{"id":22761,"date":"2024-01-20T07:21:11","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T07:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=22761"},"modified":"2024-01-29T07:32:32","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T07:32:32","slug":"discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the impact of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 on forest conservation in India &#8211; UPSC Geography Optional Mains &#8211; 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series?type=classroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/GS-Foundation-Course-for-UPSC-1280-x-300-px-1-1024x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46623\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The National Green Tribunal Act, of 2010 has emerged as a pivotal legal framework in India, significantly influencing the landscape of environmental conservation, particularly in the realm of forest protection. Enacted to expeditiously resolve environmental disputes and promote sustainable development, the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has played a crucial role in shaping policies and decisions related to forest conservation in the country. Since its inception, the NGT has become a key institution for adjudicating matters concerning the environment, including deforestation, illegal logging, and habitat degradation. This essay will delve into the profound impact of the National Green Tribunal Act, of 2010 on forest conservation in India, analyzing its role in shaping policies, enhancing accountability, and fostering a more sustainable approach toward the preservation of the nation&#8217;s vital ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d75bcd8c375\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d75bcd8c375\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer\">Answer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#How_effective_has_it_been\" title=\"How effective has it been?\">How effective has it been?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Effectiveness_in_Mangrove_conservation\" title=\"Effectiveness in Mangrove conservation:\">Effectiveness in Mangrove conservation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Effectiveness_in_forest_conservation_of_Hill_areas\" title=\"Effectiveness in forest conservation of Hill areas:\">Effectiveness in forest conservation of Hill areas:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Effectiveness_in_forest_conservation_of_National_Parks\" title=\"Effectiveness in forest conservation of National Parks:\">Effectiveness in forest conservation of National Parks:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Effectiveness_in_Ensuring_Environmental_Accountability\" title=\"Effectiveness in Ensuring Environmental Accountability:\">Effectiveness in Ensuring Environmental Accountability:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Case_Study_Stay_Order_on_ICTT_project_in_Great_Nicobar_Island\" title=\"Case Study: Stay Order on ICTT project in Great Nicobar Island\">Case Study: Stay Order on ICTT project in Great Nicobar Island<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Effectiveness_as_a_vigilant_in_Forest_Conservation\" title=\"Effectiveness as a vigilant in Forest Conservation\">Effectiveness as a vigilant in Forest Conservation<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Where_it_has_failed\" title=\"Where it has failed?\">Where it has failed?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-impact-of-the-national-green-tribunal-act-2010-on-forest-conservation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span>Answer <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Over the years NGT has emerged as a critical player in environmental regulation, passing strict orders on issues ranging from deforestation, pollution, waste management, and other environmental issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"879\" height=\"462\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-123845.png\" alt=\"Eco-Sensitive Zones\" class=\"wp-image-22762 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-123845.png 879w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-123845-585x307.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 879px) 100vw, 879px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 879px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 879\/462;\" \/><figcaption>Eco-Sensitive Zones<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_effective_has_it_been\"><\/span>How effective has it been?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effectiveness_in_Mangrove_conservation\"><\/span>Effectiveness in Mangrove conservation:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Enforcement of Mangrove Protection Laws: Eg- In 2018, NGT ordered Gujarat to enforce CRZ rules for coastal mangrove protection.<\/li><li>Has taken legal action against violators: Eg- In 2022, NGT directed the demolition of unauthorized structures near mangroves in the Thane and Vasai-Virar areas.<\/li><li>Has played an active role in monitoring the conditions of mangroves. Eg- In 2020, it directed the restoration of damaged mangroves in the East Kolkata Wetlands.<\/li><li>Has involved local communities in mangrove conservation. Eg- NGT emphasized community<br>engagement and sustainable management in the preservation of the Bhitarkanika mangroves.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effectiveness_in_forest_conservation_of_Hill_areas\"><\/span>Effectiveness in forest conservation of Hill areas:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Has stopped construction activities in environmentally sensitive hill areas<\/strong>. Eg- Halt in construction activities by NGT in the eco-sensitive zone of Rohtang Pass in 2015<\/li><li><strong>Has regulated mining activities.<\/strong> Eg- Ban on all mining activities in Aravali hills of Haryana and Rajasthan<\/li><li><strong>Restoration of Ecologically Sensitive Zones<\/strong>: In 2020, NGT directed the states of Maharashtra and Goa to take measures to restore and protect the ecologically sensitive zones in the Western Ghats.<\/li><li><strong>Has promoted Afforestation initiatives<\/strong>. Eg- NGT directed the state government to undertake largescale afforestation after Uttarakhand land subsidence<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effectiveness_in_forest_conservation_of_National_Parks\"><\/span>Effectiveness in forest conservation of National Parks:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Has imposed restrictions on commercial activities within national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.<\/strong><br>Eg-<br>\u25cf Permanent closure of Night Market at Jal mahal in Nahargarh Wildlife Sanctuary<br>\u25cf Closure of 36 illegal hotels in Rajaji Tiger Reserve<\/li><li><strong>Issued directives to prevent damage to forests within protected areas<\/strong>. For ex- Stopping tree felling by UP government in Pilibhit Tiger in 2019<\/li><li><strong>Monitored the ecological impact of developmental activities near national parks<\/strong>. For exmonitoring of ecological restoration efforts in the vicinity of the Mahendragiri Wildlife Sanctuary in Odisha.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effectiveness_in_Ensuring_Environmental_Accountability\"><\/span>Effectiveness in Ensuring Environmental Accountability:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>It has protected the rights of tribal communities and ensured the enforcement of the \u201cpolluter pays\u201d principle in letter and spirit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2012, suspended an order of POSCO Steel Company to set up a steel project in Odisha, thus favoring the local communities and forests. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"165\" height=\"177\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-124354.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22765 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 165px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 165\/177;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li>In the Save Mon Federation Vs Union of India case (2013), the NGT suspended a<br>\u20b96,400-crore hydro project in Nyamjang Chhu River in Arunachal Pradesh, to save a forest that was the habitat of the Monpa indigenous community.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Case_Study_Stay_Order_on_ICTT_project_in_Great_Nicobar_Island\"><\/span>Case Study: Stay Order on ICTT project in Great Nicobar Island<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The National Green Tribunal has ordered a stay on the ICTT and formed a committee to re-examine the environmental clearance granted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Effectiveness_as_a_vigilant_in_Forest_Conservation\"><\/span>Effectiveness as a vigilant in Forest Conservation<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>December 2016 amendment to EIA 2006 notification \u2014 the amendments basically sought to give local authorities&#8217; powers to grant environmental clearance to builders \u2014 was nullified by the NGT, terming it as a \u201cploy\u201d (by the government) to circumvent the 2006 rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many Projects which were approved in violation of the law such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Aranmula Airport, Kerala;<\/li><li>Lower Demwe Hydro Power Project<\/li><li>Nyamjang in Arunachal Pradesh; mining projects in in Goa;<\/li><li>coal mining projects in Chhattisgarh were either canceled or fresh assessments were directed<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_it_has_failed\"><\/span>Where it has failed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Conservation of Himalayan Hotspot in the North-East. Eg- Despite NGT\u2019s intervention, illegal logging activities continue in Arunachal Pradesh, which is destroying the habitat of the rare Hornbill.<\/li><li>Stopping deforestation of Aravalis as a whole.<\/li><li>Despite the Gadgil Committee and Kasturirangan Committee recommendations, it has not been as effective in the Western Ghats.<\/li><li>NGT has permitted the government to widen the roads of the Chardham Project despite potentially hazardous impact on the Himalayan ecology.<\/li><li>It has not been successful in stopping EIA projects.<\/li><li>It did not take action when the Forest Conservation Act was amended in 2023 which eased the clearance process for development projects in forested areas and reduced regulatory oversight.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Case study<\/strong>: Ken-Betwa River Linking Project- The Ken-Betwa River Linking Project in Madhya Pradesh has faced concerns over its environmental impact, including the submergence of forests and wildlife habitats. Despite opposition and environmental concerns, the project has been approved and continues to progress, raising questions about the ability of the NGT to influence or halt large-scale, nationally significant projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In recent times, the importance of NGT has increased. However, its effectiveness is being compromised.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Two important acts \u2013 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and Two and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 have been kept out of NGT\u2019s jurisdiction.<\/li><li>NGT decisions were challenged in High Courts under Article 226, claiming that NGT is a Statutory body whereas HC is a constitutional body<\/li><li>The lack of human and financial resources has led to a high pendency of cases \u2013 which undermines NGT\u2019s very objective of disposal of appeals within 6 months.<\/li><li>The absence of a formula-based mechanism in determining the compensation has also brought criticism to the tribunal.<\/li><li>The justice delivery mechanism is also hindered by a limited number of regional benches.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>While NGT remains a \u201cproactive inconvenience\u201d to all those who take actions that make economic growth ecologically unsustainable, there is a need for more autonomy to widen NGT\u2019s scope for effective protection of the environment in balance with human developmental activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 has emerged as a pivotal legal framework in India, significantly influencing the landscape of environmental conservation, particularly in the realm of forest protection.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":22766,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1546],"tags":[143,1448,142,232,140],"class_list":["post-22761","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-geography-optional-mains-solved-paper-2023","tag-geography_optional","tag-national-green-tribunal-act","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22761","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22761"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22761\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24074,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22761\/revisions\/24074"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22761"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22761"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22761"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}