\/li><li>This desert is renowned as the world&#8217;s wealthiest desert because it is the largest producer of wool globally, and it abounds in minerals like gypsum and kaolin.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Coastal_Plains\"><\/span>The Coastal Plains<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The peninsular plateau is surrounded by narrow coastal strips along the Arabian Sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east, forming the Western and Eastern coastal plains based on different characteristics.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Western_Coastal_Plains\"><\/span>Western Coastal Plains:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An example of a submerged coastal plain, the Western coastal plains have a narrow alluvial margin interspersed with hilly terrain. The plain widens out south of Karwar. The Konkan Plains, Karnataka Coastal Plains, Malabar Coastal Plains, and Gujarat Coastal Plains constitute its four sections.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The Konkan plains<\/strong>, extending from Daman to Goa, feature marine erosion and several islands. The Karnataka plains stretch from Goa to Mangalore and are known for their fertility. The Malabar plains between Mangalore and Kanyakumari are low-lying with extensive lagoons and backwaters. The Gujarat coast extends from the Rann of Kutch to Kathiawar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eastern_Coastal_Plains\"><\/span>Eastern Coastal Plains:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Broader than the Western coastal plain, the Eastern coastal plain is an emergent coast with well-developed deltas formed by rivers flowing eastward into the Bay of Bengal. Its average width is 120 km, and it has fertile land due to the deposition of alluvium in coastal areas.&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, it has fewer ports and harbors due to its emergent nature. Notable locations include the Chilika lake and Pulicat lake.<\/li><li><strong>Northern Circars <\/strong>rivers, including the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri, have given rise to expansive deltas along the coast, encompassing the coastal areas of Odisha. The Mahanadi, in particular, forms a delta with a thick layer of fine alluvium.<\/li><li><strong>Coromandel Coast<\/strong>, situated south of Northern Circars, extends along the Tamil Nadu coast, covering an area of 23,000 sq km. These plains constitute a fertile stretch, supporting the cultivation of a variety of crops.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Differences_Between_Western_and_Eastern_Coastal_Plains\"><\/span>Differences Between Western and Eastern Coastal Plains:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Western_Coastal_Plains-2\"><\/span><strong>Western Coastal Plains<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea coast.<\/li><li>Narrow plain with an average width of 64 km.<\/li><li>Drained by several short and swift streams that are unable to form deltas.<\/li><li>Lagoons are comparatively less in this plain.<\/li><li>It has an indented coast that supports many ports.<\/li><li>Submerged coast with no scope for depositional action of rivers.<\/li><li>Most of the emergent type characterized by offshore, fine sea beaches, sand ridges, and lagoons.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eastern_Coastal_Plains-2\"><\/span><strong>Eastern Coastal Plains<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal coast.<\/li><li>Comparatively broader with an average width of 80-100 km.<\/li><li>Big rivers like the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri have formed large deltas.<\/li><li>The Eastern plain has more or less a straight coast where good ports are lacking.<\/li><li>There are several lagoons, especially in the southern part of this plain.<\/li><li>The Western plain has an indented coast that supports many ports.<\/li><li>Emergent type is characterized by offshore, fine sea beaches, sand ridges, and lagoons.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Islands\"><\/span>The Islands:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Island_Groups\"><\/span><strong>Island Groups<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lakshadweep Islands<\/li><li>Andaman and Nicobar Islands<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Islands\"><\/span><strong>Other Islands<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sriharikota<\/li><li>Pamban Island<\/li><li>&nbsp;New Moore Island<\/li><li>Abdul Kalam Island (Wheeler Island)<\/li><li>Buochoq axent. Majuli Island (River&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lakshadweep_Islands\"><\/span>Lakshadweep Islands<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The main island group lying close to the Malabar coast of Kerala.<\/li><li>Comprises 36 islands, with those north of 11\u00b0 N latitude known as <strong>Amindivi islands <\/strong>and those south as <strong>Cannanore islands.<\/strong><\/li><li>Covering a small area of 32 sq km.<\/li><li>Most islands have low elevation, not rising more than 5 m above sea level.<\/li><li><strong>Kavaratti island <\/strong>serves as the administrative headquarters.<\/li><li>Separated by Minicoy islands through the 9\u00b0 <strong>channel<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Andaman_and_Nicobar_Islands\"><\/span>Andaman and Nicobar Islands<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Formed by the extension of the tertiary mountain chains of<strong> Arakan Yoma.<\/strong><\/li><li>Equatorial climate with a thick forest cover.<\/li><li>Divided into two categories: the Andamans in the north and the Nicobars in the south.<\/li><li>The Andaman islands are sub-divided into four major groups: North <strong>Andaman, Middle<\/strong> Andaman, South Andaman, and Little Andaman.<\/li><li>The highest peak is <strong>Saddle peak<\/strong>, and the capital,<strong> Port Blair,<\/strong> is located on the eastern coast of South Andaman.<\/li><li>Barren Island and Narcondam Island, located north of Port Blair, are volcanic islands.<\/li><li>Duncan Pass is found between South Andaman and Little Andaman.<\/li><li>The largest island in the Nicobar group is Great Nicobar, covering an area of 1045 sq km, while the smallest is Pilo Milow Island, with a size of 1.35 sq km. The highest peak in the Nicobar group is Mount Thullier, reaching 642 m. The 6 Channel separates Great Nicobar from Sumatra.<\/li><li>The Andaman and Nicobar Islands boast 6 national parks and 40 small ports. The southernmost point of India, &#8216;Indira Point,&#8217; is located south of Great Nicobar and got submerged due to the Tsunami in 2004. Various tribes, including Jarawas, Onges, Shompens, etc., inhabit these islands.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Islands-2\"><\/span>Other Islands:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sriharikota<\/strong> A barrier island off the Bay of Bengal coast, situated in the SHAR project (Sriharikota Range) settlement of Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh. Home to the rocket launching station of ISRO (SHAR).<\/li><li><strong>Pamban Island <\/strong>Also known as Ram&#8217;s Bridge or Rama Setu, it lies between Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar. Geologically connecting India and Sri Lanka.<\/li><li><strong>New Moore Island<\/strong> A small uninhabited offshore island in the Bay of Bengal, off the coast of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta region. Emerged in the Bay of Bengal after the Bhola cyclone in 1970.<\/li><li><strong>Abdul Kalam Island (Wheeler Island)<\/strong> Formerly known as Wheeler Island, it is an island off the coast of Odisha, India, approximately 150 km east of the state capital Bhubaneswar.<\/li><li><strong>Majuli Island<\/strong> The world&#8217;s largest river island located on the Brahmaputra River in Assam. Spreads over an extensive area of 352 sq km.<\/li><li>Formed by the Brahmaputra River in the south and the Kherkutia Xuti joined by the Subansiri River in the north.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_Facts\"><\/span>Prelims Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Which mountain range is the youngest range in India? &#8211; Himadri Range<strong><em> (UPPSC (Pre) 2020<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The Himalayas are formed of Parallel fold ranges, of the oldest range is The Great Himalayan Range <strong><em>[IAS (Pre) 1994]&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>In which part of Himalayan is &#8216;Karewa&#8217; land found Kashmir Himalaya [<strong><em>MPPSC (Pre) 2019] &#8211;<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The flat plains along the Sub-himalayan region in North India are called -Bhabar<strong><em> (UPPSC (Pre) 2007]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The foothills region of Himalayas are known as &#8211; Shivalik<strong><em> (BPSC (Pre) 1999, BPSC (Pre) 2012]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Shivalik hills are part of which area? Himalaya<strong><em> (MPPSC (Pre) 2013)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The Shivalik series was formed in which period? &#8211; Cenozoic Period<strong><em> [BPSC (Pre) 2007]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Between which ranges the valley of Kashmir is located &#8211; Zaskar and Pir Panja<strong><em>l (WBCS (Pre) 2021)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What is the name of highest mountain peak in India? &#8211; Kangchenjunga<strong><em> [APSC (Pre) 2015]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>which mountain range is found between the Karakoram mountain range and Pir Panjal mountain range? &#8211; Zaskar mountain range<strong><em> (MPSC (Pre) 2021]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Mount Kailash is situated in which area of South Asia &#8211; Tibet <strong><em>[JPSC (Pre) 2021]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Lesser Himalaya is also known as middle Himalayas, is Located between Shivalik and Great Himalaya<strong><em> [UKPSC (Pre) 2006]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The mountain range lying between India and Myanmar is Lushai <strong><em>[WBCS (Pre) 2018]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The South of &#8216;Shivalik&#8217; rock series, Bhabar region is an example of &#8211; Piedmont Situation <strong><em>[UPPSC (Pre) 1994) (MPSC (Pre) 2016]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>Nanda Devi Peak forms part of which Himalayas &#8211; Garhwal Himalayas<strong><em> [MPPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>In which state is the Guru Shikhar peak located? &#8211; Rajasthan<strong><em> [IAS (Pre) 2007]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>The altitude of Shivalik peaks fall in between what \u2022 meters -850-1200 mts <strong><em>[UKPSC (Pre) 2011]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What is the sequence of mountain peaks from East to West &#8211; Kangchenjunga, Everest, Annapurna and Dhaulagiri<strong><em> [UKPSC (Pre) 2014]<\/em><\/strong><\/li><li>What is the highest peak in the Aravalli range Guru Shikhar<strong><em> [RAS\/RTS (Pre) 2012, Nagaland PSC (Pre) 2015<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Concerning_the_Himalayan_range_which_of_the_statements_isare_correct_UPPSC_Pre_2019\"><\/span>1. Concerning the Himalayan range, which of the statements) is\/are correct? UPPSC (Pre) 2019<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. The sedimentary rocks of the greater Himalayas were fossil less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Marine living folios are found in the sedimentary rocks of the lesser Himalayas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Remains of human civilization are found in the outer of the Shiwalik Himalayas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer by using the codes given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Which_one_of_the_following_sequences_of_the_Himalayan_ranges_from_South_to_North_is_correct_WBSC_Pre_2011\"><\/span>2. Which one of the following sequences of the Himalayan ranges from South to North is correct? WBSC (Pre) 2011<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Karakoram &#8211; Ladakh &#8211; Zaskar &#8211; Pir Panjal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Ladakh &#8211; Zaskar &#8211; Pir Panjal &#8211; Karakoram<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Zaskar &#8211; Pir Panjal &#8211; Karakoram &#8211; Ladakh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Pir Panjal &#8211; Zaskar &#8211; Ladakh &#8211; Karakoram<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Consider_the_following_relief_features_IPSC_Pre_2013\"><\/span>3. Consider the following relief features. IPSC (Pre) 2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Zaskar range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Dhauladhar range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Ladakh range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Karakoram range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The correct south-to-northward sequence of the above relief features is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 2, 1, 3, 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 4, 3, 2, 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 2, 3, 4, 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(d) 4, 2, 1, 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Consider_the_following_statements_IAS_Pre_2023\"><\/span>4. Consider the following statements IAS (Pre) 2023<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Amarkantak hills are at the confluence of Vindhya and Sahyadri ranges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Biligirirangan hills constitute the Easternmost part of Satpura range.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Seshachalam hills constitute the Southernmost part of Western Ghats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only one<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only two<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) All three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) None of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Siachen_Glacier_is_situated_to_the_IAS_Pre_2020\"><\/span>5 Siachen Glacier is situated to the. IAS (Pre) 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) East of Aksai Chin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) East of Leh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) North of Gilgit<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) North of Nubra Valley<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Consider_the_following_pairs\"><\/span>6. Consider the following pairs.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Glaciers&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Rivers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Bandarpunch &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Yamuna<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Bara Shigri&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Chenab<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Milam&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Mandakini<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Siachen &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Nubral<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5. Zemu&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Manas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1,2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1,3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 2 and 5&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 3 and 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Assertion_A_The_Gangetic_Plain_is_the_most_densely_populated_part_of_India\"><\/span>7. Assertion (A) The Gangetic Plain is the most densely populated part of India.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reason_R_Ganga_is_the_most_widely_used_river_in_India\"><\/span>Reason (R) Ganga is the most widely used river in India.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) A is true, but R is false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) A is false, but Ris true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8. The most extensive geomorphic region of India is<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Southern plateau<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Northern plains<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Northern mountains&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) the Coastal plains<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Which_among_the_following_statements_about_the_Peninsular_Plateau_of_India_isare_correct\"><\/span>9. Which among the following statements about the Peninsular Plateau of India is\/are correct?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. The plateau of the South is mainly composed of granite and gneiss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. The Deccan lava plateau is a raised plateau, which is made up of horizontally configured sheets of lava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. The Malwa plateau rises above Vindhyas and forms the Eastern side of the plateau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. The Basin of Narmada and Tappi falls between the Vindhya and Satpura ranges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1, 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Only 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Dodda_Betta_peak_is_situated_in\"><\/span>10. Dodda Betta peak is situated in<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) the Vindhya range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) the Satpura range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) An malai hille<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Nilgiri hills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_In_which_district_the_major_portion_of_the_Chhuri_hills_is_distributed_CGPSC_Pre_2022\"><\/span>11 In which district, the major portion of the Chhuri hills is distributed? CGPSC (Pre) 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Korba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Mungeli<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(C) Bilaspur<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Kabirdham<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Which_of_the_following_hills_are_present_where_the_Eastern_ghats_and_Western_ghats_meet_UKPSC_Pre_2022\"><\/span>12. Which of the following hills are present where the Eastern ghats and Western ghats meet? UKPSC (Pre) 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Nilgiri hills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Cardamom hills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Anaimalai hills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Sahyadri hills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Consider_the_following_relief_features_JPSC_Pre_2016\"><\/span>13. Consider the following relief features. JPSC (Pre) 2016<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Mahadeo range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Maikal range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Ch hotanagepur plateau<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Khasi hills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The correct West to Eastward sequence of the above relief features is&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1, 2, 3, 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 4, 3, 2, 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 2, 3, 4, 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 1, 3, 2, 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_The_Western_ghats_is_an_important_mountain_system_of_the_West_coast_of_India_the_word_ghat_means_WBCS_Pre_2017\"><\/span>14. The Western ghats is an important mountain system of the West coast of India. the word ghat means WBCS (Pre) 2017<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) port<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) stair<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) thrust<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d) gap or pass<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Match_List_I_with_List_II_and_select_the_correct_answer_by_using_the_codes_given_below_the_lists\"><\/span>15. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer by using the codes given below the lists.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>List I (Mountain Passes)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>List II (States)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>A. Bomi Di La<\/td><td>1. Arunachal Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>B. Jelep La<\/td><td>2. Himachal Pradesh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C. Muling La<\/td><td>3. Sikkim<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D. Shipki La<\/td><td>4. Uttarakhand<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a) 1 2 3 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) 1 3 4 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c) 4 3 2 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>d) 3 1 4 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_Which_one_of_the_following_Passes-StatesU_I_is_correctly_matched_UPPSC_Pre_2023\"><\/span>16 Which one of the following Passes-States\/U. I) is correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2023<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Niti-Uttarakhand<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Aghil-Arunachal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(C) Mana-Himachal Pradesh&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Diphu-Ladakh Pradesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"17_Which_of_the_following_states_has_longest_coast_line_of_India_UPPSC_Pre_2018\"><\/span>17. Which of the following states has longest coast line of India? UPPSC (Pre) 2018<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Andhra Pradesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Gujarat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Tamil Nadu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Kerala<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"18_Kori_Creek_lies_in_UPPSC_Mains_200811\"><\/span>18. Kori Creek lies in UPPSC (Mains) 2008,11<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Gulf of Kutch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Gulf of Khambhat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Little Rann of Kutch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Rann of Kutch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19_10%C2%B0_channel_separates_UPPSC_Pre_2005_IAS_Pre_2014\"><\/span>19. 10\u00b0 channel separates UPPSC (Pre) 2005, IAS (Pre) 2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Andman from Nicobar islands<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Andaman from Myanmar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) India from Sri Lanka<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Lakshadweep from Maldives<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"20_Consider_the_following_statements_IAS_Pre_2018\"><\/span>20. Consider the following statements. IAS (Pre) 2018<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. The Barren island volcano is an active volcano located in the Indian Territory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Barren island lies about 140 km East of Great Nicobar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. The last time the Barren island volcano erupted was in 1991 and it has remained inactive since then.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statements) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Only 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_Which_of_the_following_is_a_coral_island_WBCS_Pre_2018\"><\/span>21. Which of the following is a coral island? WBCS (Pre) 2018<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) New Moore<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Car Nicobar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Andaman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Lakshadweep<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_Which_of_the_following_island_is_not_a_part_of_Lakshadweep_island_UKPSC_Pre_2022\"><\/span>22. Which of the following island is not a part of Lakshadweep island? UKPSC (Pre) 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Tillanchong<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Agatti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Kavaratti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Kalpeni<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9 \u00a9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15(b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>18 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>21 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>22 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_is_it_essential_to_study_the_physiography_of_India_for_UPSC_preparation\"><\/span><strong>Q: Why is it essential to study the physiography of India for UPSC preparation?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> Understanding the physiography of India is crucial for UPSC preparation because it forms the basis for various aspects of the country&#8217;s geography. The landscape influences climate, agriculture, biodiversity, and even socio-economic patterns. A solid grasp of India&#8217;s physiography aids in comprehending regional disparities, resource distribution, and the overall geographical context, which is vital for the Civil Services Examination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Which_NCERT_books_are_recommended_for_studying_the_physiography_of_India_for_UPSC\"><\/span><strong>Q: Which NCERT books are recommended for studying the physiography of India for UPSC?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> The recommended NCERT books for studying the physiography of India for UPSC include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Class 6: &#8220;Geography &#8211; The Earth Our Habitat&#8221;<\/li><li>Class 9: &#8220;Contemporary India &#8211; I&#8221;<\/li><li>Class 11: &#8220;Fundamentals of Physical Geography&#8221;<\/li><li>Class 11: &#8220;India Physical Environment&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_the_major_physiographic_divisions_of_India_and_their_characteristics\"><\/span><strong>Q: What are the major physiographic divisions of India and their characteristics?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> India can be broadly divided into the following physiographic divisions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Himalayan Region: Characterized by young fold mountains, high peaks, and deep valleys.<\/li><li>The Northern Plains: Formed by the deposition of alluvium brought by major rivers, such as the Ganges and the Brahmaputra.<\/li><li>The Peninsular Plateau: A tableland composed of ancient crystalline rocks with varied relief features.<\/li><li>The Indian Desert: Located in western India, characterized by arid conditions.<\/li><li>The Coastal Plains: Divided into the Western Coastal Plains and the Eastern Coastal Plains, featuring diverse landscapes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_does_the_physiography_of_India_influence_its_climate\"><\/span><strong>Q: How does the physiography of India influence its climate?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> The physiography of India significantly influences its climate. For example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Himalayas act as a barrier to the cold winds from Central Asia, influencing the climate of northern India.<\/li><li>The Western Ghats block the southwest monsoon, leading to heavy rainfall on the windward side (western coast) and a rain shadow on the leeward side (eastern Deccan).<\/li><li>The Thar Desert in the northwest experiences extreme temperatures due to its arid physiography.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_does_the_knowledge_of_Indias_physiography_contribute_to_disaster_management_and_planning\"><\/span><strong>Q: How does the knowledge of India&#8217;s physiography contribute to disaster management and planning?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A:<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Understanding the physiography of India is crucial for disaster management and planning. For instance:<\/li><li>Knowledge of seismic zones helps in earthquake preparedness and construction standards.<\/li><li>Awareness of flood-prone areas along major rivers aids in planning and mitigating flood-related disasters.<\/li><li>Coastal physiography considerations are essential for tackling cyclones and storm surges.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The physiography of India, a crucial component of the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examination&#8217;s geography syllabus, unfolds a captivating narrative of the country&#8217;s diverse and dynamic landforms. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":22674,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1313],"tags":[264,1052,1436,232,140],"class_list":["post-22673","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-geography-notes","tag-geography","tag-ncert-notes","tag-physiography-of-india","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22673","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22673"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35001,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22673\/revisions\/35001"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22674"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}