{"id":25731,"date":"2024-02-06T07:21:17","date_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=25731"},"modified":"2024-02-06T07:21:20","modified_gmt":"2024-02-06T07:21:20","slug":"lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucknow Session of Indian National Congress (1916) &#8211; UPSC Modern History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Lucknow Session<\/strong> of the <strong>Indian National Congress<\/strong> was chaired by <strong>Ambica Charan Mazumdar<\/strong> and marked the 31st gathering of the INC in Lucknow. This session holds <strong>historic significance<\/strong> due to crucial decisions made, particularly the reconciliation between the <strong>moderates<\/strong> and the <strong>extremists<\/strong>. After a decade of ideological disputes since their split in the Surat session of 1907, this event signified a pivotal moment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong>, in a key role, assured the moderates that the extremists would abstain from adopting any <strong>agitational strategy or politics<\/strong> in their protest against the British. This assurance played a crucial role in facilitating the reconciliation. The demise of prominent Moderate leaders like <strong>Gopal Krishna Gokhale<\/strong> and <strong>Pherozeshah Mehta<\/strong> further reduced opposition to the amalgamation of the Congress factions (Extremists and Moderates).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This situation paved the way for <strong>Tilak<\/strong> and <strong>Annie Besant<\/strong> to emerge as dominant figures within the Congress. The historic <strong>Lucknow Pact<\/strong> between Congress and the Muslim League was also signed during this session. For those preparing for the <strong>UPSC exam<\/strong>, understanding the nuances of the <strong>Lucknow Session of INC<\/strong> becomes crucial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e72fb0a4283\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e72fb0a4283\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Lucknow_Session_%E2%80%93_Background\" title=\"Lucknow Session &#8211; Background\">Lucknow Session &#8211; Background<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Readmission_of_Extremists_to_Congress\" title=\"Readmission of Extremists to Congress\">Readmission of Extremists to Congress<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Lucknow_Pact\" title=\"Lucknow Pact\">Lucknow Pact<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Question_1_What_was_the_major_achievement_of_the_Lucknow_Session_of_1916\" title=\"Question 1: What was the major achievement of the Lucknow Session of 1916?\">Question 1: What was the major achievement of the Lucknow Session of 1916?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Question_2_What_factors_aided_in_the_readmission_of_Extremists_to_Congress\" title=\"Question 2: What factors aided in the readmission of Extremists to Congress?\">Question 2: What factors aided in the readmission of Extremists to Congress?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Question_3_Who_played_a_key_role_in_the_readmission_of_Extremists_to_Congress\" title=\"Question 3: Who played a key role in the readmission of Extremists to Congress?\">Question 3: Who played a key role in the readmission of Extremists to Congress?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/lucknow-session-of-indian-national-congress-1916-upsc-modern-history-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lucknow_Session_%E2%80%93_Background\"><\/span>Lucknow Session &#8211; Background<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>World War 1<\/strong>: British vs Ottoman Empire (Turkey) hurts Muslim sentiments, annoys Muslim League.<\/li><li>British annulment of <strong>Partition of Bengal<\/strong> (1905) angers Muslim League, originally supportive.<\/li><li>British rejection of Aligarh university adds to Muslim frustration.<\/li><li>Congress seeks mass support for anti-British struggle.<\/li><li><strong>Muhammad Ali Jinnah<\/strong>: Member of Congress and Muslim League, advocates for Indian autonomy and protects Muslim interests.<\/li><li>Jinnah was awarded the title &#8220;the Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity&#8221; by <strong>Sarojini Naidu<\/strong> for reconciliation efforts.<\/li><li>Session marks reconsolidation of Hindus and Muslims, Moderates and Extremists.<\/li><li>Collective demand for &#8220;home rule for India&#8221; emerges.<\/li><li>Strengthens the Nationalist movement in India.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Readmission_of_Extremists_to_Congress\"><\/span>Readmission of Extremists to Congress<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Reunion Factors<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Irrelevance of Old Controversies<\/strong>: Previous disputes were no longer pertinent.<\/li><li><strong>Recognition of Political Inaction<\/strong>: Moderates and Extremists acknowledged that the split had led to political stagnation.<\/li><li><strong>Efforts by Annie Besant and Tilak<\/strong>: Annie Besant and Tilak played key roles in working towards reconciliation.<\/li><li><strong>Tilak&#8217;s Assurances to Moderates<\/strong>: Tilak, to allay Moderate concerns, supported administrative reform over government overthrow. He condemned violent actions.<\/li><li><strong>Death of Pherozeshah Mehta<\/strong>: The demise of Mehta, leader of Moderate opposition to Extremists, facilitated the reunion.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lucknow_Pact\"><\/span>Lucknow Pact<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In <strong>Lucknow<\/strong>, another momentous occurrence was the <strong>alliance<\/strong> formed between the <strong>Muslim League<\/strong> and the <strong>Congress<\/strong>, jointly presenting a set of common demands to the government. This took place at a juncture when the Muslim League, now under the sway of younger militant nationalists, was aligning more closely with Congress&#8217;s objectives and adopting a stronger anti-imperialist stance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>Lucknow Pact<\/strong> between the Congress and the Muslim League stands out as a <strong>watershed moment<\/strong> in the nationalistic struggle for freedom. Notably, the League committed to presenting the government with joint constitutional demands. In reciprocation, the Congress accepted the Muslim League&#8217;s stance on <strong>separate electorates<\/strong>, with the provision remaining until any community sought joint electorates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, Muslims were allocated a <strong>fixed proportion<\/strong> of seats in both all-India and provincial legislatures, further solidifying the terms of the alliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Conclusion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>acceptance<\/strong> of <strong>separate communal electorates<\/strong> in the <strong>Lucknow Pact<\/strong> marked the inception of communal politics in India. This development is viewed as the <strong>precursor<\/strong> to the &#8220;two-nation theory,&#8221; ultimately culminating in the <strong>partition of India<\/strong> in 1947. Through this pact, the Congress officially recognized the <strong>Muslim League<\/strong> as the political representative of Muslims in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In response, the British government introduced the <strong>Montagu-Chelmsford declaration<\/strong>, leading to the arrest of <strong>Annie Besant<\/strong>. Simultaneously, a <strong>show-cause notice<\/strong> was imposed on <strong>Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong>, contributing to the dismantling of the <strong>Home-rule Movement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question_1_What_was_the_major_achievement_of_the_Lucknow_Session_of_1916\"><\/span><strong>Question 1: What was the major achievement of the Lucknow Session of 1916?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The major achievement of the Lucknow Session of 1916 was the historic <strong>Lucknow Pact<\/strong> between the <strong>Indian National Congress<\/strong> and the <strong>Muslim League<\/strong>. This pact marked a significant milestone in India&#8217;s nationalistic struggle as it brought Hindus and Muslims together, fostering unity and presenting a set of common demands to the British government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question_2_What_factors_aided_in_the_readmission_of_Extremists_to_Congress\"><\/span><strong>Question 2: What factors aided in the readmission of Extremists to Congress?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> The readmission of Extremists to Congress was facilitated by several factors, including the <strong>irrelevance of old controversies<\/strong>, the acknowledgment by both Moderates and Extremists that their split had resulted in political inaction, and concerted efforts by leaders like <strong>Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong> to bring the two factions back together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Question_3_Who_played_a_key_role_in_the_readmission_of_Extremists_to_Congress\"><\/span><strong>Question 3: Who played a key role in the readmission of Extremists to Congress?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> Notable figures like <strong>Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak<\/strong> played crucial roles in the readmission of Extremists to Congress. Their efforts in bridging the gap and fostering reconciliation were instrumental in overcoming past differences and rebuilding unity within the Indian National Congress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Lucknow Session of the Indian National Congress was chaired by Ambica Charan Mazumdar and marked the 31st gathering of the INC in Lucknow.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":25733,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[290],"tags":[186,1729,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-25731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-modern-history-general-studies","tag-general-studies-1","tag-lucknow-session","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25731"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25731\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25734,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25731\/revisions\/25734"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25733"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}