{"id":30648,"date":"2024-02-28T12:26:42","date_gmt":"2024-02-28T12:26:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=30648"},"modified":"2024-02-28T12:26:44","modified_gmt":"2024-02-28T12:26:44","slug":"factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Factors Limiting the Aquatic Productivity &#8211; UPSC Environment Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Aquatic productivity pertains to the speed at which energy is transferred to organic substances through the activities of photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The primary limiting factors in aquatic ecosystems include temperature, sunlight, oxygen levels, nutrient availability, and salinity.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d7828c107ac\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d7828c107ac\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#FACTORS_LIMITING_THE_PRODUCTIVITY\" title=\"FACTORS LIMITING THE PRODUCTIVITY\">FACTORS LIMITING THE PRODUCTIVITY<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#SUNLIGHT\" title=\"SUNLIGHT\">SUNLIGHT<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#PHOTIC_ZONE\" title=\"PHOTIC ZONE\">PHOTIC ZONE<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#APHOTIC_ZONE\" title=\"APHOTIC ZONE\">APHOTIC ZONE<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#DISSOLVED_OXYGEN\" title=\"DISSOLVED OXYGEN\">DISSOLVED OXYGEN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#TRANSPARENCY\" title=\"TRANSPARENCY\">TRANSPARENCY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#TEMPERATURE\" title=\"TEMPERATURE\">TEMPERATURE<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#FAQs-_Aquatic_Productivity_and_Limiting_Factors\" title=\"FAQs- Aquatic Productivity and Limiting Factors:\">FAQs- Aquatic Productivity and Limiting Factors:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q1_What_is_aquatic_productivity_and_why_is_it_important\" title=\"Q1: What is aquatic productivity, and why is it important?\">Q1: What is aquatic productivity, and why is it important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q2_What_are_the_primary_limiting_factors_in_aquatic_ecosystems\" title=\"Q2: What are the primary limiting factors in aquatic ecosystems?\">Q2: What are the primary limiting factors in aquatic ecosystems?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q3_How_does_sunlight_affect_aquatic_ecosystems\" title=\"Q3: How does sunlight affect aquatic ecosystems?\">Q3: How does sunlight affect aquatic ecosystems?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q4_What_is_the_photic_zone_and_why_is_it_important\" title=\"Q4: What is the photic zone, and why is it important?\">Q4: What is the photic zone, and why is it important?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q5_What_is_the_aphotic_zone_and_what_distinguishes_it\" title=\"Q5: What is the aphotic zone, and what distinguishes it?\">Q5: What is the aphotic zone, and what distinguishes it?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q6_How_does_dissolved_oxygen_impact_aquatic_life\" title=\"Q6: How does dissolved oxygen impact aquatic life?\">Q6: How does dissolved oxygen impact aquatic life?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q7_Why_is_transparency_important_in_aquatic_ecosystems\" title=\"Q7: Why is transparency important in aquatic ecosystems?\">Q7: Why is transparency important in aquatic ecosystems?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q8_How_does_water_temperature_impact_aquatic_organisms\" title=\"Q8: How does water temperature impact aquatic organisms?\">Q8: How does water temperature impact aquatic organisms?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/factors-limiting-the-aquatic-productivity-upsc-environment-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FACTORS_LIMITING_THE_PRODUCTIVITY\"><\/span><strong>FACTORS LIMITING THE PRODUCTIVITY<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SUNLIGHT\"><\/span><strong>SUNLIGHT<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The penetration of sunlight through the water column diminishes rapidly, influencing the extent of plant dispersal in aquatic ecosystems.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The depth to which light can penetrate a lake determines the range of plant distribution.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Aquatic environments are classified into photic and aphotic zones based on light penetration and the distribution of plant life.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PHOTIC_ZONE\"><\/span><strong>PHOTIC ZONE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The photic zone represents the upper layer of aquatic ecosystems, allowing light to enter but restricting photosynthetic activity.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The depth of this zone is contingent upon water transparency.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Within the photic (or &#8220;euphotic&#8221;) zone, which is typically well-mixed and sunlit, photosynthesis and respiration occur simultaneously.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This zone extends from the lake&#8217;s surface to a depth where light levels reach only 1% of those at the surface.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"APHOTIC_ZONE\"><\/span><strong>APHOTIC ZONE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Situated beneath the littoral and photic zones, the aphotic zone comprises the lower layers of aquatic environments, where light penetration and plant development are limited.&nbsp;<\/li><li>In this zone, located down to the lake&#8217;s bottom, light levels are insufficient for photosynthesis.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Despite the absence of light, respiration occurs at all depths, making the aphotic zone an area where oxygen is consumed.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The dark and unlit region of the aphotic zone is specifically referred to as the profundal zone.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DISSOLVED_OXYGEN\"><\/span><strong>DISSOLVED OXYGEN<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Oxygen, crucial for aquatic life, dissolves in water, and its concentration undergoes constant variation due to factors influencing oxygen input and output.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The average concentration of dissolved oxygen in freshwater is approximately 0.0010 percent by weight (10 parts per million or 10 ppm), significantly lower than the oxygen concentration in an equivalent volume of air.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Dissolved oxygen enters aquatic ecosystems through air-water contact and the photosynthetic activity of aquatic plants.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The pace of these processes determines the amount of dissolved oxygen in the environment.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Dissolved oxygen leaves the water body through the air-water interface during organism respiration, which includes fish, decomposers, and zooplankton.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Temperature affects the retention of dissolved oxygen in water, with warmer water rendering oxygen less soluble.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The activity of decomposers is also heightened in warm water, hastening the depletion of oxygen in the water.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Many aquatic organisms face the risk of mortality if the dissolved oxygen content drops below 3-5 ppm.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TRANSPARENCY\"><\/span><strong>TRANSPARENCY<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Transparency, a vital factor influencing aquatic productivity, pertains to the clarity of water. Light penetration is significantly impacted by transparency.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Turbidity caused by suspended particulate matter such as clay, silt, phytoplankton, and other particles limits light penetration and, consequently, photosynthetic activity.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The degree of transparency directly influences the overall health and productivity of aquatic ecosystems.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TEMPERATURE\"><\/span><strong>TEMPERATURE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Water temperature experiences slower fluctuations than air temperature due to water&#8217;s higher specific heat.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This characteristic implies that more heat energy is required to raise or lower the temperature of water.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The stability of water temperatures makes aquatic creatures highly sensitive to even minor changes, as they possess a narrow temperature tolerance limit.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Consequently, minor alterations in water temperature pose a more significant threat to the existence of aquatic organisms than corresponding changes in air temperatures.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The classification of aquatic ecosystems, encompassing lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, estuaries, oceans, and seas, is intricately linked to the organisms and limiting factors discussed herein.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs-_Aquatic_Productivity_and_Limiting_Factors\"><\/span><strong>FAQs- Aquatic Productivity and Limiting Factors:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_aquatic_productivity_and_why_is_it_important\"><\/span>Q1: What is aquatic productivity, and why is it important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: Aquatic productivity refers to the rate at which energy is transferred to organic substances through the activities of photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs in aquatic environments. It is essential for sustaining life within aquatic ecosystems, forming the basis of the food chain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_What_are_the_primary_limiting_factors_in_aquatic_ecosystems\"><\/span>Q2: What are the primary limiting factors in aquatic ecosystems?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: The main limiting factors in aquatic ecosystems include temperature, sunlight, oxygen levels, nutrient availability, and salinity. These factors collectively influence the health and productivity of aquatic environments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_How_does_sunlight_affect_aquatic_ecosystems\"><\/span>Q3: How does sunlight affect aquatic ecosystems?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: Sunlight plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems by influencing plant dispersal. The penetration of sunlight through the water column determines the depth to which plants can distribute, leading to the classification of aquatic environments into photic and aphotic zones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_What_is_the_photic_zone_and_why_is_it_important\"><\/span>Q4: What is the photic zone, and why is it important?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: The photic zone represents the upper layer of aquatic ecosystems where light can penetrate, allowing photosynthetic activity. It is vital for the production of oxygen and serves as a habitat for various aquatic organisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_What_is_the_aphotic_zone_and_what_distinguishes_it\"><\/span>Q5: What is the aphotic zone, and what distinguishes it?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: The aphotic zone comprises the lower layers of aquatic environments where light penetration is limited. It is located below the littoral and photic zones, and while photosynthesis is restricted, respiration occurs at all depths, making it an area where oxygen is consumed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q6_How_does_dissolved_oxygen_impact_aquatic_life\"><\/span>Q6: How does dissolved oxygen impact aquatic life?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A6: Dissolved oxygen is crucial for aquatic life, entering ecosystems through air-water contact and plant photosynthesis. The concentration varies, and factors like temperature influence its solubility. Low dissolved oxygen levels, below 3-5 ppm, can lead to mortality in many aquatic organisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q7_Why_is_transparency_important_in_aquatic_ecosystems\"><\/span>Q7: Why is transparency important in aquatic ecosystems?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A7: Transparency, or water clarity, directly influences aquatic productivity. It is impacted by suspended particulate matter, affecting light penetration. Turbid water limits photosynthetic activity, affecting the overall health of aquatic ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q8_How_does_water_temperature_impact_aquatic_organisms\"><\/span>Q8: How does water temperature impact aquatic organisms?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A8: Water temperature stability is vital for aquatic organisms as they have a narrow temperature tolerance limit. Minor changes in water temperature pose a greater threat to their existence than corresponding changes in air temperatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aquatic productivity pertains to the speed at which energy is transferred to organic substances through the activities of photosynthetic and chemosynthetic autotrophs.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":30653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[276],"tags":[2307,177,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-30648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology-environment-general-studies","tag-aquatic-productivity","tag-general-studies-3","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30648","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30648"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30648\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30654,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30648\/revisions\/30654"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30648"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30648"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30648"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}