{"id":31927,"date":"2024-03-04T10:04:34","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T10:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=31927"},"modified":"2024-03-04T10:04:37","modified_gmt":"2024-03-04T10:04:37","slug":"pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollution &#8211; Air Pollution (Major Causes, Classification of Air Pollutants) &#8211; UPSC Environment Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Air pollution can be described as the existence of solid, liquid, or gaseous substances, including noise and radioactive radiation, in the atmosphere at concentrations that may directly and\/or indirectly pose harm to humans, other living organisms, property, or disrupt normal environmental processes.<\/li><li>The escalating use of fossil fuels in various sectors such as power plants, industries, transportation, mining, and construction activities has resulted in air pollution.\u00a0<\/li><li>Fossil fuels inherently contain small quantities of nitrogen and sulfur. When fossil fuels like coal (utilized in thermal power plants) and petroleum are burned, they release various oxides of nitrogen and sulfur into the atmosphere.\u00a0<\/li><li>These gases undergo reactions with atmospheric water vapor, forming sulfuric acid and nitric acid. These acidic substances descend with rain, causing the phenomenon known as acid rain.<\/li><li>Acid rain, in turn, leads to the corrosion of structures like the Taj Mahal, a condition referred to as Marble cancer.<\/li><li>Additionally, pollutants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), commonly found in refrigerators, air conditioners, and aerosol sprays as pressurizing agents, contribute to the deterioration of the ozone layer.<\/li><li>The combustion of fossil fuels also contributes to an increase in suspended particles in the air, which can consist of unburnt carbon particles or hydrocarbons.\u00a0<\/li><li>Elevated levels of these pollutants result in reduced visibility, especially during cold weather when water condenses out of the air. This visible manifestation of air pollution is termed smog.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a01dcfe813a6\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a01dcfe813a6\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#CAUSE_OF_AIR_POLLUTION\" title=\"CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION\">CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#FOSSIL_FUELS\" title=\"FOSSIL FUELS\">FOSSIL FUELS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#AGRICULTURAL_ACTIVITIES\" title=\"AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES\">AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Waste_on_Landfills\" title=\"Waste on Landfills\">Waste on Landfills<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Industrial_Dust_and_Waste\" title=\"Industrial Dust and Waste\">Industrial Dust and Waste<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Mining_Operations\" title=\"Mining Operations\">Mining Operations<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Indoor_Pollution\" title=\"Indoor Pollution\">Indoor Pollution<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Natural_Factors\" title=\"Natural Factors\">Natural Factors<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#CLASSIFICATION_OF_AIR_POLLUTANTS\" title=\"CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS\">CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Based_on_Persistence\" title=\"Based on Persistence:\">Based on Persistence:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Primary_Pollutants\" title=\"Primary Pollutants:\">Primary Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Secondary_Pollutants\" title=\"Secondary Pollutants:\">Secondary Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Based_on_Existence_in_Nature\" title=\"Based on Existence in Nature:\">Based on Existence in Nature:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-5' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Quantitative_Pollutants\" title=\"Quantitative Pollutants:\">Quantitative Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-5'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Qualitative_Pollutants\" title=\"Qualitative Pollutants:\">Qualitative Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#FAQs_%E2%80%93_Air_Pollution_Causes_and_Classification_of_Air_Pollutants\" title=\"FAQs &#8211; Air Pollution: Causes and Classification of Air Pollutants\">FAQs &#8211; Air Pollution: Causes and Classification of Air Pollutants<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q1_What_is_air_pollution_and_how_is_it_defined\" title=\"Q1: What is air pollution, and how is it defined?\">Q1: What is air pollution, and how is it defined?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q2_What_are_the_main_contributors_to_air_pollution\" title=\"Q2: What are the main contributors to air pollution?\">Q2: What are the main contributors to air pollution?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q3_How_do_fossil_fuels_contribute_to_air_pollution\" title=\"Q3: How do fossil fuels contribute to air pollution?\">Q3: How do fossil fuels contribute to air pollution?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q4_What_is_the_impact_of_acid_rain_on_structures_like_the_Taj_Mahal\" title=\"Q4: What is the impact of acid rain on structures like the Taj Mahal?\">Q4: What is the impact of acid rain on structures like the Taj Mahal?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Q5_How_do_vehicles_contribute_to_air_pollution\" title=\"Q5: How do vehicles contribute to air pollution?\">Q5: How do vehicles contribute to air pollution?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollution-air-pollution-major-causes-classification-of-air-pollutants-upsc-environment-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CAUSE_OF_AIR_POLLUTION\"><\/span><strong>CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FOSSIL_FUELS\"><\/span><strong>FOSSIL FUELS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A major contributor to air pollution is sulfur dioxide, emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels like coal and petroleum in power plants and various industrial processes.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Vehicles, powered by gasoline and diesel engines, burn petroleum, releasing pollutants such as PM, nitric oxide, NO2 (collectively known as NOx), carbon monoxide, organic compounds, and lead.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Despite being essential for daily transportation needs, the overuse of these vehicles poses a threat to the environment by introducing harmful gases into the atmosphere.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"AGRICULTURAL_ACTIVITIES\"><\/span><strong>AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Agricultural practices contribute to air pollution through the release of ammonia, a hazardous chemical byproduct.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The use of insecticides, pesticides, and fertilizers in farming introduces harmful chemicals into the air and water.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Stubble burning, a common agricultural practice to clear fields for new crops, is another source of air pollution, generating hazardous pollutants during the burning process.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Waste_on_Landfills\"><\/span><strong>Waste on Landfills<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Landfills, where waste is buried or deposited, produce methane\u2014a potent greenhouse gas that is both highly combustible and dangerous.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, improper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste) leads to chemical leakage and the burning of wires, further contributing to air pollution.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Industrial_Dust_and_Waste\"><\/span><strong>Industrial Dust and Waste<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Industrial activities release pollutants such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic compounds, and various chemicals into the air, adversely affecting air quality.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Petroleum refineries also emit hydrocarbons and other pollutants, impacting both air and soil quality.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mining_Operations\"><\/span><strong>Mining Operations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The extraction of minerals through mining operations involves the release of dust and chemicals into the air, leading to significant air pollution.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This not only affects air quality but also contributes to health issues among workers and residents in the vicinity.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indoor_Pollution\"><\/span><strong>Indoor Pollution<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Household cleaning products and painting supplies release hazardous chemicals into the air, contributing to indoor pollution.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This poses health risks to inhabitants and underscores the importance of proper ventilation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Natural_Factors\"><\/span><strong>Natural Factors<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Certain natural phenomena, such as volcanoes, forest fires, and dust storms, can contribute to air pollution.&nbsp;<\/li><li>While these occurrences are nature-driven, they release pollutants into the air, impacting environmental quality.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/pbFlYkyWMCfyaMCeQ7sFiahxHfvArXABC3w-bs7dJVQLt_d1vhTWPdiAf5WALPZDjgfDM2lQ8Mn_SHbOqmZyQRG9O0HPobjP4wpNBSTuO6Rks6xX0mEqE0HVdeXa0L-uLSkU4_NhJ9piI6c5uD4cKx0\" alt=\"CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>CAUSE OF AIR POLLUTION<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CLASSIFICATION_OF_AIR_POLLUTANTS\"><\/span><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Based_on_Persistence\"><\/span>Based on Persistence:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Primary_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Primary Pollutants:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: These pollutants persist in the environment in the same form as when initially introduced.<\/li><li>Examples: DDT, plastic, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Secondary_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Secondary Pollutants:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Formed through interactions among primary pollutants.<\/li><li>Example: Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) results from the interaction of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Based_on_Existence_in_Nature\"><\/span>Based on Existence in Nature:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quantitative_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Quantitative Pollutants:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Naturally occurring substances become pollutants when their concentrations exceed a certain threshold.<\/li><li>Examples: Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Qualitative_Pollutants\"><\/span>Qualitative Pollutants:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Human-made substances not naturally found in the environment.<\/li><li>Examples: Fungicides, herbicides, DDT, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs_%E2%80%93_Air_Pollution_Causes_and_Classification_of_Air_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>FAQs &#8211; Air Pollution: Causes and Classification of Air Pollutants<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_What_is_air_pollution_and_how_is_it_defined\"><\/span>Q1: What is air pollution, and how is it defined?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: Air pollution is the presence of solid, liquid, or gaseous substances, along with noise and radioactive radiation, in the atmosphere at concentrations that can directly or indirectly harm humans, other living organisms, property, or disrupt normal environmental processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_What_are_the_main_contributors_to_air_pollution\"><\/span>Q2: What are the main contributors to air pollution?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: The primary contributors to air pollution include the escalating use of fossil fuels in power plants, industries, transportation, mining, and construction activities. This leads to the release of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, and various particulate matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_How_do_fossil_fuels_contribute_to_air_pollution\"><\/span>Q3: How do fossil fuels contribute to air pollution?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, when burned in power plants and industries, release oxides of nitrogen and sulfur into the atmosphere. These gases undergo reactions with water vapor, resulting in the formation of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, causing acid rain and contributing to air pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_What_is_the_impact_of_acid_rain_on_structures_like_the_Taj_Mahal\"><\/span>Q4: What is the impact of acid rain on structures like the Taj Mahal?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: Acid rain, formed by the descent of sulfuric acid and nitric acid with rain, leads to the corrosion of structures like the Taj Mahal. This phenomenon is referred to as Marble cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_How_do_vehicles_contribute_to_air_pollution\"><\/span>Q5: How do vehicles contribute to air pollution?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: Vehicles powered by gasoline and diesel engines release pollutants such as PM, nitric oxide, NO2 (NOx), carbon monoxide, organic compounds, and lead during the combustion of petroleum. While essential for transportation, overuse of these vehicles introduces harmful gases into the atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. 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