{"id":28158,"date":"2024-02-19T09:45:15","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T09:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=28158"},"modified":"2024-02-19T09:45:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-19T09:45:17","slug":"treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Treaty of S\u00e8vres (1920) &#8211; UPSC World History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Treaty of S\u00e8vres was a significant agreement signed with the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) after World War I. It had several important provisions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Territorial Losses to Greece and Italy:<\/strong><ul><li>Greece gained substantial territories, including Eastern Thrace and Smyrna (modern-day Izmir), as well as several Aegean islands.<\/li><li>Italy was also granted certain territorial gains, primarily in Anatolia.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Opening of the Dardanelles:<\/strong><ul><li>The treaty stipulated that the Dardanelles, a strategically vital waterway connecting the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, would be permanently open to international navigation. This was aimed at ensuring free passage for ships.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mandates for Former Ottoman Territories:<\/strong><ul><li>The Ottoman Empire&#8217;s colonies were converted into mandates and assigned to various Allied Powers:<ul><li><strong>Syria:<\/strong> Placed under French mandate.<\/li><li><strong>Transjordan, Iraq, and Palestine:<\/strong> Placed under British mandates.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These mandates essentially meant that Britain and France were given administrative authority over these regions on behalf of the League of Nations, with the expectation that they would prepare them for eventual self-government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Treaty of S\u00e8vres was, however, met with significant opposition and resistance within Turkey. It was never fully implemented due to various factors, including Turkish nationalist movements led by Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk. The treaty&#8217;s provisions were later revised in the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), which established the boundaries of modern-day Turkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0b14a656fe\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e0b14a656fe\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q_What_was_the_Treaty_of_Sevres_and_why_was_it_significant\" title=\"Q: What was the Treaty of S\u00e8vres and why was it significant?\">Q: What was the Treaty of S\u00e8vres and why was it significant?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q_What_were_the_key_provisions_of_the_Treaty_of_Sevres\" title=\"Q: What were the key provisions of the Treaty of S\u00e8vres?\">Q: What were the key provisions of the Treaty of S\u00e8vres?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q_Why_did_the_Treaty_of_Sevres_face_opposition\" title=\"Q: Why did the Treaty of S\u00e8vres face opposition?\">Q: Why did the Treaty of S\u00e8vres face opposition?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q_What_led_to_the_downfall_of_the_Treaty_of_Sevres\" title=\"Q: What led to the downfall of the Treaty of S\u00e8vres?\">Q: What led to the downfall of the Treaty of S\u00e8vres?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q_How_did_the_Treaty_of_Sevres_impact_the_Middle_East\" title=\"Q: How did the Treaty of S\u00e8vres impact the Middle East?\">Q: How did the Treaty of S\u00e8vres impact the Middle East?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/treaty-of-sevres-1920-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_was_the_Treaty_of_Sevres_and_why_was_it_significant\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What was the Treaty of S\u00e8vres and why was it significant?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Treaty of S\u00e8vres was a peace treaty signed in 1920 between the Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire, following World War I. It aimed to dismantle the Ottoman Empire and allocate its territories among the victorious Allies. Its significance lies in its attempt to redefine the borders of the Middle East and address the geopolitical aftermath of the war.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_were_the_key_provisions_of_the_Treaty_of_Sevres\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What were the key provisions of the Treaty of S\u00e8vres?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The treaty stipulated the establishment of several new states in the former Ottoman territories, including an independent Armenia, Kurdistan, and an internationally-administered zone in Constantinople (Istanbul). It also proposed the partitioning of Anatolia and the Aegean islands between Greece and Italy. Additionally, it sought to establish mandates for territories like Syria and Iraq under the control of the Allied Powers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_did_the_Treaty_of_Sevres_face_opposition\"><\/span>Q: <strong>Why did the Treaty of S\u00e8vres face opposition?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The treaty faced significant opposition, particularly from Turkish nationalists led by Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk. They viewed the treaty as a betrayal of Turkish sovereignty and an infringement on the territorial integrity of Anatolia. This opposition culminated in the Turkish War of Independence, which ultimately led to the abolition of the treaty and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_led_to_the_downfall_of_the_Treaty_of_Sevres\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What led to the downfall of the Treaty of S\u00e8vres?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Treaty of S\u00e8vres faced numerous challenges, including resistance from Turkish nationalists, disagreement among the Allied Powers, and the rise of new geopolitical dynamics. The successful Turkish War of Independence, led by Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, severely weakened the treaty&#8217;s legitimacy. The Treaty of Lausanne, signed in 1923, replaced the Treaty of S\u00e8vres and recognized the Republic of Turkey as an independent sovereign state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_did_the_Treaty_of_Sevres_impact_the_Middle_East\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How did the Treaty of S\u00e8vres impact the Middle East?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Although the Treaty of S\u00e8vres was never fully implemented, its provisions had lasting repercussions in the Middle East. It contributed to the fragmentation of the Ottoman Empire and the redrawing of borders, laying the groundwork for future conflicts and tensions in the region. The treaty&#8217;s failure highlighted the complexities of post-war diplomacy and the challenges of imposing external solutions on deeply entrenched regional issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-0852e8d9-d77d-4f32-b617-621718b5dbf9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-f1a56b80-b7b4-4135-a37b-2aa2660d6bfd\">For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ac11dd41-cc2b-4afd-b9df-7cc51084d393\">For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-3285c649-2f18-4f86-b863-9ca055737fe0\">Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-a98aa02f-712e-4117-a211-d368b2ee4be7\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-e2cb2cad-5b82-4c27-b2a1-13223c909d62\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Treaty of S\u00e8vres was a significant agreement signed with the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) after World War I. It had several important provisions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":28161,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[236],"tags":[186,2098,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-28158","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world-history-notes","tag-general-studies-1","tag-treaty-of-sevres","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28158","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28158"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28158\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28162,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28158\/revisions\/28162"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28161"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28158"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28158"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28158"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}