{"id":30060,"date":"2024-02-27T06:25:24","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T06:25:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=30060"},"modified":"2024-02-27T06:25:28","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T06:25:28","slug":"major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Major and Minor Soils of India &#8211; UPSC Indian Geography Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-geography?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Geography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/14-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>India, a land of diverse geographical features and climatic conditions, hosts a rich variety of soils crucial for its agricultural productivity. The soils of India can be broadly categorized into two major types: alluvial soils and non-alluvial soils. Alluvial soils, predominantly found in the Indo-Gangetic plains and along the river valleys, are characterized by their fertility and suitability for a wide range of crops. Conversely, non-alluvial soils encompass a plethora of minor soil types, each with distinct characteristics and distribution across the country. These minor soils include black soils, red soils, laterite soils, desert soils, and mountain soils, among others. Understanding the composition, properties, and distribution of both major and minor soils is paramount for sustainable agricultural practices and land management in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d3e9e0b8bb5\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d3e9e0b8bb5\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#SOILS_OF_INDIA\" title=\"SOILS OF INDIA\">SOILS OF INDIA<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Major_groups\" title=\"Major groups:\">Major groups:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#ALLUVIAL_SOIL\" title=\"ALLUVIAL SOIL\">ALLUVIAL SOIL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Characteristics_of_Alluvial_Soils\" title=\"Characteristics of Alluvial Soils:\">Characteristics of Alluvial Soils:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Origin_and_Composition\" title=\"Origin and Composition:\">Origin and Composition:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Drainage_and_Agricultural_Favorability\" title=\"Drainage and Agricultural Favorability:\">Drainage and Agricultural Favorability:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Chemical_Properties\" title=\"Chemical Properties:\">Chemical Properties:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Distribution_of_Alluvial_Soils_in_India\" title=\"Distribution of Alluvial Soils in India:\">Distribution of Alluvial Soils in India:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Crops_Suited_for_Alluvial_Soils\" title=\"Crops Suited for Alluvial Soils:\">Crops Suited for Alluvial Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Geological_Divisions\" title=\"Geological Divisions:\">Geological Divisions:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-6' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Bhabar\" title=\"Bhabar:\">Bhabar:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Terai\" title=\"Terai:\">Terai:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Bhangar\" title=\"Bhangar:\">Bhangar:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-6'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Khadar\" title=\"Khadar:\">Khadar:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#BLACK_SOIL\" title=\"BLACK SOIL\">BLACK SOIL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Characteristics_of_Black_Soils\" title=\"Characteristics of Black Soils:\">Characteristics of Black Soils:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Argillaceous_Composition\" title=\"Argillaceous Composition:\">Argillaceous Composition:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Moisture_Retention\" title=\"Moisture Retention:\">Moisture Retention:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Color_of_Black_Soils\" title=\"Color of Black Soils:\">Color of Black Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Chemical_Composition\" title=\"Chemical Composition:\">Chemical Composition:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Distribution_of_Black_Soils\" title=\"Distribution of Black Soils:\">Distribution of Black Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Crops_in_Black_Soils\" title=\"Crops in Black Soils:\">Crops in Black Soils:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#RED_SOIL\" title=\"RED SOIL&nbsp;\">RED SOIL&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Characteristics_of_Red_Soils\" title=\"Characteristics of Red Soils:\">Characteristics of Red Soils:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Texture\" title=\"Texture:\">Texture:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Chemical_Composition-2\" title=\"Chemical Composition:\">Chemical Composition:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Color_of_Red_Soils\" title=\"Color of Red Soils:\">Color of Red Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Distribution_of_Red_Soils\" title=\"Distribution of Red Soils:\">Distribution of Red Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Crops_in_Red_Soils\" title=\"Crops in Red Soils:\">Crops in Red Soils:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#LATERITE_SOIL\" title=\"LATERITE SOIL\">LATERITE SOIL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Formation_and_Characteristics_of_Laterite_Soils\" title=\"Formation and Characteristics of Laterite Soils:\">Formation and Characteristics of Laterite Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Weathering_Process\" title=\"Weathering Process:\">Weathering Process:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Color_and_Composition\" title=\"Color and Composition:\">Color and Composition:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Distribution_of_Laterite_Soils\" title=\"Distribution of Laterite Soils:\">Distribution of Laterite Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Crops_in_Laterite_Soils\" title=\"Crops in Laterite Soils:\">Crops in Laterite Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Economic_Value_of_Laterite_Soils\" title=\"Economic Value of Laterite Soils:\">Economic Value of Laterite Soils:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#FOREST-_MOUNTAIN_SOIL\" title=\"FOREST- MOUNTAIN SOIL\">FOREST- MOUNTAIN SOIL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Distribution_of_Forest-Mountain_Soils\" title=\"Distribution of Forest-Mountain Soils:\">Distribution of Forest-Mountain Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Chemical_Properties_of_Forest-Mountain_Soils\" title=\"Chemical Properties of Forest-Mountain Soils:\">Chemical Properties of Forest-Mountain Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Crops_in_Forest-Mountain_Soils\" title=\"Crops in Forest-Mountain Soils:\">Crops in Forest-Mountain Soils:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#ARID_-DESERT_SOIL\" title=\"ARID -DESERT SOIL\">ARID -DESERT SOIL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Distribution_of_Arid-Desert_Soils\" title=\"Distribution of Arid-Desert Soils:\">Distribution of Arid-Desert Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Chemical_Properties_of_Arid-Desert_Soils\" title=\"Chemical Properties of Arid-Desert Soils:\">Chemical Properties of Arid-Desert Soils:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Crops_in_Arid-Desert_Soils\" title=\"Crops in Arid-Desert Soils:\">Crops in Arid-Desert Soils:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#SALINE_SOIL\" title=\"SALINE SOIL\">SALINE SOIL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Distribution_of_Saline_Soils\" title=\"Distribution of Saline Soils:\">Distribution of Saline Soils:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Formation_and_Causes\" title=\"Formation and Causes:\">Formation and Causes:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Mitigation_Measures\" title=\"Mitigation Measures:\">Mitigation Measures:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#PEATY_SOIL\" title=\"PEATY SOIL\">PEATY SOIL<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Characteristics_of_Peaty_Soils\" title=\"Characteristics of Peaty Soils:\">Characteristics of Peaty Soils:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Texture_and_Color\" title=\"Texture and Color:\">Texture and Color:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Geographical_Distribution\" title=\"Geographical Distribution:\">Geographical Distribution:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Formation_and_Composition\" title=\"Formation and Composition:\">Formation and Composition:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#FAQs_%E2%80%93_Indian_Soils_from_a_Geological_Perspective\" title=\"FAQs &#8211; Indian Soils from a Geological Perspective\">FAQs &#8211; Indian Soils from a Geological Perspective<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#1_What_are_the_main_categories_of_Indian_soils_from_a_geological_perspective\" title=\"1. What are the main categories of Indian soils from a geological perspective?\">1. What are the main categories of Indian soils from a geological perspective?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#2_How_do_Peninsular_Indian_soils_differ_from_Extra-Peninsular_Indian_soils\" title=\"2. How do Peninsular Indian soils differ from Extra-Peninsular Indian soils?\">2. How do Peninsular Indian soils differ from Extra-Peninsular Indian soils?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#3_What_are_the_major_groups_of_Indian_soils\" title=\"3. What are the major groups of Indian soils?\">3. What are the major groups of Indian soils?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#4_What_is_the_origin_of_Alluvial_soils_and_where_are_they_predominantly_found\" title=\"4. What is the origin of Alluvial soils, and where are they predominantly found?\">4. What is the origin of Alluvial soils, and where are they predominantly found?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#5_What_are_the_characteristics_of_Alluvial_soils\" title=\"5. What are the characteristics of Alluvial soils?\">5. What are the characteristics of Alluvial soils?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#6_Where_are_Black_soils_found_and_what_is_their_parent_material\" title=\"6. Where are Black soils found, and what is their parent material?\">6. Where are Black soils found, and what is their parent material?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#7_What_is_the_unique_characteristic_of_Black_soils_and_what_crops_do_they_support\" title=\"7. What is the unique characteristic of Black soils, and what crops do they support?\">7. What is the unique characteristic of Black soils, and what crops do they support?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#8_Which_parent_rocks_contribute_to_the_formation_of_Red_soils\" title=\"8. Which parent rocks contribute to the formation of Red soils?\">8. Which parent rocks contribute to the formation of Red soils?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#9_Where_are_Red_soils_predominantly_found_and_what_crops_do_they_support\" title=\"9. Where are Red soils predominantly found, and what crops do they support?\">9. Where are Red soils predominantly found, and what crops do they support?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#10_What_is_the_origin_of_Laterite_soils_and_where_are_they_found_in_India\" title=\"10. What is the origin of Laterite soils, and where are they found in India?\">10. What is the origin of Laterite soils, and where are they found in India?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/major-and-minor-soils-of-india-upsc-indian-geography-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SOILS_OF_INDIA\"><\/span><strong>SOILS OF INDIA<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>From a geological perspective, Indian soils can be categorized into two main groups: those of peninsular India and those of extra-peninsular India.<\/li><li>The peninsular Indian soils originate primarily through the in-situ decomposition of rocks, directly deriving from the underlying geological formations.\u00a0<\/li><li>These soils, commonly referred to as sedentary soils, experience minimal transportation and redeposition processes.<\/li><li>On the other hand, the soils of extra-peninsular India result from the depositional actions of rivers and wind.\u00a0<\/li><li>Characterized by significant depth, these soils are often termed as transported or azonal soils due to their origin from external geological processes rather than on-site rock decomposition.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Major_groups\"><\/span><strong>Major groups:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Alluvial soils,<\/li><li>Black soils,<\/li><li>Red soils,<\/li><li>Laterite and Lateritic soils,<\/li><li>Forest and Mountain soils,<\/li><li>Arid and Desert soils,<\/li><li>Saline and Alkaline soils and<\/li><li>Peaty and Marshy soils.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ALLUVIAL_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>ALLUVIAL SOIL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Alluvial soils primarily originate from the silt deposits carried by the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers, with additional formations occurring in coastal regions due to wave action.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The parent material for these soils is derived from the rocks of the Himalayas, indicating a transported origin.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Constituting the largest soil group, covering approximately 15 lakh sq km or about 46% of the total area, these soils play a crucial role in supporting over 40% of India&#8217;s population through highly productive agricultural lands.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_Alluvial_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics of Alluvial Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Origin_and_Composition\"><\/span><strong>Origin and Composition:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Immature and weak profiles due to recent formation.<\/li><li>Predominantly sandy with occasional occurrences of clayey soils.<\/li><li>Pebbly and gravelly soils are uncommon, while kankar (calcareous concretions) beds may be present in specific regions along river terraces.<\/li><li>Porous nature attributed to a loamy composition (equal proportion of sand and clay).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drainage_and_Agricultural_Favorability\"><\/span><strong>Drainage and Agricultural Favorability:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Porosity and texture contribute to excellent drainage, creating favorable conditions for agriculture.<\/li><li>Regular replenishment through recurrent floods enhances soil fertility.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_Properties\"><\/span><strong>Chemical Properties:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Generally low proportion of nitrogen.<\/li><li>Adequate levels of potash, phosphoric acid, and alkalies.<\/li><li>Varied proportions of iron oxide and lime.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Alluvial_Soils_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Distribution of Alluvial Soils in India:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Found along the Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra plains, excluding areas covered by desert sand.<\/li><li>Present in deltas of rivers such as the Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery.<\/li><li>Occur in the Narmada, Tapi valleys, and northern parts of Gujarat.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crops_Suited_for_Alluvial_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Crops Suited for Alluvial Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Ideal for agriculture, supporting the cultivation of rice, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, cotton, jute, maize, oilseeds, vegetables, and fruits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geological_Divisions\"><\/span><strong>Geological Divisions:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Geologically, the Great Plain of India&#8217;s alluvium is divided into newer (younger) khadar and older bhangar soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bhabar\"><\/span><strong>Bhabar:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Located along the Shiwalik foothills, the porous bhabar belt results from the deposition of alluvial fans, consisting of pebbly soils.<\/li><li>Unsuitable for agriculture due to porosity; supports mainly large trees.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Terai\"><\/span><strong>Terai:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A damp and marshy tract south of Bhabar, characterized by re-emerging underground streams and silty soils.<\/li><li>Rich in nitrogen and organic matter; suitable for crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, and jute.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bhangar\"><\/span><strong>Bhangar:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Older alluvium forming terraces higher than the floodplain; clayey and dark-colored composition.<\/li><li>Contains lime nodules known as &#8220;Kankar.&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khadar\"><\/span><strong>Khadar:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Comprises newer alluvium forming flood plains along river banks.<\/li><li>Flooded annually, contributing to high fertility; sandy clays and loams, less calcareous and carbonaceous compared to Bhangar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"BLACK_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>BLACK SOIL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The parent material for the majority of black soils is derived from volcanic rocks formed in the Deccan Plateau, including the Deccan and the Rajmahal trap.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In Tamil Nadu, gneisses and schists constitute the parent material, with gneisses being sufficiently deep and schists generally shallow.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These soils are characteristic of regions with high temperatures and low rainfall, making them typical to the dry and hot areas of the Peninsula.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_Black_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics of Black Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Argillaceous_Composition\"><\/span><strong>Argillaceous Composition:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Highly argillaceous with a significant clay factor, usually 62% or more.<\/li><li>Upland black soils generally exhibit lower fertility compared to those in valleys.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Moisture_Retention\"><\/span><strong>Moisture Retention:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Highly retentive of moisture, swelling significantly in the presence of moisture.<\/li><li>Becomes sticky and challenging to work on during the rainy season.<\/li><li>Shrinkage and the development of broad, deep cracks occur in summer, allowing for oxygenation and maintaining extraordinary fertility in the lower layers.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Color_of_Black_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Color of Black Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Black color results from titaniferous magnetite or iron and black constituents from the parent rock.<\/li><li>In Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh, the black color is derived from crystalline schists and basic gneisses.<\/li><li>Various shades of black, including deep black, medium black, shallow black, and mixtures of red and black, may be observed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_Composition\"><\/span><strong>Chemical Composition:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Alumina: 10%<\/li><li>Iron Oxide: 9-10%<\/li><li>Lime and Magnesium Carbonates: 6-8%<\/li><li>Variable Potash (less than 0.5%)<\/li><li>Low levels of phosphates, nitrogen, and humus.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Black_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Distribution of Black Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Spread over 46 lakh sq km, constituting 16.6% of the total area.<\/li><li>Found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crops_in_Black_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Crops in Black Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Best suited for cotton cultivation, leading to the designation of regur and black cotton soils.<\/li><li>Other major crops include wheat, jowar, linseed, Virginia tobacco, castor, sunflower, millets, rice, and sugarcane where irrigation is available.<\/li><li>Successfully supports a variety of vegetables and fruits.<\/li><li>These soils have historically sustained diverse crops for centuries without significant reliance on fertilizers and manures, demonstrating little to no evidence of exhaustion.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"RED_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>RED SOIL&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Red soils, along with their minor groups, constitute the largest soil group in India. These soils primarily originate from crystalline and metamorphic rocks, such as acid granites, gneisses, and quartzites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_Red_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics of Red Soils<\/strong>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Texture\"><\/span><strong>Texture:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Varying from sand to clay, with the majority being loams.<\/li><li>On uplands, red soils are poor, gravelly, and porous, while in lower areas, they are rich, deep, dark, and fertile.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_Composition-2\"><\/span><strong>Chemical Composition:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Acidic nature primarily due to the characteristics of the parent rocks.<\/li><li>Fair alkali content.<\/li><li>Poor in lime, magnesia, phosphates, nitrogen, and humus.<\/li><li>Fairly rich in potash and potassium.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Color_of_Red_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Color of Red Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Red color attributed to the presence of iron oxide.<\/li><li>Erosion of limestone, granites, gneisses, and quartzites leaves clay enclosed within rocks intact with non-soluble materials.<\/li><li>In oxidizing conditions, rust or iron oxide develops in the clay, giving the soil a characteristic red color above the water table.<\/li><li>The color is more a result of wide diffusion than a high percentage of iron oxide content.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Red_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Distribution of Red Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Predominantly found in regions with low rainfall.<\/li><li>Occupying about 3.5 lakh sq km (10.6%) of the total area of the country.<\/li><li>Extensively spread across Tamil Nadu, with other regions including parts of Karnataka, southeast Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Chota Nagpur plateau, parts of south Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Aravalis, and the eastern half of Rajasthan (Mewar or Marwar Plateau), along with parts of northeastern states.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crops_in_Red_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Crops in Red Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Red soils, being mostly loamy, do not retain water as effectively as black soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With proper fertilizer use and irrigation techniques, red soils yield good crops such as cotton, wheat, rice, pulses, millets, tobacco, oilseeds, potatoes, and various fruits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LATERITE_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>LATERITE SOIL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Laterite soils are primarily the result of extensive weathering processes, forming under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternating wet and dry periods. The term &#8220;Laterite&#8221; is derived from Latin, meaning brick, reflecting their ability to harden significantly upon losing moisture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formation_and_Characteristics_of_Laterite_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Formation and Characteristics of Laterite Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Weathering_Process\"><\/span><strong>Weathering Process:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall, promoting leaching of lime and silica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Result in a soil rich in oxides of iron and aluminum compounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Color_and_Composition\"><\/span><strong>Color and Composition:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Red color due to a low clay content and a higher proportion of gravel from red sandstones.<\/li><li>Rich in bauxite or ferric oxides.<\/li><li>Poor in lime, magnesia, potash, and nitrogen, with potential high phosphate content in the form of iron phosphate.<\/li><li>Humus content may be higher in wetter places.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Laterite_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Distribution of Laterite Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cover an area of 2.48 lakh sq km.<\/li><li>Continuous stretches found on the summits of the Western Ghats (1000 to 1500 m above mean sea level), Eastern Ghats, Rajmahal Hills, Vindhyan, Satpuras, and Malwa Plateau.<\/li><li>Also occur at lower levels and in valleys across various regions.<\/li><li>Well-developed in South Maharashtra, parts of Karnataka, and scattered in other regions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crops_in_Laterite_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Crops in Laterite Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Generally, lack fertility due to intensive leaching.<\/li><li>With proper manuring and irrigation, some laterites are suitable for growing plantation crops such as tea, coffee, rubber, cinchona, coconut, and arecanut.<\/li><li>In certain areas, these soils may support grazing grounds and scrub forests.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Economic_Value_of_Laterite_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Economic Value of Laterite Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Provide valuable building material.<\/li><li>Can be easily cut into cakes but hardens like iron when exposed to air.<\/li><li>Being the end-product of weathering, they have limited further weathering potential, rendering them durable.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FOREST-_MOUNTAIN_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>FOREST- MOUNTAIN SOIL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Forest-mountain soils cover approximately 2.85 lakh sq km or 8.67% of India&#8217;s total land area.\u00a0<\/li><li>These soils are primarily heterogeneous and are commonly found on hill slopes covered by forests.\u00a0<\/li><li>The formation of these soils is influenced by the deposition of organic matter from forests, with characteristics varying based on parent rocks, ground configuration, and climate.\u00a0<\/li><li>As a result, even soils in close proximity may differ significantly.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Forest-Mountain_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Distribution of Forest-Mountain Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In the Himalayan region, these soils are mainly found in valleys, less steep slopes, and north-facing slopes. South-facing slopes, being steep and exposed to denudation, do not support soil formation.<\/li><li>Forest soils also occur in the Western and Eastern Ghats.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_Properties_of_Forest-Mountain_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Chemical Properties of Forest-Mountain Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Very rich in humus, derived from organic matter in forests.<\/li><li>Deficient in potash, phosphorus, and lime.<\/li><li>Requires a significant amount of fertilizers for achieving high yields.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crops_in_Forest-Mountain_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Crops in Forest-Mountain Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Suitable for plantations of tea, coffee, spices, and tropical fruits in the peninsular forest region.<\/li><li>In the Himalayan forest region, crops such as wheat, maize, barley, and temperate fruits are cultivated.<\/li><li>The unique characteristics and distribution of Forest-Mountain soils make them well-suited for specific crops, and their fertility often depends on the organic matter contributed by the surrounding forests.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ARID_-DESERT_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>ARID -DESERT SOIL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Desert soils, primarily composed of Aeolian sand (90 to 95%) and clay (5 to 10%), cover a total area of 1.42 lakh sq km (4.32%).&nbsp;<\/li><li>The dominance of sand inhibits soil growth, and the intrusion of desert sand under the influence of wind, known as Aeolian sand, often leads to the desertification of neighboring soils.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Arid-Desert_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Distribution of Arid-Desert Soils<\/strong>:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Found in arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, Punjab, and Haryana, where the sand is blown from the Indus basin and the coast by prevailing southwest monsoon winds.<\/li><li>Sandy soils without a significant clay factor are also common in coastal regions of Odisha, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemical_Properties_of_Arid-Desert_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Chemical Properties of Arid-Desert Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Generally poor in organic matter.<\/li><li>Some desert soils are alkaline with varying degrees of soluble salts like calcium carbonate.<\/li><li>Calcium content increases downwards, with the subsoil having ten times more calcium.<\/li><li>Phosphate content is as high as in normal alluvial soils.<\/li><li>Nitrogen is initially low, but some is available in the form of nitrates.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Crops_in_Arid-Desert_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Crops in Arid-Desert Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The presence of phosphates and nitrates makes these soils fertile wherever moisture is available.<\/li><li>Reclamation is possible with proper irrigation facilities.<\/li><li>In large areas, drought-resistant and salt-tolerant crops such as barley, cotton, millets, maize, and pulses are grown.<\/li><li>Despite the challenging conditions, the fertility of arid-desert soils can be harnessed with adequate irrigation, enabling the cultivation of specific crops that are adapted to the unique characteristics of these soils.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46428 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Refer &amp; Earn NOW<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SALINE_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>SALINE SOIL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Saline soils, also known as Usara soils, exhibit a higher concentration of sodium, potassium, and magnesium, and they lack vegetative maturity.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These soils are commonly found in arid and semi-arid areas as well as waterlogged and swampy regions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Characterized by a deficiency in nitrogen and calcium, saline soils pose challenges to vegetation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Distribution_of_Saline_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Distribution of Saline Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Saline soils are prevalent in arid and semi-arid regions, waterlogged areas, and swampy regions.<\/li><li>Extensive occurrences are noted in western Gujarat, the deltas of the eastern coast, and the Sundarbans region in West Bengal.<\/li><li>In regions with intensive cultivation and excessive irrigation, especially in areas influenced by the green revolution, fertile alluvial soils are becoming saline.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formation_and_Causes\"><\/span><strong>Formation and Causes:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Extreme irrigation in conjunction with dry climatic conditions promotes capillary action, leading to the deposition of salt on the topmost layer of the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mitigation_Measures\"><\/span><strong>Mitigation Measures:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In regions facing salinity issues, particularly in Punjab and Haryana, farmers are often recommended to add gypsum to address the challenge of soil salinity.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Gypsum can help improve soil structure and reduce the impact of sodium on soil permeability.<\/li><li>Addressing salinity in soils is crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity, and appropriate measures, such as gypsum application, can contribute to mitigating the adverse effects of soil salinity.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PEATY_SOIL\"><\/span><strong>PEATY SOIL<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Peaty soils are commonly found in areas with abundant rainfall and high humidity, where there is vigorous vegetation growth.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The accumulation of a substantial amount of dead organic matter in these regions contributes to the development of rich humus and organic content in the soil.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Organic matter in peaty soils can range from 40% to 50%, making them nutrient-rich.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_Peaty_Soils\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics of Peaty Soils:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Texture_and_Color\"><\/span><strong>Texture and Color:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>These soils are typically heavy and exhibit a black color, indicative of their high organic content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In some areas, peaty soils may also have a saline nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Geographical_Distribution\"><\/span><strong>Geographical Distribution:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Extensively found in the northern part of Bihar, the southern part of Uttaranchal, and the waterfront areas of West Bengal, Orissa, and Tamil Nadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Formation_and_Composition\"><\/span><strong>Formation and Composition:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The presence of abundant vegetation leads to the accumulation of dead organic matter, resulting in the high humus and organic content characteristic of peaty soils.<\/li><li>Peaty soils are valuable for agriculture due to their high nutrient content, but their management requires careful consideration to prevent issues such as soil subsidence and drainage problems.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These soils are particularly suitable for crops that thrive in nutrient-rich environments, and their conservation is important for sustainable agricultural practices in the regions where they are prevalent.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_%E2%80%93_Indian_Soils_from_a_Geological_Perspective\"><\/span><strong>FAQs &#8211; Indian Soils from a Geological Perspective<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_are_the_main_categories_of_Indian_soils_from_a_geological_perspective\"><\/span>1. What are the main categories of Indian soils from a geological perspective?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Indian soils are broadly categorized into two groups: Peninsular India soils and Extra-Peninsular India soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_do_Peninsular_Indian_soils_differ_from_Extra-Peninsular_Indian_soils\"><\/span>2. How do Peninsular Indian soils differ from Extra-Peninsular Indian soils?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Peninsular Indian soils result from in-situ decomposition of rocks, while Extra-Peninsular soils are formed through depositional actions of rivers and wind, characterized by significant depth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_are_the_major_groups_of_Indian_soils\"><\/span>3. What are the major groups of Indian soils?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; The major soil groups in India include Alluvial, Black, Red, Laterite and Lateritic, Forest and Mountain, Arid and Desert, Saline and Alkaline, and Peaty and Marshy soils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_What_is_the_origin_of_Alluvial_soils_and_where_are_they_predominantly_found\"><\/span>4. What is the origin of Alluvial soils, and where are they predominantly found?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Alluvial soils originate from silt deposits carried by Indo-Gangetic-Brahmaputra rivers. They are found along the plains of these rivers, covering about 46% of India&#8217;s total area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_What_are_the_characteristics_of_Alluvial_soils\"><\/span>5. What are the characteristics of Alluvial soils?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Alluvial soils have immature profiles, are predominantly sandy, and exhibit good drainage. They support various crops and are regularly replenished by floods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Where_are_Black_soils_found_and_what_is_their_parent_material\"><\/span>6. Where are Black soils found, and what is their parent material?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Black soils are found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. Their parent material includes volcanic rocks from the Deccan Plateau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_What_is_the_unique_characteristic_of_Black_soils_and_what_crops_do_they_support\"><\/span>7. What is the unique characteristic of Black soils, and what crops do they support?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Black soils are highly argillaceous, with good moisture retention. They are best suited for cotton cultivation and support crops like wheat, jowar, tobacco, and various vegetables and fruits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Which_parent_rocks_contribute_to_the_formation_of_Red_soils\"><\/span>8. Which parent rocks contribute to the formation of Red soils?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Red soils originate from crystalline and metamorphic rocks like acid granites, gneisses, and quartzites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Where_are_Red_soils_predominantly_found_and_what_crops_do_they_support\"><\/span>9. Where are Red soils predominantly found, and what crops do they support?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Red soils are widespread in regions with low rainfall, covering about 10.6% of India&#8217;s total area. They support crops like cotton, wheat, rice, and various pulses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_What_is_the_origin_of_Laterite_soils_and_where_are_they_found_in_India\"><\/span>10. What is the origin of Laterite soils, and where are they found in India?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8211; Laterite soils result from extensive weathering processes under high temperature and heavy rainfall. They are found on the summits of Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, Rajmahal Hills, and various plateaus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Alluvial soils, predominantly<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":30072,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[261],"tags":[186,1665,213,140],"class_list":["post-30060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-geography-general-studies","tag-general-studies-1","tag-soils-of-india","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30060","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30060"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30060\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30074,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30060\/revisions\/30074"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30060"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30060"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30060"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}