{"id":29768,"date":"2024-02-26T06:26:30","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T06:26:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=29768"},"modified":"2024-02-26T06:26:32","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T06:26:32","slug":"classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Classification of Indian Rock System &#8211; UPSC World Geography Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-geography?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Geography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The classification of India&#8217;s rock system is a dynamic and intricate process that offers a glimpse into the geological history of the subcontinent. India&#8217;s diverse terrain, spanning from the lofty Himalayas to the vast Deccan Plateau, is adorned with a rich tapestry of rock formations, each telling its own story of sedimentation, tectonic activity, and metamorphism over millions of years. This classification serves as a crucial tool for geologists and researchers to decipher the complexities of India&#8217;s geological past, enabling a deeper understanding of its natural resources, environmental landscapes, and seismic hazards. By organizing rocks into systematic categories based on their origin, composition, and age, this classification framework provides a foundation for studying the geological evolution of India and unraveling the mysteries hidden beneath its surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Geological structure<\/strong> primarily pertains to the arrangement and deposition of rocks within the Earth&#8217;s crust, influenced by earth movements or their absence. This concept also extends to the morphological features of rocks, exemplified by the Gondwana structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db1ece2a19a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69db1ece2a19a\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Geological_Time_Scale\" title=\"Geological Time Scale:\">Geological Time Scale:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Geological_History_of_India\" title=\"Geological History of India:\">Geological History of India:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Major_Events_in_Indias_Geological_History\" title=\"Major Events in India&#8217;s Geological History:\">Major Events in India&#8217;s Geological History:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Archaean_Rock_System_Precambrian_Rocks\" title=\"Archaean Rock System (Precambrian Rocks)\">Archaean Rock System (Precambrian Rocks)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Archaean_Gneisses_and_Schists_4_Billion_Years\" title=\"Archaean Gneisses and Schists [4 Billion Years]:\">Archaean Gneisses and Schists [4 Billion Years]:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Dharwar_System_4_%E2%80%93_1_Billion_Years\" title=\"Dharwar System [4 \u2013 1 Billion Years]:\">Dharwar System [4 \u2013 1 Billion Years]:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Purana_Rock_System_1400_%E2%80%93_600_Million_Years_includes_two_divisions\" title=\"Purana Rock System (1400 \u2013 600 Million Years) includes two divisions:\">Purana Rock System (1400 \u2013 600 Million Years) includes two divisions:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Cuddapah_System\" title=\"Cuddapah System:\">Cuddapah System:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Vindhyan_System_1300-600_million_years\" title=\"Vindhyan System (1300-600 million years):\">Vindhyan System (1300-600 million years):<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#The_Dravidian_Rock_System_Palaeozoic_formed_about_600_%E2%80%93_300_million_years_ago\" title=\"The Dravidian Rock System (Palaeozoic) formed about 600 \u2013 300 million years ago.\u00a0\">The Dravidian Rock System (Palaeozoic) formed about 600 \u2013 300 million years ago.\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Carboniferous_Rocks_350_Million_Years\" title=\"Carboniferous Rocks (350 Million Years):\">Carboniferous Rocks (350 Million Years):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Aryan_Rock_System_Upper_Carboniferous_to_the_Recent\" title=\"Aryan Rock System (Upper Carboniferous to the Recent)\">Aryan Rock System (Upper Carboniferous to the Recent)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#FAQs_Geological_Structure_Time_Scale_and_History_of_India\" title=\"FAQs: Geological Structure, Time Scale, and History of India\">FAQs: Geological Structure, Time Scale, and History of India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#1-What_does_the_term_%E2%80%9CGeological_Structure%E2%80%9D_encompass\" title=\"1-What does the term &#8220;Geological Structure&#8221; encompass?\">1-What does the term &#8220;Geological Structure&#8221; encompass?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#2-What_is_the_Geological_Time_Scale_and_who_developed_it\" title=\"2-What is the Geological Time Scale, and who developed it?\">2-What is the Geological Time Scale, and who developed it?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#3-How_is_the_geological_history_of_India_analysed_and_what_are_the_major_events_in_this_history\" title=\"3-How is the geological history of India analysed, and what are the major events in this history?\">3-How is the geological history of India analysed, and what are the major events in this history?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#4-What_are_the_major_rock_systems_classified_by_the_Geological_Survey_of_India\" title=\"4-What are the major rock systems classified by the Geological Survey of India?\">4-What are the major rock systems classified by the Geological Survey of India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#5-Tell_us_about_the_Archaean_Rock_System\" title=\"5-Tell us about the Archaean Rock System.\">5-Tell us about the Archaean Rock System.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#6-What_characterizes_the_Dharwar_System_within_the_Archaean_Rock_System\" title=\"6-What characterizes the Dharwar System within the Archaean Rock System?\">6-What characterizes the Dharwar System within the Archaean Rock System?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#7-Provide_an_overview_of_the_Purana_Rock_System\" title=\"7-Provide an overview of the Purana Rock System.\">7-Provide an overview of the Purana Rock System.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/classification-of-indian-rock-system-upsc-world-geography-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geological_Time_Scale\"><\/span><strong>Geological Time Scale:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The chronological dating of geological formations (geological strata) and life is based on their time and place of origin, evolution, and extinction.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Giovanni Ardunia<\/strong> first developed the Geological Time Scale in 1760, while the standardised version emerged during the International Geological Congress in 1881, Italy. T.S. Holland advocated the Indian Geological Time Scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geological_History_of_India\"><\/span><strong>Geological History of India:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The geological history of India involves the analysis of its geological structure and rock systems in relation to their geographical locations. Physiographic divisions, namely Peninsular India and Extra Peninsular India, serve as reference points for understanding geological formations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_Events_in_Indias_Geological_History\"><\/span><strong>Major Events in India&#8217;s Geological History:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Peninsular India&#8217;s association with the ancient landmass since the Earth&#8217;s Crust formation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The upheaval of the Himalayas during the tertiary period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aggradational formation of the Indo-Gangetic plain during the Pleistocene period, an ongoing process characterised by sedimentation in the floodplains of rivers and the lower Gangetic plain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Due to the intricate and diverse geological history of India, the Geological Survey of India has classified the rock systems of the country into four major divisions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Archaean Rock System:<\/li><li>Purana Rock System:<\/li><li>Dravidian Rock System:<\/li><li>Aryan Rock System:<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These four major rock systems collectively offer a comprehensive understanding of India&#8217;s geological evolution, covering a vast expanse of time and contributing to the country&#8217;s rich geological heritage.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/GcQeqQQR9p6J44QeVWkxA4zbxcN_hsPmUZhfpKcfj5oALQOlzofXLG_zRAhh-sygDYXmy63JwUjZrdvtoSGhI-MMvS3qZFusCEmyXntDs_5uJokmIfbPebCt6SLmEYqnU-XFnhauRyc34wX-gBEj8R4\" alt=\"rocks distribution \" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>rocks distribution <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Archaean_Rock_System_Precambrian_Rocks\"><\/span><strong>Archaean Rock System (Precambrian Rocks)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Archaean Rock System encompasses rocks formed before the Cambrian system, dating back approximately 4 billion years. This system includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Archaean_Gneisses_and_Schists_4_Billion_Years\"><\/span><strong>Archaean Gneisses and Schists [4 Billion Years]:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Gneiss exhibits varying mineral compositions, ranging from granite to gabbro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Schists are predominantly crystalline and may contain minerals like mica, talc, hornblende, and chlorite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Oldest rocks formed around 4 billion years ago during the pre-Cambrian era.<\/li><li>Resulted from the solidification of molten magma on a highly heated Earth&#8217;s surface.<\/li><li>Referred to as the &#8216;Basement Complex&#8217; due to their age, forming the base for subsequent layers.<\/li><li>Azoic or unfossiliferous, foliated, thoroughly crystalline, and includes plutonic intrusions (volcanic rocks found deep inside).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dharwar_System_4_%E2%80%93_1_Billion_Years\"><\/span><strong>Dharwar System [4 \u2013 1 Billion Years]:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Formation period ranges from 4 billion years ago to 1 billion years ago.<\/li><li>Comprises highly metamorphosed sedimentary rock-system, resulting from the metamorphosis of sediments of Archaean gneisses and schists.<\/li><li>Found abundantly in the <strong>Dharwad district of Karnataka<\/strong>.<\/li><li>Economically significant for hosting valuable minerals such as high-grade iron-ore, manganese, copper, lead, gold, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Purana_Rock_System_1400_%E2%80%93_600_Million_Years_includes_two_divisions\"><\/span><strong>Purana Rock System (1400 \u2013 600 Million Years) includes two divisions:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cuddapah_System\"><\/span><strong>Cuddapah System:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Deposits of unfossiliferous clay, slates, sandstones, and limestones in synclinal basins.<\/li><li>Prominently observed in the Cuddapah district of Andhra Pradesh.<\/li><li>Rich in ores of iron, manganese, copper, cobalt, nickel, and large deposits of cement-grade limestones.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Vindhyan_System_1300-600_million_years\"><\/span><strong>Vindhyan System (1300-600 million years):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Named after the Vindhya mountains, it comprises ancient sedimentary rocks (4000 m thick) superimposed on the Archaean base.<\/li><li>Mostly unfossiliferous and covers a large area of the Deccan trap.<\/li><li>Diamond-bearing regions, yielding Panna and Golconda diamonds.<\/li><li>Devoid of metalliferous minerals but provides durable stones, ornamental stones, limestone, and pure glass-making sand.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Dravidian_Rock_System_Palaeozoic_formed_about_600_%E2%80%93_300_million_years_ago\"><\/span><strong>The Dravidian Rock System (Palaeozoic) formed about 600 \u2013 300 million years ago.\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Found in the Extra Peninsular region (Himalayas and Ganga plain) and is abundant in fossils. The Carboniferous rocks (350 million years) within the Dravidian system are particularly noteworthy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Carboniferous_Rocks_350_Million_Years\"><\/span><strong>Carboniferous Rocks (350 Million Years):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mainly composed of limestone, shale, and quartzite.<\/li><li>Mount Everest is composed of Upper Carboniferous limestones.<\/li><li>Marks the beginning of coal formation, with most of the coal found in India not belonging to the Carboniferous period.<\/li><li>The term &#8220;Carboniferous&#8221; denotes coal-bearing, and high-quality coal from regions like the Great Lakes Region-USA, U.K., and Ruhr region is Carboniferous coal.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aryan_Rock_System_Upper_Carboniferous_to_the_Recent\"><\/span><strong>Aryan Rock System (Upper Carboniferous to the Recent)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gondwana System derived its name from the Gonds, the most primitive people of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It includes deposits laid down in synclinal troughs on an ancient plateau surface. Notable for containing nearly 98% of India&#8217;s coal reserves, Gondwana coal is younger than Carboniferous coal.<\/li><li>&nbsp;It also has rich deposits of iron ore, copper, uranium, antimony, and serves as a source of building materials.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The Jurassic System<\/strong> involves marine transgressions, giving rise to shallow water deposits in Rajasthan and Kachchh.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deccan Trap, resulting from volcanic outbursts, covers a vast area in Peninsular India, with basaltic lava flows creating distinct geological features.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It has been divided into three groups &#8211; the Upper Trap, Middle Trap, and Lower Trap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Tertiary System (Eocene to Pliocene) spans about 60 to 7 million years ago and is crucial in India&#8217;s geological history, marking the birth of the Himalayas and the formation of India&#8217;s present shape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_Geological_Structure_Time_Scale_and_History_of_India\"><\/span><strong>FAQs: Geological Structure, Time Scale, and History of India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-What_does_the_term_%E2%80%9CGeological_Structure%E2%80%9D_encompass\"><\/span>1-What does the term &#8220;Geological Structure&#8221; encompass?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Geological structure primarily pertains to the arrangement and deposition of rocks within the Earth&#8217;s crust, influenced by earth movements or their absence. This concept also extends to the morphological features of rocks, exemplified by the Gondwana structure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-What_is_the_Geological_Time_Scale_and_who_developed_it\"><\/span>2-What is the Geological Time Scale, and who developed it?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Geological Time Scale involves the chronological dating of geological formations (geological strata) and life based on their time and place of origin, evolution, and extinction. Giovanni Ardunia first developed the Geological Time Scale in 1760, and the standardised version emerged during the International Geological Congress in 1881, Italy. T.S. Holland advocated the Indian Geological Time Scale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-How_is_the_geological_history_of_India_analysed_and_what_are_the_major_events_in_this_history\"><\/span>3-How is the geological history of India analysed, and what are the major events in this history?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The geological history of India involves the analysis of its geological structure and rock systems in relation to their geographical locations. Major events include Peninsular India&#8217;s association with the ancient landmass since the Earth&#8217;s Crust formation, the upheaval of the Himalayas during the tertiary period, and the ongoing aggradational formation of the Indo-Gangetic plain during the Pleistocene period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-What_are_the_major_rock_systems_classified_by_the_Geological_Survey_of_India\"><\/span>4-What are the major rock systems classified by the Geological Survey of India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Geological Survey of India has classified India&#8217;s rock systems into four major divisions: Archaean Rock System, Purana Rock System, Dravidian Rock System, and Aryan Rock System.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-Tell_us_about_the_Archaean_Rock_System\"><\/span>5-Tell us about the Archaean Rock System.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Archaean Rock System encompasses rocks formed before the Cambrian system, dating back approximately 4 billion years. It includes Archaean Gneisses and Schists, the oldest rocks formed around 4 billion years ago during the pre-Cambrian era.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6-What_characterizes_the_Dharwar_System_within_the_Archaean_Rock_System\"><\/span>6-What characterizes the Dharwar System within the Archaean Rock System?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Dharwar System, dating from 4 billion years ago to 1 billion years ago, comprises highly metamorphosed sedimentary rock-system found abundantly in the Dharwad district of Karnataka. It is economically significant for hosting valuable minerals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7-Provide_an_overview_of_the_Purana_Rock_System\"><\/span>7-Provide an overview of the Purana Rock System.<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Purana Rock System, dating from 1400 to 600 million years ago, includes the Cuddapah System with deposits of unfossiliferous clay, slates, sandstones, and limestones. The Vindhyan System, named after the Vindhya mountains, comprises ancient sedimentary rocks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The classification of India&#8217;s rock system is a dynamic and intricate process that offers a glimpse into the geological history of the subcontinent. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":29770,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[186,2235,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-29768","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geography-general-studies","tag-general-studies-1","tag-rock-system","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29768","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=29768"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":29771,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29768\/revisions\/29771"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=29768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=29768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=29768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}