{"id":23430,"date":"2024-01-25T04:55:50","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T04:55:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=23430"},"modified":"2024-03-28T04:54:44","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T04:54:44","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Modern History &#8211; Rise of Regional States"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The UPSC NCERT Notes on the &#8220;Rise of Regional States&#8221; in modern history provide a comprehensive overview of the political landscape during a crucial period. This era witnessed the emergence of powerful regional states that played pivotal roles in shaping the political, social, and economic dynamics of their respective regions. The notes delve into the intricate details of how these states rose to prominence, exploring the factors that contributed to their ascendancy and the significant historical events that marked their trajectory. By offering a nuanced understanding of this transformative phase, the UPSC NCERT Notes become an invaluable resource for aspirants seeking to grasp the complexities of regional power dynamics and their impact on the broader canvas of modern Indian history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By 1761, the Mughal Empire was just a symbolic authority. Due to its weaknesses, the local powers asserted their independence. Following the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, were number of autonomous or independent states emerged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69eadff518bb9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69eadff518bb9\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Bengal\" title=\"The Bengal\">The Bengal<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Nawabs_of_Bengal\" title=\"Nawabs of Bengal\">Nawabs of Bengal<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Murshid_Quli_Khan_AD_1717-1727\" title=\"Murshid Quli Khan (AD 1717-1727)\">Murshid Quli Khan (AD 1717-1727)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Shuja-ud-Din_AD_1727-1739\" title=\"Shuja-ud-Din (AD 1727-1739)\">Shuja-ud-Din (AD 1727-1739)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Sarfaraz_Khan_AD_1739-1740\" title=\"Sarfaraz Khan (AD 1739-1740)\">Sarfaraz Khan (AD 1739-1740)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Alivardi_Khan_AD_1740-1756\" title=\"Alivardi Khan (AD 1740-1756)\">Alivardi Khan (AD 1740-1756)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Siraj-ud-Daula_AD_1756-1757\" title=\"Siraj-ud-Daula (AD 1756-1757)\">Siraj-ud-Daula (AD 1756-1757)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Black_Hole_Tragedy_20th_June_1758\" title=\"Black Hole Tragedy (20th June 1758)\">Black Hole Tragedy (20th June 1758)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Battle_of_Plassey\" title=\"Battle of Plassey\">Battle of Plassey<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Treaty_of_Alinagar_9th_February_1757\" title=\"Treaty of Alinagar (9th February 1757)\">Treaty of Alinagar (9th February 1757)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Mir_Jafar_AD_1757-1760\" title=\"Mir Jafar (AD 1757-1760)\">Mir Jafar (AD 1757-1760)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Mir_Qasim_AD_1760-1763\" title=\"Mir Qasim (AD 1760-1763)\">Mir Qasim (AD 1760-1763)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Mir_Jafar_AD_1763-1765\" title=\"Mir Jafar (AD 1763-1765)\">Mir Jafar (AD 1763-1765)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Battle_of_Buxar_1764\" title=\"Battle of Buxar (1764)\">Battle of Buxar (1764)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Naim-ud-Daula_AD_1765-1772\" title=\"Naim-ud-Daula (AD 1765-1772)\">Naim-ud-Daula (AD 1765-1772)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Awadh\" title=\"The Awadh\">The Awadh<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Nawabs_of_Awadh\" title=\"Nawabs of Awadh\">Nawabs of Awadh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Saadat_Khan_AD_1722-1739\" title=\"Saadat Khan (AD 1722-1739)\">Saadat Khan (AD 1722-1739)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Safdar_JungAbdul_Mansur_AD_1739-1754\" title=\"Safdar Jung\/Abdul Mansur (AD 1739-1754)\">Safdar Jung\/Abdul Mansur (AD 1739-1754)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Shuja-ud-Daula_AD_1754-1775\" title=\"Shuja-ud-Daula (AD 1754-1775)\">Shuja-ud-Daula (AD 1754-1775)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Treaty_of_Allahabad\" title=\"Treaty of Allahabad\">Treaty of Allahabad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Asaf-ud-Daula_AD_1775-1797\" title=\"Asaf-ud-Daula (AD 1775-1797)\">Asaf-ud-Daula (AD 1775-1797)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Wazir_Khan_Ali_AD_1797\" title=\"Wazir Khan Ali (AD 1797)\">Wazir Khan Ali (AD 1797)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Saadat_Ali_Khan_II_1798\" title=\"Saadat Ali Khan II (1798)\">Saadat Ali Khan II (1798)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Other_Rulers_of_Awadh\" title=\"Other Rulers of Awadh\">Other Rulers of Awadh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Hyderabad\" title=\"The Hyderabad\">The Hyderabad<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Nizam-ul-Mulk_Asaf_Jah_AD_1724-1748\" title=\"Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah (AD 1724-1748)\">Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah (AD 1724-1748)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Nasir_Jung_AD_1748-1750\" title=\"Nasir Jung (AD 1748-1750)\">Nasir Jung (AD 1748-1750)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Muzaffar_Jung_AD_1750-1751\" title=\"Muzaffar Jung (AD 1750-1751)\">Muzaffar Jung (AD 1750-1751)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Salabat_Jung_AD_1751-1760\" title=\"Salabat Jung (AD 1751-1760)\">Salabat Jung (AD 1751-1760)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Carnatic\" title=\"Carnatic\">Carnatic<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Kerala\" title=\"Kerala\">Kerala<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#King_Marthanda_Varma\" title=\"King Marthanda Varma\">King Marthanda Varma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Rama_Varma\" title=\"Rama Varma\">Rama Varma<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Jats\" title=\"The Jats\">The Jats<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Rohilakhand\" title=\"Rohilakhand\">Rohilakhand<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Rajputs\" title=\"Rajputs\">Rajputs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Sawai_Jai_Singh_II_AD_1688-1747\" title=\"Sawai Jai Singh II (AD 1688-1747)\">Sawai Jai Singh II (AD 1688-1747)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#City_of_Jaipur\" title=\"City of Jaipur\">City of Jaipur<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Punjab\" title=\"The Punjab\">The Punjab<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Misls\" title=\"The Misls\">The Misls<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Twelve_Misis_and_their_Founders\" title=\"Twelve Misis and their Founders\">Twelve Misis and their Founders<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Ranjit_Singh_AD_1780-1839\" title=\"Ranjit Singh (AD 1780-1839)\">Ranjit Singh (AD 1780-1839)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Treaty_of_Amritsar_25th_April_1809\" title=\"Treaty of Amritsar (25th April, 1809)\">Treaty of Amritsar (25th April, 1809)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Tripartite_Treaty_1838\" title=\"Tripartite Treaty 1838\">Tripartite Treaty 1838<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Successors_of_Ranjit_Singh\" title=\"Successors of Ranjit Singh\">Successors of Ranjit Singh<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#First_Anglo-Sikh_War\" title=\"First Anglo-Sikh War\">First Anglo-Sikh War<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Second_Anglo-Sikh_War\" title=\"Second Anglo-Sikh War\">Second Anglo-Sikh War<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Marathas\" title=\"The Marathas\">The Marathas<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Major_Treaties_made_by_Marathas\" title=\"Major Treaties made by Marathas\">Major Treaties made by Marathas<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#The_Mysore\" title=\"The Mysore\">The Mysore<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Haider_Ali_AD_1760-1782\" title=\"Haider Ali (AD 1760-1782)\">Haider Ali (AD 1760-1782)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Tipu_Sultan_AD_1782-1799\" title=\"Tipu Sultan (AD 1782-1799)\">Tipu Sultan (AD 1782-1799)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Treaties_signed_by_Haider_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan\" title=\"Treaties signed by Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan\">Treaties signed by Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Important_Facts_About_Tipu\" title=\"Important Facts About Tipu\">Important Facts About Tipu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Prelims_Facts\" title=\"Prelims Facts\">Prelims Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#1_which_one_of_the_following_was_the_last_governor_of_bengal_appointed_by_the_mughal_emperor_UPPSC_Mains_2013\" title=\"1. which one of the following was the last governor of bengal appointed by the mughal emperor?&nbsp; UPPSC (Mains) 2013\">1. which one of the following was the last governor of bengal appointed by the mughal emperor?&nbsp; UPPSC (Mains) 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#2_Which_of_the_following_shifted_his_capital_from_Murshidabad_to_Munger_IAS_Pre_2005\" title=\"2. Which of the following shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger? IAS (Pre) 2005\">2. Which of the following shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger? IAS (Pre) 2005<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#3_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_incorrect_about_the_Treaty_of_Allahabad\" title=\"3. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the Treaty of Allahabad?\">3. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the Treaty of Allahabad?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#4_Who_among_the_following_was_the_founder_of_Awadh_state_in_the_18th_century\" title=\"4. Who among the following was the founder of Awadh state in the 18th century?\">4. Who among the following was the founder of Awadh state in the 18th century?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#5_In_AD_1856_Awadh_would_not_have_been_included_in_the_British_empire_if\" title=\"5. In AD 1856, Awadh would not have been included in the British empire, if\">5. In AD 1856, Awadh would not have been included in the British empire, if<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#6_Who_was_the_first_Indian_native_ruler_to_accept_the_Subsidiary_Treaty_System_MPPSC_Pre_2009\" title=\"6. Who was the first Indian native ruler to accept the Subsidiary Treaty System? MPPSC (Pre) 2009\">6. Who was the first Indian native ruler to accept the Subsidiary Treaty System? MPPSC (Pre) 2009<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#7_Statement_I_In_AD_1856_Nawab_Wajid_Ali_Shah_was_deposed_and_exiled_Calcutta_on_the_grounds_of_misrule_in_his_area\" title=\"7. Statement (I) In AD 1856, Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was deposed and exiled Calcutta on the grounds of misrule in his area.\">7. Statement (I) In AD 1856, Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was deposed and exiled Calcutta on the grounds of misrule in his area.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Statement_II_The_charge_on_the_Nawab_was_that_he_was_unable_to_gain_control_over_the_rebel_Chieftains_and_Taluqdars\" title=\"Statement (II) The charge on the Nawab was that he was unable to gain control over the rebel Chieftains and Taluqdars.\">Statement (II) The charge on the Nawab was that he was unable to gain control over the rebel Chieftains and Taluqdars.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#8_Under_which_king_the_Kingdom_of_Travancore_rose_into_prominence_after_AD_1729\" title=\"8. Under which king, the Kingdom of Travancore rose into prominence after AD 1729?\">8. Under which king, the Kingdom of Travancore rose into prominence after AD 1729?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-68\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#9_The_kingdom_of_Ranjit_Singh_included\" title=\"9. The kingdom of Ranjit Singh included\">9. The kingdom of Ranjit Singh included<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-69\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#10_Which_one_of_the_following_statements_is_correct_about_Dalip_Singh_the_ex-Maharaja_of_Punjab_UPPSC_Mains_2013\" title=\"10. Which one of the following statements is correct about Dalip Singh, the ex-Maharaja of Punjab? UPPSC (Mains) 2013\">10. Which one of the following statements is correct about Dalip Singh, the ex-Maharaja of Punjab? UPPSC (Mains) 2013<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-70\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#11_Who_among_the_following_Indian_rulers_established_embassies_in_foreign_countries_on_modern_lines_IAS_Pre_2001_UPPSC_Pre_2011\" title=\"11. Who among the following Indian rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines? IAS (Pre) 2001, UPPSC (Pre) 2011\">11. Who among the following Indian rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines? IAS (Pre) 2001, UPPSC (Pre) 2011<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-71\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#12_Which_one_of_the_statements_is_not_correct\" title=\"12. Which one of the statements is not correct?\">12. Which one of the statements is not correct?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-72\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-73\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-74\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Q1_What_is_the_significance_of_the_rise_of_regional_states_in_modern_Indian_history\" title=\"Q1: What is the significance of the rise of regional states in modern Indian history?\">Q1: What is the significance of the rise of regional states in modern Indian history?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-75\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Q2_Which_were_the_prominent_regional_states_that_emerged_during_the_decline_of_the_Mughal_Empire\" title=\"Q2: Which were the prominent regional states that emerged during the decline of the Mughal Empire?\">Q2: Which were the prominent regional states that emerged during the decline of the Mughal Empire?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-76\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Q3_How_did_the_Marathas_rise_to_power_as_a_regional_state\" title=\"Q3: How did the Marathas rise to power as a regional state?\">Q3: How did the Marathas rise to power as a regional state?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-77\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Q4_What_role_did_regional_states_play_in_resisting_foreign_invasions_during_the_modern_period\" title=\"Q4: What role did regional states play in resisting foreign invasions during the modern period?\">Q4: What role did regional states play in resisting foreign invasions during the modern period?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-78\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Q5_How_did_the_rise_of_regional_states_impact_the_cultural_and_economic_landscape_of_India\" title=\"Q5: How did the rise of regional states impact the cultural and economic landscape of India?\">Q5: How did the rise of regional states impact the cultural and economic landscape of India?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-79\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-80\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-rise-of-regional-states\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As the Mughal Empire experienced a decline in power during the 18th century, various autonomous states emerged, including<strong> Bengal under Murshid Quli Khan,<\/strong> Awadh under Sadat Khan, Hyderabad under Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah, Carnatic under Sadatullah Khan, Mysore under Hyder Ali, the <strong>Jats<\/strong> under Churaman and Surajmal, and the<strong> Sikhs<\/strong> under Ranjit Singh, among others.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Bengal\"><\/span>The Bengal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Following Aurangzeb&#8217;s demise, Bengal effectively became an<strong> independent viceroyalty<\/strong> under Murshid Quli Khan.<\/li><li>The main rulers of Bengal are outlined below:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nawabs_of_Bengal\"><\/span>Nawabs of Bengal<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Murshid Quli Khan<\/strong> (AD 1713-1727) \u2193<\/li><li><strong>Shuja-ud-din<\/strong> (AD 1727-1739)<\/li><li><strong>Sarfaraz Khan<\/strong> (AD 1739-1740)<\/li><li><strong>Alivardi Khan<\/strong> (AD 1740-1756)<\/li><li><strong>Siraj-ud-Daula<\/strong> (AD 1756-1757)<\/li><li><strong>&nbsp;Mir Jafar <\/strong>(AD 1757-1760)<\/li><li><strong>Mir Qasim<\/strong> (AD 1760-1763)<\/li><li><strong>Mir Jafar<\/strong> (AD 1763-1765)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Murshid_Quli_Khan_AD_1717-1727\"><\/span>Murshid Quli Khan (AD 1717-1727)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Appointed as the Nawab Nazim of Murshidabad by Farrukhsiyar in AD 1719.<\/li><li>Moved his capital from Dacca to <strong>Murshidabad<\/strong> and gradually gained autonomy while professing theoretical allegiance to the Mughal Emperor and paying tribute and presents.<\/li><li>Introduced agricultural reforms like providing <strong>Taccavi loans<\/strong> to peasants for personal use. Reorganized administration and established law and order by suppressing rebellious Zamindars.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shuja-ud-Din_AD_1727-1739\"><\/span>Shuja-ud-Din (AD 1727-1739)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Son-in-law of Murshid, continued Murshid&#8217;s policies and reforms. Key advisers were <strong>Ral-l-Rayan Alamchand <\/strong>(an adept financier) and Jagat Seth (the renowned banker).<\/li><li>Granted the Governorship of Bihar by Emperor Mohammed Shah in AD 1733, marking the time when the Nawabs of Bengal ruled over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa.<\/li><li>Appointed Alivardi Khan as the <strong>Naib Subedar of Bihar.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sarfaraz_Khan_AD_1739-1740\"><\/span>Sarfaraz Khan (AD 1739-1740)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Son of Shuja-ud-Din, defeated by Alvardi Khan, Governor of Bihar, in the<strong> Battle of Giriya<\/strong> (AD 1740) and subsequently murdered.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Alivardi_Khan_AD_1740-1756\"><\/span>Alivardi Khan (AD 1740-1756)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 1741, Alivardi Khan, the Deputy Governor of Bihar, killed the Nawab of Bengal Sarfaraz Khan in a battle.<\/li><li>Alivardi Khan ruled for 15 years, during which he fought with the Marathas. But he died in April 1756 and was succeeded by his grandson, Siraj-ud-Daula.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Siraj-ud-Daula_AD_1756-1757\"><\/span>Siraj-ud-Daula (AD 1756-1757)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He prohibited the English from fortifying their factories at Calcutta, but on their refusal to comply with his orders, he seized the English factory at Kasimbazar on 4th June, 1756 and then Calcutta on 15th June 1756.<\/li><li>Siraj defeated <strong>Shaukat Jung,<\/strong> the Subedar of Purnia (Bihar), in the<strong> Battle of Manihari (1756).<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Black_Hole_Tragedy_20th_June_1758\"><\/span>Black Hole Tragedy (20th June 1758)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Siraj-ud-Daula is believed to have imprisoned 146 English individuals in a very cramped room, resulting in the suffocation and death of 123 of them. This incident is known as the Black Hole Tragedy.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Battle_of_Plassey\"><\/span>Battle of Plassey<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Fought on 23rd June 1757 in the Palasi (Plassey) region of Bengal between the East India Company, led by<strong> Robert Clive, and Siraj-ud-Daula.<\/strong><\/li><li>The East India Company, with the support of Mir Jafar, Rai Durlabh, and Jagat Seth, emerged victorious over the Nawab&#8217;s forces.<\/li><li>Considered a turning point in Indian history, this battle marked the establishment of British supremacy in India for the first time.<\/li><li>On 9th February 1757, Siraj-ud-Daula signed the <strong>Treaty of Alinagar<\/strong> with the East India Company.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treaty_of_Alinagar_9th_February_1757\"><\/span>Treaty of Alinagar (9th February 1757)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Concluded by British agent<strong> Robert Clive<\/strong> after recovering<strong> Calcutta from the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daula.<\/strong><\/li><li>The main provisions of the treaty included:<\/li><li>The Nawab granted the English all privileges sanctioned by Farrukhsiyar&#8217;s farman of 1717.<\/li><li>Exemption of customs duties on English goods passing through Bengal with the company&#8217;s dastak.<\/li><li>Permission for the English to fortify Calcutta without hindrance.<\/li><li>Liberty for the English to coin money in Calcutta.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mir_Jafar_AD_1757-1760\"><\/span>Mir Jafar (AD 1757-1760)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Granted the British the <strong>right to free trade <\/strong>in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, along with the Zamindari of the 24 Parganas, and paid them 17.7 million as compensation for the attack on Calcutta.<\/li><li>He made unsuccessful attempts to replace the<strong> English with the Dutch,<\/strong> but the Dutch suffered defeat by the English at Bedara in AD 1759.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mir_Qasim_AD_1760-1763\"><\/span>Mir Qasim (AD 1760-1763)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Granted the Zamindari of Burdwan, Midnapore, and Chittagong to the British.<\/li><li>Transferred his capital from<strong> Murshidabad to Munge<\/strong>r in AD 1762.<\/li><li>Stopped the misuse of Dastaks (free passes allowed to the company) and abolished all duties on internal trade against British wishes to protect Indian traders in AD 1763.<\/li><li>Appointed German official Walter Rin Hard (Samru) for the modernization of the army.<\/li><li>Murdered <strong>Subedar Ramnarayan<\/strong> of Bihar and occupied the factory at Patna by defeating <strong>English officer Ellis.<\/strong><\/li><li>In AD 1763, the English announced Mir Jafar as the <strong>Nawab of Bengal <\/strong>and declared war against&nbsp; Mir Qasim.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mir_Jafar_AD_1763-1765\"><\/span>Mir Jafar (AD 1763-1765)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Reinstated by the British in 1763 after the outbreak of the war with Mir Qasim. He died in AD 1765.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Battle_of_Buxar_1764\"><\/span>Battle of Buxar (1764)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The combined armies of <strong>Mir Qasim<\/strong>, the Nawab of Awadh, and <strong>Shah Alam II<\/strong> were defeated by the English forces under Major Hector Munro at Buxar on <strong>22nd October <\/strong>1764 in a closely contested battle.<\/li><li>The English campaign against Mir Qasim was short but decisive. The significance of this battle lay in the fact that not only the Nawab of Bengal but also the Mughal Emperor of India was defeated by the<strong> English.<\/strong><\/li><li>The victory elevated the English to a great power in Northern India and positioned them as contenders for supremacy over the entire country.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Naim-ud-Daula_AD_1765-1772\"><\/span>Naim-ud-Daula (AD 1765-1772)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Najm-ud-din Ali Khan, more commonly known as Najm-ud-Daulah, served as the Nawab of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa from AD 1765 to 1766. He was the second son of Mir Jafar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Awadh\"><\/span>The Awadh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Suba of Awadh comprised Benaras and some districts near Allahabad.<\/li><li>The capital of Awadh was <strong>Faizabad.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Asaf-ud-Daula<\/strong> later moved the capital from Faizabad to Lucknow in AD 1775.<\/li><li>The prominent rulers of Awadh were as follows<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nawabs_of_Awadh\"><\/span>Nawabs of Awadh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Saadat Khan <\/strong>(AD 1722-1739) (Title: Burhan-ul-Mulk)<\/li><li><strong>Safdar Jang<\/strong> (AD 1739-1754)<\/li><li><strong>Shuja-ud-Daula<\/strong> (AD 1754-1775)<\/li><li><strong>Asaf-ud-Daula<\/strong> (AD 1775-1797)<\/li><li><strong>Wazir Ali<\/strong> (AD 1797-1798)<\/li><li><strong>Saadat Ali Khan II<\/strong> (AD 1798-1814)<\/li><li><strong>Ghazi-ud-Din Haidar Shah<\/strong> (AD 1814-1827)<\/li><li><strong>Nasir-ud-Din Haidar <\/strong>(AD 1827-1837)<\/li><li><strong>Mohammad Ali Shah (AD 1837-1842)<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Amjad Ali Shah <\/strong>(AD 1842-1847)<\/li><li><strong>Wajid Ali Shah <\/strong>(AD 1847-1856)<\/li><li><strong>Begum Hazrat Maha<\/strong>l (AD 1857) (Ruling on behalf of her Minor Son)<\/li><li><strong>Birjis Qadr <\/strong>(AD 1857) (Position of Nawab abolished)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Saadat_Khan_AD_1722-1739\"><\/span>Saadat Khan (AD 1722-1739)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Founded in the autonomous state of Awadh in AD 1722, Saadat Khan was appointed as the <strong>Governor of Awadh<\/strong> by Emperor <strong>Mohammed Shah.<\/strong><\/li><li>His military reforms significantly strengthened Awadh both economically and politically. In matters of employment, he treated Hindus and Muslims equally, and <strong>Maharaja Nawab Rai <\/strong>held the highest post in his government.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Safdar_JungAbdul_Mansur_AD_1739-1754\"><\/span>Safdar Jung\/Abdul Mansur (AD 1739-1754)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nephew and son-in-law of Saadat Khan, Safdar Jung led an expedition to Bihar, capturing Patna in AD 1742. He played a crucial role in the<strong> Battle of Manpur <\/strong>against Ahmed Shah Abdali (AD 1748).<\/li><li>Appointed as the<strong> Wazir of the Mughal Empire<\/strong>, he was granted the province of Allahabad by Emperor Ahmed Shah in AD 1748.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>From AD 1748 onwards, the Nawab of Awadh came to be known as the <strong>Nawab Wazir,<\/strong> as Safdar Jung and his successors held both the Nawabship of Awadh and the<strong> Wazirship<\/strong> of the <strong>Mughal Empire.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Shuja-ud-Daula_AD_1754-1775\"><\/span>Shuja-ud-Daula (AD 1754-1775)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Son of Safdar Jung, Shuja-ud-Daula protected Ali Gauhar (Shah Alam), the heir apparent of the puppet Mughal Emperor Alamgir II, who had been ousted from Delhi by<strong> Turani Wazir, Imad-ul-Mulk.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An ally of the Afghan invader Ahmed Shah Abdali, he negotiated the <strong>Treaty of Benaras<\/strong> (AD 1773) with Warren Hastings.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Under this<strong> treaty, Kara and Allahabad<\/strong> were sold to the Nawab, and British troops were stationed at Awadh to protect him, for which a subsidy was paid to the British.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He secured victory over the <strong>Rohillas with British assistance, i<\/strong>ncorporating Rohilkhand into Awadh in AD 1774.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treaty_of_Allahabad\"><\/span>Treaty of Allahabad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Treaty of Allahabad, negotiated by Clive with <strong>Shuja-ud-Daula and Mughal Emperor<\/strong> Shah Alam II, granted the British the right of free trade in Awadh. Additionally, the British were permitted to maintain a military presence in Awadh at the Nawab&#8217;s expense.<\/li><li>Shah Alam II received the districts of Kara and Allahabad, along with an annual pension of 26 lakh. In return, Shah Alam granted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa to the British.<\/li><li>In another treaty, the company agreed to pay an annual sum of 53 lakh in exchange for the right of Nizamat over Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, securing both Diwani and Nizamat rights for the company.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Asaf-ud-Daula_AD_1775-1797\"><\/span>Asaf-ud-Daula (AD 1775-1797)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He ratified the<strong> Treaty of Faizabad (AD 1755) w<\/strong>ith the British and relocated his capital from <strong>Faizabad to Lucknow in AD 1775.<\/strong><\/li><li>Known for fostering Lucknow&#8217;s culture, Asaf-ud-Daula constructed significant monuments such as<strong> Imambara and Rumi Darwaza.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wazir_Khan_Ali_AD_1797\"><\/span>Wazir Khan Ali (AD 1797)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mirza Wazir Ali, Asaf-ud-Daula&#8217;s son, assumed the position of Nawab of Awadh in AD 1797 following his father&#8217;s demise.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Saadat_Ali_Khan_II_1798\"><\/span>Saadat Ali Khan II (1798)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Also recognized as <strong>Burhan-ul-Mulk,<\/strong> Saadat Khan, Muhammad Nasir&#8217;s son and Asaf&#8217;s elder brother, ascended the throne in AD 1798 with British support.<\/li><li>He entered into a <strong>Subsidiary Treaty <\/strong>with <strong>Lord<\/strong> Wellesley in November AD 1801, resulting in the Nawab surrendering about half of his territory to maintain the subsidiary troops.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Rulers_of_Awadh\"><\/span>Other Rulers of Awadh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Rulers<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Reign<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ghazi-ud-Din Haldar Shah<\/td><td>AD 1814-1827<\/td><td>He was the third son of Nawab Saadat Ali Khan and became Nawab Wazir of Awadh on 11th July, 1814, after the death of his father.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah<\/td><td>AD 1827-1837<\/td><td>He ascended the throne on 20th October 1827 at the age of 25 years, following the demise of his nephew, Ghazi-ud-din Haidar Shah.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Muhammad Ali Shah<\/td><td>AD 1837-1842<\/td><td>Son of Saadat Ali Khan II, brother of Ghazi-ud-Din Haldar Stuh, and uncle of Nasir-ud-Din Haidar Shah. He attained the throne with British support after the death of his nephew, contrary to the attempts of the ex-queen mother (Padsh Begum) to nominate another successor.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Amjad Ali Shah<\/td><td>AD 1842-1847<\/td><td>His reign began in May 1842, and he was responsible for various developments in Lucknow, including a new bridge over the river Gomti and major shopping markets.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wajid Ali Shah<\/td><td>AD 1847-1856<\/td><td>The eldest son of Amjad Ali Shah, known for his patronage of artists, musicians, and dancers. He initiated the construction of the Qaiser Bagh palace complex.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Begum Hazrat Mahal<\/td><td>AD 1857<\/td><td>Also known as the Begum of Awadh, she played a significant role during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Birjis Qadir<\/td><td>AD 1857<\/td><td>Nawab of Awadh from 1857 until 1858, appointed monarch by his mother Begum Hazrat Mahal during the War of 1857. Fled to Kathmandu in Nepal after the capture of Lucknow by British forces.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Hyderabad\"><\/span>The Hyderabad<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The concept of the Hyderabad state was initially formulated by<strong> Zulfiqar Khan<\/strong>, who acquired the Viceroyalty of the Deccan and managed it through his deputy<strong>, Daud Khan, <\/strong>from <strong>AD 1708.<\/strong> Ultimately, Nizam-ul-Mulk assumed the position of Subedar of Deccan in AD 1720.<\/li><li>As a prominent noble in the Post-Aurangzeb Era, Nizam-ul-Mulk played a pivotal role in the removal of the <strong>Sayyid brothers.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nizam-ul-Mulk_Asaf_Jah_AD_1724-1748\"><\/span>Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah (AD 1724-1748)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He established the autonomous state of Hyderabad in AD 1724.<\/li><li>Serving as the Viceroy of the Deccan from AD 1713 to AD 1715 during his first term, he originally bore the name <strong>Chin Qulich Khan.<\/strong> Emperor Farrukhsiyar conferred upon him the titles of <strong>Khan-i-Duran<\/strong> and later Nizam-ul-Mulk.<\/li><li>His second term as the Viceroy of the Deccan occurred between AD 1720 and AD 1722. Mohammed Shah appointed him as the Wazir of the Mughal Empire from AD 1722 to 1724.<\/li><li>Known for his tolerant policy toward Hindus, he appointed <strong>Puran Chandra as his Diwan<\/strong>. In AD 1738, he signed the<strong> Treaty of Bhopal <\/strong>with the <strong>Peshwas<\/strong> and served as a mediator in the <strong>Battle of Karnal in AD 1739.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nasir_Jung_AD_1748-1750\"><\/span>Nasir Jung (AD 1748-1750)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He assumed the throne in AD 1748 but was defeated and assassinated by <strong>Muzaffar Jung<\/strong>, the son of Nasir&#8217;s sister and the grandson of Nizam-ul-Mulk.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Muzaffar_Jung_AD_1750-1751\"><\/span>Muzaffar Jung (AD 1750-1751)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>With the support of the <strong>French<\/strong>, he ascended to the throne, but his rule came to an abrupt end due to his accidental death.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Salabat_Jung_AD_1751-1760\"><\/span>Salabat Jung (AD 1751-1760)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The third son of<strong> Nizam-ul-Mulk, <\/strong>Salabat Jung, ascended the throne with the assistance of the French.<\/li><li>In AD 1798,<strong> Nizam Ali<\/strong> entered into a Subsidiary Treaty with the English, making it the first state to do so.<\/li><li>The Nizams were avid patrons of art, culture, and literature, as evidenced by their contributions such as the <strong>Salarjung Museum in Hyderabad and Chow Mahalla Palace<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carnatic\"><\/span>Carnatic<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Originally a subah of the Mughal Deccan, the Carnatic fell under the authority of the Nizam of Hyderabad.<\/li><li>The Nizam, along with the Deputy Governor of the Carnatic (Nawab of Carnatic), gained independence from Delhi. However, post-1740 struggles for the <strong>Nawabship of Carnatic<\/strong> led to deteriorating affairs, opening doors for European trading companies to directly intervene in Indian politics.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46428 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Refer &amp; Earn NOW<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala\"><\/span>Kerala<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kerala comprised significant states, including Calicut under the <strong>Zamorin, Chirakkal, Cochin, and Travancore.<\/strong><\/li><li>Notable rulers include:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"King_Marthanda_Varma\"><\/span>King Marthanda Varma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Rising to prominence after 1729, King Marthanda Varma played a key role in the kingdom of<strong> Travancore<\/strong> during the 18th century.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>He organized a robust Western-modeled army with <strong>European officers <\/strong>and modern weaponry, along with constructing a<strong> modern arsenal.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>By AD 1763, the smaller principalities of Kerala had either been absorbed or subordinated by the major states of<strong> Cochin, Travancore, and Calicut.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rama_Varma\"><\/span>Rama Varma<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Rama Varma succeeded <strong>Marthanda Varma<\/strong> and distinguished himself as a poet, scholar, musician, celebrated actor, and a person of profound cultural refinement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Jats\"><\/span>The Jats<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Predominantly inhabiting rural areas in Haryana, Punjab, the western parts of the Ganga Doab, and eastern Rajputana, the Jats were renowned for their prowess in warfare and were enlisted as soldiers by both Hindu and Muslim rulers.<\/li><li>Key leaders within the Jat community included:<\/li><li><strong>Gokal:<\/strong> The Zamindar of Tilpat, who led the Jat uprisings in AD 1669, eventually suppressed by the Mughal Governor, <strong>Hasan Ali Khan.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Rajarama (AD 1670-1688): Zamindar of Sinsani,<\/strong> who spearheaded the Jat uprisings in AD 1685, suppressed by Raja Bishan Singh Kachwaha of Amber.<\/li><li><strong>Churaman (AD 1690-1721):<\/strong> Obtained a Mansab from Mughal ruler Bahadur Shah I, establishing the state of Bharatpur. Served in Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah&#8217;s campaign against Banda Bahadur.<\/li><li><strong>Badan Singh (AD 1722-1756):<\/strong> Nephew of Churaman, bestowed with the title of Raja by Ahmed Shah Abdali, regarded as the true founder of the <strong>Jat states of Bharatpur.<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Suraj Mal (AD 1756-1765): <\/strong>Adopted son and successor of Badan Singh, elevated the Jat Kingdom to its zenith, renowned for his military and diplomatic acumen, remembered as the <strong>Plato of the Jat tribe<\/strong> and <strong>Jat Ulysses.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rohilakhand\"><\/span>Rohilakhand<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Amidst the Mughal administration&#8217;s decline post-Nadir Shah&#8217;s invasion, Ali Muhammad Khan established a separate principality, <strong>Rohilakhand,<\/strong> in AD 1741, situated at the foothills of the Himalayas between the Ganga in the South and the Kumaon hills in the North.<\/li><li>The Rohilas engaged in frequent conflicts with <strong>Awadh, Delhi, and the Jats.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rajputs\"><\/span>Rajputs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dissatisfaction with the policies of Mughal ruler Aurangzeb led to several regions declaring their independence, including many Rajput territories.<\/li><li>Some notable Rajput rulers include:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sawai_Jai_Singh_II_AD_1688-1747\"><\/span>Sawai Jai Singh II (AD 1688-1747)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Distinguished as both a statesman and astronomer, Sawai Jai Singh II constructed observatories, known as <strong>Jantar Mantar<\/strong>, in stone to calculate planetary positions at Varanasi, Delhi, Ujjain, Mathura, and Jaipur\u2014a designated World Heritage Site.<\/li><li>He compiled a table of observations called <strong>Ziz-l-Jadid Muhammed Shahi<\/strong>, and translated significant works into Sanskrit, including Euclid&#8217;s Geometry.<\/li><li>A social reformer, he endeavored to combat the practice of female infanticide.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"City_of_Jaipur\"><\/span>City of Jaipur<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Established in AD 1727 by <strong>Sawai Jai Singh II,<\/strong> Jaipur stands as one of the first planned cities, designed based on Vastu Shastra principles with the assistance of town planner <strong>Vidyadhar Bhattacharya.<\/strong><\/li><li>The king relocated his capital from Amber to Jaipur.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Punjab\"><\/span>The Punjab<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Following Guru Gobind Singh&#8217;s demise in AD 1708,<strong> Banda Bahadu<\/strong>r assumed Sikh leadership in the early 18th century, initiating the Sikh war of Independence against Mughal imperial authority.<\/li><li>Banda Bahadur and his army gained control over the Punjab, <strong>Jammu and Kashmir <\/strong>between AD 1765 and AD 1800. Over time, these soldiers formed twelve confederacies or Misls.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Misls\"><\/span>The Misls<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Misls were the <strong>twelve sovereign states of The Sikh Confederacy<\/strong>, which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the Northern part of the Indian subcontinent and is cited as one of the causes of the weakening of the Mughal Empire prior to Nadir Shah&#8217;s invasion of India in AD 1738-1740.<\/li><li>The Misls formed a commonwealth that was described by Swiss adventurer<strong> Antoine Polier<\/strong> a natural <strong>aristocratic republic<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Twelve_Misis_and_their_Founders\"><\/span>Twelve Misis and their Founders<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Misls<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Founder<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sukerchakia Misl<\/td><td>Charat Singh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Banghi Misl<\/td><td>Chhajja Singh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ahluwalia Misl<\/td><td>Jassa Singh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Phulkian Misl<\/td><td>Sindhu Jat<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kanhaiya Misl<\/td><td>Jai Singh Kanhaiya<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ramgarhia Misl<\/td><td>Ramgarhia Clan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Singhpuria Misl<\/td><td>Nawab Kapoor Singh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nishalvali Misl<\/td><td>Sardar Sangat Singh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dallewalia Misl<\/td><td>Gulab Singh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nakai Misl<\/td><td>Hira Singh Sandhu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Shaheedan Misl<\/td><td>Baba Deep Singh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Singh Karora Misl<\/td><td>Baghel Singh<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The establishment of the first kingdom in Punjab is attributed to<strong> Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ranjit_Singh_AD_1780-1839\"><\/span>Ranjit Singh (AD 1780-1839)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Maha Singh<\/strong>, the father of Ranjit Singh, led the<strong> Sukerchakia Mis<\/strong>l and governed the region between the <strong>Ravi and the Chenab.<\/strong><\/li><li>In AD 1792, Ranjit Singh assumed the throne at the age of 12. However, for the initial five years of his reign, he governed through a Regency Council, with his mother at the helm. He assumed full control of the government in AD 1797, a remarkable feat at the age of 17.<\/li><li>In AD 1798, <strong>Zaman Shah<\/strong>, the son of Ahmed Shah Abdali, acknowledging himself as the legitimate ruler of Punjab, granted Ranjit Singh the authority to occupy <strong>Lahore and govern it on his behalf.<\/strong><\/li><li>Ranjit Singh seized control of Lahore and Amritsar from the Sardars of <strong>Bhangi Misl, <\/strong>establishing Lahore as his political capital and adopting the title of Maharaja of Lahore in AD 1799.<\/li><li>He extended his dominion across the entire territory from <strong>Sutlej to Jhelum<\/strong>. By defeating the confederacy of Sikh misls led by<strong> Gulab Singh,<\/strong> he emerged as a formidable leader of the entire Sikh community.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treaty_of_Amritsar_25th_April_1809\"><\/span>Treaty of Amritsar (25th April, 1809)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This treaty was negotiated between<strong> Ranjit Singh and Charles<\/strong> <strong>T. Metcal<\/strong>f, the representative of the British East India Company. The key provisions of the treaty included:<\/li><li>Acceptance of the Sutlej River as the boundary for both states.<\/li><li>The territories east of the Sutlej were ceded to the British.<\/li><li>An English regiment was stationed in Ludhiana to prevent any attacks from Ranjit Singh on that side.<\/li><li>He helped Shah Shuja, grandson of Ahmed Shah Abdali, during the succession war in Afghanistan and in return, took the famous Kohinoor diamond from him. Later, the throne was occupied by <strong>Dost Mohammed.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Sikh forces, under the commandership of<strong> Hari Singh Naula<\/strong>, defeated the Afghan invader, Dost Mohammed.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He renovated the Sikh shrine decorating the lower half with marble and the entire upper portion with copper surmounted by a thin plate of gold and gave it the modern name of the<strong> Golden Temple.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tripartite_Treaty_1838\"><\/span>Tripartite Treaty 1838<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ranjit Singh signed the Tripartite Treaty, in AD 1838, with Shah Shuja and the EIC (Lord Auckland), which gave freedom to the British troops to pass through the Punjab.<\/li><li>Thus, the English restricted the advance of Russian forces in India through Punjab, with the help of Ranjit Singh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Successors_of_Ranjit_Singh\"><\/span>Successors of Ranjit Singh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Rulers<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Reign<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kharak Singh<\/td><td>AD 1839<\/td><td>He was the eldest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, founder of the Sikh Empire. He succeeded his father on 27th June, 1839 and reigned until his dethronement and imprisonment on 8th October, 1839.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nau Nihal Singh<\/td><td>AD 1839-1840<\/td><td>He was the only son of Maharaja Kharak Singh. He was known as Yuvraj Kunwar Nau Nihal Singh, Bhanwar Singh or Bhanwar Sa or Kunwar Sa means respected young Prince. His reign began with the dethronement of his father Maharaja Kharak Singh.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chand Kaur<\/td><td>AD 1840-1841<\/td><td>She was the wife of Kharak Singh and mother of Nau Nihal Singh. After the death of both her husband Kharak Singh and son Nau Nihal Singh, she declared herself regent for the unborn child of Nau Nihal Singh and his pregnant widow Sahib.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sher Singh<\/td><td>AD 1841-1843<\/td><td>Maharaja Sher Singh was the Sikh sovereign of Punjab from January 1841 until his assassination in September 1843. He was the son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dalip Singh<\/td><td>AD 1843-1849<\/td><td>He was the last Maharaja of the Sikh Empire. He was the youngest son of Maharaja Ranjit Singh. He was placed in power in September 1843, at the age of five, with his mother ruling on his behalf and after their defeat in the Anglo-Sikh War, under a British Resident.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"First_Anglo-Sikh_War\"><\/span>First Anglo-Sikh War<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the era of<strong> Dalip Singh<\/strong>, the British launched an invasion of Punjab (First Anglo-Sikh War, AD 1845-46), seized Lahore, and imposed the <strong>Treaty of Lahore<\/strong> on 9th March 1846 as the terms of peace.&nbsp;<\/li><li>As Lahore Durbar couldn&#8217;t meet the war indemnity, it agreed to cede to the East India Company the hill territories located between the Beas and Indus rivers, including the province of <strong>Kashmir. <\/strong>Gulab Singh, a key negotiator in these discussions, received Kashmir from the company.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-csat-test-series?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=CSAT+Test+Series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42415 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/7-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-csat-test-series\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">UPSC CSAT Test Series<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Second_Anglo-Sikh_War\"><\/span>Second Anglo-Sikh War<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Despite these agreements, the situation in Punjab did not stabilize, leading to the <strong>Second Anglo-Sikh War (AD 1848-1849),<\/strong> resulting in the annexation of Punjab to the East India Company by Lord Dalhousie. Raja Dalip Singh and Rani Jindal (Queen of Ranjit Singh) were sent to London with fixed annual pensions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Marathas\"><\/span>The Marathas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Another potent regional kingdom that emerged in sustained opposition to Mughal rule was the Marathas.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>The Maratha Confederacy<\/strong> wielded significant influence in various parts of India during the 18th century, posing a formidable challenge to Mughal authority in both Deccan and the North.<\/li><li>When <strong>Aurangzeb,<\/strong> after 40 years of fruitless warfare in the Deccan, passed away, the Marathas remained unsubdued.&nbsp;<\/li><li>After Aurangzeb&#8217;s death, Shivaji&#8217;s grandson Shahu was released by Bahadur Shah, but the Maratha Kingdom was weakened.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The civil war between Shahu at Satara and his aunt Tarabai at Kolhapur further exacerbated the situation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Tarabai had been leading an Anti-Mughal struggle since 1700 in the name of her son Shivaji II.<\/li><li>The conflict with the Tarabai faction was eventually resolved in the<strong> Treaty of Warna i<\/strong>n 1731, granting the state of Kolhapur to Shivaji II. In 1719,<strong> Balaji Vishwanath,<\/strong> leading the Maratha force, accompanied <strong>Sayyid Hussain Ali Khan<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The Marathas supported the Sayyid Brothers in overthrowing Farrukhsiyyar in Delhi. Following this, the Peshwa secured a Mughal Sanad (imperial order) recognizing Shahu&#8217;s entitlement to Chauth and Sardeshmukhi (one-fourth and one-tenth, respectively) in six Mughal provinces of Deccan, along with Chauth of Malwa and Gujarat, granting them independent status in Maharashtra.<\/li><li>With the conclusion of the <strong>Maratha civil war,<\/strong> authority over the state gradually transitioned from the line of Shivaji to that of the<strong> Peshwas.<\/strong><\/li><li>After Balaji Vishwanath&#8217;s death in 1720, his 20-year-old son, <strong>Baji Rao I<\/strong>, succeeded him as Peshwa. By 1740, when Baji Rao passed away, the Marathas had gained control over Malwa, Gujarat, and parts of Bundelkhand.<\/li><li>During this period, the Maratha families of Gaekwad, Holkar, Scindia, and Bhonsle rose to prominence within a short span of 20 years.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In the decisive Third Battle of Panipat, the Maratha forces, led by <strong>Sadashiv Rao Bhao, <\/strong>were defeated by Abdali, marking the onset of the decline of Maratha power.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Treaties_made_by_Marathas\"><\/span>Major Treaties made by Marathas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Treaty<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Year<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Contracting Party<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Purandar<\/td><td>1665<\/td><td>Jaysingh and Shivaji<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Sagoli<\/td><td>1750<\/td><td>Balaji Baji Rao and Rajaram<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Jhalki<\/td><td>1752<\/td><td>Balaji and Nizam of Hyderabad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Rakshasa Bhuvan<\/td><td>1763<\/td><td>Madhav Rao Scindia and Nizam of Hyderabad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Kankapur<\/td><td>1769<\/td><td>Madhav Rao Narayan and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Surat<\/td><td>1775<\/td><td>Raghunath Rao and East India Company<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Purandar<\/td><td>1776<\/td><td>Madhav Rao Narayan and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Badgaon<\/td><td>1779<\/td><td>Madhav Rao Narayan and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Salbai<\/td><td>1782<\/td><td>Madhav Rao Narayan and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Basein<\/td><td>1802<\/td><td>Baji Rao II and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Devgaon<\/td><td>1803<\/td><td>Bhonsle and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Surji Arjun Village 1803<\/td><td>1803<\/td><td>Scindia and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Rajapur Ghat 1804<\/td><td>1804<\/td><td>Holkar and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Poona<\/td><td>1817<\/td><td>Baji Rao II and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Gwalior<\/td><td>1817<\/td><td>Daulatrao Scindia and the British<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Treaty of Mandasaur<\/td><td>1818<\/td><td>Holkar and Britishers<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Mysore\"><\/span>The Mysore<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Following the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in AD 1565, Mysore gained independence under the<strong> Hindu Wodeyar Dynasty.<\/strong><\/li><li>Between AD 1731 and 1734, the two brothers <strong>Devaraja and Nanaraja<\/strong> seized power in the state, emerging as the de facto rulers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>The state became a point of contention between the <strong>Peshwa and Nizam.<\/strong> During the Second Carnatic War, Nanaraja initially allied with the English to capture <strong>Tiruchirapalli (Tamil Nadu),<\/strong> but later shifted his allegiance from the English to the French.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Some notable rulers of Mysore include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Haider_Ali_AD_1760-1782\"><\/span>Haider Ali (AD 1760-1782)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He commenced his career as a<strong> soldier<\/strong> in the service of the Mysore state, later rising to the position of <strong>Commander-in-Chief<\/strong> and earning a commendable record as the <strong>Faujdar of Dindigul.<\/strong><\/li><li>He introduced Western-style training for his troops and established a modern Arsenal (AD 1755) at Dindigul with assistance from the French.<\/li><li>In AD 1759, he successfully defended<strong> Srirangapatnam (<\/strong>the capital of Mysore) against the Marathas, earning the title of Fateh Haider Bahadur (brave victorious lion) from Nanaraja, the de facto ruler, while<strong> Chikka Krishna Raja <\/strong>retained the de jure title of ruler of Mysore.<\/li><li>Allied with the <strong>French and the Nizam, Haider Ali<\/strong> dealt a crushing defeat to the English in the First Anglo-Mysore War (AD 1767-1769), compelling them to sign a humiliating treaty, the Treaty of Madras, in April 1769.<\/li><li>In AD 1781, he suffered defeat at the hands of<strong> Eyre Coote in the Battle of Portonovo.<\/strong><\/li><li>During the S<strong>econd Anglo-Mysore War (AD 1780-1784),<\/strong> Haider Ali, in alliance with the Marathas and the Nizam, captured Arcot and inflicted a humiliating defeat on the English once again in AD 1782.<\/li><li>He passed away on 7th December 1782 during the progression of the Second Anglo-Mysore War.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Tipu_Sultan_AD_1782-1799\"><\/span>Tipu Sultan (AD 1782-1799)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Following <strong>Haider Ali&#8217;s reign<\/strong>, Tipu Sultan, in contrast to his father, deposed the<strong> Raja of Mysore <\/strong>and openly assumed the title of <strong>Sultan in AD 1786.<\/strong><\/li><li>The Second War with the British continued until AD 1784, when both sides grew weary and established peace through the <strong>Treaty of Mangalore (March 1784<\/strong>) based on the mutual restitution of conquests. Tipu Sultan defeated the coalition army of <strong>Marathas and Nizam.<\/strong><\/li><li>Engaging in the <strong>Third Anglo-Mysore War (AD 1790-1792)<\/strong>, where the <strong>Marathas and Nizam <\/strong>allied with the British, Tipu Sultan signed the <strong>Treaty of Srirangapatnam<\/strong> (March 1792), resulting in the surrender of nearly half of Mysore&#8217;s territory to the victorious allies.<\/li><li>The<strong> Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (AD 1799) <\/strong>concluded with the complete collapse of Tipu Sultan&#8217;s power, and he died in battle.<\/li><li>Tipu Sultan reorganized the infantry following European lines and attempted to establish a modern navy with two dockyards.<\/li><li>He dispatched ambassadors to France, Turkey, Iran, Peru, and<strong> Zaman Shah<\/strong> of Afghanistan to develop foreign trade.<\/li><li>Introducing a new system of coinage, scales of weights and measures, and a new calendar, Tipu Sultan, like his father, issued coins featuring the images of Hindu deities.<\/li><li>He held great regard for Jagadguru <strong>Shankaracharya of Sringeri <\/strong>and provided funds for the repairs of temples.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Treaties_signed_by_Haider_Ali_and_Tipu_Sultan\"><\/span>Treaties signed by Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Treaty of Madras AD 1769:<\/strong> Restored conquered territories to their respective owners.<\/li><li><strong>Treaty of Mangalore AD 1784: <\/strong>Mutually restored conquered territories and liberated war prisoners.<\/li><li><strong>Treaty of Srirangapatnam AD 1792<\/strong>, signed by Tipu by which he had to cede half of his territory to the campaign and paid huge war reparation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Facts_About_Tipu\"><\/span>Important Facts About Tipu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>He was a great admirer of <strong>Jagadguru Shankaracharya<\/strong> of Sringeri and offered him funds for the establishment of the image of <strong>Goddess <\/strong>Sharda which was vandalized by <strong>Marathas<\/strong><\/li><li>Tarikh-i-Khudal is his autobiography. He wrote a military manual, <strong>Fatahul Mujahidin<\/strong>, in which rocket technology and rocket brigades were mentioned.<\/li><li>(Bangalore) He completed the <strong>Lal Bagh Project<\/strong> started by Haider and also laid the foundation of the<strong> Krishnaraj Sagar<\/strong> Dam on the Kaveri River.<\/li><li>Took a keen interests in the French Revolution and became a member of the Jacobin club. He also planted the Tree of Liberty at Srirangapatnam and called himself <strong>Citizen Tipu.<\/strong><\/li><li>The famous temple of <strong>Sri Rangnath<\/strong> was situated barely a hundred yards from his place.<\/li><li>He assumed the title of<strong> Padshah in AD 1797<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_Facts\"><\/span>Prelims Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Vikramshila Mahavira was established by which ruler? <strong>Pala Dynasty (UPPSC (Mains) 2005<\/strong><\/li><li>Epigraphic record (inscriptions) suggest that in ancient India, the ruler of Bihar had contract with&nbsp; <strong>Java Sumatra [BPSC (Pre) 1999)<\/strong><\/li><li>The Odant\u00edpur Education Centre was situated at which place? <strong>-Bihar (BPSC (Pre) 2018)<\/strong><\/li><li>Sandhyakar Nandi was the court poet of which dynasty? <strong>&#8211; Palas [WBCS (Pre) 2021)<\/strong><\/li><li>Who was the founder of the Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty? <strong>-Harichandra (UPPSC (Pre) 2003]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which ruler laid the foundation of Rashtrakuta empire ? <strong>Dantidurga [IAS (Pre) 2006)<\/strong><\/li><li>Which ruler of the Rashtrakutas dynasty performed a ritual called &#8216;Hiranyagarbha? <strong>Dantidurga (UPPSC (Pre) 2013]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which South Indian dynasty played an important role in&nbsp; Tripartite Struggle? <strong>-Rashtrakutas (IPSC (Pre) 2013\/<\/strong><\/li><li>Which Rashtrakuta ruler was born in a military camp in the course of his fathers campaign? <strong>&#8211; Amoghavarsha I (UPPSC (Mains) 2013]<\/strong><\/li><li>Who built the Tribhuvan Narayan temple of Chittor? <strong>&#8211; Paramara Rajabhoja [MPPSC (Pre) 2019<\/strong><\/li><li>Kumaradevi, a queen of Govind Chandra Gahadavala, constructed Dharma-Chakra- Jana Vihara at <strong>-Sarnath (UPPSC (Mains) 2007]<\/strong><\/li><li>The famous battle of Takkolam of South India was fought between&#8230;&#8230;. and &#8211;<strong> Cholas and Rashtrakutas (UPPSC (Pre) 2003)<\/strong><\/li><li>Which dynasty was designated at Balhar by the Arab travellers <strong>&#8211; Rashtrakutas [WBCS (Pre 2022<\/strong><\/li><li>Which Rashtrakuta ruler built the Kailash temple of Ellora <strong>Krishna I [UPPSC (Pre) 2010<\/strong><\/li><li>In which place, the Cave temple built by the Rashtrakutas in the Ellora mountains are located? <strong>Aurangabad (Maharashtra) [UPPSC (Pre) 2017<\/strong><\/li><li>Who is considered as the greatest king of Pratihara dynasty? <strong>&#8211; Mihir Bhoja [UPPSC (Pre) 2010<\/strong><\/li><li>In which modern day state, the university of Vikramshla was located? &#8211;<strong> Bihar [JPSC (Pre)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><li>Which king was the founder of Pala Dynasty? <strong>&#8211; Gopala (UPPSC (Mains) 2018<\/strong><\/li><li>The Luxman era was started by which dynasty? <strong>&#8211; Sena Dynasty (UPPSC (Pre) 2018<\/strong><\/li><li>What is the name of very important Seaport of Kakatiya Kingdom? <strong>-Motupalli [IAS (Pre) 2017<\/strong><\/li><li>Mahodaya&#8217; is an old name of which region? <strong>Kannauj (UPPSC (Mains) 2012<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_which_one_of_the_following_was_the_last_governor_of_bengal_appointed_by_the_mughal_emperor_UPPSC_Mains_2013\"><\/span>1. which one of the following was the last governor of bengal appointed by the mughal emperor?&nbsp; UPPSC (Mains) 2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Sarfraz Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Murshid Quli Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Alivardi Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Shuja-ud-din Muhammad Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Which_of_the_following_shifted_his_capital_from_Murshidabad_to_Munger_IAS_Pre_2005\"><\/span>2. Which of the following shifted his capital from Murshidabad to Munger? IAS (Pre) 2005<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Alivardi Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Siraj-ud-Daulah<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Mir Jafar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Mir Qasim<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Which_of_the_following_statements_is_incorrect_about_the_Treaty_of_Allahabad\"><\/span>3. Which of the following statements is incorrect about the Treaty of Allahabad?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) It was signed in AD 1765.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) The Mughal Emperor formally granted the Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to the East India Company by a farman.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Awadh was restored to its Nawab on payment of ? 50 Lakh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Banaras and the surrounding tracts were detatched from Awadh and handed over to Shah Alam II.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Who_among_the_following_was_the_founder_of_Awadh_state_in_the_18th_century\"><\/span>4. Who among the following was the founder of Awadh state in the 18th century?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Murshid Quli Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(b) Saadat Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Alivardi Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Sarfaraz Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_In_AD_1856_Awadh_would_not_have_been_included_in_the_British_empire_if\"><\/span>5. In AD 1856, Awadh would not have been included in the British empire, if<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) the Nawab of Awadh would have forged an alliance with the British.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) the Nawab of Awadh would not have refused to implement the reforms suggested by the British.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) the Nawab of Awadh would have fought against the British.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) the Nawab of Awadh would have had a natural successor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Who_was_the_first_Indian_native_ruler_to_accept_the_Subsidiary_Treaty_System_MPPSC_Pre_2009\"><\/span>6. Who was the first Indian native ruler to accept the Subsidiary Treaty System? MPPSC (Pre) 2009<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Scindia of Gwalior<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Nizam of Hyderabad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Dalip Singh of Punjab<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Gaikwad of Baroda<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Statement_I_In_AD_1856_Nawab_Wajid_Ali_Shah_was_deposed_and_exiled_Calcutta_on_the_grounds_of_misrule_in_his_area\"><\/span>7. Statement (I) In AD 1856, Nawab Wajid Ali Shah was deposed and exiled Calcutta on the grounds of misrule in his area.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Statement_II_The_charge_on_the_Nawab_was_that_he_was_unable_to_gain_control_over_the_rebel_Chieftains_and_Taluqdars\"><\/span>Statement (II) The charge on the Nawab was that he was unable to gain control over the rebel Chieftains and Taluqdars.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Both statements I and Il are correct and statement lI<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>explains statement I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Statement I and Il both are correct, but statement lI does not explain statement I.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Statement I is correct, but statement Il is false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Statement Il is correct, statement I is false.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Under_which_king_the_Kingdom_of_Travancore_rose_into_prominence_after_AD_1729\"><\/span>8. Under which king, the Kingdom of Travancore rose into prominence after AD 1729?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) King Marthanda Varma&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Murshid Quli Khan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Siraj-ud-Daula<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Mir Qasim<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_The_kingdom_of_Ranjit_Singh_included\"><\/span>9. The kingdom of Ranjit Singh included<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Delhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Kabul<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Makran<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Srinagar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_Which_one_of_the_following_statements_is_correct_about_Dalip_Singh_the_ex-Maharaja_of_Punjab_UPPSC_Mains_2013\"><\/span>10. Which one of the following statements is correct about Dalip Singh, the ex-Maharaja of Punjab? UPPSC (Mains) 2013<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) He died in Paris on 22nd October, 1893.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) He was cremated at Nasik.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) He never renounced the Sikh faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) He had never visited Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_Who_among_the_following_Indian_rulers_established_embassies_in_foreign_countries_on_modern_lines_IAS_Pre_2001_UPPSC_Pre_2011\"><\/span>11. Who among the following Indian rulers established embassies in foreign countries on modern lines? IAS (Pre) 2001, UPPSC (Pre) 2011<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Haider Ali<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Mir Qasim<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Shah Alam II<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Tipu Sultan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_Which_one_of_the_statements_is_not_correct\"><\/span>12. Which one of the statements is not correct?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Ali Mardan Khan introduced the system of revenue farming in Bengal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Maharaja Ranjit Singh set up modern foundries to manufacture cannons at Lahore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Sawai Jai Singh of Amber had Euclid&#8217;s &#8216;Elements of Geometry&#8217; translated into Sanskrit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Sultan Tipu of Mysore gave money for the construction of the idol of Goddess Sharda in the Shringeri temple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8 (A)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10. (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_the_significance_of_the_rise_of_regional_states_in_modern_Indian_history\"><\/span>Q1: What is the significance of the rise of regional states in modern Indian history?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: The rise of regional states in modern Indian history marked a significant shift in political dynamics. As the Mughal Empire weakened, regional states emerged, contributing to the decentralization of power. This period saw the establishment of strong, independent kingdoms that played a crucial role in shaping the political landscape of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_Which_were_the_prominent_regional_states_that_emerged_during_the_decline_of_the_Mughal_Empire\"><\/span>Q2: Which were the prominent regional states that emerged during the decline of the Mughal Empire?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: Some prominent regional states that emerged during the decline of the Mughal Empire include the Marathas, the Sikhs, the Jats, and various kingdoms in the South like the Carnatic and Mysore. These states asserted their sovereignty and played pivotal roles in the political and cultural history of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_How_did_the_Marathas_rise_to_power_as_a_regional_state\"><\/span>Q3: How did the Marathas rise to power as a regional state?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: The Marathas rose to power under the leadership of Shivaji and later expanded their influence under leaders like the Peshwas. Through military prowess and strategic alliances, the Marathas established a powerful confederacy that challenged the Mughal authority. Their efficient administration and military tactics contributed to the rise of the Maratha Empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_What_role_did_regional_states_play_in_resisting_foreign_invasions_during_the_modern_period\"><\/span>Q4: What role did regional states play in resisting foreign invasions during the modern period?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: Regional states played a crucial role in resisting foreign invasions during the modern period. For instance, the Sikh Empire, under leaders like Maharaja Ranjit Singh, successfully defended against external threats. Similarly, various regional kingdoms in the South resisted European colonial powers, contributing to the overall resistance against foreign domination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_How_did_the_rise_of_regional_states_impact_the_cultural_and_economic_landscape_of_India\"><\/span>Q5: How did the rise of regional states impact the cultural and economic landscape of India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: The rise of regional states had a profound impact on the cultural and economic landscape of India. It led to the flourishing of regional languages, art, and architecture. Economic activities thrived under the patronage of regional rulers, fostering trade and commerce. This period witnessed the development of unique regional cultures that continue to influence India&#8217;s diversity today.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UPSC NCERT Notes on the &#8220;Rise of Regional States&#8221; in modern history provide a comprehensive overview of the political landscape during a crucial period. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":23431,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1481],"tags":[291,1052,1482,2834,232,140],"class_list":["post-23430","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ncert-modern-history-notes","tag-modern-history","tag-ncert-notes","tag-regional-states","tag-rise-of-regional-states","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23430","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23430"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23430\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35728,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23430\/revisions\/35728"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23431"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23430"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23430"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23430"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}