{"id":23591,"date":"2024-01-25T11:59:27","date_gmt":"2024-01-25T11:59:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=23591"},"modified":"2024-03-28T05:15:07","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T05:15:07","slug":"upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC NCERT Notes &#8211; Modern History &#8211; Development of Education and Press"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In the fascinating tapestry of India&#8217;s modern history, the development of education and press stands as a pivotal chapter, emblematic of the nation&#8217;s quest for enlightenment and empowerment. As India emerged from the shadows of colonial rule, the seeds of educational reform were sown, laying the groundwork for a transformative journey towards widespread literacy and intellectual emancipation. Within this narrative, the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) NCERT Notes serve as guiding beacons, illuminating the milestones, challenges, and triumphs that have shaped the evolution of education and the press in India. From the establishment of schools and universities to the proliferation of newspapers and journals, each stride toward progress reflects the indomitable spirit of a nation marching steadfastly toward a brighter future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e1f68f592d5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e1f68f592d5\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Introduction\" title=\"Introduction\">Introduction<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Development_of_Education_Under_the_East_India_Company\" title=\"Development of Education Under the East India Company\">Development of Education Under the East India Company<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Education_Under_Act_of_1813\" title=\"Education Under Act of 1813\">Education Under Act of 1813<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#General_Committee_of_Public_Instruction_in_1823\" title=\"General Committee of Public Instruction in 1823\">General Committee of Public Instruction in 1823<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Orientalist-Anglicist_Controversy\" title=\"Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy\">Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Role_of_Christian_Missionaries_in_Indian_Education\" title=\"Role of Christian Missionaries in Indian Education\">Role of Christian Missionaries in Indian Education<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Serampore_Mission_1800-1845\" title=\"Serampore Mission (1800-1845)\">Serampore Mission (1800-1845)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Lord_Macaulays_Minute_1835\" title=\"Lord Macaulay&#8217;s Minute (1835)\">Lord Macaulay&#8217;s Minute (1835)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Contributions_of_the_Europeans\" title=\"Contributions of the Europeans:\">Contributions of the Europeans:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Woods_Despatch_1854\" title=\"Wood&#8217;s Despatch (1854):\">Wood&#8217;s Despatch (1854):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Development_of_Education_Under_Crown_Rule\" title=\"Development of Education Under Crown Rule:\">Development of Education Under Crown Rule:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#The_Hunter_Education_Commission_1882-83\" title=\"The Hunter Education Commission (1882-83)\">The Hunter Education Commission (1882-83)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Indian_University_Act_1904\" title=\"Indian University Act (1904):\">Indian University Act (1904):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Government_Resolution_on_Education_Policy_1913\" title=\"Government Resolution on Education Policy (1913):\">Government Resolution on Education Policy (1913):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Sadler_Commission_1917-1919\" title=\"Sadler Commission (1917-1919):\">Sadler Commission (1917-1919):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Hartog_Committee_1929\" title=\"Hartog Committee (1929):\">Hartog Committee (1929):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Wardha_Scheme_of_Basic_Education_1937\" title=\"Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937):\">Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#The_Sargent_Plan_1944\" title=\"The Sargent Plan (1944):\">The Sargent Plan (1944):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Evaluation_of_British_Policy_on_Education\" title=\"Evaluation of British Policy on Education:\">Evaluation of British Policy on Education:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Nationalist_Approach_to_Education_before_Independence\" title=\"Nationalist Approach to Education before Independence:\">Nationalist Approach to Education before Independence:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Education_After_Independence\" title=\"Education After Independence:\">Education After Independence:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Development_of_Technical_Education\" title=\"Development of Technical Education:\">Development of Technical Education:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Development_of_Press_in_India\" title=\"Development of Press in India:\">Development of Press in India:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Press_Laws_and_Regulations_in_British_India\" title=\"Press Laws and Regulations in British India:\">Press Laws and Regulations in British India:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Censorship_of_the_Press_Act_1799\" title=\"Censorship of the Press Act (1799):\">Censorship of the Press Act (1799):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Licensing_Regulations_1823\" title=\"Licensing Regulations (1823):\">Licensing Regulations (1823):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#India_Press_Act_1835\" title=\"India Press Act (1835):\">India Press Act (1835):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Licensing_Act_1857\" title=\"Licensing Act (1857):\">Licensing Act (1857):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Registration_Act_1867\" title=\"Registration Act (1867):\">Registration Act (1867):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Vernacular_Press_Act_1878\" title=\"Vernacular Press Act (1878):\">Vernacular Press Act (1878):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Newspapers_Act_1908\" title=\"Newspapers Act (1908):\">Newspapers Act (1908):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Indian_Press_Act_1910\" title=\"Indian Press Act (1910):\">Indian Press Act (1910):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Developments_During_the_First_World_War_1914-18\" title=\"Developments During the First World War (1914-18):\">Developments During the First World War (1914-18):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#The_Indian_Press_Act_1931\" title=\"The Indian Press Act (1931):\">The Indian Press Act (1931):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#The_Foreign_Relations_Act_1932\" title=\"The Foreign Relations Act (1932):\">The Foreign Relations Act (1932):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Indian_States_Protection_Act_1934\" title=\"Indian States (Protection) Act (1934):\">Indian States (Protection) Act (1934):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Developments_During_the_Second_World_War_1939-45\" title=\"Developments During the Second World War (1939-45):\">Developments During the Second World War (1939-45):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Press_Enquiry_Committee_1947\" title=\"Press Enquiry Committee (1947):\">Press Enquiry Committee (1947):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Press_Trust_of_India_1948\" title=\"Press Trust of India (1948):\">Press Trust of India (1948):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Developments_After_Independence\" title=\"Developments After Independence:\">Developments After Independence:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Press_Commission_of_India_1952\" title=\"Press Commission of India (1952):\">Press Commission of India (1952):<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Important_Newspapers_Journals_and_their_Founders\" title=\"Important Newspapers, Journals, and their Founders\">Important Newspapers, Journals, and their Founders<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Prelims_Facts\" title=\"Prelims Facts\">Prelims Facts<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\" title=\"UPSC NCERT Practice Questions\">UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#1_Which_of_the_following_led_to_the_introduction_of_English_education_in_India_UPPSC_Pre_2017\" title=\"1. Which of the following led to the introduction of English education in India? UPPSC (Pre) 2017\">1. Which of the following led to the introduction of English education in India? UPPSC (Pre) 2017<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#2_The_foundation_of_the_modern_educational_system_in_India_was_laid_by_IAS_Pre_1993_2015\" title=\"2. The foundation of the modern educational system in India was laid by IAS (Pre) 1993, 2015\">2. The foundation of the modern educational system in India was laid by IAS (Pre) 1993, 2015<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#3_Regarding_Woods_Despatch_which_of_the_following_statements_are_true_IAS_Pre_2018\" title=\"3. Regarding Wood&#8217;s Despatch, which of the following statements are true? IAS (Pre) 2018\">3. Regarding Wood&#8217;s Despatch, which of the following statements are true? IAS (Pre) 2018<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#4_Which_of_the_following_colleges_was_the_first_to_be_established_UPPSC_Pre_2012\" title=\"4. Which of the following colleges was the first to be established? UPPSC (Pre) 2012\">4. Which of the following colleges was the first to be established? UPPSC (Pre) 2012<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#5_Which_of_the_following_was_a_recommendation_of_Hunters_Commission_UPSC_Pre_2014\" title=\"5. Which of the following was a recommendation of Hunter&#8217;s Commission? UPSC (Pre) 2014\">5. Which of the following was a recommendation of Hunter&#8217;s Commission? UPSC (Pre) 2014<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#6_The_Indian_Universities_Commission_was_eli_appointed_in_1902_by_Lord_Curzon_its_members_were_BPSC_Pre_2020\" title=\"6. The Indian Universities Commission was eli appointed in 1902 by Lord Curzon, its members were BPSC (Pre) 2020\">6. The Indian Universities Commission was eli appointed in 1902 by Lord Curzon, its members were BPSC (Pre) 2020<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#7_Which_of_the_following_statements_are_true_about_the_Vernacular_Press_Act_of_1878_MPSC_Pre_2015\" title=\"7. Which of the following statements are true about the Vernacular Press Act of 1878? MPSC (Pre) 2015\">7. Which of the following statements are true about the Vernacular Press Act of 1878? MPSC (Pre) 2015<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#8_From_the_options_given_below_find_the_correct_combination_of_the_names_of_editors_of_the_nationalist_newspapers_%E2%80%98The_Hindu_Kesari_Bengalee_Hindustani_and_Sudharak_BPSC_Pre_2018\" title=\"8. From the options given below, find the correct combination of the names of editors of the nationalist newspapers &#8216;The Hindu, Kesari, Bengalee, Hindustani and Sudharak&#8217;. BPSC (Pre) 2018\">8. From the options given below, find the correct combination of the names of editors of the nationalist newspapers &#8216;The Hindu, Kesari, Bengalee, Hindustani and Sudharak&#8217;. BPSC (Pre) 2018<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#9_Which_of_the_following_pairs_is_correctly_matched_UPPSC_Pre_2001_UPPSC_Mains_2004\" title=\"9. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2001, UPPSC (Mains) 2004\">9. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2001, UPPSC (Mains) 2004<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Know_Right_Answer\" title=\"Know Right Answer\">Know Right Answer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Q1_What_is_the_significance_of_the_Woods_Despatch_in_the_development_of_education_during_the_colonial_period\" title=\"Q1: What is the significance of the Wood&#8217;s Despatch in the development of education during the colonial period?\">Q1: What is the significance of the Wood&#8217;s Despatch in the development of education during the colonial period?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Q2_How_did_the_introduction_of_English_education_impact_society_during_the_colonial_period\" title=\"Q2: How did the introduction of English education impact society during the colonial period?\">Q2: How did the introduction of English education impact society during the colonial period?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Q3_What_role_did_the_press_play_in_the_Indian_nationalist_movement\" title=\"Q3: What role did the press play in the Indian nationalist movement?\">Q3: What role did the press play in the Indian nationalist movement?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Q4_How_did_the_Hunter_Commission_contribute_to_the_development_of_education_in_India\" title=\"Q4: How did the Hunter Commission contribute to the development of education in India?\">Q4: How did the Hunter Commission contribute to the development of education in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Q5_What_were_the_challenges_faced_by_the_education_system_during_the_colonial_period_as_highlighted_in_the_NCERT_notes\" title=\"Q5: What were the challenges faced by the education system during the colonial period, as highlighted in the NCERT notes?\">Q5: What were the challenges faced by the education system during the colonial period, as highlighted in the NCERT notes?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-ncert-notes-modern-history-development-of-education-and-press\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;\u00a0here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction\"><\/span>Introduction<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Initially, the British<strong> East India Company <\/strong>showed little interest in the development of the education system, as their primary focus was on<strong> trade and profit-making.<\/strong><\/li><li>For the first 60 years of their rule, the East India Company did not prioritize the education of the people under their governance in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The development of education under British rule can be analyzed in two distinct phases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&nbsp;Development of education under the East India Company<\/li><li>&nbsp;Development of education under Crown rule<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_of_Education_Under_the_East_India_Company\"><\/span>Development of Education Under the East India Company<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The East India Company implemented a few measures to promote and enhance education in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>In 1781, <strong>Lord Warren Hastings<\/strong> established the <strong>Calcutta Madrasa<\/strong>, focusing on Muslim law and related subjects.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Jonathan Duncan<\/strong> initiated the establishment of the <strong>Sanskrit College <\/strong>in Varanasi, focusing on the study of Hindu Law and Philosophy. In 1800, Wellesley founded Fort William College to train civil servants of the East India Company in Indian languages and customs.<\/li><li>Enlightened Indians and missionaries began advocating for the government&#8217;s support in promoting modern, secular, Western education. They believed that Western education could address the social, economic, and political challenges facing the country.<\/li><li>Some missionaries anticipated that modern education might lead Indians away from their native religions toward Christianity, while others, like the <strong>Serampore missionaries<\/strong>, actively supported the spread of education.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Education_Under_Act_of_1813\"><\/span>Education Under Act of 1813<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Education Under the Act of 1813 saw influential English missionary activists like Charles Grant and William Wilberforce influencing the East India Company to abandon its non-intervention policy in education.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The 1813 Charter, for the first time, mandated that the Governor-General in council allocate a sum not less than 1 lakh for education, but the company primarily used this fund to promote Indian languages and literature.<\/li><li>In 1817, <strong>Calcutta College<\/strong> was established with the efforts of<strong> Raja Ram Mohan Roy,<\/strong> aiming to impart Western education. Additionally, three Sanskrit colleges were set up in Calcutta.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Committee_of_Public_Instruction_in_1823\"><\/span>General Committee of Public Instruction in 1823<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The establishment of the General Committee of Public Instruction in 1823 marked a pivotal moment for the development of education in India.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Dominated by <strong>Orientalists<\/strong>, the committee advocated for the promotion of Oriental learning over Anglican education.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>However, mounting pressure from various quarters, both in England and India, prompted the East India Company to support Western education.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Orientalist-Anglicist_Controversy\"><\/span>Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy was an ideological conflict during British colonial rule in India, centered around the organization of modern education. <strong>Orientalists, l<\/strong>ed by figures like Dr. HH Wilson and HT Prinsep, supported the continuation of existing institutions of Oriental learning and the promotion of the Indian classical tradition.&nbsp;<\/li><li>They advocated for Sanskrit, Arabic, and Persian as the mediums of education. Key initiatives in this direction included the establishment of the Calcutta Madrasa by Warren Hastings in 1781, the Benares Sanskrit College by Jonathan Duncan in 1791, and the founding of the Asiatic Society of <strong>Bengal by William Jones in 1784.<\/strong><\/li><li>Contrastingly, Anglicists, led by Charles Trevelyan and Mountstuart Elphinstone, advocated for providing Western education to natives through the English medium. Progressive Indians of the time, including <strong>Raja Ram Mohan Roy, <\/strong>supported the Anglicists. Lord Macaulay, a prominent Anglicist, played a crucial role in settling the debate in their favor with his famous minute known as<strong> Macaulay&#8217;s Minute of 1835. <\/strong>Consequently, English became the mode of instruction in all schools, replacing Persian.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Role_of_Christian_Missionaries_in_Indian_Education\"><\/span>Role of Christian Missionaries in Indian Education<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The spread of modern education in India during the initial period was not solely the work of the British <strong>Government;<\/strong> Christian missionaries played a vital role in introducing Western education.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Between 1813 and 1833, missionaries initiated numerous <strong>primary schools,<\/strong> contributing significantly to the reorganization of education in India. The structure of <strong>modern schools<\/strong> was often modeled on <strong>missionary school systems.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Serampore_Mission_1800-1845\"><\/span>Serampore Mission (1800-1845)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Serampore Mission marked India&#8217;s inaugural Christian missionary organization, founded by Joshua Marshman, William Carey, and William Ward, collectively known as the Serampore Trio. Initially, the mission faced restrictions on preaching the biblical religion due to a ban imposed by the British East India Company Government.<\/li><li>In 1812, the company lifted the ban, and subsequently, the mission played a pivotal role in various fields such as industry, literature, science, newspapers, periodicals, and social reforms. This contributed significantly to the cultural renaissance in the country.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>The primary objective of Christian missionaries arriving in India was to establish schools as Christian spiritual and religious centers. Through education, they aimed to eliminate practices like idol worship, polytheism, bigotry, polygamy, and various superstitions. Their overarching goal was to evangelize the native population and disprove the validity of native religions.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In practice, the outcomes differed for Christian Educational Missionaries in India. While instances of religious conversion occurred,<strong> Christian schools<\/strong> prioritized examination preparation over the time needed for spiritual and religious lessons.<\/li><li>Additionally, Christian missionaries heavily relied on government funds to operate schools, and adherence to the prescribed curriculum was mandatory to receive these funds. The <strong>colonial government,<\/strong> mindful of social harmony and trade interests, did not actively encourage conversions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lord_Macaulays_Minute_1835\"><\/span>Lord Macaulay&#8217;s Minute (1835)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>On February 2, 1835, the British historian and administrator, Thomas Babington Macaulay, presented his &#8216;Minute on Indian<strong> Education,&#8217; also known as the English Education Act of 1835.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Macaulay, appointed as the first<strong> Law member to the Executive Counci<\/strong>l of Governor-General William Bentinck in India, addressed the Orientalist-Anglicist Controversy.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Assigned to resolve the controversy, Macaulay&#8217;s famous 1835 Minutes favored the Anglicist party, advocating for Western education through the medium of English. He proposed allocating one lakh for &#8216;reviving literature in India&#8217; and promoting scientific knowledge among the inhabitants of British territories.<\/li><li>Supporting the Downward Filtration Theory, Macaulay stated, &#8220;We must at present do our best to form a class of persons, Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and intellect.&#8221; His Minute decisively shaped the policy, medium, means, and aims of education in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>The <strong>Downward Filtration Theory<\/strong> proposed by Macaulay suggested providing English education to a select group of native individuals, through whom Western education could be disseminated to the masses.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Macaulay&#8217;s education policy, outlined in his Minutes, eventually marginalized vernacular languages and knowledge, establishing English as the dominant mode of instruction.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Contributions_of_the_Europeans\"><\/span>Contributions of the Europeans:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 1791, <strong>Jonathan Duncan<\/strong> established the <strong>Sanskrit College<\/strong> to delve into Hindu law and philosophy.<\/li><li><strong>Warren Hastings<\/strong> founded the Calcutta Madrasah in 1781, focusing on laws related to Muslim jurisprudence and associated subjects.<\/li><li>Lord Wellesley, on May 4, 1800, established Fort William College in Calcutta to train Civil Servants and acquaint them with Indian customs, language, and philosophy.<\/li><li>JED <strong>Bethune founded Bethune<\/strong> School in Calcutta in 1849.<\/li><li>The <strong>Agriculture Institute<\/strong> was established in Pusa, Bihar.<\/li><li>An<strong> Engineering Institute <\/strong>was founded in Roorkee.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Woods_Despatch_1854\"><\/span>Wood&#8217;s Despatch (1854):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 1854,<strong> Charles Wood<\/strong> formulated a despatch outlining an educational system for India, often referred to as the<strong> Magna Carta of Education<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Wood&#8217;s scheme emphasized spreading Western education through the English medium for higher education, along with setting up vernacular primary schools in rural areas.<\/li><li>Other recommendations included implementing a grants-in-aid system to encourage private enterprise&#8217;s participation in education, establishing a department of public instruction in each of the five provinces, creating universities in Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras, instituting teacher training institutions, and promoting education for women.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_of_Education_Under_Crown_Rule\"><\/span>Development of Education Under Crown Rule:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>After the Revolt of 1857, the East India Company was abolished, ushering in Crown rule in India and leading to significant educational reforms.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Hunter_Education_Commission_1882-83\"><\/span>The Hunter Education Commission (1882-83)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The Hunter Education Commission (1882-83),<\/strong> formed in 1882, was tasked with reviewing the progress of education in the country since the Despatch of 1854.<\/li><li>The <strong>Hunter Commission<\/strong> primarily focused on recommendations for primary and secondary education. Here are the key recommendations made by the commission:<\/li><li>Emphasized the need for the state&#8217;s special attention to the extension and improvement of primary education, advocating that primary education should be conducted in vernacular languages.<\/li><li>Recommended the transfer of control of primary education to newly established district and municipal boards.<\/li><li>Proposed a two-division structure for secondary (High School) education:<ul><li>Literary division leading to university education.<\/li><li>Vocational division catering to commercial careers.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Addressed the inadequate facilities for female education, especially outside presidency towns, and put forth recommendations for its expansion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Over the next two decades, there was significant growth and expansion in secondary and college education with active Indian participation. New universities were established, such as the Punjab University (1882) and the <strong>Allahabad University (1887).<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indian_University_Act_1904\"><\/span>Indian University Act (1904):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>During Lord Curzon&#8217;s tenure (1899-1905), education faced official restrictions, and individuals were encouraged to express loyalty to British rule.<\/li><li>In 1902, a Raleigh Commission, headed by<strong> Sir Thomas Raleigh, <\/strong>was appointed to enhance the functioning and prospects of Indian Universities.<\/li><li>The commission&#8217;s recommendations resulted in the Indian Universities Act of 1904.<\/li><li>Notable members of the Indian Universities Commission included <strong>Syed Hussain Belgrami and Gooroodas Banerjee.<\/strong><\/li><li>Key provisions of the<strong> Indian Universities Act, of 1904<\/strong>, included a greater emphasis on research activities and adjustments to the number of fellows in a university.<\/li><li>The government was granted the authority to veto university<strong> Senate Regulations<\/strong> and imposed strict regulations for the affiliation of private colleges. A sanction of 5 lakh per annum for five years was allocated for the improvement of higher education.<\/li><li>The Act specified that the number of fellows in a university should not exceed 100, while also promoting research and development.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Resolution_on_Education_Policy_1913\"><\/span>Government Resolution on Education Policy (1913):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The government, in response to the national movement leaders&#8217; demand for <strong>compulsory primary education in British India<\/strong>, declined, citing a reluctance to assume the responsibility of mass education. Instead, they announced a future policy aimed at addressing illiteracy.<\/li><li>Provincial governments were tasked with providing free elementary education to poorer and backward classes, with a focus on improving the quality of secondary education and private initiatives.<\/li><li>The establishment of one university in each province was outlined in the resolution.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Sadler_Commission_1917-1919\"><\/span>Sadler Commission (1917-1919):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Appointed to study the problems of Calcutta University, the Sadler Commission&#8217;s recommendations were also applicable to other universities.<\/li><li>Suggestions included a 12-year school course, a 3-year degree course after the intermediate stage, and increased flexibility in laying down university regulations.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Proposals for centralized unitary residential teaching bodies with autonomy to replace traditional Indian Universities were made, along with provisions for teacher training and female education.<\/li><li>The commission advocated for the institution of university degrees, diplomas, and applied science and technology courses.<\/li><li>Following the recommendations, seven universities were established from 1916 to 1921. Control of the Education Department was transferred to provincial ministries after the <strong>Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms (1919).<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hartog_Committee_1929\"><\/span>Hartog Committee (1929):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&nbsp;Advocated a policy focused on consolidating and improving primary education.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Recommended a selective system of admission to universities and the introduction of diversified courses leading to industrial and commercial careers.<\/li><li>&nbsp;Emphasized the need for improvement in universities.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wardha_Scheme_of_Basic_Education_1937\"><\/span>Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Proposed by <strong>Gandhiji<\/strong> and formulated by the <strong>Zakir Hussain Committee<\/strong> after a series of articles in the Harijan.<\/li><li>Emphasized learning through activity and vocational education.<\/li><li>Detailed plans, focusing on manual productive work, were prepared by the committee. However, the scheme could only be implemented after 1947 due to the resignation of Congress ministries.<\/li><li>Stressed the inclusion of basic handicrafts in the syllabus, free and compulsory education for the first seven years, and the use of the mother tongue as the medium of instruction until class 7, followed by English from class 8 onward.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Sargent_Plan_1944\"><\/span>The Sargent Plan (1944):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The <strong>Central Advisory Board of Education,<\/strong> in 1943, presented findings and recommendations known as the Sargent Report of 1944 to the Executive Council of the Governor-General.<\/li><li>Major recommendations included the introduction of pre-primary education for children aged 3 to 6 years.<\/li><li>Implementation of universal, compulsory, and free primary or basic education for all children aged 6 to 14. Provision of high school education for selected children aged 11 to 17.<\/li><li>Introduction of a three-year university course following the Higher Secondary Examination.<\/li><li>Expansion of technical, commercial, and art education for both full-time and part-time students on a sufficient scale.<\/li><li>Eradication of adult illiteracy and the establishment of public libraries within a 20-year period.<\/li><li>Proper training of teachers to execute the plan effectively.<\/li><li>Enforcement of compulsory physical education, medical inspection, provision of milk, and mid-day meals for undernourished children.<\/li><li>Establishment of an Employment Bureau, provision of education for handicapped children, and promotion of social and recreational activities.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Evaluation_of_British_Policy_on_Education\"><\/span>Evaluation of British Policy on Education:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The traditional Indian learning system gradually declined, especially after 1844 when fluency in English became a prerequisite for government employment.<\/li><li>Neglect of mass education led to widespread <strong>illiteracy (84% in 1911 and 92% in 1921) <\/strong>and created a significant linguistic and cultural gap between the educated elite and the masses.<\/li><li><strong>Scientific and technical education<\/strong> was largely overlooked, with only three medical colleges and one engineering college (open only to Europeans and Eurasians) by 1857.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nationalist_Approach_to_Education_before_Independence\"><\/span>Nationalist Approach to Education before Independence:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The<strong> National Council of Education<\/strong>, founded by Satish Chandra Mukherjee, played a role in revolutionary activities during the<strong> Swadeshi Movement.<\/strong><\/li><li>Rabindranath Tagore established Vishwa <strong>Bharati University <\/strong>at Shantiniketan in Bengal.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Education_After_Independence\"><\/span>Education After Independence:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Following independence, the <strong>Radhakrishnan Commission <\/strong>was established in November 1948 to assess university education. The primary recommendations included:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;Implementation of 12 years of pre-university studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Restructuring higher education to provide general, liberal, and occupational education, with increased emphasis on fields such as agriculture, law, and medicine, and improvements in engineering and technical institutes.<\/li><li>Exclusion of<strong> university education as a compulsory<\/strong> requirement for administrative services.<\/li><li>Introduction of subject-wise exams at various stages to obtain the first degree<\/li><li>Standardization of examination norms across all universities.<\/li><li>Enhanced pay scale for teachers.<\/li><li>Establishment of the <strong>University Grants Commission (UGC)<\/strong> to oversee the national pattern of education and formulate general principles and policies for educational development.<\/li><li>In 1968, the <strong>Indian Government<\/strong> adopted a resolution, primarily based on the recommendations of the 1964 <strong>Kothari Commission<\/strong>, which emphasized a three-language formula involving regional languages.<\/li><li>In line with the Radhakrishnan Commission&#8217;s recommendation, the<strong> University Grants Commission was formed in 1953.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_of_Technical_Education\"><\/span>Development of Technical Education:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>1794:<\/strong> Guindy College of Engineering (affiliated with Madras University)<\/li><li><strong>1835:<\/strong> Medical College in Calcutta, Agriculture College in Pune<\/li><li><strong>1847<\/strong>: Engineering College in Roorkee<\/li><li><strong>1856:<\/strong> Calcutta College of Engineering<\/li><li><strong>1858:<\/strong> Overseers&#8217; School in Poona evolved into Poona College of Engineering (affiliated with Bombay University)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Development_of_Press_in_India\"><\/span>Development of Press in India:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The evolution of the Indian media faced numerous challenges, including developmental <strong>constraints, difficulties related to illiteracy, and colonial repression.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><li>As patriotic movements gained momentum in response to colonial ruthlessness, information dissemination became a crucial tool in the struggle for freedom.<\/li><li>Journalists in the 18th century played a dual role as professionals and nationalists during the freedom struggle.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>The <strong>first British printing<\/strong> press was established in Bombay in 1674, followed by the second in <strong>Madras <\/strong>in 1772 and the third in Calcutta in 1779.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The initial attempts to publish newspapers in India were made by disgruntled employees of the East India Company, aiming to expose malpractices in private trade. The first newspaper in India, titled<strong> &#8220;Hickey&#8217;s Bengal Gazette or The Calcutta General Advertiser,&#8221;<\/strong> was launched by James Augustus Hickey in 1780.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Subsequently, other newspapers emerged in Calcutta and Madras, such as the Calcutta Gazette, the Bengal Journal, the Oriental Magazine, the Madras Courier, and the Indian Gazette.<\/li><li>Throughout the first half of the 19th century, several newspapers operated in the country. Publications like Bangadoot by Ram Mohan Roy and Rast Goftar by Dadabhai Naoroji advocated social reforms, contributing to the awakening of national consciousness.<\/li><li>In 1857, Payam-e-Azadi was initiated in Hindi and Urdu, urging people to resist the British. The first Hindi daily, Samachar Sudhavarashan, and two newspapers in Urdu and Persian, Doorbeen and Sultan-ul-Akhar, faced trial in 1857 for publishing a firman by Bahadur Shah Zafar, encouraging the people to expel the British from India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>The <strong>Jesuits of Goa<\/strong> published the first book in India in 1557, and in 1684, the East India Company established a printing press in Bombay.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46428 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Refer &amp; Earn NOW<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Press_Laws_and_Regulations_in_British_India\"><\/span>Press Laws and Regulations in British India:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The earliest regulatory measures can be traced back to 1799 when Lord Wellesley promulgated the Press Regulations, imposing pre-censorship on the nascent newspaper publishing industry.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>In 1835, the Press Act, introduced by Charles Metcalfe, reversed most of the repressive measures, earning him the title of<strong> &#8220;The Liberator of the Indian Press.&#8221;<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Censorship_of_the_Press_Act_1799\"><\/span>Censorship of the Press Act (1799):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Imposed by <strong>Lord Wellesley<\/strong> due to apprehensions of a French attack on India, the <strong>Censorship of Press Act 1799<\/strong> implemented wartime restrictions on the press.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The regulations mandated newspapers to prominently display the name of the printer, editor, and proprietor in every issue. Publishers were required to submit all material for pre-censorship to the Secretary to the Government. While restrictions were somewhat relaxed under Lord Hastings, the act marked a significant curb on press freedom.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Licensing_Regulations_1823\"><\/span>Licensing Regulations (1823):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Promulgated by J<strong>ohn Adams, the Press Regulations of 1823<\/strong> were more stringent than any previous measures. The regulations primarily targeted Indian-language newspapers or those edited by Indians. Every printer and publisher had to obtain a license to start or use a press.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>The penalty for printing and publishing any literature without the requisite license was a fine of 400 for each publication or imprisonment in default. <strong>Magistrates <\/strong>were authorized to seize unlicensed presses.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>As a consequence of the Act, Raja Ram Mohan Roy&#8217;s <strong>Mirat-ul-Akabar<\/strong> had to cease publication.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"India_Press_Act_1835\"><\/span>India Press Act (1835):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Press Act, also known as the <strong>Metcalfe Act,<\/strong> was enacted by the then Governor-General, Charles Metcalfe.<\/li><li>This Act is credited with being a collaborative effort of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, James Silk Buckingham, and Charles Metcalfe to advocate for press freedom. It successfully relaxed several restrictions previously imposed on the press.<\/li><li>According to the Act, printers\/publishers were required to provide a detailed account of the publication premises and cease operations if a similar declaration was issued.<\/li><li>The<strong> liberal press policy<\/strong> resulting from this Act led to a rapid expansion of newspapers and magazines in India during that period.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Licensing_Act_1857\"><\/span>Licensing Act (1857):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Enacted in response to the emergency caused by the <strong>Rebellion of 1857<\/strong>, this Act imposed restrictions on the press.<\/li><li>It prohibited the keeping or using of printing presses without a license from the government, with the government reserving the discretionary right to grant or revoke licenses at any time.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Metcalfe&#8217;s Act remained in effect until it was ultimately replaced by <strong>the Press and Registration of Books Act XXV of 1867.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Registration_Act_1867\"><\/span>Registration Act (1867):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Press and Registration of Books Act, 1867, was introduced to regulate printing presses, newspapers, and their registration.<\/li><li>Since its enactment during British rule, approximately 95,000 publications, newspapers, periodicals, and printing presses from across the country have been registered.<\/li><li>While the Act aimed to regulate the press and book publishing, it inadvertently contributed to curbing the freedom of speech and expression by providing the government with control over the press.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vernacular_Press_Act_1878\"><\/span>Vernacular Press Act (1878):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This Act aimed to enhance control and suppress the Vernacular Press, which had been highly critical of government policies since 1857 and played a significant role in mobilizing public opinion against the<strong> Imperialist Act of Lytton.<\/strong><\/li><li>A notable drawback of the Act was its discrimination between the English Press and the Vernacular Press, with no right of appeal to a Court of Law. Faced with these restrictions, Amrita<strong> Bazaar Patrika <\/strong>transformed into an English newspaper overnight to evade the Act&#8217;s constraints. Lord Ripon eventually repealed it in 1882.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Newspapers_Act_1908\"><\/span>Newspapers Act (1908):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>During the years 1903-05, widespread protests emerged against<strong> Lord Curzon&#8217;s <\/strong>anti-nationalist activities. In response to curb the Swadeshi and Boycott movements and suppress militant nationalist trends, press restrictions were imposed.<\/li><li>This Act empowered magistrates to seize printing presses and other assets of newspapers publishing objectionable materials that went against government interests. Editors and printers of the offending newspapers had the right to appeal to the High Court within 15 days of the order for forfeiture of the press.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indian_Press_Act_1910\"><\/span>Indian Press Act (1910):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This Act further fortified the government&#8217;s repressive measures and is considered to have revived the adverse features of<strong> Lytton&#8217;s Press Act of 1878.<\/strong><\/li><li>The Act authorized local governments to demand security at the time of registration from the printer or publisher of a newspaper, with the power to forfeit it if objectionable material was published. Every printer was required to submit two copies of each issue to the local government.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td>In 1921, a Press Committee, chaired by <strong>Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru<\/strong>, then Law member of the Viceroy&#8217;s Executive Council, was appointed to review the functioning of Press Laws. Following the committee&#8217;s recommendations, the Press Acts of 1908 and 1910 were repealed.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Developments_During_the_First_World_War_1914-18\"><\/span>Developments During the First World War (1914-18):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Amid the First World War, the Defence of India was enforced, granting extensive powers to the executive.<\/li><li>These powers were utilized not only to quell political agitations but also to suppress open public criticism. As the nationalistic struggle intensified, particularly with the impact of Mahatma Gandhi&#8217;s Civil Disobedience Movement in the 1930s, the Press Ordinance of 1930 was introduced.<\/li><li>Reviving provisions from the Press Act of 1910, this ordinance was succeeded by the <strong>Indian Press Emergency Powers Act 1930,<\/strong> which aimed to enhance control over the press. The Act empowered Provincial Governments with significant authority to curb propaganda related to the <strong>Civil Disobedience Movement.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Indian_Press_Act_1931\"><\/span>The Indian Press Act (1931):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In response to the massive protests during the <strong>Salt Satyagraha led by Gandhiji<\/strong>, the British Government enacted the Indian Press Act of 1931.<\/li><li>This legislation granted extensive powers to suppress publications that undermined the government&#8217;s authority during the <strong>Civil Disobedience Movement<\/strong>.<\/li><li>The Act aimed to prevent the publication of writings that incited violence and included provisions for imprisonment up to 6 months for printing without permission.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Foreign_Relations_Act_1932\"><\/span>The Foreign Relations Act (1932):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Enacted in 1932, the Foreign Relations Act aimed to penalize the publication of newspapers that posed a threat to the relationship between the government and friendly foreign states.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This law was designed to punish any material, including books and newspapers, whose content could be used to defame or harm diplomatic relations.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indian_States_Protection_Act_1934\"><\/span>Indian States (Protection) Act (1934):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Establishing basic guidelines for the press, the Indian States (Protection) Act of 1934 primarily sought to curb irrational press criticism directed at the governments of Indian states.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Developments_During_the_Second_World_War_1939-45\"><\/span>Developments During the Second World War (1939-45):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Under the Defence of India Act, the government assumed special powers during the Second World War. Pre-censorship was enforced, and amendments were made to the Official Secrets Act and the Press Emergency Act.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Press_Enquiry_Committee_1947\"><\/span>Press Enquiry Committee (1947):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Following India&#8217;s independence, the Press Enquiry Committee was established to scrutinize the press laws in the country.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The committee proposed the annulment of the Indian Press (Emergency) Powers Act of 1931.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Press_Trust_of_India_1948\"><\/span>Press Trust of India (1948):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Press Trust of India, abbreviated as PTI, serves as a crucial information source for newspapers.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Since 1953, PTI has been supplying photographs and reports in English, Hindi, and various regional languages to newspapers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Developments_After_Independence\"><\/span>Developments After Independence:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 1951, the Press (Objectionable Matters) Act was enacted, accompanied by an Amendment to Article 19(2) of the Indian Constitution. This legislation granted the government authority to demand and forfeit security for the publication of objectionable content.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Press_Commission_of_India_1952\"><\/span>Press Commission of India (1952):<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The inaugural Press Commission was established in 1952 with specific objectives. <strong>Justice GS Rajadhyaksha <\/strong>chaired the first Press Commission, formed on September 23, 1952, under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The key recommendations of the First Press Commission included:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Establishing a <strong>Press Council to safeguard press freedom<\/strong> and uphold high standards of journalism.<\/li><li>Appointing a<strong> Registrar of Newspapers for India (RNI) <\/strong>to compile an annual account of the press and its status.<\/li><li>Forming a <strong>Press Consultative Committee<\/strong> to foster a harmonious relationship between the government and the press.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_Newspapers_Journals_and_their_Founders\"><\/span>Important Newspapers, Journals, and their Founders<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Newspapers\/Magazines<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Founders\/Editors<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bengal Gazette (India&#8217;s first newspaper)<\/td><td>James Augustus Hickey (1780)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Dighadarshan<\/td><td>Marshman<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Calcutta Journal<\/td><td>JS Buckingham<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Samvad-Kaumudi<\/td><td>Ram Mohan Roy (1821)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mirat-ul-Akabar (First newspaper in Persian)<\/td><td>Ram Mohan Roy (1822)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bangadoot<\/td><td>Ram Mohan Roy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Brahmanical Magazine<\/td><td>Ram Mohan Roy<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rast Goftar (First newspaper in Gujarat)<\/td><td>Dadabhai Naoroji<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vichar Lahari<\/td><td>Krishnashastri Chiplunkar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindu Patriot<\/td><td>Grish Chandra Ghosh (Later Harish Chandra Mukherjee)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Som Prakash<\/td><td>Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indian Mirror<\/td><td>Debendranath Tagore<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bangalee<\/td><td>Grish Chandra Ghosh (Taken over by SN Bannerjee in 1879)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indu Prakash<\/td><td>Gopal Hari Deshmukh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&#8216;Lokahitavadi&#8217;<\/td><td>Native Opinion<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kavi Vachan Sudha<\/td><td>VN Mandalik<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Amrita Bazaar Patrika<\/td><td>Bharatendu Harish Chandra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sudha Vani<\/td><td>Motilal Ghosh, Shishir Kumar Ghosh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Akshay Chandra Sarkar<\/td><td>Bangadarshan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Statesman<\/td><td>Bankim Chandra Chatterjee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindi Pradeep<\/td><td>Robert Knight<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>The Hindu<\/td><td>Vir Raghavacharya and GS Iyer (1878)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Newspapers\/Magazines<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Founders\/Editors<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maratha<\/td><td>Kelkar and Tilak<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kesari<\/td><td>Agarkar, Tilak and Chiplunkar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bangavasi<\/td><td>Joginder Nath Bose<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindustan<\/td><td>Madan Mohan Malaviya<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Modern Review<\/td><td>Ramanand Chatterjee<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indian Review<\/td><td>GN Nateshan<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Swadeshamitram (Tamil)<\/td><td>GS Iyer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kesab Chandra Sen<\/td><td>Sulabh Samachar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sanjibani<\/td><td>Krishna Kumar Mitra<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindustan Standard<\/td><td>Sachchidananda Sinha<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Yugantar<\/td><td>Barindra Kumar Ghosh and Bhupendra Nath Dutta<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sandhya<\/td><td>Brahmavandhav Upadhayaya<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pratap<\/td><td>Ganesh Shankara Vidyarthi<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Al-Hilal<\/td><td>Abul Kalam Azad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Al-Bilag<\/td><td>Abul Kalam Azad<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>New India<\/td><td>Annie Besant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commonweal<\/td><td>Annie Besant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Young India<\/td><td>Gandhi and Indulal Yagnik<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indian Sociologist<\/td><td>Shyamji K Verma<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bande Mataram<\/td><td>Bhikaji Madam Cama<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Talwar<\/td><td>Birendranath Chattopadhyay<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Free Hindustan<\/td><td>Tarak Nath Das<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hindustan Times<\/td><td>KM Pannikar<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kranti<\/td><td>Mirajkar, Jogelkar, Ghate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims_Facts\"><\/span>Prelims Facts<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Who introduced the printing press in India and in which year ? <strong>&#8211; Portuguese in 1550 [JPSC (Pre) 2021]<\/strong><\/li><li>In which year did the Vernacular Press Act was passed? <strong>&#8211; 1878 \/UPPSC (Pre) 2007, Nagaland PSC (Pre) 2014)<\/strong><\/li><li>Who repealed the Vernacular Press Act of 1878? <strong>&#8211; Lord Ripon [UPPSC (Pre) 2005, 09]<\/strong><\/li><li>Who had primarily implemented the Press Censorship? <strong>&#8211; Wellesley [UPPSC (Pre) 2001]<\/strong><\/li><li>Who was the editor of the &#8216;Hindu Patriot&#8217; who strongly supported the Indigo Movement? <strong>&#8211; Harish Chandra Mukherjee [UPPSC (Pre) 1998, 2010]<\/strong><\/li><li>The first newspaper published by the Indian in the English language was &#8230; <strong>&#8211; Hindu Patriot [UPPSC (Mains) 2006]<\/strong><\/li><li>Who started the newspaper &#8216;Bengal Gazette&#8217;? <strong>&#8211; James Augustus Hicky [Punjab PSC (Pre) 2010]<\/strong><\/li><li>The first Hindi newspaper Udant Martand (30th May, 1820) was published from &#8230;.. <strong>&#8211; Calcutta [UPPSC (Mains) 2016]<\/strong><\/li><li>From where the Indian Mirror newspaper was published in the decade of 1880?<strong> &#8211; Calcutta [UPPSC (Mains) 2007<\/strong><\/li><li>The Persian Weekly Mirat-ul-Akhbar was published by whom? <strong>&#8211; Raja Ram Mohan Roy [UPPSC (Pre) 2000]<\/strong><\/li><li>Who affiliated himself with the English Journal &#8216;Bande Mataram&#8217;? <strong>&#8211; Aurobindo Ghosh [UPPSC (Pre) 1996]<\/strong><\/li><li>Which Journal was published by Swami Sahajanand? <strong>&#8211; Hunkar [BPSC (Pre) 2018,<\/strong><\/li><li>Who started the newspaper &#8216;Sham Prakash&#8217;? &#8211; Ishwar Chandra Vidyasaga <strong>[UPPSC (Pre) 2007, IAS (Pre) 2007]<\/strong><\/li><li>Who was the founder of &#8216;Amrita Bazaar Patrika? <strong>&#8211; Sisir Kumar Ghosh [BPSC (Pre) 2005, WBCS (Pre) 2021<\/strong><\/li><li>To whom did America start to issue the newspaper &#8216;Free Hindustan? <strong>&#8211; Tarak Nath Das [APSC (Pre) 2002]<\/strong><\/li><li>In which language was the first issuer of the journal Ghadar published? <strong>&#8211; Urdu [UPPSC (Mains) 2017]<\/strong><\/li><li>Who was the first Indian to go to jail in the performance of his duty as a journalist? <strong>&#8211; Surendranath Banerjee [UPPSC (Pre) 1997]<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-test-series?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Blog&amp;utm_campaign=Blog-%20PTS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Prelims-Test-Series-eng-and-hindi-1280\u00d7330.svg\" alt=\"UPSC Prelims Mock Test - ECONOMY 2\" class=\"wp-image-24924 lazyload\" width=\"779\" height=\"199\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 779px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 779\/199;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_NCERT_Practice_Questions\"><\/span>UPSC NCERT Practice Questions<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Which_of_the_following_led_to_the_introduction_of_English_education_in_India_UPPSC_Pre_2017\"><\/span>1. Which of the following led to the introduction of English education in India? UPPSC (Pre) 2017<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. The Charter Act of 1813<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. General Committee of Public Instruction, 1823<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Orientalist and Anglicist Controversy<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Which of the statement (s) given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(b) Only 2&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(C) 1 and 3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_The_foundation_of_the_modern_educational_system_in_India_was_laid_by_IAS_Pre_1993_2015\"><\/span>2. The foundation of the modern educational system in India was laid by IAS (Pre) 1993, 2015<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) The Charter Act of 1813<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Macaulay&#8217;s Minutes of 1835<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) The Hunter Commission of 1882<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Wood&#8217;s Despatch of 1854<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Regarding_Woods_Despatch_which_of_the_following_statements_are_true_IAS_Pre_2018\"><\/span>3. Regarding Wood&#8217;s Despatch, which of the following statements are true? IAS (Pre) 2018<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Grants-in-aid system was introduced.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. The establishment of universities were recommended<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. English as a medium of instruction at all levels of education was recommended<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct statements using the codes given below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(b) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;(c) 1 and 3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Which_of_the_following_colleges_was_the_first_to_be_established_UPPSC_Pre_2012\"><\/span>4. Which of the following colleges was the first to be established? UPPSC (Pre) 2012<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Hindu College, Calcutta (b) Delhi College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Mayo College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Muslim Anglo-Oriental College<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Which_of_the_following_was_a_recommendation_of_Hunters_Commission_UPSC_Pre_2014\"><\/span>5. Which of the following was a recommendation of Hunter&#8217;s Commission? UPSC (Pre) 2014<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Women&#8217;s education<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) New regulation for the organized senates system<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Gradual withdrawal of state support from higher education<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Introduction of civic education at college and university level<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_The_Indian_Universities_Commission_was_eli_appointed_in_1902_by_Lord_Curzon_its_members_were_BPSC_Pre_2020\"><\/span>6. The Indian Universities Commission was eli appointed in 1902 by Lord Curzon, its members were BPSC (Pre) 2020<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) BG Tilak and Surendranath Banerjee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) BK Gokhale and Rasbehari Bose<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Syed Hussain Belgrami and Justice Gooroodas Banerjee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) Syed Hussain Belgrami and Surendranath Banerjee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Which_of_the_following_statements_are_true_about_the_Vernacular_Press_Act_of_1878_MPSC_Pre_2015\"><\/span>7. Which of the following statements are true about the Vernacular Press Act of 1878? MPSC (Pre) 2015<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Vernacular newspaper publishers and printers had to give in writing that they will not criticise the government policies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. The owners of printing press had no right to go to the court against the action taken by the government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. This Act was applicable only to the Vernacular newspapers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Codes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) All of these<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_From_the_options_given_below_find_the_correct_combination_of_the_names_of_editors_of_the_nationalist_newspapers_%E2%80%98The_Hindu_Kesari_Bengalee_Hindustani_and_Sudharak_BPSC_Pre_2018\"><\/span>8. From the options given below, find the correct combination of the names of editors of the nationalist newspapers &#8216;The Hindu, Kesari, Bengalee, Hindustani and Sudharak&#8217;. BPSC (Pre) 2018<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Surendranath Banerjee, G Subramanian Lyer, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Ganga Prasad Verma, Gopal Krishna Gokhale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak, G Subramania Iyer, Surendranath Banerjee, Ganga Prasad Verma, Gopal Krishna Gokhale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) G Subramania Iyer, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Ganga Prasad Verma, Gopal Krishna Surendranath Banerjee Gokhale,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) G Subramania Iyer, Bal Gangadhar Surendranath Banerjee, Ganga Prasad Verma, Gopal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tilak, Krishna Gokhale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Which_of_the_following_pairs_is_correctly_matched_UPPSC_Pre_2001_UPPSC_Mains_2004\"><\/span>9. Which of the following pairs is correctly matched? UPPSC (Pre) 2001, UPPSC (Mains) 2004<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>(a) Mahatma Gandhi&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Mook Nayak<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Young India<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(c) Annie Besant&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Commonweal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(d) BR Ambedkar&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Kesari<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Know_Right_Answer\"><\/span>Know Right Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1 (d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4 (b)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5 (a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7&nbsp; (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8&nbsp;&nbsp;(d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>9 (c)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_the_significance_of_the_Woods_Despatch_in_the_development_of_education_during_the_colonial_period\"><\/span>Q1: What is the significance of the Wood&#8217;s Despatch in the development of education during the colonial period?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: The Wood&#8217;s Despatch of 1854, introduced by Sir Charles Wood, laid the foundation for modern education in India. It recommended the establishment of a systematic education system with an emphasis on primary education. It led to the establishment of universities, colleges, and schools across India, fostering the growth of education and providing a structured framework for its development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_How_did_the_introduction_of_English_education_impact_society_during_the_colonial_period\"><\/span>Q2: How did the introduction of English education impact society during the colonial period?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: The introduction of English education had a profound impact on Indian society. It became a medium for upward mobility, creating a new class of Indians who were educated in English and often employed in administrative and professional roles. However, it also led to a cultural clash and contributed to the alienation of the educated elite from traditional values.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_What_role_did_the_press_play_in_the_Indian_nationalist_movement\"><\/span>Q3: What role did the press play in the Indian nationalist movement?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: The press played a crucial role in shaping and mobilizing public opinion during the Indian nationalist movement. Newspapers like &#8220;The Bengal Gazette&#8221; and &#8220;The Kesari&#8221; became powerful tools for spreading nationalist ideas, fostering a sense of unity, and challenging colonial policies. The press became a platform for leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Dadabhai Naoroji to articulate their views and rally support for the cause of independence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_How_did_the_Hunter_Commission_contribute_to_the_development_of_education_in_India\"><\/span>Q4: How did the Hunter Commission contribute to the development of education in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: The Hunter Commission of 1882 was appointed to evaluate the progress of education in India. It recommended reforms in the education system, such as the extension of primary education, improvement of teacher training, and the introduction of vocational education. The commission&#8217;s recommendations influenced subsequent educational policies and contributed to the overall development of the education system in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_What_were_the_challenges_faced_by_the_education_system_during_the_colonial_period_as_highlighted_in_the_NCERT_notes\"><\/span>Q5: What were the challenges faced by the education system during the colonial period, as highlighted in the NCERT notes?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: The colonial period posed several challenges to the education system in India. Some challenges included the imposition of a foreign educational system that did not align with the cultural and social needs of the Indian population, the lack of funds for educational infrastructure, and the limited access to education for certain sections of society, particularly women and marginalized communities. These challenges are discussed in the NCERT notes, shedding light on the complexities of educational development during that era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. 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