{"id":28928,"date":"2024-02-21T12:29:33","date_gmt":"2024-02-21T12:29:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=28928"},"modified":"2024-02-21T12:29:35","modified_gmt":"2024-02-21T12:29:35","slug":"factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Factors aiding Communalism in India &#8211; UPSC Indian Society Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-history?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42408\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/13-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Communalism in India, a complex socio-political phenomenon, has persisted as a significant challenge to the nation&#8217;s unity and secular fabric. Several factors contribute to the perpetuation of communal tensions across the diverse landscape of the country. Historical grievances, socio-economic disparities, political opportunism, and religious extremism intertwine to fuel communal sentiments and conflicts. Understanding these factors is crucial in devising effective strategies to address and mitigate the divisive forces of communalism. In this essay, we will delve into the various elements that aid the sustenance of communalism in India, examining their interplay and implications on the country&#8217;s social cohesion and pluralistic ethos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d657b0934e5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d657b0934e5\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#Factors_aiding_Communalism_in_India\" title=\"Factors aiding Communalism in India\">Factors aiding Communalism in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#a_Political_Factor\" title=\"(a) Political Factor\">(a) Political Factor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#b_Historical_Factor\" title=\"(b) Historical Factor\">(b) Historical Factor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#c_Economic_Factor\" title=\"(c) &nbsp;Economic Factor\">(c) &nbsp;Economic Factor<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#d_Social_factors\" title=\"(d) &nbsp; Social factors\">(d) &nbsp; Social factors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#Q_What_historical_factors_contribute_to_communalism_in_India\" title=\"Q: What historical factors contribute to communalism in India?\">Q: What historical factors contribute to communalism in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#Q_How_does_socio-economic_disparity_contribute_to_communalism_in_India\" title=\"Q: How does socio-economic disparity contribute to communalism in India?\">Q: How does socio-economic disparity contribute to communalism in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#Q_How_does_political_opportunism_fuel_communalism_in_India\" title=\"Q: How does political opportunism fuel communalism in India?\">Q: How does political opportunism fuel communalism in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#Q_How_does_the_dissemination_of_misinformation_contribute_to_communalism_in_India\" title=\"Q: How does the dissemination of misinformation contribute to communalism in India?\">Q: How does the dissemination of misinformation contribute to communalism in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#Q_What_role_does_religious_extremism_play_in_fostering_communalism_in_India\" title=\"Q: What role does religious extremism play in fostering communalism in India?\">Q: What role does religious extremism play in fostering communalism in India?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-aiding-communalism-in-india-upsc-indian-society-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_aiding_Communalism_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Factors aiding Communalism in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Political Factor<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Historical Factor<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Economic Factor<\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Social Factor<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"a_Political_Factor\"><\/span>(a) <strong>Political Factor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The political factors include religion-based politics, identity politics, partiality of political leaders towards their communities, communal speeches and hate speech by party leaders and politicians during elections (though steps have been taken against the same recently, still they continue unabated) etc.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Mandir-Masjid politics, Babri masjid demolition, etc., can be considered an outcome of this process.<\/li><li>In India, opportunistic politics is a major reason for communalism. It&#8217;s led by the middle or upper class aiming for political advantages, often using religious sentiments. They gain support from lower sections of society who relate to their cause.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"b_Historical_Factor\"><\/span>(b) <strong>Historical Factor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>British policy of divide and rule led them to focus on using religion to divide India. A prominent reason why this policy gained currency was that the Muslim middle class lagged behind the Hindus in terms of education, which contributed to their low representation in government jobs.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Due to lack of enough economic opportunities at that time, a government job was highly coveted by the middle classes.<\/li><li>The call for a separate nation of Pakistan grew stronger because of significant inequalities in social and economic factors, such as representation in influential positions.<\/li><li>Even the <strong>Mappila Rebellion<\/strong>, the first so-called communal clash, was more of a proletarian strike against the landed gentry than a communal riot. It only so happened that the landed gentry were Hindus and the peasants were Muslims. Such factors culminated in separate electorates for Muslims, which was later extended to the Sikhs and Anglo Indians.<\/li><li>Further, even British historians further advocated the cause of the British by projecting ancient India as being ruled by Hindus and Medieval period as the period of Muslim rule, when Hindus were exploited and threated. Some influential Indians too supported this projection.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"c_Economic_Factor\"><\/span>(c) <strong>&nbsp;Economic Factor<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The stagnant economy of India followed by its structural transformation including creation of a job-seeking middle class, shift from agriculture, industrialization etc., also pitted various religious communities against each other. Communalist elements exploited these circumstances.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In fact, the main social base for communalism was &amp; continues to be middle class people.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"d_Social_factors\"><\/span>(d) &nbsp; <strong>Social factors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Minority Concentration Areas, as identified by the government, are relativel backward and falling behind the national average in terms of socioeconomic and basic amenities indicators. This has also been systematically documented even in 2006 report by the <strong>Sachar Committee.<\/strong> These vulnerabilities and unfortunate realities are commonly misused to fan communalism and attain political ends.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Also, issues like beef consumption, Hindi\/Urdu imposition, conversion efforts by religious groups etc., further created a wedge between the Hindus and Muslims.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_historical_factors_contribute_to_communalism_in_India\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What historical factors contribute to communalism in India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Communalism in India has roots in the British colonial policy of divide and rule, which exacerbated religious tensions for political gains. Additionally, partition in 1947 led to deep-seated mistrust and animosity between religious communities, further fueling communal sentiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_does_socio-economic_disparity_contribute_to_communalism_in_India\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How does socio-economic disparity contribute to communalism in India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Socio-economic inequality often leads to competition and conflict between communities for resources and opportunities. This competition can be manipulated by political and religious leaders to stoke communal tensions, diverting attention from underlying issues and perpetuating divisive narratives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_does_political_opportunism_fuel_communalism_in_India\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How does political opportunism fuel communalism in India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Politicians often exploit religious identities for electoral gains, polarizing communities along religious lines to consolidate vote banks. They incite communal sentiments through hate speech, divisive rhetoric, and discriminatory policies, exacerbating tensions for short-term political benefits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_does_the_dissemination_of_misinformation_contribute_to_communalism_in_India\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How does the dissemination of misinformation contribute to communalism in India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Misinformation spread through traditional and social media platforms can distort perceptions and deepen existing prejudices. False narratives about historical events, religious teachings, and communal incidents can incite fear, mistrust, and hatred among communities, leading to communal violence and discord.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_role_does_religious_extremism_play_in_fostering_communalism_in_India\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What role does religious extremism play in fostering communalism in India?<\/strong> <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Extremist ideologies within religious groups propagate exclusivist beliefs and antagonize other communities, promoting intolerance and hostility. Radicalization and extremist activities can escalate communal tensions, posing a significant challenge to social harmony and secular values in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-0852e8d9-d77d-4f32-b617-621718b5dbf9\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-f1a56b80-b7b4-4135-a37b-2aa2660d6bfd\">For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-ac11dd41-cc2b-4afd-b9df-7cc51084d393\">For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-3285c649-2f18-4f86-b863-9ca055737fe0\">Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-a98aa02f-712e-4117-a211-d368b2ee4be7\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-e2cb2cad-5b82-4c27-b2a1-13223c909d62\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Communalism in India, a complex socio-political phenomenon, has persisted as a significant challenge to the nation&#8217;s unity and secular fabric. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":28932,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[294],"tags":[2160,186,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-28928","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-indian-society","tag-communalism-in-india","tag-general-studies-1","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28928","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28928"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28928\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28933,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28928\/revisions\/28933"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28932"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}