{"id":22681,"date":"2024-01-19T09:43:34","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T09:43:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=22681"},"modified":"2024-03-20T07:16:56","modified_gmt":"2024-03-20T07:16:56","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Geography &#8211; Indian Soils"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" data-id=\"47045\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/bannner-1600-x-1600-2400-x-1392-px-1280-x-300-px-1024x300.png\" alt=\"PSP 2025\" class=\"wp-image-47045\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>India&#8217;s diverse geography is a testament to its rich natural heritage, where every terrain tells a story of millennia-old geological processes. Among its many geographical facets, the soil of India stands as a silent but vital foundation supporting its agrarian backbone. Understanding the nuances of Indian soils is not merely an academic pursuit but a practical necessity, especially for those aspiring to navigate the intricate maze of the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) examinations. These exams, revered for their rigor and depth, demand a comprehensive grasp of subjects ranging from history to science. In this pursuit, the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) notes emerge as indispensable companions, offering distilled wisdom and structured insights into the complex realm of Indian geography. Delving into the intricacies of India&#8217;s soil, these notes unravel the layers of its composition, distribution, and significance, serving as beacons for aspirants charting their course through the challenging landscape of UPSC examinations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0af729cd1e\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0af729cd1e\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Process_of_Soil_Formation\" title=\"Process of Soil Formation\">Process of Soil Formation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Factors_for_Soil_Formation\" title=\"Factors for Soil Formation\">Factors for Soil Formation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Major_Soils_of_India\" title=\"Major Soils of India\">Major Soils of India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Alluvial_Soils\" title=\"Alluvial Soils\">Alluvial Soils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Red_Soils\" title=\"Red Soils\">Red Soils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Black_or_Regur_Soils\" title=\"Black or Regur Soils\">Black or Regur Soils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Arid_and_Desert_Soils\" title=\"Arid and Desert Soils\">Arid and Desert Soils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Mountain_Soils\" title=\"Mountain Soils\">Mountain Soils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Laterite_or_Lateritic_Soils\" title=\"Laterite or Lateritic Soils:\">Laterite or Lateritic Soils:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Soil_Moisture_Map\" title=\"Soil Moisture Map:\">Soil Moisture Map:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Saline_and_Alkaline_Soils\" title=\"Saline and Alkaline Soils:\">Saline and Alkaline Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Forest_soils\" title=\"Forest soils\">Forest soils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Karewa_soils\" title=\"Karewa soils\">Karewa soils<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Peaty_and_marshy_soils\" title=\"Peaty and marshy soils\">Peaty and marshy soils<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Snowfields\" title=\"Snowfields\">Snowfields<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Properties_Of_Major\" title=\"Properties Of Major\">Properties Of Major<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Soil_Erosion_and_Damage_to_Soil\" title=\"Soil Erosion and Damage to Soil\">Soil Erosion and Damage to Soil<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Soil_Erosion\" title=\"Soil Erosion:\">Soil Erosion:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Types_of_Soil_Erosion\" title=\"Types of Soil Erosion:\">Types of Soil Erosion:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Causes_of_Soil_Erosion\" title=\"Causes of Soil Erosion:\">Causes of Soil Erosion:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Soil_Degradation\" title=\"Soil Degradation:\">Soil Degradation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Water_Logging\" title=\"Water Logging:\">Water Logging:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Desertification\" title=\"Desertification:\">Desertification:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Soil_Conservation\" title=\"Soil Conservation:\">Soil Conservation:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Methods_of_Soil_Conservation\" title=\"Methods of Soil Conservation:\">Methods of Soil Conservation:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Engineering_Methods\" title=\"Engineering Methods:\">Engineering Methods:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Biological_Methods\" title=\"Biological Methods:\">Biological Methods:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Social_Methods\" title=\"Social Methods:\">Social Methods:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#International_Year_of_Soil\" title=\"International Year of Soil:\">International Year of Soil:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Prelims_Facts\" title=\"Prelims Facts\">Prelims Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#1_A_fertile_soil_suitable_for_growing_common_crops_is_likely_to_have_a_pH_value_of_IAS_Pre_1993\" title=\"1. A fertile soil, suitable for growing common crops is likely to have a pH value of IAS (Pre) 1993\">1. A fertile soil, suitable for growing common crops is likely to have a pH value of IAS (Pre) 1993<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#2_Which_one_of_the_following_soils_is_deposited_by_rivers_BPSC_Pre_2017\" title=\"2. Which one of the following soils is deposited by rivers? BPSC (Pre) 2017\">2. Which one of the following soils is deposited by rivers? BPSC (Pre) 2017<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#3_Choose_the_correct_statement_out_of_the_four_statements_given_regarding_alluvial_soil_CGPSC_Pre_2021\" title=\"3. Choose the correct statement out of the four statements given regarding alluvial soil. CGPSC (Pre) 2021\">3. Choose the correct statement out of the four statements given regarding alluvial soil. CGPSC (Pre) 2021<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#4_Which_soil_is_predominantly_found_in_the_districts_of_Muzaffarpur_Darbhanga_and_Champaran_BPSC_Pre_2017\" title=\"4. Which soil is predominantly found in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Champaran? BPSC (Pre) 2017\">4. Which soil is predominantly found in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Champaran? BPSC (Pre) 2017<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#5_On_which_type_of_the_following_rocks_have_red_and_yellow_soils_of_Chhattisgarh_developed_CGPSC_Pre_2021\" title=\"5. On which type of the following rocks have red and yellow soils of Chhattisgarh developed? CGPSC (Pre) 2021\">5. On which type of the following rocks have red and yellow soils of Chhattisgarh developed? CGPSC (Pre) 2021<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#6_In_our_country_the_second_largest_area_is_occupied_by_Odisha_PSC_Pre_2015\" title=\"6. In our country, the second largest area is occupied by Odisha PSC (Pre) 2015\">6. In our country, the second largest area is occupied by Odisha PSC (Pre) 2015<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#7_Observe_the_statements_regarding_soils_in_Maharashtra_MPSC_Pre_2020\" title=\"7. Observe the statements regarding soils in Maharashtra. MPSC (Pre) 2020\">7. Observe the statements regarding soils in Maharashtra. MPSC (Pre) 2020<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#8_The_black_cotton_soil_of_India_has_been_formed_due_to_the_weathering_of_IAS_Pre_2021\" title=\"8. The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of IAS (Pre) 2021\">8. The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of IAS (Pre) 2021<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#9_Which_of_the_following_soils_of_India_is_most_suitable_for_cotton_cultivation_MPPSC_Pre_2004_UPPSC_Mains_2014\" title=\"9. Which of the following soils of India is most suitable for cotton cultivation? MPPSC (Pre) 2004, UPPSC (Mains) 2014\">9. Which of the following soils of India is most suitable for cotton cultivation? MPPSC (Pre) 2004, UPPSC (Mains) 2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#10_Among_the_local_names_of_soils_found_in_Chhattisgarh_which_one_is_not_correct_CGPSC_Pre_2021\" title=\"10. Among the local names of soils found in Chhattisgarh, which one is not correct? CGPSC (Pre) 2021\">10. Among the local names of soils found in Chhattisgarh, which one is not correct? CGPSC (Pre) 2021<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#11_In_which_region_of_Madhya_Pradesh_the_black_soils_are_not_found_MPSC_Pre_2022\" title=\"11. In which region of Madhya Pradesh, the black soils are not found? MPSC (Pre) 2022\">11. In which region of Madhya Pradesh, the black soils are not found? MPSC (Pre) 2022<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#12_Gangani_region_of_West_Bengal_has_which_type_of_soil_WBCS_Pre_2020\" title=\"12. Gangani region of West Bengal has which type of soil? WBCS (Pre) 2020\">12. Gangani region of West Bengal has which type of soil? WBCS (Pre) 2020<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#13_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_true_regarding_laterite_soil_in_India_JPSC_Pre_2021\" title=\"13. Which of the following statements is true regarding laterite soil in India? JPSC (Pre) 2021\">13. Which of the following statements is true regarding laterite soil in India? JPSC (Pre) 2021<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#14_In_India_the_maximum_alkali_area_is_found_in_the_state_of_UPPSC_Mains_2007\" title=\"14. In India, the maximum alkali area is found in the state of UPPSC (Mains) 2007\">14. In India, the maximum alkali area is found in the state of UPPSC (Mains) 2007<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#15_Following_are_the_statements_regarding_the_USAR_soil\" title=\"15. Following are the statements regarding the USAR soil.\">15. Following are the statements regarding the USAR soil.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#11_Assertion_A_The_percentage_of_net_sown_area_in_the_total_area_of_Andhra_Pradesh_is_less_as_compared_to_that_of_West_Bengal\" title=\"11. Assertion (A) The percentage of net sown area in the total area of Andhra Pradesh is less as compared to that of West Bengal.\">11. Assertion (A) The percentage of net sown area in the total area of Andhra Pradesh is less as compared to that of West Bengal.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Reason_R_The_soil_of_most_of_Andhra_Pradesh_is_lateritem_AS_Pre_2006\" title=\"Reason (R) The soil of most of Andhra Pradesh is lateritem AS (Pre) 2006\">Reason (R) The soil of most of Andhra Pradesh is lateritem AS (Pre) 2006<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#17_Assertion_A_The_Himalayan_soils_are_rich_in_humus\" title=\"17. Assertion (A) The Himalayan soils are rich in humus.\">17. Assertion (A) The Himalayan soils are rich in humus.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Reason_R_The_Himalayas_have_the_largest_area_under_forest_cover\" title=\"Reason (R) The Himalayas have the largest area under forest cover.\">Reason (R) The Himalayas have the largest area under forest cover.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#18_Karewas_soils_which_are_useful_for_the_cultivation_of_Zafran_a_local_variety_of_saffron_are_found_in_BPSC_Pre_2018\" title=\"18. Karewas soils, which are useful for the cultivation of Zafran (a local variety of saffron) are found in BPSC (Pre) 2018\">18. Karewas soils, which are useful for the cultivation of Zafran (a local variety of saffron) are found in BPSC (Pre) 2018<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#19_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_not_true_about_Matasi_soil_CGPSC_Pre_2022\" title=\"19. Which of the following statements is not true about Matasi soil? CGPSC (Pre) 2022\">19. Which of the following statements is not true about Matasi soil? CGPSC (Pre) 2022<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#20_In_which_one_of_the_following_areas_in_India_the_problem_of_soil_erosion_is_critical_UPPSC_Pre_2004_MPPSC_Pre_2006\" title=\"20. In which one of the following areas in India, the problem of soil erosion is critical? UPPSC (Pre) 2004, MPPSC (Pre) 2006\">20. In which one of the following areas in India, the problem of soil erosion is critical? UPPSC (Pre) 2004, MPPSC (Pre) 2006<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#1_Q_Why_are_NCERT_notes_essential_for_UPSC_preparation_in_Geography_specifically_for_the_topic_of_Soils_of_India\" title=\"1. Q: Why are NCERT notes essential for UPSC preparation in Geography, specifically for the topic of Soils of India?\">1. Q: Why are NCERT notes essential for UPSC preparation in Geography, specifically for the topic of Soils of India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#2_Q_What_are_the_key_soil_types_discussed_in_the_NCERT_notes_on_Soils_of_India\" title=\"2. Q: What are the key soil types discussed in the NCERT notes on Soils of India?\">2. Q: What are the key soil types discussed in the NCERT notes on Soils of India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#3_Q_How_can_NCERT_notes_on_Soils_of_India_help_in_answering_UPSC_mains_questions\" title=\"3. Q: How can NCERT notes on Soils of India help in answering UPSC mains questions?\">3. Q: How can NCERT notes on Soils of India help in answering UPSC mains questions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#4_Q_Are_there_any_case_studies_or_examples_discussed_in_the_NCERT_notes_related_to_Soils_of_India\" title=\"4. Q: Are there any case studies or examples discussed in the NCERT notes related to Soils of India?\">4. Q: Are there any case studies or examples discussed in the NCERT notes related to Soils of India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#5_Q_How_should_one_integrate_NCERT_notes_on_Soils_of_India_with_other_UPSC_Geography_resources\" title=\"5. Q: How should one integrate NCERT notes on Soils of India with other UPSC Geography resources?\">5. Q: How should one integrate NCERT notes on Soils of India with other UPSC Geography resources?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-geography-soil-of-india\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Soil is made up of two parts: solid stuff like minerals and plants, and a sponge-like part that holds air and<strong> water.<\/strong> It forms when rocks break down due to things like wind and water, a process called<strong> weathering<\/strong>. The type of soil <strong>depends on the rocks<\/strong> and plants in the area.<\/li><li>Soil has different layers with various textures, colors, and chemicals. Each layer, called a horizon, is not the same thickness. When you see a cutout of soil layers, it&#8217;s called a soil profile.<\/li><li>The process of soil development is called <strong>Pedogenesis<\/strong>. Factors like the type of rocks, landscape, weather, plants, and time play a role in forming soil. <strong>Pedology <\/strong>is the science that studies everything about soils, from their physical and chemical traits to how living things contribute to soil, and even how soils are created and change over time.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_of_Soil_Formation\"><\/span>Process of Soil Formation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Soil formation starts with a parent material, like rocks, that decides what minerals are in the soil. There are five main ways soil is made:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Lateralization:<\/strong> Happens in warm places and changes rocks into clay and laterite.<\/li><li><strong>Calcification:<\/strong> This occurs when water evaporates more than it rains, bringing up salts from the ground, usually calcium carbonate.<\/li><li><strong>Podsolization:<\/strong> In cold and damp areas, iron and aluminum mix with silica and organic stuff, leaving the soil.<\/li><li><strong>Gleying: <\/strong>When the ground is always wet and doesn&#8217;t drain well, organic stuff builds up on top, and iron turns the lower layers blue-grey.<\/li><li><strong>Salinization: <\/strong>Like calcification but with salt. Happens in dry areas or when there&#8217;s too much irrigation water.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_for_Soil_Formation\"><\/span>Factors for Soil Formation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Factors that affect how soil forms include the starting material, the climate (hot, cold, wet, dry), the shape of the land, living things like plants and animals, and the time it takes for soil to develop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Parent Material:<\/strong> Soil comes from rocks. The kind of rock decides what the soil is like\u2014its color, feel, and minerals.<\/li><li><strong>Climate:<\/strong> Weather is a big deal in making soil. Rain and heat make rocks break down faster. In warm places with rain, there are more plants and more soil gets carried away. In cold areas like the Himalayas, plants decay very slowly.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Organic Content:<\/strong> This is the dead plants and animals in the soil. It helps soil erosion and breaks down nutrients. It also affects how fast humus forms.<\/li><li><strong>Topography: <\/strong>The shape of the land matters too. Flat places usually get more soil, like the Indo-Gangetic plain, while steep areas lose soil easily.<\/li><li><strong>Time: <\/strong>Time is the last thing. It decides how thick the soil is and how old it is. Older soil had more time to form, depending on the other things mentioned.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Soils_of_India\"><\/span>Major Soils of India<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) grouped Indian soils based on their nature and character, following the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soil classification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>USDA Soil Classification<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Percentage<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Inceptisols<\/td><td>9.9%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Entisols<\/td><td>16.3%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alfisols<\/td><td>9.6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ultisols<\/td><td>8.5%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mollisols<\/td><td>6.9%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vertisols<\/td><td>2.4%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Aridisols<\/td><td>12.7%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gelisols<\/td><td>8.6%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Andisols<\/td><td>0.7%<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hitosols<\/td><td>1.2%<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/Ct2Pp3_zV_ixY7ZPdu4SLQRzCkhzMThoQSuhWo4T1ZiWuqVKAAkqypaCTzItNdPF2-9VU-VZzdWyZ1fKwWsT1hk1CjUjrUfcGRPfe8ARD4D1T7vJFD0NV6dCHh3lvqovMSYFLKLBYNZvPvFdftg-V0Y\" alt=\"\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alluvial_Soils\"><\/span>Alluvial Soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These soils cover more than <strong>40% of India&#8217;s land and form when sediments<\/strong> like sand, silt, and clay settle in layers. There are two types: newer alluvium (Khadar) and older alluvium (Bhangar). Bhangar lands are usually above flood levels and have Bhurs (wind deposits) and Usar soils.<\/li><li>Khadar, or newer alluvium, is deposited by yearly floods, adding fine silt to the soil. Alluvial soils are great for growing crops like rice, wheat, oilseeds, sugarcane, jute, pulses, maize, millets, and fodder. They&#8217;re mainly found in<strong> Northern plains,<\/strong> river valleys, and coastal areas.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Red_Soils\"><\/span>Red Soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These soils form on old crystalline and metamorphic rocks, covering more than 18% of India&#8217;s land. They get their red color from high iron content and turn yellow when hydrated. Because of the sandy texture, they don&#8217;t hold much water.<\/li><li>These soils are found in hot and humid regions, especially in states like Tamil Nadu, <strong>Karnataka, <\/strong>Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, <strong>Madhya Pradesh, <\/strong>and Odisha. They lack phosphorus, nitrogen, and lime but have a good amount of potash. The main crops grown in red soils include rice, maize, millet, pulses, and small grains.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Black_or_Regur_Soils\"><\/span>Black or Regur Soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These soils make up around 15% of India&#8217;s land and are often called black cotton<strong> soils or regur.<\/strong> They come from weathered lava rocks and are found in Maharashtra, parts of Andhra Pradesh, the Northern Plateau, parts of Karnataka, Western parts of Madhya Pradesh, and Southeastern parts of Gujarat.<\/li><li>Black cotton soil forms from the weathering of igneous rocks and lava cooling after a volcano eruption. These soils are mature, with a high capacity to retain water. They&#8217;re rich in iron, lime, calcium, potash, <strong>magnesium, and aluminum<\/strong>. The soil is generally clayey, deep, and doesn&#8217;t let water pass through easily. When wet, it&#8217;s tough and sticky, forming wide cracks when dry.<\/li><li>These soils are mainly used for growing crops like cotton, millet, maize, pulses, and citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons. Plowing can be challenging when the soil is wet because the plow gets stuck in the mud.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Arid_and_Desert_Soils\"><\/span>Arid and Desert Soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These soils have a sandy texture and are rich in mineral salts but lack organic matter. They have a high pH value. Found in regions like the Rajasthan desert, parts of Gujarat, Southwest Haryana, and Southwest Punjab, where the yearly rainfall is less than 40 cm, these soils cover an area of 1.42 lakh sq km. They are reddish-brown in color, and the sandy parts are called &#8220;bhur.&#8221;<\/li><li>These soils are not great in nitrogen and organic material. With proper irrigation development, they can be improved. Generally, these soils are used for growing crops like bajra, pulses (green-gram, black-gram), guar, fodder, millets, and jowar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mountain_Soils\"><\/span>Mountain Soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>These soils are in the hills of the Himalayas, in the dry parts of the Peninsula, and in some areas of the<strong> Andaman and Nicobar Islands.<\/strong><\/li><li>There are two types of mountain soil: Podzol soil and Prematured and Bouldered soil.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The terai soils in the foothills of the Himalayas are rich in nitrogen and organic matter. In the coniferous forest belt of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim, brown Podzol soils are found. Mountain soils with good vegetation cover have lots of organic matter, but their nutrient levels vary based on how much nutrients are washed away.<\/li><li>These soils lack potash, phosphorus, and lime, and are not very fertile. They are suitable for growing tea, coffee, spices, and tropical fruits in some areas, and for cultivating wheat, maize, and barley in Northern regions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Forest Belt of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Sikkim:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Brown Podzol soils predominate in this region.<\/li><li>Mountain soils are enriched with organic matter, but their base status varies due to leaching.<\/li><li>Deficient in potash, phosphorus, and lime, with low fertility.<\/li><li>Suitable for tea, coffee, spices, tropical fruits in Southern regions, and wheat, maize, and barley in Northern regions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Laterite_or_Lateritic_Soils\"><\/span>Laterite or Lateritic Soils:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Derived from the Latin word &#8220;later,&#8221; meaning brick.<\/li><li>Covers about 3.7% of the country&#8217;s total area.<\/li><li>Typical of monsoon and humid tropical zones with a deep weathered layer.<\/li><li>Rich in iron and aluminum, but poor in humus, phosphorus, potassium, lime, and nitrogen.<\/li><li>Reddish color due to iron and aluminum residue; prone to erosion and degradation.<\/li><li>Found in<strong> Odisha, West Bengal, parts of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, <\/strong>Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_Moisture_Map\"><\/span>Soil Moisture Map:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Developed by IIT Gandhinagar and the <strong>India Meteorological Department (IMD)<\/strong> in October 2018.<\/li><li>Uses a land surface model considering soil, vegetation, land use, and land cover.<\/li><li>Available on the IMD website as Experimental Forecasts Land Surface Products.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Saline_and_Alkaline_Soils\"><\/span>Saline and Alkaline Soils:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Contain high salt content; referred to as alkaline soils known by various names such as Thur, Kari, Chopan, reh, kallar, and usar.<\/li><li>Sandy to loamy sand texture with a pH value of 8.5.<\/li><li>The tracts of Punjab, Rajasthan, and Maharashtra exhibit the presence of Choi, Biat, and Ound soil types. Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana also share these soil types.<\/li><li>These soils contain undecomposed rock and mineral elements, releasing sodium, magnesium, calcium salts, and sulfur. They range in texture from sandy to loamy, and despite being deficient in nitrogen and calcium, they can be reclaimed through effective irrigation, gypsum application, and the cultivation of salt-resistant crops.<\/li><li>Primarily used for cultivating rice, wheat, cotton, sugarcane, and tobacco, these soils in regions like Punjab and Haryana become saline due to intensive irrigation and dry climatic conditions.<\/li><li>Originating from the mechanical disintegration of ground rocks or blown from the Indus basin and the coast by the prevailing Southwest monsoon winds, these soils present unique characteristics.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Forest_soils\"><\/span>Forest soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Forest soils, formed in forest areas with sufficient rainfall, vary in structure and texture based on the mountain environment where they develop.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Found in the lower valleys of the snow-bound areas of the Himalayas, these soils are fertile but acidic with low humus content.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Karewa_soils\"><\/span>Karewa soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Karewa soils<\/strong>, derived from lacustrine deposits in the <strong>Kashmir valley and Bhadarwah <\/strong>valley of <strong>Jammu, mainly<\/strong> consist of fine silt, clay, sand, and boulder gravel.<\/li><li>Ideal for cultivating saffron, almond, walnut, apricot, apple, and peach orchards, <strong>Karewas in places<\/strong> like Palampur, Pulwama, and Kulgam are renowned for producing high-quality saffron, walnut, and almond.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Peaty_and_marshy_soils\"><\/span>Peaty and marshy soils<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Peaty and marshy soils, originating in humid regions due to the accumulation of organic matter, are heavy, black, and highly acidic.<\/li><li>These soils, deficient in phosphate and potash, are suitable for jute and rice cultivation in Bengal and for growing spices and <strong>rubber near the Malabar coast.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Snowfields\"><\/span>Snowfields<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Snowfields found above the snow line in mountainous and glacial terrain, exist under the snow and glaciers at the highest peaks of the greater Himalayas, Karakoram, <strong>Ladakh, and Zanskar.<\/strong><\/li><li>Immature and unsuitable for crops, this type of soil is characterized by its presence under permanent snow and ice accumulation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties_Of_Major\"><\/span>Properties Of Major<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Soil<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Composition<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Formation<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Characteristics<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Crops<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Alluvial Soil<\/td><td>Rich in lime and potash; Poor in phosphorus and humus<\/td><td>Silt brought by rivers<\/td><td>Very fertile, fine-grained; Both in new alluvium (Khadar) and old alluvium<\/td><td>Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal<\/td><td>Rice, wheat, sugarcane, cotton, oilseeds, jute<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Black Soil<\/td><td>Rich in lime, aluminium, calcium, potash, iron, magnesium; Poor in nitrogen and humus<\/td><td>Weathering of volcanic rocks<\/td><td>Water-retentive cracks develop when dry<\/td><td>Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka<\/td><td>Cotton, sugarcane, Bajra, maize, pulses, oilseeds, tobacco<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Red and Yellow Soil<\/td><td>Rich in iron; Poor in nitrogen, phosphorus, lime, and humus<\/td><td>Decomposition of metamorphic rocks<\/td><td>Not water retentive; Becomes productive with added fertilizers<\/td><td>Karnataka<\/td><td>Potatoes, fruits<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Laterite Soil<\/td><td>Rich in iron; Poor in lime, phosphorus, calcium, and nitrogen<\/td><td>Leaching of laterite rocks<\/td><td>Important for house construction (bricks); Cashew, coffee, rubber<\/td><td>Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Odisha, Kerala<\/td><td>Rubber<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Soil Type<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Composition<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Formation<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Characteristics<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Distribution<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Crops<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Saline Soil<\/td><td>Rich in chlorides, calcium, and magnesium<\/td><td>Accumulation of soluble salts<\/td><td>Unproductive soil<\/td><td>Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan, Maharashtra<\/td><td>Barseem, Dhaincha, and leguminous crops. In Punjab and Haryana, gypsum is added to improve the soil.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Forest Soil<\/td><td>Rich in humus, poor in organic matter<\/td><td>Decomposition of potash, phosphorus, and lime<\/td><td>Heterogeneous, character changes with parent rocks and climate<\/td><td>Himalayan region, Western and Eastern Ghats<\/td><td>Temperate fruits, spices, tea, and coffee.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_Erosion_and_Damage_to_Soil\"><\/span>Soil Erosion and Damage to Soil<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Some problems related to soil are explained below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_Erosion\"><\/span>Soil Erosion:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Soil erosion is when the topsoil on land gets loosened and moved. Natural forces like water and wind are always causing soil erosion, which makes the soil less fertile.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Soil erosion involves two main things:<br>Soil particles getting loosened and separated from the soil.The detached soil particles are taken downhill by water or wind.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>People doing harmful activities have made soil erosion happen even more.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Types_of_Soil_Erosion\"><\/span>Types of Soil Erosion:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are different ways soil can erode:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Wind Erosion:<\/strong> This happens where natural plants are gone, usually in dry areas near sandy shores of oceans, lakes, and rivers. The wind blows and carries loose soil particles.<\/li><li><strong>Water Erosion: <\/strong>Running water, like rain or waves, carries away soil particles. It can cause floods, be dangerous for people, and ruin agriculture.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The four types of water erosion are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Splash Erosion:<\/strong> Raindrops act like tiny bombs, hitting soil and breaking it. Plants help prevent this.<\/li><li><strong>Sheet Erosion: <\/strong>Rainwater flowing slowly takes away soil particles.<\/li><li><strong>Rill and Gully Erosion: <\/strong>Small rills appear on cultivated land after sheet erosion. When they get bigger, they&#8217;re called gullies. Ravines are deep gullies.<\/li><li><strong>Ocean Waves (Coastal Erosion):<\/strong> Happens along seashores when waves erode the soil.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Causes_of_Soil_Erosion\"><\/span>Causes of Soil Erosion:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the reasons soil erodes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Deforestation: <\/strong>Cutting down trees removes the plants that hold soil in place. Some replacement plants, <strong>like coffee, cotton, palm oil<\/strong>, <strong>soybean, and wheat, <\/strong>can make erosion worse.<\/li><li><strong>Overgrazing: <\/strong>Too many animals eating plants don&#8217;t let them recover. The soil gets crushed and carried away, especially in areas where recovery time is not given.<\/li><li><strong>Water Erosion:<\/strong> Rain or melting snow displaces soil on the ground. More water flow means more soil particles are moved away. Land without plants, like empty fields after harvesting crops, is at risk of water erosion.<\/li><li><strong>Wind Erosion:<\/strong> Wind erosion is when the wind naturally moves and deposits soil. It usually happens in dry, sandy places or where the soil is loose, dry, and finely granulated. This process harms both human-made structures and natural plants by taking soil from one place and dropping it somewhere else.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_Degradation\"><\/span>Soil Degradation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Soil degradation happens because of human actions, causing the quality and richness of the soil to decline. Worldwide, land is degrading quickly because of <strong>unsustainable human activities<\/strong> like improper crop rotation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>For example, in the Great Plains of India, soil fertility has significantly decreased. Planting leguminous crops can help improve soil fertility in affected areas.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Water_Logging\"><\/span>Water Logging:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Water logging is when the soil becomes too saturated with water, either temporarily or permanently. When there&#8217;s too much water, the soil can&#8217;t absorb it properly. This can occur when the water table rises, affecting the soil pores in the crop root zone. It reduces the normal supply of air in the soil, lowers oxygen levels, and increases carbon dioxide and ethylene levels. It has impacted land along the <strong>Indira Gandhi Canal in Rajasthan <\/strong>and nearby areas.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Desertification\"><\/span>Desertification:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Desertification is the deterioration of land in dry areas due to various factors, including extreme weather conditions like drought and human activities that pollute or degrade soils.<\/li><li>It negatively affects food production, livelihoods, and the overall health of ecosystems, even though it doesn&#8217;t mean the expansion of existing deserts.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Soil_Conservation\"><\/span>Soil Conservation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Soil conservation aims to prevent the top layer of soil from degrading due to erosion and exhaustion, ensuring a fertile and healthy environment. The Central Government established the <strong>Central Soil Conservation Board <\/strong>in 1953 to oversee soil conservation efforts.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Methods_of_Soil_Conservation\"><\/span>Methods of Soil Conservation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are engineering and biological methods for soil conservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Engineering_Methods\"><\/span>Engineering Methods:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Contour Bunding:<\/strong> Making embankments to reduce water flow.<\/li><li><strong>Contour Barriers: <\/strong>Live or dead barriers that intercept water and soil flow.<\/li><li><strong>Sand Fences:<\/strong> Barriers made of wooden slats to prevent wind-blown sediments.<\/li><li><strong>Shelter Belts: <\/strong>Windbreaks in coastal and dry regions.<\/li><li><strong>Rock Dam:<\/strong> Slows water flow to prevent gully erosion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Biological_Methods\"><\/span>Biological Methods:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Crop Rotation:<\/strong> Planting different crops on the same land to improve soil health and nutrient optimization.<\/li><li><strong>Strip Cropping: <\/strong>Strip cropping involves growing crops alternately in a rotation system to make sure that the entire area is never left bare at any time of the year.<\/li><li><strong>Mulching: <\/strong>Mulching is adding a layer of organic matter to the soil, which helps it retain water better.<\/li><li><strong>Vermi Composting: <\/strong>Vermicomposting uses different types of worms to break down organic matter, making the soil more fertile.<\/li><li><strong>Afforestation: <\/strong>Afforestation is the process of planting trees in areas that haven&#8217;t had tree cover for a while.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Social_Methods\"><\/span>Social Methods:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Social methods of soil conservation include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Checking Overgrazing: <\/strong>Overgrazing harms plant communities, so it&#8217;s important to manage animals properly to prevent overgrazing. This can be done through methods like rotational, cell, and mob grazing.<\/li><li><strong>Banning Jhum (Shifting Cultivation):<\/strong> Jhum is a farming practice where vegetation is cleared and burned, leading to a loss of soil fertility. Banning this practice helps protect the soil.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"International_Year_of_Soil\"><\/span>International Year of Soil:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2002, the<strong> International Union of Soil<\/strong> <strong>Science<\/strong> (IUSS) decided to dedicate December 5th every year as World Soil Day to highlight the importance of healthy soil and promote sustainable soil management.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The Food and Agriculture Organization<\/strong> (FAO) initiated World Soil Day and it was unanimously approved at the FAO Conference in 2013.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The United Nations adopted World Soil Day in its 68th General Assembly in December 2013, declaring it to be observed on December 5th annually. Since 2012, FAO has been celebrating World Soil Day.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_Facts\"><\/span>Prelims Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In India, the maximum area is covered by which type of soil &#8211; Alluvial soil [WBCS (Pre) 2017, <strong>CGPSC (Pre) 2017)<\/strong><\/li><li>The Characteristic feature of Bhur of Upper Ganga Plain of India is &#8211; Undulating, aeolian sandy deposit [<strong>WBCS (Pre) 2014]<\/strong><\/li><li>In which soil the Phosphoric Acid is found in rich quantity? &#8211; Alluvial soil<strong> [CGPSC (Pre) 2021]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which type of soil has minimum water retention capacity?- Alluvial sand soi<strong>l [UKPSC (Pre) 2003]<\/strong><\/li><li>The soil particles which are present in loamy soil, are &#8211; Sand particles, clay particles, and silt particles <strong>[BPSC (Pre) 2011]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which soil is predominantly found in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga, and Champaran &#8211; Newer Alluvium [<strong>BPSC (Pre) 2017]<\/strong><\/li><li>The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of &#8211; Fissure Volcanic Rock <strong>[IAS (Pre) 2021]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which soil of India has been formed due to weathering of Basaltic Lavas?- Regur Soil <strong>[UPPSC (Pre) 2015]<\/strong><\/li><li>Regur soil of India has been most widespread &#8211; Maharashtra <strong>[BPSC (Pre) 2000]<\/strong><\/li><li>Regur soil of the Deccan trap are black in colour because- It is formed out of weathering of Basaltic Lava <strong>[UPPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/strong><\/li><li>Lava soil also known as &#8216;Black soil&#8217; in India are found in &#8211; Malwa Plateau [<strong>UPPSC (Pre) 2010]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which Soil found in Deccan Plateau has higher fertility, poor drainage and is prove to salinity and sodicity? &#8211; Deep black soil <strong>[MPSC (Pre) 2020]<\/strong><\/li><li>Gangani region of West Bengal has which type of soil &#8211; Laterite soil<strong> [WBCS (Pre) 2020]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which soil types of India is rendered infertile by the presence of excess iron &#8211; Laterite <strong>[LAS (Pre) 1994]<\/strong><\/li><li>Laterite Soil develops in which areas &#8211; Areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall <strong>[JPSC (Pre) 2021)<\/strong><\/li><li>In which type of the rocks have red and yellow soils of Chhattisgarh developed? &#8211; Granite Schist <strong>[CGPSC (Pre) 2021)<\/strong><\/li><li>What is the reason for the red soil having the colour red? &#8211; Presence of Ferric Oxides <strong>(UPPSC (Pre) 2010.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_A_fertile_soil_suitable_for_growing_common_crops_is_likely_to_have_a_pH_value_of_IAS_Pre_1993\"><\/span>1. A fertile soil, suitable for growing common crops is likely to have a pH value of IAS (Pre) 1993<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) 6 to 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 9 to 10<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Which_one_of_the_following_soils_is_deposited_by_rivers_BPSC_Pre_2017\"><\/span>2. Which one of the following soils is deposited by rivers? BPSC (Pre) 2017<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Red soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Black soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Alluvial soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Laterite soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Choose_the_correct_statement_out_of_the_four_statements_given_regarding_alluvial_soil_CGPSC_Pre_2021\"><\/span>3. Choose the correct statement out of the four statements given regarding alluvial soil. CGPSC (Pre) 2021<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) This soil is found in about 14% portion of India&#8217;s land surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Phosphoric acid is found in rich quantities in this soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) This soil is also known by names such as Reh, Thur, Chopan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) This soil is not fertile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Which_soil_is_predominantly_found_in_the_districts_of_Muzaffarpur_Darbhanga_and_Champaran_BPSC_Pre_2017\"><\/span>4. Which soil is predominantly found in the districts of Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Champaran? BPSC (Pre) 2017<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Black soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Newer alluvium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Older alluvium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Red soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_On_which_type_of_the_following_rocks_have_red_and_yellow_soils_of_Chhattisgarh_developed_CGPSC_Pre_2021\"><\/span>5. On which type of the following rocks have red and yellow soils of Chhattisgarh developed? CGPSC (Pre) 2021<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Granite Schist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Basalt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Sandstone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Limestone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_In_our_country_the_second_largest_area_is_occupied_by_Odisha_PSC_Pre_2015\"><\/span>6. In our country, the second largest area is occupied by Odisha PSC (Pre) 2015<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) alluvial soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) red soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) black soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) laterite soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Observe_the_statements_regarding_soils_in_Maharashtra_MPSC_Pre_2020\"><\/span>7. Observe the statements regarding soils in Maharashtra. MPSC (Pre) 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Regur soil contains aluminium and iron at a sufficient level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Laterite soil is found in moist climates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Red soil is found in Bhandara district.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Red soil contains less amount of organic matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Only statement 1 is correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Statements 1, 2 and 3 are correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Statements 1, 3 and 4 are not correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) All of the above<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_The_black_cotton_soil_of_India_has_been_formed_due_to_the_weathering_of_IAS_Pre_2021\"><\/span>8. The black cotton soil of India has been formed due to the weathering of IAS (Pre) 2021<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) brown forest soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) fissure volcanic rock<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) granite and schist<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) shale and limestone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Which_of_the_following_soils_of_India_is_most_suitable_for_cotton_cultivation_MPPSC_Pre_2004_UPPSC_Mains_2014\"><\/span>9. Which of the following soils of India is most suitable for cotton cultivation? MPPSC (Pre) 2004, UPPSC (Mains) 2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Regur soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Laterite soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Alluvial soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Red soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Among_the_local_names_of_soils_found_in_Chhattisgarh_which_one_is_not_correct_CGPSC_Pre_2021\"><\/span>10. Among the local names of soils found in Chhattisgarh, which one is not correct? CGPSC (Pre) 2021<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Yellow clay soil&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Matasi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b) Black soil &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Kanhar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c) Mixture of black and yellow soil &nbsp; Kachhar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Infertile laterite soil &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Bhata<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_In_which_region_of_Madhya_Pradesh_the_black_soils_are_not_found_MPSC_Pre_2022\"><\/span>11. In which region of Madhya Pradesh, the black soils are not found? MPSC (Pre) 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Malwa plateau<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Narmada valley<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Baghelkhand<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Satpura range<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Gangani_region_of_West_Bengal_has_which_type_of_soil_WBCS_Pre_2020\"><\/span>12. Gangani region of West Bengal has which type of soil? WBCS (Pre) 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Alluvial soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Saline soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Laterite soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Terai soil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_true_regarding_laterite_soil_in_India_JPSC_Pre_2021\"><\/span>13. Which of the following statements is true regarding laterite soil in India? JPSC (Pre) 2021<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Laterite soil develops in areas with high temperatures and heavy rainfall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Laterite soil is rich in humus and found in West Bengal, Assam, and Odisha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Only 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_In_India_the_maximum_alkali_area_is_found_in_the_state_of_UPPSC_Mains_2007\"><\/span>14. In India, the maximum alkali area is found in the state of UPPSC (Mains) 2007<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Gujarat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Haryana<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Punjab<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Uttar Pradesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_Following_are_the_statements_regarding_the_USAR_soil\"><\/span>15. Following are the statements regarding the USAR soil.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. It is reclaimed by adding lime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. This soil has pH more than seven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Paddy crop can be grown in this soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 and 2&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 2 and 3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Only 3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Only 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Assertion_A_The_percentage_of_net_sown_area_in_the_total_area_of_Andhra_Pradesh_is_less_as_compared_to_that_of_West_Bengal\"><\/span>11. Assertion (A) The percentage of net sown area in the total area of Andhra Pradesh is less as compared to that of West Bengal.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reason_R_The_soil_of_most_of_Andhra_Pradesh_is_lateritem_AS_Pre_2006\"><\/span>Reason (R) The soil of most of Andhra Pradesh is lateritem AS (Pre) 2006<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) A is true, but R is false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) A is false, but R is true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"17_Assertion_A_The_Himalayan_soils_are_rich_in_humus\"><\/span>17. Assertion (A) The Himalayan soils are rich in humus.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Reason_R_The_Himalayas_have_the_largest_area_under_forest_cover\"><\/span>Reason (R) The Himalayas have the largest area under forest cover.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) A is true, but R is false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) A is false, but R is true.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"18_Karewas_soils_which_are_useful_for_the_cultivation_of_Zafran_a_local_variety_of_saffron_are_found_in_BPSC_Pre_2018\"><\/span>18. Karewas soils, which are useful for the cultivation of Zafran (a local variety of saffron) are found in BPSC (Pre) 2018<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Kashmir Himalaya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Garhwal Himalaya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Nepal Himalaya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Eastern Himalaya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_not_true_about_Matasi_soil_CGPSC_Pre_2022\"><\/span>19. Which of the following statements is not true about Matasi soil? CGPSC (Pre) 2022<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) This soil is usually found at altitudes higher than tha of Bhata soil and lower than that of Kanhar soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) This soil is less fertile than Kanhar soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Iron content is high in this soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Sand content is high in this soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"20_In_which_one_of_the_following_areas_in_India_the_problem_of_soil_erosion_is_critical_UPPSC_Pre_2004_MPPSC_Pre_2006\"><\/span>20. In which one of the following areas in India, the problem of soil erosion is critical? UPPSC (Pre) 2004, MPPSC (Pre) 2006<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Malwa plateau<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Foothill areas of Shivalik ranges<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Dandakaranya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Meghalaya plateau<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>14 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>17 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>18 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>19 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Q_Why_are_NCERT_notes_essential_for_UPSC_preparation_in_Geography_specifically_for_the_topic_of_Soils_of_India\"><\/span><strong>1. Q: Why are NCERT notes essential for UPSC preparation in Geography, specifically for the topic of Soils of India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: NCERT notes serve as the foundation for UPSC preparation, especially in Geography. The Soils of India chapter in NCERT textbooks provides a comprehensive understanding of the country&#8217;s diverse soil types, their distribution, and the factors influencing soil formation. These notes help candidates build a strong conceptual base, crucial for answering UPSC questions accurately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Q_What_are_the_key_soil_types_discussed_in_the_NCERT_notes_on_Soils_of_India\"><\/span><strong>2. Q: What are the key soil types discussed in the NCERT notes on Soils of India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The NCERT notes on Soils of India cover major soil types such as Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite, Desert, and Mountain soils. Each soil type is examined in terms of its characteristics, distribution, and agricultural significance. Understanding these distinctions is vital for candidates aiming to tackle questions related to soil diversity and its impact on agriculture and ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Q_How_can_NCERT_notes_on_Soils_of_India_help_in_answering_UPSC_mains_questions\"><\/span><strong>3. Q: How can NCERT notes on Soils of India help in answering UPSC mains questions?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: NCERT notes provide a holistic view of soil-related topics, enabling aspirants to approach UPSC mains questions with a comprehensive understanding. The notes cover the relationship between soil types and land use, impact on agriculture, and issues like soil erosion and conservation. This knowledge equips candidates to address diverse questions on the socio-economic and environmental aspects of soil in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Q_Are_there_any_case_studies_or_examples_discussed_in_the_NCERT_notes_related_to_Soils_of_India\"><\/span><strong>4. Q: Are there any case studies or examples discussed in the NCERT notes related to Soils of India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Yes, the NCERT notes often include case studies and examples illustrating the practical applications of soil knowledge. These could involve successful agricultural practices in specific soil types, challenges faced by farmers, or government initiatives for soil conservation. Incorporating such real-world examples into UPSC answers demonstrates a deeper understanding of the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Q_How_should_one_integrate_NCERT_notes_on_Soils_of_India_with_other_UPSC_Geography_resources\"><\/span><strong>5. Q: How should one integrate NCERT notes on Soils of India with other UPSC Geography resources?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: While NCERT notes provide a solid foundation, candidates should supplement their preparation with additional resources. This may include advanced textbooks, research papers, and current affairs related to soil and agriculture. Integrating diverse sources ensures a more nuanced understanding, enhancing the quality of responses in both prelims and mains examinations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Understanding the nuances of Indian soils is not merely an academic pursuit but a practical necessity, especially for those aspiring to navigate the intricate maze of the Union Public Service Commission<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":22682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1313],"tags":[143,2726,1052,1438,232,140],"class_list":["post-22681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-geography-notes","tag-geography_optional","tag-indian-soils","tag-ncert-notes","tag-soil","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22681"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22681\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35006,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22681\/revisions\/35006"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22681"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}