{"id":25012,"date":"2024-02-02T10:41:49","date_gmt":"2024-02-02T10:41:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=25012"},"modified":"2024-02-02T10:41:52","modified_gmt":"2024-02-02T10:41:52","slug":"discuss-the-continuing-disputes-on-water-sharing-between-the-riparian-states-of-north-west-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2022","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-continuing-disputes-on-water-sharing-between-the-riparian-states-of-north-west-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2022\/","title":{"rendered":"Discuss the continuing disputes on water sharing between the riparian states of North-West India &#8211; UPSC Geography Optional Mains &#8211; 2022"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-prelims-support-program-with-test-series?type=classroom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/GS-Foundation-Course-for-UPSC-1280-x-300-px-1-1024x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46623\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The North-Western region of India has long been marked by the intricate web of rivers that flow through its landscape, serving as a lifeline for agriculture, industry, and communities. However, beneath the serene surface of these rivers lies a complex tapestry of disputes among the riparian states over the sharing of water resources. The persistent disagreements on water allocation have become a recurring challenge, posing significant socio-economic and political implications for the states involved. As the water demand escalates with growing populations and expanding development, the need for a fair and sustainable resolution to these disputes becomes increasingly urgent. This essay delves into the ongoing conflicts surrounding water sharing in North-West India, examining the historical context, underlying factors, and potential solutions to this critical issue that holds the key to the region&#8217;s prosperity and well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a7da220efa18\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a7da220efa18\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-continuing-disputes-on-water-sharing-between-the-riparian-states-of-north-west-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2022\/#Answer\" >Answer<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-continuing-disputes-on-water-sharing-between-the-riparian-states-of-north-west-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2022\/#Migration\" >Migration<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-continuing-disputes-on-water-sharing-between-the-riparian-states-of-north-west-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2022\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" >In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/discuss-the-continuing-disputes-on-water-sharing-between-the-riparian-states-of-north-west-india-upsc-geography-optional-mains-2022\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" >Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span>Answer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The water-sharing disputes between the riparian states of North-West India have been continuing for decades. For e.g., The Ravi and Beas water dispute is over 70 years old dating back to the partition of India in 1947.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reasons for continuing disputes on water sharing between the riparian states of North-West India are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Scarcity of water<ul><li>The North-West India region is water-scarce, the average annual rainfall in the region is less than 750 mm, which is below the national average of 1170 mm.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Uneven distribution of water <ul><li>The Himalayan states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttarakhand receive a lot of rainfall (>1200mm annually on Average), while the states of Punjab, Haryana, and Rajasthan receive less rainfall (&lt;750mm annually on Average).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Competing demands for water<ul><li>There are competing demands for water from different sectors, such as agriculture, industry, and domestic use.<\/li><li>For e.g., Punjab is known as the &#8220;wheat bowl of India&#8221; and is a major paddy producer that is water intensive, Industrial regions like the National Capital Region (NCR), the Mumbai-Surat major industrial belt have huge water demands.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Lack of cooperation between states<ul><li>The riparian states have not been able to cooperate effectively to share water resources.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"982\" height=\"261\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-155614.png\" alt=\"Ravi and Beas water dispute between Punjab and Haryana\" class=\"wp-image-25013 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-155614.png 982w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-02-155614-585x155.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 982px) 100vw, 982px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 982px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 982\/261;\" \/><figcaption>Ravi and Beas water dispute between Punjab and Haryana<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>These disputes between the riparian states of North-West India have led to several problems, including<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Conflicts between farmers<ul><li>The water-sharing disputes have led to conflicts between farmers in different states.eg. In 2017 farmers from Punjab were protesting against the construction of a dam in Haryana, which they argued would reduce the amount of water available to them.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Loss of crops<ul><li>The water-sharing disputes have led to the loss of crops in some states e.g. A study by the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) found that the water-sharing disputes between Rajasthan and Gujarat have led to a loss of crops worth over \u20b95,000 crores every year.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Migration\"><\/span>Migration<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The water-sharing disputes have led to the migration of farmers from water-scarce states to water-rich states.eg According to a 2016 report by the National Commission on Farmers, over 25% of farmers in Punjab and Rajasthan were considering migrating to other states due to water shortages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Environmental degradation<ul><li>The water sharing disputes have led to environmental degradation-depletion of groundwater and the salinization of soil.eg. Central Ground Water Board found that the water table in Punjab has declined by over 1 meter per year in the past two decades, over 40% of the blocks in Punjab are now classified as over- exploited.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Indian government has taken several steps to resolve the water-sharing disputes between the riparian states of North-West India. These steps include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Constitution of tribunals<ul><li>The government has constituted tribunals to adjudicate the water sharing disputes.eg Ravi and Beas Water Tribunal (1986), Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (1969)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Inter-state agreements<ul><li>The government has facilitated inter-state agreements on water sharing.eg The Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal Award, 2017<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Water conservation measures<ul><li>The government has implemented several water conservation measures, such as drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting. eg.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the water-sharing disputes between the riparian states of North-West India have not been fully resolved. There is a need for further cooperation between the states and the central government to resolve these disputes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This essay delves into the ongoing conflicts surrounding water sharing in North-West India, examining the historical context, underlying factors, and potential solutions to this critical issue that holds the key to the region&#8217;s prosperity and 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