{"id":27413,"date":"2024-02-15T11:36:01","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T11:36:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=27413"},"modified":"2024-02-15T11:36:03","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T11:36:03","slug":"africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201cAfrica was chopped into States artificially created by accidents of European competition.\u201d Analyse. (10 marks, 200 words)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-gs-advance-and-mentorship-program-ampcsat?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Advanced\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-43397\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-8-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The fragmentation of Africa into modern nation-states is a consequence of the 19th-century scramble for the continent by European powers. This process, driven primarily by economic interests and imperial ambitions, resulted in arbitrary boundaries that divided indigenous communities, disregarded ethnic and cultural ties, and often exacerbated existing tensions. The carving up of Africa was a product of colonial powers&#8217; arbitrary decisions, made without consideration for the complex realities of the continent or the aspirations of its people. Rather than reflecting organic geopolitical divisions, these boundaries were drawn haphazardly, often based on the mere convenience of colonial administrators or the desire to exploit resources. Consequently, many African nations inherited deeply entrenched problems of governance, identity, and conflict, stemming from the artificial imposition of colonial borders. The legacy of this arbitrary division continues to shape political, social, and economic dynamics across the continent, hindering efforts towards regional integration, development, and stability. Thus, the statement that &#8220;Africa was chopped into States artificially created by accidents of European competition&#8221; succinctly captures the enduring impact of colonialism on the African continent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: <\/strong>History of the world.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a1f8ffa7a55f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a1f8ffa7a55f\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words\/#Decoding_the_Question\" title=\"Decoding the Question:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Decoding the Question:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words\/#Answer\" title=\"Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Answer:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words\/#Factors_Leading_to_the_Chopping_of_African_States\" title=\"Factors Leading to the Chopping of African States:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Factors Leading to the Chopping of African States:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words\/#Division_of_the_African_Territories\" title=\"Division of the African Territories:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Division of the African Territories:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/africa-was-chopped-into-states-artificially-created-by-accidents-of-european-competition-analyse-10-marks-200-words\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decoding_the_Question\"><\/span><strong>Decoding the Question:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>In Introduction, try to briefly discuss how Africa was colonized and scrambled.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>In Body, show how different European countries played their part in creating situations where Africa was chopped into States artificially.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>In conclusion, write about the aftermath of this divide and the European competition.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Answer\"><\/span><strong>Answer:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>From the 1800s, European countries began to take control of coastal areas in Africa, like French Algeria, the British Cape Colony in modern-day South Africa. Yet by 1880, only small areas of the African continent were under European rule.In European power politics, Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and Spain were competing among themselves. One way to demonstrate national preeminence was through the acquisition of territories around the world, including Africa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_Leading_to_the_Chopping_of_African_States\"><\/span><strong>Factors Leading to the Chopping of African States:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>France after 1830, Germany after 1850 and the U.S. after the Civil War soon started industrialisation. By 1850, the Industrial Revolution had been accomplished, with industries becoming a dominant factor in British life as well. The effect of the Industrial Revolution was felt worldwide.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Many European countries had by now started following the <strong>Policy of Mercantilism<\/strong>. Under this policy, governmental control was exercised over industries and trade. It was based on the theory that <strong>more exports and less import indicated national strength<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Africa was <strong>rich in mineral resources, had an abundance of cheap\/free labour, and it was easy to conquer<\/strong> and hence, the race to acquire the territories began.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This <strong>race to occupy territory would often result in wars<\/strong>, and the territory would be divided between the victors. War was time consuming and costly, and thus, to avoid wars the Europeans came up with a <strong>strategy to sign agreements and divide the territories<\/strong> between themselves.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>By the <strong>end of the nineteenth century, the chopping off of the African States was complete<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Division_of_the_African_Territories\"><\/span><strong>Division of the African Territories:<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>After Belgium captured Congo in 1878, other Europeans met in Berlin to divide the territories within their influence. By the end of the 1870s, France and Britain were already on the march<strong> in Western Africa<\/strong>. Britain colonized Nigeria, France got Morocco, Portugal got Angola, and the U.S. founded Liberia.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In Eastern Africa, Britain captured Kenya, Germany captured Cameroons, French got Madagascar, and Italy received Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia. After World War I, Germany was defeated and the areas under its control were divided between the victor powers.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In Southern Africa, the Dutch settled in South Africa for its strategic location, proximity to ports, and availability of gold. Soon, the Dutch lost to Napoleon, and eventually, it came under British control. An English explorer, Cecil Rhodes, founded Rhodesia (present-day Zimbabwe and Zambia) by exploring and establishing his influence in the region.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In Northern Africa, the French and the English forces were fighting for territories. Eventually, Algeria and sub-Saharan Africa were under France&#8217;s control, the English controlled Egypt and Sudan, and Italy was given Libya and Tunisia.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The clear evidence that the division of the African States was through accidents can be seen in <strong>their boundaries, which are primarily in straight lines<\/strong>, as they have been <strong>marked in a paper in Berlin<\/strong>. The European scramble to partition and occupied African territory is often treated as a peripheral aspect of the <strong>political and economic rivalries<\/strong> developed between the new industrial nations in Europe itself.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The fragmentation of Africa into modern nation-states is a consequence of the 19th-century scramble for the continent by European powers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":27414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1401],"tags":[1708,186,142,232,145,140],"class_list":["post-27413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-mains-solved-paper-gs-1","tag-africa","tag-general-studies-1","tag-previous_year_questions","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-mains-question-paper","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27413"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27413\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":27416,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27413\/revisions\/27416"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}