{"id":28376,"date":"2024-02-20T06:50:29","date_gmt":"2024-02-20T06:50:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=28376"},"modified":"2024-02-20T06:50:31","modified_gmt":"2024-02-20T06:50:31","slug":"political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Political Activity during 1929 &#8211; UPSC World History Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1929, the world was caught in the grips of significant political turbulence and upheaval. This pivotal year marked the onset of the Great Depression, a catastrophic economic downturn that profoundly shaped global politics and societies. Across continents, governments grappled with the daunting task of addressing rampant unemployment, poverty, and financial instability. In the United States, President Herbert Hoover faced mounting pressure as his administration struggled to contain the economic fallout from the stock market crash of October 1929. Meanwhile, in Europe, the aftermath of World War I continued to reverberate, with rising nationalism, territorial disputes, and ideological conflicts laying the groundwork for future geopolitical tensions. Against this backdrop of uncertainty and discontent, political movements and ideologies clashed, setting the stage for a tumultuous era defined by struggle, resilience, and the search for solutions amidst unprecedented challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d8ce925a5ae\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d8ce925a5ae\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Civil_Disobedience_Movement_and_Round_Table_Conferences\" title=\"Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences\">Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#The_year_1929_was_marked_by_significant_political_activity_in_India\" title=\"The year 1929 was marked by significant political activity in India:\">The year 1929 was marked by significant political activity in India:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q1_What_were_the_main_political_parties_in_power_during_1929\" title=\"Q1: What were the main political parties in power during 1929?\">Q1: What were the main political parties in power during 1929?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q2_How_did_the_Great_Depression_impact_political_activity_in_1929\" title=\"Q2: How did the Great Depression impact political activity in 1929?\">Q2: How did the Great Depression impact political activity in 1929?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q3_What_were_some_significant_political_events_or_movements_during_1929\" title=\"Q3: What were some significant political events or movements during 1929?\">Q3: What were some significant political events or movements during 1929?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q4_How_did_governments_respond_to_the_economic_challenges_of_1929\" title=\"Q4: How did governments respond to the economic challenges of 1929?\">Q4: How did governments respond to the economic challenges of 1929?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Q5_Were_there_any_notable_political_leaders_who_emerged_during_1929\" title=\"Q5: Were there any notable political leaders who emerged during 1929?\">Q5: Were there any notable political leaders who emerged during 1929?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/political-activity-during-1929-upsc-world-history-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Civil_Disobedience_Movement_and_Round_Table_Conferences\"><\/span><strong>Civil Disobedience Movement and Round Table Conferences<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Calcutta session of the Congress in December 1928 marked a significant turning point in the Indian nationalist movement. Here&#8217;s a summary of the key events leading up to the Civil Disobedience Movement:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nehru Report:<\/strong> At the Calcutta session, the Nehru Report, authored by Motilal Nehru, was approved by the Congress. However, younger leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Bose, and Satyamurthy expressed dissatisfaction with the report&#8217;s endorsement of dominion status. They demanded that the Congress adopt &#8220;purna swaraj&#8221; or complete independence as its goal.<\/li><li><strong>Diverging Views:<\/strong> While older leaders like Gandhi and Motilal Nehru were cautious about dropping the demand for dominion status, younger leaders were more radical in their approach. They believed that complete independence should be the immediate goal, without compromising with the British on dominion status.<\/li><li><strong>Grace Period:<\/strong> Initially, there was a proposal to give the government a two-year grace period to accept the demand for dominion status. However, under pressure from younger leaders, this period was reduced to one year.<\/li><li><strong>Ultimatum:<\/strong> The Congress decided that if the British government did not accept a constitution based on dominion status by the end of the specified period, the Congress would shift its demand to complete independence. Furthermore, if this demand was not met, the Congress would launch a civil disobedience movement to achieve its goal.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>This decision set the stage for the Civil Disobedience Movement, which would become one of the most significant phases of the Indian independence struggle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_year_1929_was_marked_by_significant_political_activity_in_India\"><\/span><strong>The year 1929 was marked by significant political activity in India:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Gandhi&#8217;s Travel and Preparations:<\/strong> Gandhi travelled extensively throughout the year, mobilizing people for direct political action. He urged the youth to prepare for nonviolent resistance and organized constructive work in villages to address grievances, following the model of the successful Bardoli agitation in 1928.<\/li><li><strong>Foreign Cloth Boycott Campaign:<\/strong> The Congress Working Committee (CWC) established a Foreign Cloth Boycott Committee to promote the aggressive boycott of foreign cloth. Gandhi initiated the campaign in March 1929 in Calcutta, leading to his arrest. Subsequently, there were widespread bonfires of foreign cloth across the country as a form of protest.<\/li><li><strong>Meerut Conspiracy Case:<\/strong> In March 1929, the Meerut Conspiracy Case heightened political tensions. Several communist leaders, trade unionists, and left-wing activists were arrested and tried for allegedly plotting against the British government.<\/li><li><strong>Bomb Explosion in Central Legislative Assembly:<\/strong> In April 1929, Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutt, members of the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, exploded a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi to protest against repressive British laws. This act of defiance captured national attention and further intensified the political climate.<\/li><li><strong>Change in British Government:<\/strong> In May 1929, a minority Labour government led by Ramsay MacDonald came to power in England. This change in leadership included Wedgewood Benn as the Secretary of State for India, signaling potential shifts in British colonial policy.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These events contributed to a charged political atmosphere in India, setting the stage for significant developments in the struggle for independence in the years to come.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_were_the_main_political_parties_in_power_during_1929\"><\/span>Q1: What were the main political parties in power during 1929? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: The main political parties in power during 1929 varied by country. For instance, in the United States, the Republican Party held power with President Herbert Hoover in office, while in the United Kingdom, the Labour Party, led by Ramsay MacDonald, was in government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_How_did_the_Great_Depression_impact_political_activity_in_1929\"><\/span>Q2: How did the Great Depression impact political activity in 1929? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: The Great Depression, which began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929, profoundly affected political activity worldwide. It led to widespread unemployment, economic hardship, and social unrest, prompting governments to adopt various policies in response, ranging from increased interventionism to austerity measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_What_were_some_significant_political_events_or_movements_during_1929\"><\/span>Q3: What were some significant political events or movements during 1929? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: In 1929, significant political events included the collapse of the global economy with the Wall Street Crash, leading to the onset of the Great Depression. Additionally, movements such as the rise of fascism in Europe, exemplified by Mussolini&#8217;s consolidation of power in Italy, and the early stages of the Chinese Civil War between the Nationalists and Communists, shaped the political landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_How_did_governments_respond_to_the_economic_challenges_of_1929\"><\/span>Q4: How did governments respond to the economic challenges of 1929? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: Governments responded to the economic challenges of 1929 in various ways. Some implemented protectionist measures to shield domestic industries, while others pursued Keynesian economic policies aimed at stimulating demand through government spending. Additionally, there were instances of authoritarian regimes exploiting economic crises to consolidate power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_Were_there_any_notable_political_leaders_who_emerged_during_1929\"><\/span>Q5: Were there any notable political leaders who emerged during 1929? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: While 1929 didn&#8217;t necessarily mark the emergence of new political leaders, it was a pivotal year for existing ones. Herbert Hoover, for instance, assumed the presidency in the United States, facing the daunting task of managing the country through the Great Depression. Similarly, figures like Ramsay MacDonald in the UK and Benito Mussolini in Italy continued to exert significant influence on the global stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-0852e8d9-d77d-4f32-b617-621718b5dbf9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-f1a56b80-b7b4-4135-a37b-2aa2660d6bfd\">For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ac11dd41-cc2b-4afd-b9df-7cc51084d393\">For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-3285c649-2f18-4f86-b863-9ca055737fe0\">Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-a98aa02f-712e-4117-a211-d368b2ee4be7\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-e2cb2cad-5b82-4c27-b2a1-13223c909d62\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In 1929, the world was caught in the grips of significant political turbulence and upheaval. This pivotal year marked the onset of the Great Depression<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":28377,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[236],"tags":[2118,186,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-28376","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-world-history-notes","tag-2118","tag-general-studies-1","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28376","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28376"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28376\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28378,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28376\/revisions\/28378"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28377"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28376"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28376"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28376"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}