{"id":36208,"date":"2024-03-30T07:29:58","date_gmt":"2024-03-30T07:29:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=36208"},"modified":"2024-03-30T07:29:59","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T07:29:59","slug":"upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Daily Current Affairs &#8211; 30th March 2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-current-affairs?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Current+Affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination. Our focus today includes a critical analysis of recent policy changes, international affairs, and national developments, all of which play a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic landscape of India. Stay informed and stay ahead in your UPSC preparations with our daily current affairs updates, as we provide you with concise, well-researched insights to help you connect the dots between contemporary events and the broader canvas of the civil services syllabus.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f434e1a3a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f434e1a3a\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#India_Employment_Report_2024\" title=\"India Employment Report 2024\">India Employment Report 2024<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Key_Highlights_of_the_Report\" title=\"Key Highlights of the Report\">Key Highlights of the Report<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Government_Initiatives_Related_to_Employment\" title=\"Government Initiatives Related to Employment\">Government Initiatives Related to Employment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#About_the_International_Labor_Organization_ILO\" title=\"About the International Labor Organization (ILO)\">About the International Labor Organization (ILO)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Food_Waste_Index_Report_2024\" title=\"Food Waste Index Report 2024\">Food Waste Index Report 2024<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Food_Waste_Index_Report\" title=\"Food Waste Index Report\">Food Waste Index Report<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Key_Highlights_of_the_2024_Report\" title=\"Key Highlights of the 2024 Report\">Key Highlights of the 2024 Report<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#United_Nations_Environment_Programme_UNEP\" title=\"United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)\">United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#The_Sundarbans\" title=\"The Sundarbans\">The Sundarbans<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Overview_of_Sundarbans\" title=\"Overview of Sundarbans\">Overview of Sundarbans<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Challenges_Faced_by_the_Sundarbans\" title=\"Challenges Faced by the Sundarbans\">Challenges Faced by the Sundarbans<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Ways_to_Protect_the_Sundarbans\" title=\"Ways to Protect the Sundarbans\">Ways to Protect the Sundarbans<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#H5N1_Bird_Flu\" title=\"H5N1 Bird Flu\">H5N1 Bird Flu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#H5N1_Bird_Flu_Overview\" title=\"H5N1 Bird Flu Overview\">H5N1 Bird Flu Overview<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#World_Health_Organization_WHO_Risk_Assessment\" title=\"World Health Organization (WHO) Risk Assessment\">World Health Organization (WHO) Risk Assessment<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Preventive_Measures_and_Recommendations\" title=\"Preventive Measures and Recommendations\">Preventive Measures and Recommendations<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act_PMLA\" title=\"Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)\">Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#What_is_Money_Laundering\" title=\"What is Money Laundering?\">What is Money Laundering?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#About_Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act_PMLA_2002\" title=\"About Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002\">About Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Enforcement_and_Authorities\" title=\"Enforcement and Authorities\">Enforcement and Authorities<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Actions_Against_Money_Laundering\" title=\"Actions Against Money Laundering\">Actions Against Money Laundering<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Obligations_on_Entities\" title=\"Obligations on Entities\">Obligations on Entities<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Butterfly_Cicada\" title=\"Butterfly Cicada\">Butterfly Cicada<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#About_Butterfly_Cicada\" title=\"About Butterfly Cicada\">About Butterfly Cicada<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Features\" title=\"Features\">Features<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Section_120B_of_the_Indian_Penal_Code\" title=\"Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code\">Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#About_Section_120B_of_the_IPC\" title=\"About Section 120B of the IPC\">About Section 120B of the IPC<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Establishing_Criminal_Conspiracy\" title=\"Establishing Criminal Conspiracy\">Establishing Criminal Conspiracy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Doctrine_of_Agency_in_Criminal_Conspiracy\" title=\"Doctrine of Agency in Criminal Conspiracy\">Doctrine of Agency in Criminal Conspiracy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Punishment_for_Criminal_Conspiracy\" title=\"Punishment for Criminal Conspiracy\">Punishment for Criminal Conspiracy<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Act_1940\" title=\"Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940\">Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#About_Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Act_1940\" title=\"About Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940\">About Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Definition_of_Drugs_and_Cosmetics\" title=\"Definition of Drugs and Cosmetics\">Definition of Drugs and Cosmetics<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Objectives\" title=\"Objectives\">Objectives<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Salient_Features\" title=\"Salient Features\">Salient Features<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#CoViNet\" title=\"CoViNet\">CoViNet<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#About_CoViNet\" title=\"About CoViNet\">About CoViNet<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Key_Facts_about_World_Health_Organisation\" title=\"Key Facts about World Health Organisation\">Key Facts about World Health Organisation<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Mohiniyattam\" title=\"Mohiniyattam\">Mohiniyattam<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#About_Mohiniyattam\" title=\"About Mohiniyattam\">About Mohiniyattam<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are daily current affairs?\">Q: What are daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?\">Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\" title=\"Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?\">Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\" title=\"Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?\">Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?\">Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-30th-march-2024\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"India_Employment_Report_2024\"><\/span><strong>India Employment Report 2024<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Unemployment<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> A recent report titled &#8220;India Employment Report 2024,&#8221; jointly released by the Institute for Human Development (IHD) and the International Labour Organization (ILO), underscores the persistent challenge of high unemployment rates among India&#8217;s youth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Highlights_of_the_Report\"><\/span><strong>Key Highlights of the Report<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Poor Employment Conditions<\/strong><ul><li>Despite advancements in overall labor force participation and employment rates, India still faces challenges such as stagnant or declining wages, a rise in self-employment among women, and a notable share of unpaid family work among youth.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The report underscores that nearly 83% of the unemployed workforce in India comprises youth, with the proportion of educated youth among the unemployed almost doubling from 2000 to 2022.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Youth Employment Challenges<\/strong><ul><li>Between 2000 and 2019, youth employment and underemployment have surged, particularly impacting educated youth.&nbsp;<\/li><li>While labor force participation, worker population ratio, and unemployment rates deteriorated between 2000 and 2018, there was a subsequent improvement post-2019, albeit coinciding with periods of economic distress, including pre and post-COVID-19.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Paradoxical Improvements<\/strong><ul><li>While certain labor indicators have shown improvement over the past two decades, challenges persist in the overall employment scenario.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Non-farm sectors have not expanded adequately to absorb agricultural workers, with most workers engaged in informal employment.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, the decline in regular employment post-2018 poses challenges for India&#8217;s large young workforce, exacerbated by inadequate digital literacy skills among a significant portion of youth.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Declining Wages and Earnings<\/strong><ul><li>Real wages of regular workers have either remained stagnant or declined, and self-employed individuals have also experienced a decline in earnings after 2019.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The report highlights that a considerable proportion of unskilled casual workers did not receive the prescribed minimum wages in 2022, particularly in sectors such as agriculture and construction.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Changing Structure of Industrial Employment<\/strong><ul><li>The report notes a rapid increase in digitally mediated gig and platform work, which often lacks social security provisions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>While platform and gig work have expanded, they largely contribute to informal employment, highlighting the need for enhanced labor protections and regulations.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Expected Increase in Migration<\/strong><ul><li>Urbanization and migration rates are projected to rise significantly in the future, with migration expected to account for a substantial portion of urban population growth.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The report indicates a regional imbalance in migration patterns, with a general trend from eastern, northeastern, and central regions to southern, western, and northern regions.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Regional Disparities<\/strong><ul><li>Significant variations in employment outcomes exist across Indian states, with certain states consistently ranking lower in employment indicators.&nbsp;<\/li><li>States such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, and Chhattisgarh have struggled with poor employment outcomes, reflecting regional policy influences.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Widening Gender Gap<\/strong><ul><li>India faces a substantial gender gap in the labor market, characterized by low rates of female labor force participation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The report highlights challenges for young women, particularly those with higher education.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Despite affirmative action and targeted policies, social inequalities persist, with marginalized communities facing barriers to accessing better employment opportunities.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Initiatives_Related_to_Employment\"><\/span><strong>Government Initiatives Related to Employment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Support for Marginalized Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise (SMILE)<\/li><li>PM-DAKSH (Pradhan Mantri Dakshta Aur Kushalta Sampann Hitgrahi)<\/li><li>Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)<\/li><li>Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)<\/li><li>Start-Up India Scheme<\/li><li>Rozgar Mela<\/li><li>Indira Gandhi Urban Employment Guarantee Scheme- Rajasthan.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_the_International_Labor_Organization_ILO\"><\/span>About the <strong>International Labor Organization (ILO)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The International Labor Organization is a tripartite United Nations agency that brings together governments, employers, and workers from 187 member states, including India.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It aims to set labor standards, develop policies, and devise programs promoting decent work for all individuals.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Established in 1919 by the Treaty of Versailles as an affiliated agency of the League of Nations, the ILO became the first affiliated specialized agency of the UN in 1946.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1969 for its efforts in promoting social justice and decent work globally.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims (2013)<\/strong><br><strong>Q. Disguised unemployment generally means\u00a0<\/strong><br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a0large number of people remain unemployed<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u00a0alternative employment is not available<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a0marginal productivity of labour is zero<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u00a0productivity of workers is low<br><strong>Ans: (c)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Mains (2023)Q.<\/strong>\u00a0Most of the unemployment in India is structural in nature. Examine the methodology adopted to compute unemployment in the country and suggest improvements.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/economy\/indias-employment-conditions-continue-to-be-poor-report-9235126\/\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Food_Waste_Index_Report_2024\"><\/span><strong>Food Waste Index Report 2024<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS-3 Sustainable Development, Hunger and Malnutrition<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> According to the Food Waste Index Report 2024, households worldwide wasted more than one billion meals each day in 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Food_Waste_Index_Report\"><\/span><strong>Food Waste Index Report<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Introduction<\/strong><ul><li>Launched in 2021, the Food Waste Index examines food wastage levels at retail and consumer stages, focusing on households and food service sectors.<\/li><li>Co-authored by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and WRAP (Waste and Resources Action Programme), a U.K.-based non-profit organization.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Objective<\/strong><ul><li>Aims to catalyze action towards reducing food waste, aligning with UN&#8217;s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 12.3) targeting sustainable consumption and production patterns.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>SDG 12.3 Targets<\/strong><ul><li>Aims to halve per capita global food waste by 2030 at retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses across production and supply chains.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Definition of Food Waste<\/strong><ul><li>Defined as food and its inedible parts removed from the human food supply chain.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Highlights_of_the_2024_Report\"><\/span><strong>Key Highlights of the 2024 Report<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Global Food Waste:<\/strong> 1.05 billion tonnes wasted in 2022, 19% of available food.<\/li><li><strong>Household Contribution:<\/strong> 631 million tonnes (60% of total food waste).<\/li><li><strong>Per Capita Food Waste:<\/strong> Average of 79kg annually per person.<\/li><li><strong>Temperature Correlation:<\/strong> Hotter countries show higher per capita food waste.<\/li><li><strong>Urban-Rural Disparities:<\/strong> Middle-income countries exhibit variations in food waste between urban and rural areas.<\/li><li><strong>G20 Role:<\/strong> Limited data availability; emphasis on individual and systemic actions.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"United_Nations_Environment_Programme_UNEP\"><\/span><strong>United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Establishment and Objective<\/strong><ul><li>Founded in 1972 at the Stockholm Conference, UNEP aims to lead and facilitate global environmental conservation efforts.<\/li><li>Objective: To inspire, inform, and enable nations and peoples to enhance their quality of life without compromising future generations&#8217;.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Areas of Concentration<\/strong><ul><li>Climate Change, Post-Conflict and Disaster Management, Ecosystem Management, Environmental Governance, Harmful Substances, and Resource Efficiency\/Sustainable Consumption and Production.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Governing Body<\/strong><ul><li>The UN Environment Assembly, formed in 2012, serves as UNEP&#8217;s governing body, convening biennially with 193 member nations.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Headquarters<\/strong><ul><li>Located in Nairobi, Kenya, UNEP coordinates global environmental initiatives from its headquarters.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/world-wastes-1-billion-meals-a-day-says-un-report\/article68002532.ece\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Sundarbans\"><\/span><strong>The Sundarbans<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag: <\/strong>GS-3 Environment and Conservation<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> The Sundarbans confront a multitude of environmental hurdles, encompassing issues like freshwater scarcity, pollution stemming from microplastics and chemicals, and coastal erosion.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/JhQXfsFqWpJsX90CLSwCFSzqTLPky819eufFhCsp79OtdLaNCYrfggaHY2wwQxqMMmg8qioVtT6zW_ybYz7F-NBNb8ac1huZCr6L2fmxjJ3MCjk102S9hvV_0IHAYNnaHpWcM45Yi84VP9QEQx3exQ\" alt=\"The Sundarbans\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>The Sundarbans<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Overview_of_Sundarbans\"><\/span><strong>Overview of Sundarbans<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Geographic Location and Significance<\/strong><ul><li>The Sundarbans is renowned for hosting the world&#8217;s largest mangrove forests, situated at the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This mangrove ecosystem thrives in the specialized interface between land and sea in tropical and subtropical regions.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rich Biodiversity<\/strong><ul><li>The Sundarbans provides habitat to a diverse array of flora and fauna.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It shelters 84 species of flora, including 26 mangrove species, and a staggering 453 species of fauna.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This includes 120 species of fish, 290 species of birds, 42 species of mammals, 35 reptiles, and eight amphibian species.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The ecosystem is home to numerous rare and globally threatened wildlife species such as the estuarine crocodile, water monitor lizard, Gangetic dolphin, and olive ridley turtle.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Human Population<\/strong><ul><li>More than 12 million people reside in the Sundarbans estuarine ecosystem, with 4.5 million in India and 7.5 million in Bangladesh.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Sundarbans serves as the natural habitat for various animal groups, and many species are known to feed, breed, and take shelter within this unique environment.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Conservation Efforts<\/strong><ul><li>Approximately 40% of the Sundarbans lies within India, with the remainder in Bangladesh.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Recognizing its ecological importance, the Sundarbans was designated as a <strong>UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987<\/strong> <strong>for India<\/strong> and <strong>1997 for Bangladesh<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, Sundarban Wetland in India was acknowledged as the &#8216;Wetland of International Importance&#8217; under the Ramsar Convention in January 2019.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Conservation Initiatives<\/strong><ul><li>Project Tiger, a significant conservation effort, played a pivotal role in safeguarding the Sundarbans&#8217; unique ecosystem by preserving the Royal Bengal Tiger population.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Furthermore, in 2011, India and Bangladesh signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Conservation of the Sundarbans, highlighting the necessity to monitor and conserve this vital ecosystem.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Biosphere Reserve<\/strong><ul><li>The Sundarbans is designated as a Biosphere Reserve (BR), housing several protected areas, including national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These include Sundarbans National Park, Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary, Sundarbans South Wildlife Sanctuary, Sundarbans West Wildlife Sanctuary in India, and Sundarbans Reserve Forest in Bangladesh.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_Faced_by_the_Sundarbans\"><\/span><strong>Challenges Faced by the Sundarbans<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Freshwater Scarcity<\/strong><ul><li>The Sundarbans experience scarcity of freshwater due to the predominantly saline nature of the rivers, impacting both the ecosystem and the livelihoods of inhabitants.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This scarcity is exacerbated by the saline nature of groundwater.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Pollution and Erosion<\/strong><ul><li>Pollution from various sources, including microplastics and chemicals from industrial activities, poses a threat to the delicate ecosystem of the Sundarbans.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, river erosion and exploitation of forest resources contribute to the degradation of the area.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sea Level Rise<\/strong><ul><li>The Sundarbans face nearly double the sea level rise compared to other coastal regions, posing a serious threat to its carbon sequestration potential and other ecosystem services.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Increasing frequency and intensity of cyclones in the region further exacerbate these challenges.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Human-Wildlife Conflict<\/strong><ul><li>Conflicts between humans and animals, particularly with species like tigers, pose a significant challenge to both conservation efforts and the safety of local communities.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These conflicts threaten the balance of the ecosystem and endanger both human and animal lives.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Contamination<\/strong><ul><li>Chemicals from industrial activities contaminate the rivers and water ecosystem of the Sundarbans, further deteriorating its environmental health and endangering its inhabitants.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ways_to_Protect_the_Sundarbans\"><\/span><strong>Ways to Protect the Sundarbans<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Protecting Streambanks<\/strong><ul><li>Cultivating native grass species can stabilize streambanks and prevent erosion, offering a natural solution to combat the degradation of the Sundarbans&#8217; environment.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Promoting Sustainable Agriculture<\/strong><ul><li>Encouraging the cultivation of soil-tolerant paddy varieties and promoting organic agriculture practices can enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Utilizing Non-Timber Forest Resources<\/strong><ul><li>Leveraging non-timber forest resources for economic growth can promote sustainable development while ensuring the conservation of natural resources, thereby benefiting both the environment and local communities.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Wastewater Treatment<\/strong><ul><li>Utilizing natural processes and microorganisms for wastewater treatment can help maintain water quality and ecosystem health, addressing the issue of pollution in the Sundarbans.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Biodiversity Conservation<\/strong><ul><li>Promoting the conservation of biodiversity, including indigenous fish species, can aid in restoring and maintaining the health of the Sundarbans&#8217; ecosystems, preserving its unique flora and fauna.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>India-Bangladesh Collaboration<\/strong><ul><li>Strengthening collaboration between India and Bangladesh can facilitate joint efforts to address the challenges facing the Sundarbans, utilizing international best practices and interdisciplinary expertise to ensure the resilience of the ecosystem and the welfare of its communities.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adopting nature-based solutions and fostering international cooperation are essential strategies for protecting the Sundarbans and ensuring its long-term sustainability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims (2012)<\/strong><br><strong>Q. Consider the following protected areas:\u00a0<\/strong>BandipurBhitarkanikaManasSundarbans<strong>Which of the above are declared Tiger Reserves?<\/strong><br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a01 and 2 only<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u00a01, 3 and 4 only<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a02, 3 and 4 only<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u00a01, 2, 3 and 4<br><strong>Ans: (b)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims (2020)<\/strong><br><strong>Q. With reference to India\u2019s biodiversity, Ceylon frogmouth, Coppersmith barbet, Gray-chinned minivet and White-throated redstart are\u00a0<\/strong><br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a0Birds<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u00a0Primates<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a0Reptiles<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u00a0Amphibians<br><strong>Ans: (a)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Mains (2022)Q.<\/strong>\u00a0\u201cThe most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalisation of environmental problems by the Supreme Court.\u201d Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws.\u00a0<br><br><strong>Mains (2018)Q. \u201c<\/strong>Policy contradictions among various competing sectors and stakeholders have resulted in inadequate \u2018protection and prevention of degradation\u2019 to the environment.\u201d Comment with relevant illustrations.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/climate-change\/nature-based-solutions-can-help-sundarbans-survive-95230#:~:text=Mangrove%20resources%20to%20protect%20the,restore%20the%20pond's%20water%20ecosystem.\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"H5N1_Bird_Flu\"><\/span><strong>H5N1 Bird Flu<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Health<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> The highly pathogenic H5N1 bird flu virus has been spreading globally, presenting a considerable threat to avian populations and wildlife.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/OVSU3pPPy4yAE7qK7ISBY-_J7Vt1Mn_tq7hb_SPocx6G8GfZOeZei51wIZipEZSO-304wlyIr2qQVG8TCn1wlonsiN2MUdU-P14SF6naEY_79KkISvrD4BSk_OgsRwx51KOWPDAQkC5iAVza3ckg4g\" alt=\"H5N1 Bird Flu\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>H5N1 Bird Flu<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"H5N1_Bird_Flu_Overview\"><\/span><strong>H5N1 Bird Flu Overview<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Background<\/strong><ul><li>Avian influenza A(H5N1), commonly known as H5N1 Bird Flu, is a highly pathogenic virus that predominantly affects birds but can also infect mammals.<\/li><li>Originating from a 1996 outbreak in China, H5N1 quickly evolved into a highly pathogenic strain.<\/li><li>Since 2020, it has spread across continents including Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, and even mainland Antarctica.<\/li><li>India witnessed its first H5N1 outbreak in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat in 2015.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Impact on Animals<\/strong><ul><li>Initially affecting primarily chickens, H5N1 has expanded its impact to include wild birds, endangered species like California condors, and marine mammals such as sea lions and dolphins.<\/li><li>Additionally, mammals like foxes, pumas, bears in North America, and farmed minks in Spain and Finland have been infected by the virus.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Human Risk and Spread Factors<\/strong><ul><li>While rare, humans can contract bird flu, usually through direct contact with infected birds.<\/li><li>Climate change may contribute to the virus&#8217;s spread by altering bird behavior and increasing interactions between bird species.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"World_Health_Organization_WHO_Risk_Assessment\"><\/span><strong>World Health Organization (WHO) Risk Assessment<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Although H5N1 does not readily infect humans, sporadic cases linked to poultry exposure still occur.<\/li><li>Human-to-human transmission remains infrequent, but there&#8217;s a potential for further cases, particularly in regions where the virus is endemic in poultry.<\/li><li>WHO assesses the overall risk to the general population as low but underscores the importance of surveillance and risk management.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Preventive_Measures_and_Recommendations\"><\/span><strong>Preventive Measures and Recommendations<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>WHO advises avoiding high-risk environments such as live animal markets and practicing good hand hygiene.<\/li><li>Prompt reporting of sick animals and abstaining from consuming sick poultry are recommended.<\/li><li>Individuals exposed to infected birds or environments should promptly seek medical care.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>UPSC Previous Year Questions<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims (2015)<\/strong><br><strong>Q. H1N1 virus is sometimes mentioned in the news with reference to which one of the following diseases?\u00a0<\/strong><br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a0AIDS<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u00a0Bird flu<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a0Dengue<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u00a0Swine flu<br><strong>Ans: (d)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims (2016)<\/strong><br><strong>Q. Which of the following statements is\/are correct? Viruses can infect\u00a0<\/strong>bacteriafungiplants<strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><br><strong>(a)<\/strong>\u00a01 and 2 only<br><strong>(b)<\/strong>\u00a03 only\u00a0<br><strong>(c)<\/strong>\u00a01 and 3 only<br><strong>(d)<\/strong>\u00a01, 2 and 3<br><strong>Ans: (d)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/h5n1-bird-flu-mammals-9236846\/\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act_PMLA\"><\/span><strong>Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Economics<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> The Punjab and Haryana High Court has clarified that courts have the authority to order the release of an individual accused of money laundering from police custody without the need to fulfill both conditions required by the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_Money_Laundering\"><\/span><strong>What is Money Laundering?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Money laundering, as per the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), involves the attempt or assistance in concealing, possessing, acquiring, or using the proceeds of crime, whether directly or indirectly.<\/li><li>It is the process of making illegal funds obtained from criminal activities appear legal, thus disguising them as legitimate assets.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Prevention_of_Money_Laundering_Act_PMLA_2002\"><\/span><strong>About Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The PMLA is legislation aimed at preventing money laundering and confiscating properties derived from or involved in money laundering.<\/li><li>Objectives of the Act include preventing money laundering, combating illegal financial activities, confiscating laundered property, penalizing offenders, establishing adjudicating authorities and appellate tribunals, and addressing related matters.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enforcement_and_Authorities\"><\/span><strong>Enforcement and Authorities<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Enforcement Directorate (ED) under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance, investigates money laundering offenses.<\/li><li>The Financial Intelligence Unit\u2013India (FIU-IND), also under the Department of Revenue, is the central agency responsible for receiving, analyzing, and disseminating information on suspicious financial transactions.<\/li><li>Scheduled offenses are investigated by respective agencies like local police, CBI, customs departments, etc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Actions_Against_Money_Laundering\"><\/span><strong>Actions Against Money Laundering<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Actions include seizure\/freezing of property and records, and attachment of assets obtained from crime proceeds.<\/li><li>Offenders face rigorous imprisonment for a minimum of three years, extendable up to seven years, and are subject to unlimited fines.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Obligations_on_Entities\"><\/span><strong>Obligations on Entities<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Banking companies, financial institutions, intermediaries, and designated businesses or professions must verify client identities, maintain records, and report information to FIU-IND as per PMLA and its rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/cities\/chandigarh-news\/money-laundering-cases-courts-can-order-release-of-accused-under-police-custody-hc-101711566996974.html\">HT<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Butterfly_Cicada\"><\/span><strong>Butterfly Cicada<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Environment\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> Recently, scientists discovered a stunning new species of cicada, commonly referred to as &#8220;Butterfly Cicadas,&#8221; in Meghalaya.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/FY5NjxDg_mOTwi4F8cpV2nZt7cxqEKVZXxlQFjZWTpesGQ-Q1dJMJrUjeAIcBrOefLaqgXecZQHlgWJRbcGn5A5ivPK_eTQlONd_7t6gQ8IPX3CFwFR7eZ0J4Y2ISscWERANEV0HKRhm4VKogCJ-xw\" alt=\"Butterfly Cicada\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>Butterfly Cicada<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Butterfly_Cicada\"><\/span><strong>About Butterfly Cicada<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Butterfly Cicada is a recently discovered species of cicada, belonging to the genus Becquartina.<\/li><li>Its discovery increases the total number of known species within the genus Becquartina to seven.<\/li><li>The species was found in Meghalaya, marking the first recorded instance of this genus in the country.<\/li><li>It earned the nickname &#8220;butterfly cicada&#8221; due to its colorful wings, with its species name &#8220;bicolour&#8221; reflecting its two distinct color forms.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Features\"><\/span><strong>Features<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The species is localized in the Garo Hills and Ri-Bhoi districts, showing a preference for dense forests and native vegetation.<\/li><li>Active from April to June, the cicada&#8217;s calling patterns differ between the Garo Hills and Ri-Bhoi districts. In the former, males call vigorously in the morning and evening, while in the latter, calls are heard during daylight hours.<\/li><li>Its hind wings feature a rich saffron color in the basal one-third, with the apical two-thirds being matte black adorned with prominent squarish saffron spots.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eastmojo.com\/meghalaya\/2024\/03\/28\/meghalaya-researchers-discover-stunning-new-cicada-species\/?Y29uc3VtcHRpb24=ae841aee-ba1d-47e8-85db-18ef6930d511\">EM<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Section_120B_of_the_Indian_Penal_Code\"><\/span><strong>Section 120B of the Indian Penal Code<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Polity<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> Recently, the Supreme Court rejected the review petitions challenging its ruling that proceedings under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) cannot be commenced using Section 120B of the IPC if the purported criminal conspiracy is not linked to a scheduled offence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Section_120B_of_the_IPC\"><\/span><strong>About Section 120B of the IPC<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Section 120A of the IPC defines the offence of criminal conspiracy.<\/li><li>Section 120B of the IPC specifies the punishment for criminal conspiracy.<\/li><li>Criminal Conspiracy involves an agreement between two or more individuals to commit an illegal act or to achieve a lawful act through illegal means.<\/li><li>Essentially, it constitutes planning and executing a criminal act through mutual agreement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Establishing_Criminal_Conspiracy\"><\/span><strong>Establishing Criminal Conspiracy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>For a conspiracy to be established, there must be an agreement, a common intention to commit an illegal act, and an overt act in furtherance of that intention.<\/li><li>The agreement need not be written or verbal; it can be inferred from the conduct of the individuals involved.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Doctrine_of_Agency_in_Criminal_Conspiracy\"><\/span><strong>Doctrine of Agency in Criminal Conspiracy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The Doctrine of Agency implies that every member of a conspiracy acts as a joint agent for each other, making them equally liable for the common purpose of executing the crime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Punishment_for_Criminal_Conspiracy\"><\/span><strong>Punishment for Criminal Conspiracy<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>IPC 120B categorizes conspiracy based on the nature and gravity of the offence.<\/li><li>If the conspiracy aims at a serious offence punishable with death, life imprisonment, or rigorous imprisonment for at least two years, the conspirators are treated as if they committed the offence themselves.<\/li><li>For conspiracies related to less serious offences, the punishment is imprisonment for up to six months, a fine, or both.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/top-stories\/pmla-cant-applied-using-s120b-ipc-if-criminal-conspiracy-wasnt-related-to-scheduled-offence-supreme-court-rejects-eds-review-petition-253478\"><strong>LL<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Act_1940\"><\/span><strong>Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-2 Polity<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> Recently, the Supreme Court ruled that an offence under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940, cannot be acknowledged solely based on a complaint lodged by a police officer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Drugs_and_Cosmetics_Act_1940\"><\/span><strong>About Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Act governs the import, manufacture, sale, and distribution of drugs and cosmetics via licenses and permits.<\/li><li>Its primary aim is to ensure that drugs and cosmetics available in India meet national standards for reliability and efficiency.<\/li><li>The associated Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945, classify medications into schedules and provide guidelines for their storage, sale, presentation, and prescription.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition_of_Drugs_and_Cosmetics\"><\/span><strong>Definition of Drugs and Cosmetics<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Drugs encompass medicines, medical devices, and substances intended for diagnosis, treatment, mitigation, or prevention of diseases in humans or animals.<\/li><li>Cosmetics include substances or products used for cleansing, beautifying, or enhancing appearance when applied to the body or any object.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives\"><\/span><strong>Objectives<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Regulating drug imports to prevent substandard or counterfeit products from entering the country.<\/li><li>Prohibiting the production of inferior or counterfeit pharmaceuticals domestically.<\/li><li>Ensuring only qualified personnel handle the sale, distribution, and manufacture of medicines, including Ayurvedic, Siddha, Unani, and Homeopathic drugs.<\/li><li>Regulating the import, manufacture, sale, and distribution of cosmetics.<\/li><li>Conducting regular visits by drug inspectors to licensed premises.<\/li><li>Monitoring pharmaceutical and cosmetic standards through sample collection and analysis in accredited laboratories.<\/li><li>Establishing regulations for the manufacture, standardization, labeling, and packaging of drugs and cosmetics.<\/li><li>Forming Drugs Technical Advisory Board (DTAB) and Drugs Consultative Committees (DCC) for allopathic and allied drugs, as well as cosmetics.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Salient_Features\"><\/span><strong>Salient Features<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Maximum penalty includes life imprisonment and a fine of Rs. 10 lakhs or three times the confiscated goods\u2019 value, whichever is greater.<\/li><li>Gazette officers and Drug Controller&#8217;s Office personnel are authorized to initiate prosecution; some offences are cognizable and non-bailable.<\/li><li>Specialized courts are designated for trying offences under the Act.<\/li><li>Provision for aggregating minor offences.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/supreme-court\/cognizance-of-offence-under-drugs-cosmetics-act-1940-cant-be-taken-based-on-police-officers-complaint-supreme-court-253512\"><strong>LL<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CoViNet\"><\/span><strong>CoViNet<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-3 Science and Tech.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced a new network focused on coronaviruses, known as CoViNet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_CoViNet\"><\/span><strong>About CoViNet<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>CoViNet is a network comprising global laboratories specializing in human, animal, and environmental coronavirus surveillance.<\/li><li>Its purpose is to identify and monitor potentially emerging novel coronaviruses.<\/li><li>The network now incorporates animal health and environmental surveillance to facilitate timely risk assessments that inform WHO policies and protective measures.<\/li><li>In low- and middle-income countries, CoViNet will aid in establishing additional laboratories to monitor MERS-CoV and other novel coronaviruses of public health significance.<\/li><li>Data generated by CoViNet will inform the work of WHO&#8217;s Technical Advisory Groups on Viral Evolution (TAG-VE) and Vaccine Composition (TAG-CO-VAC), ensuring that global health policies and tools are grounded in the latest scientific insights.<\/li><li>Presently, CoViNet consists of 36 laboratories from 21 countries across all six WHO regions.<\/li><li>Notably, three Indian laboratories\u2014Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology in Pune, and Translational Health Science and Technology Institute\u2014are part of this network.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Facts_about_World_Health_Organisation\"><\/span><strong>Key Facts about World Health Organisation<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Established in 1948, the WHO is a specialized agency of the United Nations dedicated to promoting health, ensuring global safety, and serving vulnerable populations to achieve the highest level of health worldwide.<\/li><li>Its governance structure supports the implementation of its mandate and objectives, with 194 member states.<\/li><li>The World Health Assembly (WHA) serves as the highest decision-making body, comprising representatives from all member states.<\/li><li>The Secretariat is responsible for executing policies and programs approved by the WHA.<\/li><li>The Director-General leads the WHA and is assisted by a senior management team.<\/li><li>WHO operates through six regional offices: Africa, the Americas, Southeast Asia, Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Western Pacific.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/health\/who-launches-covinet-a-global-laboratory-to-monitor-emerging-coronaviruses-95277\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mohiniyattam\"><\/span><strong>Mohiniyattam<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tag:<\/strong> GS-1 Art and Culture<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In News:<\/strong> In a landmark decision, Kerala Kalamandalam, a deemed university for arts and culture, has lifted gender restrictions on learning Mohiniyattam.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/3gbBQ0aQwxMmECAa-9Oim_Db8XbBYtVLdt1jwGzepUBFDGRlkCPgjN-U-1CF9WBO0-kpyXkICfygRAvEGggu0KK19CaxfbTOlt1WE8ZT4LlnbyO5SsWADxP2Mg7R_iMPcM1R-ekfGMwu99MJof-A8Q\" alt=\"Mohiniyattam\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>Mohiniyattam<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Mohiniyattam\"><\/span><strong>About Mohiniyattam<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>History and Evolution<\/strong><ul><li>Mohiniyattam is an Indian classical dance form that originated in the state of Kerala.<\/li><li>Its origins can be traced back to the ancient Sanskrit Hindu text on performing arts, &#8216;Natya Shastra&#8217;.<\/li><li>Initially performed by Devadasis (temple dancers) in temples during the reign of the Chera kings from the 9th to 12th centuries.<\/li><li>Further developed as a performing art during the 18th and 19th centuries with the patronage of princely states.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Features<\/strong><ul><li>Traditionally a solo dance performed by female artists.<\/li><li>Characterized by the Lasya style, emphasizing grace, gentleness, and femininity.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Themes<\/strong><ul><li>Major themes revolve around love and devotion to God, often portraying Lord Vishnu or Lord Krishna as the central character.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Performance<\/strong><ul><li>Mohiniyattam combines dance and singing, with songs typically in Manipravala, a blend of Sanskrit and Malayalam.<\/li><li>Recitation can be done by the dancer or a vocalist, with Carnatic music accompanying.<\/li><li>Known for its graceful swaying body movements devoid of abrupt jerks or sudden leaps.<\/li><li>Emphasis on hand gestures and Mukhabhinaya (facial expressions) over footwork.<\/li><li>Hand gestures, 24 in total, are largely derived from &#8216;Hastha Lakshana Deepika&#8217;, a text followed by Kathakali artists.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Costumes<\/strong><ul><li>Mohiniyattam costumes typically feature plain white or ivory cream traditional saris adorned with bright gold-laced brocade.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Instruments Used<\/strong><ul><li>Instruments commonly used include Mridangam, Madhalam, Idakka, flute, Veena, and Kuzhitalam (cymbals).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/kerala\/kalamandalam-opens-doors-for-boys-to-learn-mohiniyattam\/article67998584.ece\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Daily current affairs refer to the most recent and relevant events, developments, and news stories that are happening around the world on a day-to-day basis. These can encompass a wide range of topics, including politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Staying updated with daily current affairs is crucial because it helps individuals make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives. It enables people to understand the world around them, stay aware of significant events, and engage in informed discussions about important issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\"><\/span>Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: There are various sources for daily current affairs, including newspapers, news websites, television news broadcasts, radio programs, and dedicated apps or newsletters. Social media platforms are also widely used to share and access current affairs information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\"><\/span>Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: To incorporate daily current affairs into your routine, consider setting aside specific times each day to read or watch news updates. You can also subscribe to newsletters or follow news apps to receive curated content. Engaging in discussions with peers or participating in online forums can further enhance your understanding of current events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: When analyzing daily current affairs, it&#8217;s essential to cross-reference information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy. Additionally, consider the source&#8217;s credibility and bias, if any. Develop the ability to identify the main points and implications of news stories, and critically evaluate the significance and impact of the events reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":36211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[160,161,232,140],"class_list":["post-36208","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs-upsc","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36208","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36208"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36208\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36216,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36208\/revisions\/36216"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36208"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36208"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36208"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}