{"id":30741,"date":"2024-02-29T06:33:15","date_gmt":"2024-02-29T06:33:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=30741"},"modified":"2024-02-29T06:33:17","modified_gmt":"2024-02-29T06:33:17","slug":"importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Importance of Wetland Ecosystems &#8211; UPSC Environment Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wetland ecosystems represent transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, forming an ecotone.&nbsp;<\/li><li>As per the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, wetlands are characterized as areas encompassing marshes, fens, and peatlands.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These areas may be either temporary or permanent, arising through natural or artificial processes.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Wetlands include environments with fresh, brackish, or saltwater, where the depth of marine water at low tide does not surpass six meters in height.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/Th3_RiklBlS-yGj8RI-OMOPcdsNQ4Prmg8Yu0K8y9ZdpdSUkqC_Ea7eubxevXXkxVuJJqOBMkGL3oY71wrT81TAjv947QgQLsExNpmIl9bsaN1Y5vtloJkOkU0RRMIMauMD9WVEDWiBj0HWHytCqTH4\" alt=\"Wetland\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption>Wetland<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e260cd1be1f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e260cd1be1f\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#FUNCTIONS_OF_WETLANDS\" title=\"FUNCTIONS OF WETLANDS\">FUNCTIONS OF WETLANDS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#1_Source_of_Water\" title=\"1. Source of Water:\">1. Source of Water:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#2_Flood_and_Storm_Buffer_Zone\" title=\"2. Flood and Storm Buffer Zone:\">2. Flood and Storm Buffer Zone:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#3_Wetland_Products\" title=\"3. Wetland Products:\">3. Wetland Products:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#4_Water_Purifier\" title=\"4. Water Purifier:\">4. Water Purifier:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#5_Wetland_for_Research_and_Education\" title=\"5. Wetland for Research and Education:\">5. Wetland for Research and Education:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#6_Recreation_Property_of_Wetlands\" title=\"6. Recreation Property of Wetlands:\">6. Recreation Property of Wetlands:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#7_Combat_Climate_Change\" title=\"7. Combat Climate Change:\">7. Combat Climate Change:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#8_Habitats_of_Migratory_Birds\" title=\"8. Habitats of Migratory Birds:\">8. Habitats of Migratory Birds:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#9_Biodiversity_Hotspots\" title=\"9. Biodiversity Hotspots:\">9. Biodiversity Hotspots:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#SIGNIFICANCE_OF_WETLANDS\" title=\"SIGNIFICANCE OF WETLANDS\">SIGNIFICANCE OF WETLANDS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#FAQs_%E2%80%93_Wetland_Ecosystems\" title=\"FAQs &#8211; Wetland Ecosystems\">FAQs &#8211; Wetland Ecosystems<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#1-What_defines_wetland_ecosystems_according_to_the_Ramsar_Convention\" title=\"1-What defines wetland ecosystems according to the Ramsar Convention?\">1-What defines wetland ecosystems according to the Ramsar Convention?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#2-What_functions_do_wetlands_perform_in_ecosystems\" title=\"2-What functions do wetlands perform in ecosystems?\">2-What functions do wetlands perform in ecosystems?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#3-How_do_wetlands_serve_as_a_source_of_water\" title=\"3-How do wetlands serve as a source of water?\">3-How do wetlands serve as a source of water?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#4-In_what_ways_do_wetlands_act_as_flood_and_storm_buffer_zones\" title=\"4-In what ways do wetlands act as flood and storm buffer zones?\">4-In what ways do wetlands act as flood and storm buffer zones?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#5-What_products_and_benefits_do_wetlands_provide\" title=\"5-What products and benefits do wetlands provide?\">5-What products and benefits do wetlands provide?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/importance-of-wetland-ecosystems-upsc-environment-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FUNCTIONS_OF_WETLANDS\"><\/span><strong>FUNCTIONS OF WETLANDS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands play a crucial role in sustaining ecosystems and providing a myriad of values and benefits. Here&#8217;s an in-depth look at the various functions they perform and the advantages they offer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Source_of_Water\"><\/span><strong>1. Source of Water:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands are a primary source of fresh water, with aquifer-stored groundwater constituting over 95 percent of all available freshwater. They aid in rainwater absorption, groundwater recharge, and serve domestic, irrigation, and drinking water needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Flood_and_Storm_Buffer_Zone\"><\/span><strong>2. Flood and Storm Buffer Zone:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Acting as natural buffers, wetlands alleviate droughts and mitigate floods. They function as sponges, absorbing rainfall and snowmelt, allowing water to gently percolate into the soil. Coastal wetlands, including mangroves and coral reefs, act as physical barriers against storm surges and tidal waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Wetland_Products\"><\/span><strong>3. Wetland Products:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Coastal wetlands contribute over two-thirds of the global fish supply, a crucial source of animal protein. Well-managed wetlands supply a diverse range of plants, animals, and minerals. They play a vital role in rice production, and many, like the Sundarbans, produce honey and other valuable products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Water_Purifier\"><\/span><strong>4. Water Purifier:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands aid in water purification by trapping contaminants in sediments and plants. They significantly lower pollutant levels, such as phosphorus and nitrogen from agricultural runoff. Certain wetland plants can eliminate harmful compounds from pesticides, industrial discharge, and mining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Wetland_for_Research_and_Education\"><\/span><strong>5. Wetland for Research and Education:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands serve as excellent sites for learning about aquatic ecosystems and conducting research. Their habitat diversity, ecosystem complexity, and cultural ties make them ideal for multi-disciplinary studies. Examples include the Bhitarkanika Mangroves in Odisha and Bhoj Wetlands in Madhya Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Recreation_Property_of_Wetlands\"><\/span><strong>6. Recreation Property of Wetlands:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands offer relaxation and tourism opportunities due to their natural beauty and diverse plant and animal life. Locations like Mandawali village in NCT Delhi serve as recreational sites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Combat_Climate_Change\"><\/span><strong>7. Combat Climate Change:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Wetlands, including mangroves and salt marshes, operate as carbon sinks, preventing greenhouse gas emissions. They play a crucial role in moderating and adapting to climate change. Wetland conservation is vital for protecting aquatic habitats threatened by climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Habitats_of_Migratory_Birds\"><\/span><strong>8. Habitats of Migratory Birds:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Migrating birds use wetlands as feeding, resting, and nesting stopovers. Indian wetlands, like Bakhira Wildlife Sanctuary and Ashtamudi Wetlands, are essential components of the Central Asian and East Australasian Flyways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_Biodiversity_Hotspots\"><\/span><strong>9. Biodiversity Hotspots:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Several wetlands serve as habitats for a variety of endemic and near-endangered species. Examples include Kaziranga National Park for the Great Indian Rhinoceros and Keibul Lamjao for the Brow-antlered Deer. Chilika Lake is home to endangered Irrawaddy Dolphins, and Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"SIGNIFICANCE_OF_WETLANDS\"><\/span><strong>SIGNIFICANCE OF WETLANDS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Wetlands play a crucial role in the hydrological cycle, boasting abundant biodiversity that enhances various ecosystem services.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These areas contribute valuable services, including waste assimilation, flood mitigation, erosion control, groundwater recharge, microclimate regulation, and water purification.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, wetlands hold cultural significance by fostering meaningful recreation and supporting socio-cultural activities.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_%E2%80%93_Wetland_Ecosystems\"><\/span><strong>FAQs &#8211; Wetland Ecosystems<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1-What_defines_wetland_ecosystems_according_to_the_Ramsar_Convention\"><\/span>1-What defines wetland ecosystems according to the Ramsar Convention?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Wetland ecosystems are transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, encompassing areas such as marshes, fens, and peatlands. They can be temporary or permanent, formed naturally or artificially, and include environments with fresh, brackish, or saltwater. The depth of marine water at low tide within wetlands does not exceed six meters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2-What_functions_do_wetlands_perform_in_ecosystems\"><\/span>2-What functions do wetlands perform in ecosystems?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Wetlands play a crucial role in sustaining ecosystems, offering values and benefits such as being a primary source of fresh water, flood mitigation, habitat for diverse species, and supporting various cultural and recreational activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3-How_do_wetlands_serve_as_a_source_of_water\"><\/span>3-How do wetlands serve as a source of water?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Wetlands contribute significantly to our primary source of fresh water, with groundwater stored in aquifers constituting over 95 percent of available freshwater. They aid in rainwater absorption, groundwater recharge, and fulfill various water needs, including domestic, irrigation, and drinking water.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4-In_what_ways_do_wetlands_act_as_flood_and_storm_buffer_zones\"><\/span>4-In what ways do wetlands act as flood and storm buffer zones?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Wetlands function as natural buffers, alleviating droughts and mitigating floods. They absorb rainfall and snowmelt, allowing water to percolate gently into the soil. Coastal wetlands, like mangroves and coral reefs, act as physical barriers against storm surges and tidal waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-What_products_and_benefits_do_wetlands_provide\"><\/span>5-What products and benefits do wetlands provide?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Coastal wetlands contribute significantly to the global fish supply, offering over two-thirds of fish, a crucial source of animal protein. Well-managed wetlands supply diverse resources, including plants, animals, and minerals, and play a vital role in rice production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wetland ecosystems represent transitional zones between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, forming an ecotone. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":30743,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[276],"tags":[177,232,213,140,2320],"class_list":["post-30741","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology-environment-general-studies","tag-general-studies-3","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy","tag-wetland-ecosystems"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30741","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30741"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30741\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30744,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30741\/revisions\/30744"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30743"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30741"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30741"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30741"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}