{"id":23222,"date":"2024-01-23T13:08:12","date_gmt":"2024-01-23T13:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=23222"},"modified":"2024-01-29T07:46:29","modified_gmt":"2024-01-29T07:46:29","slug":"with-a-falling-fertility-rate-and-rising-median-age-how-can-india-translate-demographic-dividend-to-economic-dividend-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/with-a-falling-fertility-rate-and-rising-median-age-how-can-india-translate-demographic-dividend-to-economic-dividend-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/","title":{"rendered":"With a falling fertility rate and rising median age, how can India translate demographic dividend to economic dividend?  &#8211; UPSC Geography Optional Mains &#8211; 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series?type=classroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/GS-Foundation-Course-for-UPSC-1280-x-300-px-1-1024x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46623\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>As India grapples with a declining fertility rate and a steadily increasing median age, the nation stands at a critical juncture in harnessing its demographic dividend for economic growth. The demographic dividend, characterized by a larger working-age population relative to dependents, has the potential to drive economic prosperity. However, the evolving demographics pose challenges, necessitating strategic policies and initiatives. India&#8217;s ability to translate its demographic dividend into an economic one hinges on innovative approaches to workforce development, education, and healthcare, as well as fostering an environment conducive to entrepreneurship and technological advancement. In navigating this demographic shift, India must strike a delicate balance between capitalizing on the advantages of a youthful population and addressing the emerging needs of an aging society, all while fostering sustainable economic development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a1557a8e557c\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a1557a8e557c\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/with-a-falling-fertility-rate-and-rising-median-age-how-can-india-translate-demographic-dividend-to-economic-dividend-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer\">Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/with-a-falling-fertility-rate-and-rising-median-age-how-can-india-translate-demographic-dividend-to-economic-dividend-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/with-a-falling-fertility-rate-and-rising-median-age-how-can-india-translate-demographic-dividend-to-economic-dividend-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2023\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span>Answer <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The United Nations Population Fund says, With falling fertility (currently 2.0), rising median age (from 24 years in 2011, to 29 years now and expected to be 36 years by 2036), a falling dependency ratio (expected to decrease from 65% to 54% India is in the middle of a demographic transition. This provides a window of opportunity for faster economic growth. Hence, there is an urgency to take appropriate policy measures.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"771\" height=\"556\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-23-182948.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23223 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-23-182948.png 771w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/Screenshot-2024-01-23-182948-585x422.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 771px) 100vw, 771px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 771px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 771\/556;\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Educating the youth -. Given that India\u2019s workforce starts at a younger age, a greater focus needs to be on transitioning from secondary education to universal skilling and entrepreneurship, as done in South Korea.<\/li><li>National education policy &#8211; establishment of an Institutional Innovation Council (IIC) in every higher education institution to promote innovation and entrepreneurship among students and faculty.<br>\u25cf School Innovation Council (SIC) -SICs in schools is a step aligned with the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to promote ideation, out-of-box thinking, innovation, and entrepreneurship, at the school education level in a sustainable manner.<br>\u25cf This trend can further encourage the youth to take up entrepreneurship and have reduced<br>dependence on government jobs which in turn would lead to rapid economic growth.<\/li><li>Skilling &#8211; Pradhan Mantri Kaushal VikasYojana (PMKVY)-To empower the country&#8217;s youth.<ul><li>Jan Shikshan Sansthan (JSS) Scheme-to impart vocational skills in non-formal mode to nonliterate, neo-literates, persons with rudimentary level of education up to 8th and school dropouts up to 12th standard in the age group of 15-45 years. The priority groups are women, SC, ST, minorities, and other backward sections of the society.<\/li><li>Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs)\/ Craftsmen Training Scheme (CTS)-This scheme is for providing long-term training.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Healthcare investment -The public spending on health has remained flat at around 1% of GDP. (UNFPA).We need to provide universal access to high-quality basic healthcare.<br>\u25cf Mental health focus &#8211; Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) is a Government of India<br>policy that deals exclusively with adolescent health.Yuva sampada yojana (only in Karnataka) \u2013 address various immediate and underlying factors that affect mental health<br>\u25cf need for feminist approach &#8211; priority women&#8217;s health as females constitute (53% of all<br>cancers). live with cancer , poverty , domestic violence , do not get early diagnosis of cancer ,<br>says New Lancet Commission report.<\/li><li>Increase female workforce participation-. As of 2019, 20.3% of women were working or looking for work, down from 34.1% in 2003-04. Girls need more choices to learn skills ,safe transport to travel to work<br>\u25cf The Code on Social Security, 2020 has the provisions for enhancement in paid maternity leave from 12 weeks to 26 weeks.<br>\u25cf The Code on Wages 2019 has provisions that there shall be no discrimination in an<br>establishment or any unit thereof among employees on the grounds of gender in matters<br>relating to wages by the same employer, in respect of the same work or work of similar<br>nature done by any employee.<br>\u25cf providing training to them through a network of Women&#8217;s Industrial Training institutes,<br>National Vocational Training Institutes and Regional Vocational Training Institutes.<\/li><li>Human capital management &#8211; expand manufacturing sector<br>\u25cf Make in India initiative: \u2018Make in India\u2019 is an initiative that was launched on 25th September 2014 to facilitate investment, foster innovation, build best-in-class infrastructure, and make India a hub for manufacturing.<br>\u25cf Industrial Corridor Development Programme: To accelerate growth in manufacturing,<br>Government of India (GoI) has adopted the strategy of developing Industrial Corridors in<br>partnership with State Governments.<br>\u25cf PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA): To have world-class<br>industrial infrastructure which would attract cutting-edge technology and boost FDI and local<br>investment in the textiles sector<br>\u25cf \u201cNational Handicraft Development Programme (NHDP)\u201d and Comprehensive Handicrafts<br>Cluster Development Scheme (CHCDS).<\/li><li>Advancement in the agriculture sector &#8211; about 65 percent of the people in India are engaged in agriculture and allied activities directly so, advancement in this sector can reap maximum productivity from demographic dividend.<ul><li>FARMER SUPPORT &#8211; Income support is provided to farmers through the PM KISAN Scheme. insurance is assured through the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana. Under the e-NAM initiative, markets across the length and breadth of the nation are now open to farmers.<\/li><li>Diversity &#8211; horticulture, pisciculture &#8211; trout production in J&amp;K, dryland farming -\u201cRainfed Area Development Programme (RADP), organic farming.<\/li><li>Dairy &#8211; India is the largest producer of milk in the world but not the largest exporter. further advancement needs to be made in this sector to meet international criteria for exports.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The government has already rolled out policies and schemes for boosting skills among the youth, entrepreneurship, etc. However, to make India Self-Reliant, effective implementation is necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As India grapples with a declining fertility rate and a steadily increasing median age, the nation stands at a critical juncture in harnessing its demographic dividend for economic growth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":23224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1546],"tags":[1465,143,142,232,145,140],"class_list":["post-23222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-geography-optional-mains-solved-paper-2023","tag-fertility-rate","tag-geography_optional","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-mains-question-paper","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23222"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23222\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24085,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23222\/revisions\/24085"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}