{"id":31792,"date":"2024-03-04T07:27:20","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T07:27:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=31792"},"modified":"2024-03-04T07:27:23","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T07:27:23","slug":"international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"International Whaling Commission (IWC) &#8211; UPSC Environment Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Whaling refers to the act of hunting and killing whales for various purposes, including obtaining their meat and oil.\u00a0<\/li><li>Whales belong to the cetacean group of marine mammals, which also encompasses dolphins and porpoises, totaling around 90 different species.<\/li><li>Historically, whales, with their vast presence in the oceans, were extensively targeted for whaling by maritime cultures globally.\u00a0<\/li><li>This practice, however, significantly diminished in scale starting from the mid-20th century due to a sharp decline in whale populations.<\/li><li>Since then, both official regulatory bodies and non-governmental organizations have taken an active role in closely monitoring and regulating whaling activities to ensure the conservation and protection of whale species.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ed8c78c71f6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69ed8c78c71f6\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#INTERNATIONAL_WHALING_COMMISSION\" title=\"INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION\">INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#FUNCTIONS\" title=\"FUNCTIONS\">FUNCTIONS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#MEMBERS\" title=\"MEMBERS\">MEMBERS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#STRUCTURE\" title=\"STRUCTURE\">STRUCTURE<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Scientific_Committee\" title=\"Scientific Committee:\">Scientific Committee:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Conservation_Committee\" title=\"Conservation Committee:\">Conservation Committee:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Finance_and_Administration_Committee\" title=\"Finance and Administration Committee:\">Finance and Administration Committee:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Aboriginal_Subsistence_Whaling_Sub-committee\" title=\"Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Sub-committee:\">Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Sub-committee:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Working_Group_on_Whale_Killing_Methods_and_Welfare_Issues\" title=\"Working Group on Whale Killing Methods and Welfare Issues:\">Working Group on Whale Killing Methods and Welfare Issues:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Infractions_Sub-committee\" title=\"Infractions Sub-committee:\">Infractions Sub-committee:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#CONSERVATION_MANAGEMENT_PLAN\" title=\"CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN\">CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Importance_of_CMPs\" title=\"Importance of CMPs:\">Importance of CMPs:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Adaptability_and_Management_Tools\" title=\"Adaptability and Management Tools:\">Adaptability and Management Tools:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Standing_Working_Group_on_CMPs\" title=\"Standing Working Group on CMPs:\">Standing Working Group on CMPs:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Work_Plan_Revision\" title=\"Work Plan Revision:\">Work Plan Revision:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#CMP_Stages\" title=\"CMP Stages:\">CMP Stages:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Existing_CMPs\" title=\"Existing CMPs:\">Existing CMPs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#REGULATION_OF_WHALING\" title=\"REGULATION OF WHALING\">REGULATION OF WHALING<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Commercial_Whaling\" title=\"Commercial Whaling:\">Commercial Whaling:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Scientific_Research_Whaling\" title=\"Scientific Research Whaling:\">Scientific Research Whaling:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Subsistence_Whaling\" title=\"Subsistence Whaling:\">Subsistence Whaling:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#FAQs_%E2%80%93_INTERNATIONAL_WHALING_COMMISSION\" title=\"FAQs &#8211; INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION\">FAQs &#8211; INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#1_What_is_whaling_and_why_has_it_been_historically_practiced\" title=\"1. What is whaling, and why has it been historically practiced?\">1. What is whaling, and why has it been historically practiced?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#2_How_has_the_practice_of_whaling_evolved_over_time\" title=\"2. How has the practice of whaling evolved over time?\">2. How has the practice of whaling evolved over time?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#3_When_and_why_was_the_International_Whaling_Commission_IWC_established\" title=\"3. When and why was the International Whaling Commission (IWC) established?\">3. When and why was the International Whaling Commission (IWC) established?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#4_How_many_countries_are_members_of_the_International_Whaling_Commission\" title=\"4. How many countries are members of the International Whaling Commission?\">4. How many countries are members of the International Whaling Commission?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#5_What_are_the_primary_functions_of_the_IWC\" title=\"5. What are the primary functions of the IWC?\">5. What are the primary functions of the IWC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#6_How_does_the_IWC_regulate_different_types_of_whaling\" title=\"6. How does the IWC regulate different types of whaling?\">6. How does the IWC regulate different types of whaling?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#7_What_committees_operate_within_the_IWC\" title=\"7. What committees operate within the IWC?\">7. What committees operate within the IWC?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/international-whaling-commission-iwc-upsc-environment-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"INTERNATIONAL_WHALING_COMMISSION\"><\/span><strong>INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was established in 1946 with the primary mandate of overseeing global whale management and conservation efforts.\u00a0<\/li><li>As an intergovernmental organization, the IWC boasts a membership of 88 governments from around the world.\u00a0<\/li><li>The legal framework guiding its operations is provided by the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling.<\/li><li>While the fundamental mission of the IWC remains consistent, various new conservation concerns have emerged over time.\u00a0<\/li><li>The IWC&#8217;s work program has expanded to encompass issues such as bycatch and entanglement, ship strikes, ocean noise, pollution and debris, and sustainable whale watching.<\/li><li>Within the Convention, whaling is categorized into three types: commercial, aboriginal subsistence, and special permit (scientific) whaling.\u00a0<\/li><li>The Commission plays a crucial role in regulating Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling, which is conducted by indigenous communities in remote areas globally.\u00a0<\/li><li>This regulation takes into consideration both nutritional and cultural needs and is supported by a thorough scientific process.<\/li><li>Additionally, there exists a distinct category of special permit whaling for scientific research purposes as outlined in the Convention.\u00a0<\/li><li>However, the governance of special permit whaling falls under the purview of national governments rather than the Commission, although currently, no governments engage in this type of whaling.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FUNCTIONS\"><\/span><strong>FUNCTIONS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The International Whaling Commission (IWC) carries out several important functions, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Designation of Whale Sanctuaries:<\/strong> The IWC identifies and designates specific locations as whale sanctuaries. These areas are afforded special protection to ensure the conservation and well-being of whale populations.<\/li><li><strong>Imposition of Catch Restrictions<\/strong>: The IWC imposes restrictions on the quantity and size of whales that may be caught. These regulations are implemented to manage and conserve whale populations and prevent over-exploitation.<\/li><li><strong>Establishment of Whaling Seasons and Territories:<\/strong> The Commission plays a role in establishing open and closed whaling seasons, as well as defining territories where whaling activities are permitted or restricted. This helps in managing the sustainable utilization of whale resources.<\/li><li><strong>Protection of Female Whales and Calves:<\/strong> The IWC prohibits the capture of female whales that are either carrying calves or nursing calves. This protective measure is aimed at ensuring the reproductive success and survival of whale populations.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MEMBERS\"><\/span><strong>MEMBERS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Membership in the International Whaling Commission (IWC) is open to any country that formally ratifies the 1946 Convention.\u00a0<\/li><li>Each Contracting Government, upon ratification, becomes a member country and is represented by a Commissioner.\u00a0<\/li><li>Commissioners are typically assisted by experts and advisers to contribute specialized knowledge to the commission&#8217;s deliberations.<\/li><li>Since 2001, there has been a significant increase in the number of IWC members, with approximately six new states, on average, joining the organization annually from 2002 to 2008.\u00a0<\/li><li>As of now, 88 governments from around the world are members of the IWC.<\/li><li>Additionally, non-parties and intergovernmental organizations are allowed to attend meetings and can be represented by observers according to the IWC&#8217;s rules of procedure. This inclusion promotes broader participation and diverse perspectives in the commission&#8217;s discussions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Moreover, IWC sessions are open to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that have offices in more than three nations. This openness encourages collaboration with NGOs and allows them to contribute to the discussions and decisions related to whaling management and conservation efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"STRUCTURE\"><\/span><strong>STRUCTURE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The work of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) is organized into six committees, and each committee comprises various sub-groups.\u00a0<\/li><li>Some of these sub-groups are established as long-term standing committees, while others are created to address specific tasks or issues.<\/li><li>The groups are chaired by Commissioners, other members of national delegations, or subject matter experts within the IWC community.\u00a0<\/li><li>This structure allows for the effective management and coordination of the commission&#8217;s diverse functions and responsibilities, ensuring that different aspects of whaling management and conservation are addressed comprehensively and efficiently.<\/li><li>The International Whaling Commission (IWC) operates through various committees, each addressing specific aspects of whaling management and conservation.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are some key committees and their functions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scientific_Committee\"><\/span><strong>Scientific Committee:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Scientific Committee is a vital component of the Convention, focusing on scientific advice.<\/li><li>Comprising approximately 200 leading cetacean scientists, including national delegates and invited experts.<\/li><li>Conducts annual meetings and forms intersessional workshops to address specific issues.<\/li><li>Develops algorithms for catch limits to ensure sustainable and prudent limits for both commercial and subsistence whaling.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conservation_Committee\"><\/span><strong>Conservation Committee:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Collaborates closely with the Scientific Committee on environmental and conservation issues.<\/li><li>Works on initiatives to reduce ship strikes, strategic development of the whale-watching industry, and Conservation Management Plans.<\/li><li>Reviews whale sanctuary proposals and national reports on cetacean conservation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Finance_and_Administration_Committee\"><\/span><strong>Finance and Administration Committee:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Makes recommendations to the Commission on expenditure, budgets, contribution scales, financial regulations, and staffing.<\/li><li>Reviews and implements measures to increase transparency, save money, and improve the Commission&#8217;s operational efficiency.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Aboriginal_Subsistence_Whaling_Sub-committee\"><\/span><strong>Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Sub-committee:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Considers information from the Scientific Committee and aboriginal subsistence whaling communities.<\/li><li>Advises the Commission on sustainability and the reliance of aboriginal communities on specific whale stocks.<\/li><li>Provides the foundation for Commission discussions about appropriate management measures.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Working_Group_on_Whale_Killing_Methods_and_Welfare_Issues\"><\/span><strong>Working Group on Whale Killing Methods and Welfare Issues:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Formally established in 2000 to advise the Commission on the humaneness of whale killing methods.<\/li><li>Expanded role to include welfare issues such as stranded whale euthanasia and entanglement in debris and fishing gear.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Infractions_Sub-committee\"><\/span><strong>Infractions Sub-committee:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Considers matters related to monitoring member governments&#8217; compliance with the Schedule to the 1946 Convention.<\/li><li>Addresses penalties for infractions and reviews documents pertaining to compliance.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CONSERVATION_MANAGEMENT_PLAN\"><\/span><strong>CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The International Whaling Commission (IWC) places significant emphasis on Conservation Management Plans (CMPs) as a crucial conservation initiative. Here are key aspects of CMPs and their management:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Importance_of_CMPs\"><\/span><strong>Importance of CMPs:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CMPs serve as a vital conservation framework for countries within the range of vulnerable cetacean populations (range states).<\/li><li>Facilitate collaborative efforts among range states and other stakeholders to protect and rebuild vulnerable cetacean populations.<\/li><li>Address threats such as fishing bycatch, entanglement, ship strikes, habitat loss, pollution, climate change, and acoustic disturbance.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adaptability_and_Management_Tools\"><\/span><strong>Adaptability and Management Tools:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CMPs are adaptable management tools designed to address diverse threats faced by cetaceans.<\/li><li>Draw on the best available science and global management expertise.<\/li><li>Tailored to meet the specific needs of individual cetacean populations.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Standing_Working_Group_on_CMPs\"><\/span><strong>Standing Working Group on CMPs:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Standing Working Group on CMPs manages the CMP program in alignment with outlined principles and the CMP work plan.<\/li><li>The work plan specifies priorities for existing and future CMPs, along with guidelines for development and implementation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Work_Plan_Revision\"><\/span><strong>Work Plan Revision:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The CMP work plan undergoes periodic reviews, ensuring it aligns with evolving priorities and conservation needs.<\/li><li>A revised work plan was approved by the Commission at IWC67 in September 2018.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CMP_Stages\"><\/span><strong>CMP Stages:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CMPs progress through several interconnected stages: nomination, development, implementation, monitoring, and review.<\/li><li>Each stage is crucial in ensuring the effectiveness and adaptability of the CMP.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existing_CMPs\"><\/span><strong>Existing CMPs:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Four vulnerable cetacean populations currently have CMPs in place:<\/li><li>Western North Pacific Gray Whale<\/li><li>Western South Atlantic Southern Right Whale<\/li><li>Eastern South Pacific Southern Right Whale<\/li><li>Franciscana dolphin (the first CMP for a small cetacean species)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"REGULATION_OF_WHALING\"><\/span><strong>REGULATION OF WHALING<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The International Whaling Commission (IWC) exercises regulatory control over three types of whaling: commercial, scientific research, and aboriginal subsistence whaling. Here are details about each form:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Commercial_Whaling\"><\/span><strong>Commercial Whaling:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A global moratorium on commercial whaling was implemented in 1986 due to the overexploitation of whale stocks.<\/li><li>Protected zones in the Southern and Indian Oceans have been established by the Commission, where commercial whaling is prohibited.<\/li><li>Some nations, such as Norway and Iceland, continue commercial whaling activities despite the ban. Norway opposes the moratorium, and Iceland has a reservation allowing its engagement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scientific_Research_Whaling\"><\/span><strong>Scientific Research Whaling:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Governments that are signatories to the contract have the authority to issue special licenses for the purpose of taking whales for scientific research under Article VIII of the Convention.<\/li><li>In 2019, Japan withdrew from the Convention, ending its scientific research involving the taking of whales in the Southern and North Pacific Oceans under a special license.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Subsistence_Whaling\"><\/span><strong>Subsistence Whaling:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Commission oversees indigenous subsistence whaling, where native communities engage in whaling to sustain themselves.<\/li><li>Currently, the Commission permits this type of whaling on specific whale stocks by indigenous groups in Denmark (Greenland), the Russian Federation, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States.<\/li><li>The United States collaborates with domestic legislative requirements to ensure that catch limits imposed by the Commission align with the needs of indigenous people in Alaska and Washington State.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_%E2%80%93_INTERNATIONAL_WHALING_COMMISSION\"><\/span><strong>FAQs &#8211; INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_whaling_and_why_has_it_been_historically_practiced\"><\/span>1. What is whaling, and why has it been historically practiced?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Whaling involves hunting and killing whales for various purposes, including obtaining their meat and oil. Historically, whales were extensively targeted by maritime cultures globally due to their vast presence in the oceans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_has_the_practice_of_whaling_evolved_over_time\"><\/span>2. How has the practice of whaling evolved over time?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Whaling significantly diminished in scale from the mid-20th century onward due to a sharp decline in whale populations. Since then, both official regulatory bodies and non-governmental organizations actively monitor and regulate whaling to ensure conservation and protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_When_and_why_was_the_International_Whaling_Commission_IWC_established\"><\/span>3. When and why was the International Whaling Commission (IWC) established?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The IWC was established in 1946 with the primary mandate of overseeing global whale management and conservation efforts. Its creation aimed to address the declining whale populations and regulate whaling practices worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_How_many_countries_are_members_of_the_International_Whaling_Commission\"><\/span>4. How many countries are members of the International Whaling Commission?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: As of now, there are 88 member countries in the IWC. Membership is open to any country that formally ratifies the 1946 Convention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_What_are_the_primary_functions_of_the_IWC\"><\/span>5. What are the primary functions of the IWC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The IWC&#8217;s functions include designating whale sanctuaries, imposing catch restrictions, establishing whaling seasons and territories, and protecting female whales and calves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_How_does_the_IWC_regulate_different_types_of_whaling\"><\/span>6. How does the IWC regulate different types of whaling?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The IWC regulates commercial, scientific research, and aboriginal subsistence whaling. It enforces a global moratorium on commercial whaling, oversees scientific research whaling, and permits indigenous subsistence whaling with specific catch limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_What_committees_operate_within_the_IWC\"><\/span>7. What committees operate within the IWC?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: The IWC operates through six committees, including the Scientific Committee, Conservation Committee, Finance and Administration Committee, Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling Sub-committee, Working Group on Whale Killing Methods and Welfare Issues, and Infractions Sub-committee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@ShabbirsEduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Whaling refers to the act of hunting and killing whales for various purposes, including obtaining their meat and oil.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":31797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[276],"tags":[177,232,213,140,2406],"class_list":["post-31792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology-environment-general-studies","tag-general-studies-3","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy","tag-whaling"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31792","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31792"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31792\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":31799,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31792\/revisions\/31799"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31797"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31792"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31792"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31792"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}