{"id":22975,"date":"2024-01-20T18:15:35","date_gmt":"2024-01-20T18:15:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=22975"},"modified":"2024-01-29T07:33:35","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T07:33:35","slug":"why-are-millets-considered-nutri-cereals-and-climate-resilient-discuss-the-constraints-and-opportunities-of-millet-cultivation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/why-are-millets-considered-nutri-cereals-and-climate-resilient-discuss-the-constraints-and-opportunities-of-millet-cultivation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"Why are millets considered nutri-cereals and climate-resilient? Discuss the constraints and opportunities of millet cultivation in India &#8211; UPSC Geography Optional Mains &#8211; 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series?type=classroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/GS-Foundation-Course-for-UPSC-1280-x-300-px-1-1024x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46623\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Millets, often hailed as &#8220;nutri-cereals,&#8221; have emerged as a focal point in the discourse surrounding sustainable and nutritious agriculture. These ancient grains, including sorghum, pearl millet, finger millet, foxtail millet, and proso millet, are celebrated for their exceptional nutritional value, gluten-free nature, and remarkable adaptability to diverse climates. Termed as &#8220;nutri-cereals&#8221; due to their rich composition of essential nutrients such as fiber, protein, and micronutrients, millets play a pivotal role in addressing malnutrition and promoting food security. Moreover, millets are recognized for their climate-resilient characteristics, thriving in conditions where other crops might falter. Despite these advantages, millet cultivation faces various constraints in India, including insufficient awareness, limited research and development support, and market challenges. This introductory paragraph aims to delve into the dual identity of millets as nutri-cereals and climate-resilient crops while shedding light on the existing obstacles and potential opportunities in their cultivation within the Indian agricultural landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f3de250cd\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f3de250cd\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/why-are-millets-considered-nutri-cereals-and-climate-resilient-discuss-the-constraints-and-opportunities-of-millet-cultivation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer\">Answer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/why-are-millets-considered-nutri-cereals-and-climate-resilient-discuss-the-constraints-and-opportunities-of-millet-cultivation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Opportunities_for_millet_cultivation_india\" title=\"Opportunities for millet cultivation india:\">Opportunities for millet cultivation india:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/why-are-millets-considered-nutri-cereals-and-climate-resilient-discuss-the-constraints-and-opportunities-of-millet-cultivation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/why-are-millets-considered-nutri-cereals-and-climate-resilient-discuss-the-constraints-and-opportunities-of-millet-cultivation-in-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span>Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Millets are small seeded grams that are adapted to dry land ecologies of the arid and semiarid topics. E.g. sorghum, pearl-millet, finger-millet etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They are called nutri-cereals because:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Provide most nutrients required for a healthy lifestyle. E.g. protein 7-12%, fats 2-5%, carbohydrates 65-75%, 15-20% dietary fibres along with iron and phosphorus.<\/li><li>High antioxidant activity such as phytates, tannins, polyphenols etc. beneficial in aging and metabolic diseases.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Further they are climatic-resilient as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>High ability to withstand droughts: due to deep root system allowing water access from deep soil.<\/li><li>Resistant to extreme heat: high yield even in hot spells.<\/li><li>Resistant to floods: high tolerance for standing water.<\/li><li>Reduced need for fertilizers: due to nitrogen fixation ability<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"436\" height=\"211\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-234147.png\" alt=\"Milets\" class=\"wp-image-22978 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 436px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 436\/211;\" \/><figcaption>Milets<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Given the following characteristics, millets are most suitable for indian climate, yet there are following constraints in their cultivation:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Declining consumption: mainly due to green revolution in india and increased attention to foodgrain crops for food security, production dropped from 40% to 20% over the years.<\/li><li>Change in taste preferences: with rising globalisation and availability of other cereals e.g. wheat, all purpose flour etc. people have developed less liking for traditional coarse cereals.<\/li><li>Low productivity\/traditional farming methods: traditional farming methods like \u2018broadcasting the seeds\u2019 as well as long maturity cycle(75-90 days) and weeds have led to low productivity( only 1247 kg\/ha).<\/li><li>Constraints in millet processing: due to low recovery of 70-80% grains along with low shelf-life of millets of millet-processing machines.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Also need for dual-dehauller( double-staged dehauller) due to unhulled and broken grains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Opportunities_for_millet_cultivation_india\"><\/span>Opportunities for millet cultivation india:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>India produces 38% of global production of millets.(80% of asia). There are ample opportunities for increasing millet production:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>High demand in Food processing:<br>\u25cf More than 500 startups in millets value added chain.<br>\u25cf Along with 250 startups under rashtriya krishi vikas yojana to cater to demand of 1.3 billion.<\/li><li>High export potential:<br>\u25cf millet exports have increased by 11.6% in 2022-23.( $40 million) with a cagr of 3% over the<br>decade.<br>\u25cf Major varieties are bajra, ragi, jowar, buckwheat.\u25cf Various export startups such as Mantra, Manna foods have shown the vast opportunity in millet exports.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"412\" height=\"143\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-234337.png\" alt=\"millets\" class=\"wp-image-22979 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 412px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 412\/143;\" \/><figcaption>millets<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li>Domestic market demand:<br>\u25cf Millets based meals are being mainstreamed in india. E.g. millets based dishes served to G20 guests in hotels.<br>\u25cf Due to government\u2019s vision of \u2018SHREE ANNA\u2019, msp for millets has been increased by 8-10%<br>to support the production of millets.<\/li><li>Support to grassroot production in villages to increase rural income and food security:<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"244\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-234449.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-22980 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-234449.png 638w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-20-234449-585x224.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 638px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 638\/244;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>By declaring 2023 as \u2018 the international year of millets\u2019, UNGA has set the tone for increasing teh production of millets across the world. India should also grab the opportunity with both hands to materialise SDG 2 of zero hunger by 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Millets, often hailed as &#8220;nutri-cereals,&#8221; have emerged as a focal point in the discourse surrounding sustainable and nutritious agriculture. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":22976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1546],"tags":[143,1450,142,232,140],"class_list":["post-22975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-geography-optional-mains-solved-paper-2023","tag-geography_optional","tag-millets","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22975"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24077,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22975\/revisions\/24077"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}