{"id":25162,"date":"2024-02-03T07:23:14","date_gmt":"2024-02-03T07:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=25162"},"modified":"2024-02-26T10:05:06","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T10:05:06","slug":"khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by\/","title":{"rendered":"Khap Panchayats have been in the news for functioning as extra-constitutional authorities, often delivering pronouncements amounting to human rights violations. Discuss critically the actions taken by the legislative, Executive and judiciary to set the things right in this regard. (12.5 Marks, 200 Words)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-gs-advance-and-mentorship-program-ampcsat?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Advanced\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Khap Panchayats, traditional village councils prevalent in certain regions of India, have increasingly garnered attention for their controversial role as extra-constitutional authorities. Operating beyond the purview of established legal frameworks, these bodies have been implicated in delivering arbitrary pronouncements that often lead to egregious human rights violations. In response to this critical issue, the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches of the Indian government have embarked on multifaceted actions to rectify the situation. The legislative branch has engaged in deliberations to enact stringent laws addressing the activities of Khap Panchayats, aiming to curtail their unchecked powers and protect individual rights. Simultaneously, the executive has undertaken measures to raise awareness and educate local communities about the importance of adhering to constitutional principles, thereby challenging the influence of these traditional councils. The judiciary, recognizing the gravity of the matter, has played a pivotal role in delivering landmark judgments that underscore the supremacy of fundamental rights over arbitrary decisions made by Khap Panchayats. Despite these efforts, challenges persist in fully dismantling the deeply entrenched social and cultural norms that perpetuate the authority of Khap Panchayats, making it imperative for continued collaboration between the branches of government to ensure the effective implementation of corrective measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d6391970547\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d6391970547\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by\/#Decoding_the_Question\" title=\"Decoding the Question:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Decoding the Question:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by\/#Organization_of_Khap_Panchayats\" title=\"Organization of Khap Panchayats:&nbsp;\">Organization of Khap Panchayats:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by\/#Actions_Taken_by_the_Legislative_Executive_and_Judiciary\" title=\"Actions Taken by the Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Actions Taken by the Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/khap-panchayats-have-been-in-the-news-for-functioning-as-extra-constitutional-authorities-often-delivering-pronouncements-amounting-to-human-rights-violations-discuss-critically-the-actions-taken-by\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_Question\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the Question:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>In the Introduction, briefly write an introduction about Khap Panchayats and why they were in the news.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>In Body, try to examine the actions taken by the legislative, Executive, and judiciary on Khap Panchayats.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>Conclude with the positive changes in the Khap Panchayats in current times.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Khap<\/strong> <strong>Panchayats <\/strong>are caste or community groups, present largely in rural areas of north India, which at times act as quasi-judicial bodies and pronounce harsh punishments based on age-old customs. These were socially relevant and renowned for the amicable resolution of disputes <strong>only till the judicial system was established<\/strong>. Over time <strong>they lost their clout<\/strong>. In the last decade, they have regained <strong>legitimacy through issues such as a ban on same-sex marriages<\/strong>. They <strong>have become less transparent in functioning, oppressive, and in conflict with the law of the land<\/strong>. Several cases of women and men falling victim to <strong>&#8216;Khap&#8217; diktats<\/strong> have been reported over the years, particularly in states like Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Organization_of_Khap_Panchayats\"><\/span><strong>Organization of Khap Panchayats:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The single-caste-single-gotra khaps are found in areas where a single gotra dominates a sizable geographical area. Examples of such Khaps include Dahiya Khap; Huda Khap;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The single-caste-multiple-gotra clans are found in areas where several villages are dominated by different gotras of the same caste. The 24 villages of Meham in Rohtak of Haryana are examples of such Khap.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The multi-caste-multi-gotra khaps are found in areas where some villages are dominated by a particular caste and other areas by other castes. The Bawal Khap of Chaurasi in the Rewari district of Haryana is an example of such Khap.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Actions_Taken_by_the_Legislative_Executive_and_Judiciary\"><\/span><strong>Actions Taken by the Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Legislative Actions: <\/strong>Various legislative efforts have been taken by the Parliament of India to check the misuse of power and authority by the Khap Panchayats.&nbsp; <strong>Article 19 of the Constitution of India<\/strong> guarantees to all citizens the right to assemble peaceably and without arms; as well as the right to form associations and unions. Therefore, Khap Panchayats cannot be <strong>per se deemed to be illegal<\/strong>. However, at the same time, honor crimes can only be checked by <strong>prohibiting such assembly from condemning<\/strong> marriage and harassing newly married couples.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Executive Action: <\/strong>The Union Government came up with a draft legislation named <strong>\u201cProhibition of Unlawful Assembly (Interference with Freedom of Matrimonial Alliances) Bill, 2011.\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>This Bill has been a serious attempt towards a <strong>legislative framework<\/strong> to curb the evil of honor crimes. But unfortunately, this Bill lapsed with the dissolution of the 15th Lok Sabha in 2014.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>At present, there is no special law, and honor killing is treated as murder under Section 300 read with Section 302 of the IPC.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Law Commission of India drafted legislation that seeks to declare Khap Panchayats<strong> <\/strong>unlawful.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Commission also proposed legislation namely, <strong>The Endangerment of Life and Liberty (Protection, Prosecution and Other Measures) Act, 2011, <\/strong>to prosecute persons or a group involved in such endangering conduct and activities.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The <strong>Union Government requested the state governments <\/strong>to protect couples fearing for their lives due to inter-caste or inter-faith marriages and that such couples should inform the marriage officers about any such threat so that they can be given protection.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Judicial Action:<\/strong> The Judiciary has often come to the rescue wherein the decision of Khaps have been against the fundamental spirit of the Constitution. <strong>To elucidate a few cases<\/strong>:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In <strong>Smt. Laxmi Kachhwaha v. State of Rajasthan,<\/strong> a public interest litigation was filed in the Rajasthan High Court to draw the attention of the Court towards the illegal functioning of Caste Panchayats.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Allahabad High Court, <strong>in Sujit Kumar v. State of Uttar Pradesh &amp; Others,<\/strong> noted that \u201cIn our secular and liberal country, honor killings have been taking place from time to time, and what is deeply disturbing is that Police and other authorities do not seem to take steps to check these disgraceful and barbaric acts.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The\u202f<strong>Supreme Court of India\u202fdeclared Khap Panchayats to be illegal<\/strong> the ruling came on a plea <strong>by NGO Shakti Vahini<\/strong>, which had moved the apex court in 2010 seeking protection of couples from honor killings.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Apex Court had asked Khap Panchayats<strong> <\/strong>not to behave like \u201c<strong>conscience keepers of the society\u201d<\/strong> and said that a marriage between two adults was governed by the law.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Supreme Court has asked the state governments to identify districts, sub-divisions and\/or villages where instances of honor killing, or assembly of\u202fKhap Panchayats\u202fhave been reported in the last five years.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The Khaps have deep roots, based on principles of Bhaichara and Hukka-Pani {Interdining} and it is the kinship feeling or cultural relativism that gives them strength. They deliver justice quickly unlike our regular courts which keep a huge backlog.&nbsp; Further, despite too many extravagant and illogical diktats, these panchayats have frequently made pronouncements on social issues in an attempt to combat problems like female abortions, alcohol abuse, and dowry, and to promote education. Thus, it\u2019s high time for the Khaps themselves to change and reform themselves with the changing times lest the court stamps them out. The government\/judiciary also can make a way so that Khaps may work as alternative Dispute Redressal bodies and per the law of the land.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Khap Panchayats, traditional village councils prevalent in certain regions of India, have increasingly garnered attention for their controversial role as extra-constitutional authorities. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":25163,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1500],"tags":[176,1682,142,232,145,140],"class_list":["post-25162","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-mains-solved-paper-gs-2","tag-general-studies-2","tag-khap-panchayats","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-mains-question-paper","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25162"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29869,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25162\/revisions\/29869"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25163"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25162"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}