{"id":32308,"date":"2024-03-05T09:08:16","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T09:08:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=32308"},"modified":"2024-03-05T09:08:19","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T09:08:19","slug":"pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollutant From HPIs &#8211; UPSC Environment Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A pollutant refers to a substance or form of energy that is introduced into the environment, leading to unintended consequences or diminishing the utility of a particular resource.<\/li><li>The extent of a pollutant&#8217;s adverse impact on human health is determined by its characteristics and concentration.<\/li><li>Primary pollutants are impurities directly emitted from their original source, examples of which include CO2, SO2, and NO.<\/li><li>Secondary pollutants are created through the interaction of pollutants like HC, NO, and O3 in the environment (under conditions of moisture and sunlight), resulting in the formation of new substances such as PAN (Peroxyacetyl Nitrate), petrochemical smog, and formaldehyde.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a5e513c48d92\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a5e513c48d92\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#CLASSIFICATION_OF_POLLUTANTS\" >CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#POLLUTANTS-_BASED_ON_SOURCE_OF_POLLUTION\" >POLLUTANTS- BASED ON SOURCE OF POLLUTION<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Primary_Pollutants\" >Primary Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Secondary_Pollutants\" >Secondary Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#POLLUTANTS_%E2%80%93_BASED_ON_DEGREE_OF_DEGRADABILITY\" >POLLUTANTS &#8211; BASED ON DEGREE OF DEGRADABILITY<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Non-Degradable_Pollutants\" >Non-Degradable Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#DegradableBiodegradable_Pollutants\" >Degradable\/Biodegradable Pollutants:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#POLLUTANTS-_CAUSE\" >POLLUTANTS- CAUSE<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Commercial_or_Industrial_Waste\" >Commercial or Industrial Waste:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Rapid_Urbanization\" >Rapid Urbanization:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Fires_in_the_Woods_Wildfires\" >Fires in the Woods (Wildfires):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Population_Growth\" >Population Growth:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Hazardous_Waste\" >Hazardous Waste:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Deforestation_and_Improper_Agricultural_Practices\" >Deforestation and Improper Agricultural Practices:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs_%E2%80%93_Pollutants\" >Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) &#8211; Pollutants&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#1_What_is_a_pollutant\" >1. What is a pollutant?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#2_How_does_a_pollutants_characteristics_and_concentration_impact_human_health\" >2. How does a pollutant&#8217;s characteristics and concentration impact human health?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#3_What_are_primary_pollutants\" >3. What are primary pollutants?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#4_How_are_secondary_pollutants_formed\" >4. How are secondary pollutants formed?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#5_How_are_pollutants_classified\" >5. How are pollutants classified?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" >In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/pollutant-from-hpis-upsc-environment-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" >Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CLASSIFICATION_OF_POLLUTANTS\"><\/span><strong>CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTANTS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pollutants are classified based on the following criteria:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Source of Pollution:<\/strong><ul><li>This classification considers the origin or cause of pollutants, distinguishing between industrial emissions, vehicular exhaust, agricultural runoff, and other sources.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mode of Release:<\/strong><ul><li>It categorizes pollutants based on how they are released into the environment, whether through point sources (specific, identifiable sources like chimneys) or non-point sources (diffuse sources like agricultural fields).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Presence in Nature:<\/strong><ul><li>Pollutants are classified based on their natural occurrence or human-induced introduction. Some pollutants are naturally present but become harmful in excessive amounts due to human activities.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Degree of Degradability:<\/strong><ul><li>This classification focuses on the degradability or persistence of pollutants in the environment. Some pollutants readily break down, while others persist for extended periods, causing long-term environmental impact.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"POLLUTANTS-_BASED_ON_SOURCE_OF_POLLUTION\"><\/span><strong>POLLUTANTS- BASED ON SOURCE OF POLLUTION<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Primary_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Primary Pollutants:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Primary pollutants are directly released into the atmosphere from natural or artificial sources. These pollutants are immediately emitted from the source and maintain their original form in the environment. Examples of primary pollutants include ashes, smoke, fumes, dust, nitric oxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrocarbons, and various other substances.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Secondary_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Secondary Pollutants:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Secondary pollutants are formed as a result of chemical reactions or physical interactions between primary pollutants or between primary pollutants and other components in the atmosphere. Unlike primary pollutants, secondary pollutants are produced as a result of transformations or reactions involving the main pollutants. Examples of secondary pollutants include sulfur trioxide, nitrogen dioxide, aldehydes, ketones, and ozone. These pollutants are not directly emitted but result from the alteration of primary pollutants through atmospheric processes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"POLLUTANTS_%E2%80%93_BASED_ON_DEGREE_OF_DEGRADABILITY\"><\/span><strong>POLLUTANTS &#8211; BASED ON DEGREE OF DEGRADABILITY<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Non-Degradable_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Non-Degradable Pollutants:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Decay slowly in the natural environment.<\/li><li>Accumulate and physiologically magnify as they migrate through the biogeochemical cycle and food chains.<\/li><li>Remain in complex forms as they are not acted upon by microorganisms.<\/li><li>Accumulate in nature and persist for a longer time.<\/li><li>Do not emit foul odor during decomposition.<\/li><li>Examples include mercury salts, long-chain phenolic compounds, DDT, and aluminum cans.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DegradableBiodegradable_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Degradable\/Biodegradable Pollutants:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Degrade quickly through natural processes.<\/li><li>Can be acted upon by microorganisms, leading to conversion into inorganic substances.<\/li><li>Do not accumulate in nature as they are biodegradable.<\/li><li>Examples include heat or thermal pollution and domestic sewage.<\/li><li>Emit foul odor during decomposition.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"POLLUTANTS-_CAUSE\"><\/span><strong>POLLUTANTS- CAUSE<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Commercial_or_Industrial_Waste\"><\/span><strong>Commercial or Industrial Waste:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Waste generated by facilities primarily engaged in business, trade, recreation, education, sport, or entertainment.<\/li><li>Importance: Proper disposal and management of industrial waste are crucial to prevent environmental pollution and protect human health.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Rapid_Urbanization\"><\/span><strong>Rapid Urbanization:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Description: Increasing migration to cities for jobs and affluence, with half of the world&#8217;s population already living in cities and a projected two-thirds by 2050.<\/li><li>Impact: Urbanization can lead to challenges such as increased demand for resources, strain on infrastructure, and environmental degradation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Fires_in_the_Woods_Wildfires\"><\/span><strong>Fires in the Woods (Wildfires):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Uncontrolled and unprescribed combustion or burning of plants in natural contexts like forests, grasslands, brushlands, or tundra.<\/li><li>Cause: Environmental conditions, such as wind and topography, can contribute to the spread of wildfires.<\/li><li>Impact: Wildfires can cause significant ecological damage, loss of biodiversity, and contribute to air pollution.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Population_Growth\"><\/span><strong>Population Growth:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Description: Recent global population increase amplifying the effects of agricultural and commercial operations.<\/li><li>Impact: Higher population puts increased pressure on resources, leading to challenges such as food security, water scarcity, and habitat loss.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hazardous_Waste\"><\/span><strong>Hazardous Waste:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Waste with features making it unsafe or harmful to human health or the environment, including liquids, solids, gases, and sludge.<\/li><li>Sources: Industrial production process wastes and batteries are mentioned as examples.<\/li><li>Management: Proper disposal and treatment of hazardous waste are critical to\u00a0prevent adverse health and environmental effects.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Deforestation_and_Improper_Agricultural_Practices\"><\/span><strong>Deforestation and Improper Agricultural Practices:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Definition: Loss of forest land for purposes like agriculture, urbanization, or mining, contributing significantly to global greenhouse gas emissions.<\/li><li>Impact: Deforestation results in habitat loss, biodiversity decline, and contributes to climate change.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs_%E2%80%93_Pollutants\"><\/span><strong>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) &#8211; Pollutants&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_a_pollutant\"><\/span>1. What is a pollutant?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A pollutant refers to a substance or form of energy introduced into the environment, leading to unintended consequences or diminishing the utility of a particular resource.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_does_a_pollutants_characteristics_and_concentration_impact_human_health\"><\/span>2. How does a pollutant&#8217;s characteristics and concentration impact human health?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The extent of a pollutant&#8217;s adverse impact on human health is determined by its characteristics and concentration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_are_primary_pollutants\"><\/span>3. What are primary pollutants?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Primary pollutants are impurities directly emitted from their original source, such as CO2, SO2, and NO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_How_are_secondary_pollutants_formed\"><\/span>4. How are secondary pollutants formed?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Secondary pollutants are created through the interaction of pollutants like HC, NO, and O3 in the environment, under conditions of moisture and sunlight, resulting in the formation of new substances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_How_are_pollutants_classified\"><\/span>5. How are pollutants classified?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pollutants are classified based on the source of pollution, mode of release, presence in nature, and degree of degradability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. 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