{"id":29714,"date":"2024-02-24T12:12:07","date_gmt":"2024-02-24T12:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=29714"},"modified":"2024-02-26T04:45:14","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T04:45:14","slug":"communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Communication &#8211; Satellite and Cyber Space &#8211; UPSC World Geography Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-geography?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Geography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Satellite communication is the process of conveying information between locations through the utilisation of communication satellites positioned in orbit around the Earth. The seamless experience of enjoying the English Premier League every weekend with friends would have been unattainable without the presence of these communication satellites. An essential component of this system is the communication satellite, an artificial satellite equipped with transponders that facilitate the transmission of signals. This technology establishes a communication channel connecting transmitters and receivers situated at distinct Earth locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The applications of satellite communication are widespread, encompassing telephone, radio, television, internet services, and military operations. Remarkably, there are over 2000 artificial satellites traversing the space just above us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each satellite serves a specific purpose and is positioned in diverse orbits. In this context, an orbit refers to the trajectory that a satellite follows as it revolves around a celestial body. Let&#8217;s delve into a closer examination of the various types of orbits employed in satellite communication.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/gRwdfqoYjPQasMAzH4vfOZLf3EyTAsvNqKXrCM-zgjmt4EOfmpKkLveEZNZkF1Fk2xwHtnCqP1AtzZqO7qzadPYvX17OZoo2A3qgde3n76DN15oqGEEtAVA9SaTgEuxjcxXK41a3RR0L1yWQyZSMlxg\" alt=\"orbit\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>orbit<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e11435409d9\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e11435409d9\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#LOW_EARTH_ORBIT\" title=\"LOW EARTH ORBIT\">LOW EARTH ORBIT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#MEDIUM_EARTH_ORBIT\" title=\"MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT\">MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#GEOSTATIONARY_ORBIT\" title=\"GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT\">GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#CYBER_SPACE\" title=\"CYBER SPACE\">CYBER SPACE<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Cyberspace_Faces_Threats_From\" title=\"Cyberspace Faces Threats From:\">Cyberspace Faces Threats From:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Interconnectedness_of_Sectors\" title=\"Interconnectedness of Sectors:\">Interconnectedness of Sectors:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Increase_in_Exposure_Points\" title=\"Increase in Exposure Points:\">Increase in Exposure Points:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Concentration_of_Assets\" title=\"Concentration of Assets:\">Concentration of Assets:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#CYBER_THREATS\" title=\"CYBER THREATS\">CYBER THREATS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Virus\" title=\"Virus:\">Virus:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Hacking_Websites\" title=\"Hacking Websites:\">Hacking Websites:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Malicious_Codes\" title=\"Malicious Codes:\">Malicious Codes:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Advanced_Worm_and_Trojan\" title=\"Advanced Worm and Trojan:\">Advanced Worm and Trojan:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Identity_Theft_and_Phishing\" title=\"Identity Theft and Phishing:\">Identity Theft and Phishing:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#DOS_DDOS\" title=\"DOS, DDOS:\">DOS, DDOS:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Cyber_Espionage\" title=\"Cyber Espionage:\">Cyber Espionage:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Cyber_Warfare\" title=\"Cyber Warfare:\">Cyber Warfare:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"(FAQs)\">(FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Q1_What_is_satellite_communication\" title=\"Q1: What is satellite communication?\">Q1: What is satellite communication?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Q2_How_do_communication_satellites_work\" title=\"Q2: How do communication satellites work?\">Q2: How do communication satellites work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Q3_How_many_artificial_satellites_are_there_in_space\" title=\"Q3: How many artificial satellites are there in space?\">Q3: How many artificial satellites are there in space?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Q4_What_are_the_advantages_of_Low_Earth_Orbit_LEO_satellites\" title=\"Q4: What are the advantages of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites?\">Q4: What are the advantages of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Q5_What_distinguishes_Medium_Earth_Orbit_MEO_satellites\" title=\"Q5: What distinguishes Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites?\">Q5: What distinguishes Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/communication-satellite-and-cyber-space-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LOW_EARTH_ORBIT\"><\/span><strong>LOW EARTH ORBIT<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is a circular orbit situated at an altitude ranging from 160 to 2000 km above the Earth&#8217;s surface. The advantageous features of LEO include its low altitude and circular orbit, enabling it to complete revolutions around the Earth in approximately 90 minutes. Due to their close proximity to the Earth and the swiftness of their orbits (circling the globe in just 90 minutes), these satellites offer a line of sight spanning about 1000 km. Notably, LEO satellites travel at remarkable speeds, achieving an &#8220;Around the World in 90 minutes&#8221; phenomenon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To ensure continuous connectivity for ground stations on Earth, a multitude of LEO satellites is essential. Despite their need for numerous satellites, LEO satellites offer several advantages. They are relatively easy to launch, and their proximity to the Earth means they do not necessitate high signal strength, presenting a significant benefit. Moreover, LEO satellites can be organised into satellite constellations, forming and maintaining specific arrangements relative to other satellites. This strategic constellation setup enhances the overall efficiency and capabilities of the satellite network in low Earth orbit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MEDIUM_EARTH_ORBIT\"><\/span><strong>MEDIUM EARTH ORBIT<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite is positioned in orbit around the Earth at an altitude ranging between 2000 and 35786 km above the surface. Unlike Low Earth Orbit satellites, MEO satellites take more time to complete orbits, typically requiring 3 to 12 hours for one revolution. This extended orbital period results in longer visibility durations compared to their LEO counterparts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The elevated position of MEO satellites, being higher up than LEO, contributes to improved coverage of the Earth&#8217;s surface. This advantage is particularly beneficial for communication services that require broader geographical reach. However, it&#8217;s important to note that the higher altitude of MEO satellites introduces certain drawbacks. The increased distance leads to longer communication delays and weaker signal strength, impacting the efficiency of real-time communication. Despite this limitation, MEO satellites strike a balance between coverage and signal performance, making them suitable for various applications, including global communication and navigation services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"GEOSTATIONARY_ORBIT\"><\/span><strong>GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;A satellite positioned in a geostationary orbit around the Earth, approximately 35786 km above the surface, would appear stationary to an observer on the ground. This is due to the synchronisation of the satellite&#8217;s angular velocity with that of the Earth. Both the Earth and the geostationary satellite cover 360 degrees in 24 hours, resulting in the satellite seemingly fixed in the sky relative to the observer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The advantage of having a geostationary satellite is that it eliminates the need to constantly track the satellite&#8217;s movement. Once the equipment is initially pointed towards the satellite, there&#8217;s no requirement for further adjustments. While the process of placing a satellite in geostationary orbit involves significant expenses and complex equipment, this investment is offset by the convenience it offers in certain applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In applications such as Direct-to-Home (DTH) television services, the benefits of geostationary satellites are particularly notable. The transmission from the satellite can be scaled to reach a large audience, and the reception equipment on the ground is relatively inexpensive. This combination of fixed positioning and cost-effective reception equipment makes geostationary satellites a preferred choice for broadcasting services, where a stable and widespread signal coverage is crucial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CYBER_SPACE\"><\/span><strong>CYBER SPACE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The term &#8220;Cyber&#8221; pertains to the realm of computers, information technology, and virtual reality. Cyberspace is formed by the interconnected internet ecosystems. The challenges faced by cyberspace pose significant issues, necessitating the development of cybersecurity measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cyberspace_Faces_Threats_From\"><\/span><strong>Cyberspace Faces Threats From:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interconnectedness_of_Sectors\"><\/span>Interconnectedness of Sectors:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The interconnected nature of various sectors within cyberspace creates vulnerabilities. As systems and networks become increasingly interlinked, a breach in one sector can potentially impact others, highlighting the importance of robust cybersecurity measures to mitigate such risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Increase_in_Exposure_Points\"><\/span>Increase in Exposure Points:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The expanding digital landscape results in a higher number of exposure points. As more devices and systems become interconnected, the potential entry points for cyber threats multiply. This heightened exposure underscores the need for comprehensive cybersecurity strategies to safeguard against a variety of potential vulnerabilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Concentration_of_Assets\"><\/span>Concentration of Assets:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The concentration of valuable assets within cyberspace makes it an attractive target for malicious actors. Whether it&#8217;s sensitive information, financial resources, or critical infrastructure, the concentration of such assets increases the severity of potential cyber threats. Implementing effective cybersecurity measures is crucial to protect these concentrated assets from unauthorised access and exploitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CYBER_THREATS\"><\/span><strong>CYBER THREATS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Over time, various types of cyber attacks have evolved, each posing unique threats to digital environments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Virus\"><\/span>Virus:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A type of malware that self-replicates and spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents, potentially causing widespread damage to systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hacking_Websites\"><\/span>Hacking Websites:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Unauthorised access to websites, whether personal or professional, can lead to data breaches, loss of sensitive information, and compromise the security of the targeted site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Malicious_Codes\"><\/span>Malicious Codes:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Security threats involving harmful code within software, which can breach system security and inflict damage on the targeted system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advanced_Worm_and_Trojan\"><\/span>Advanced Worm and Trojan:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Malware disguised as legitimate software that, upon access, can cause damage to hard drives, disrupt background systems, and corrupt allocation systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Identity_Theft_and_Phishing\"><\/span>Identity Theft and Phishing:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cyber attacks involving fraudulent emails that pose as legitimate entities, aiming to deceive individuals into revealing personal and professional information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DOS_DDOS\"><\/span>DOS, DDOS:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Denial-of-Service (DOS) attacks and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDOS) attacks involve overwhelming a machine or network with superfluous requests, rendering services unavailable by overloading systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cyber_Espionage\"><\/span>Cyber Espionage:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The illicit use of computer networks, particularly targeting government or important organisational privacy, to gather confidential information without authorization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cyber_Warfare\"><\/span>Cyber Warfare:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Deliberate attacks on information systems using computer technology to disrupt a state&#8217;s activities, especially for military purposes, with the intent of causing strategic disruptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span><strong>(FAQs)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_satellite_communication\"><\/span>Q1: What is satellite communication?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: Satellite communication is the process of transmitting information between locations using communication satellites in Earth&#8217;s orbit. These satellites establish communication channels, connecting transmitters and receivers at different Earth locations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_How_do_communication_satellites_work\"><\/span>Q2: How do communication satellites work?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: Communication satellites, equipped with transponders, facilitate signal transmission by creating communication channels between transmitters and receivers on Earth. These satellites play a crucial role in various applications such as telephone, radio, television, internet services, and military operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_How_many_artificial_satellites_are_there_in_space\"><\/span>Q3: How many artificial satellites are there in space?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: There are over 2000 artificial satellites orbiting the Earth, serving different purposes and positioned in diverse orbits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_What_are_the_advantages_of_Low_Earth_Orbit_LEO_satellites\"><\/span>Q4: What are the advantages of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: LEO satellites, with an altitude of 160 to 2000 km, offer advantages such as quick orbital revolutions (circling the Earth in about 90 minutes), ease of launch, and lower signal strength requirements due to their proximity to the Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_What_distinguishes_Medium_Earth_Orbit_MEO_satellites\"><\/span>Q5: What distinguishes Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: MEO satellites, positioned between 2000 and 35786 km, provide extended orbital periods, leading to longer visibility durations. They offer improved coverage for communication services but may experience longer communication delays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Satellite communication is the process of conveying information between locations through the utilisation of communication satellites<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":29727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[186,2227,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-29714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geography-general-studies","tag-general-studies-1","tag-satellite-communication","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29714"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29715,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29714\/revisions\/29715"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29727"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}