{"id":36821,"date":"2024-04-04T12:17:22","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T12:17:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=36821"},"modified":"2024-04-04T12:17:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-04T12:17:23","slug":"directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) in India &#8211; UPSC Economy Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-economy?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Blog+Economy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/17.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/17.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/17-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/17-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) is an important organization in India that deals with trade issues. It works to ensure fair competition and protect Indian industries from unfair trade practices from other countries. DGTR investigates complaints about dumping of goods, subsidies, and other trade barriers that harm Indian businesses. Its main goal is to create a level playing field for Indian industries to compete in the global market. Through its investigations and recommendations, DGTR plays a crucial role in safeguarding the interests of Indian businesses and promoting fair trade practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d3e9c53d4b8\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d3e9c53d4b8\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#Directorate_General_of_Trade_Remedies_DGTR_in_India\" title=\"Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) in India:\">Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) in India:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#Anti-Dumping_and_CVD_Investigations\" title=\"Anti-Dumping and CVD Investigations:\">Anti-Dumping and CVD Investigations:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#Technical_Barriers_to_Trade_TBT_and_Sanitary_and_Phytosanitary_Measures_SPS_in_the_WTO\" title=\"Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) in the WTO:\">Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) in the WTO:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Services_GATS\" title=\"General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS):\">General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#1_What_is_the_Directorate_General_of_Trade_Remedies_DGTR_in_India\" title=\"1. What is the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) in India?\">1. What is the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) in India?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#2_Why_was_DGTR_established\" title=\"2. Why was DGTR established?\">2. Why was DGTR established?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#3_What_does_DGTR_do\" title=\"3. What does DGTR do?\">3. What does DGTR do?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#4_How_does_DGTR_help_Indian_industries\" title=\"4. How does DGTR help Indian industries?\">4. How does DGTR help Indian industries?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#5_How_can_businesses_engage_with_DGTR\" title=\"5. How can businesses engage with DGTR?\">5. How can businesses engage with DGTR?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/directorate-general-of-trade-remedies-dgtr-in-india-upsc-economy-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Directorate_General_of_Trade_Remedies_DGTR_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) in India:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Formation:<\/strong><ul><li>DGTR was established in 2018 as an integrated single window agency for a comprehensive and swift trade defense mechanism in India.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Functions:<\/strong><ul><li>DGTR deals with anti-dumping measures, countervailing duties (CVD), and safeguard measures.<\/li><li>It provides trade defense support to domestic industries and exporters facing trade remedy investigations from other countries.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Trade Remedy Methods:<\/strong><ul><li>DGTR utilizes trade remedial methods under relevant frameworks of WTO arrangements, Customs Tariff Act and Rules, and other international agreements.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Level Playing Field:<\/strong><ul><li>The agency ensures a level playing field for the domestic industry against the adverse impact of unfair trade practices such as dumping and actionable subsidies.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Attachment and Implications:<\/strong><ul><li>DGTR functions as an attached office of the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.<\/li><li>Recommendations for the imposition of remedial duties are made by DGTR, but the final imposition of such duties is carried out by the Ministry of Finance.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Anti-Dumping_and_CVD_Investigations\"><\/span><strong>Anti-Dumping and CVD Investigations:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>When complaints are filed with DGTR, it conducts investigations and makes recommendations to the government for the imposition of remedial duties.<\/li><li>The Ministry of Finance is responsible for the final imposition of such duties.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The establishment of DGTR reflects India&#8217;s commitment to transparent and time-bound trade remedy investigations to protect domestic industries from unfair trade practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Technical_Barriers_to_Trade_TBT_and_Sanitary_and_Phytosanitary_Measures_SPS_in_the_WTO\"><\/span><strong>Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS) in the WTO:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT):<\/strong><ul><li>The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade is an international treaty administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO).<\/li><li>Its purpose is to ensure that technical regulations, standards, testing, and certification procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to international trade.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Objectives of TBT Agreement:<\/strong><ul><li>The TBT agreement aims to prevent the creation of technical requirements with the primary intention of limiting trade.<\/li><li>It distinguishes between legitimate technical requirements for purposes like consumer safety or environmental protection and those created to restrict trade.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Linked Agreement:<\/strong><ul><li>The TBT agreement is closely linked to another WTO agreement, namely the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS):<\/strong><ul><li>The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures is another international treaty within the WTO framework.<\/li><li>SPS constraints are set by the WTO on member-states&#8217; policies related to food safety, which includes issues like bacterial contaminants, pesticides, inspection, and labeling.<\/li><li>It also covers animal and plant health, addressing phytosanitary measures concerning imported pests and diseases.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Interconnection:<\/strong><ul><li>The TBT agreement and the SPS agreement operate in tandem to address different aspects of technical barriers related to trade.<\/li><li>While TBT focuses on technical regulations and standards, SPS specifically deals with measures related to sanitary and phytosanitary concerns.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Overall Goal:<\/strong><ul><li>The overarching goal of both agreements is to facilitate international trade by ensuring that legitimate technical regulations and measures are in place for necessary purposes without unjustifiably hindering the flow of goods and services.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>These agreements collectively contribute to creating a balanced and fair framework for addressing technical barriers and ensuring that member countries adhere to standards that are essential for various aspects of public health, safety, and environmental protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"General_Agreement_on_Trade_in_Services_GATS\"><\/span><strong>General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Overview:<\/strong><ul><li>GATS is the General Agreement on Trade in Services, a key agreement within the World Trade Organization (WTO).<\/li><li>It governs international trade in services among member countries, complementing other WTO agreements like the Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Scope of GATS:<\/strong><ul><li>GATS regulations cover a broad spectrum of economic activities, including but not limited to health care, education, telecommunications, banking, insurance, business process outsourcing (BPO), and tourism.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Expansion of Multilateral Trading System:<\/strong><ul><li>GATS marks a significant expansion of the multilateral trading system into the domain of services. Its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), did not address trade in services.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Most Favored Nation (MFN) Status:<\/strong><ul><li>Similar to the trade in physical goods, GATS members grant each other Most Favored Nation (MFN) status. This implies non-discriminatory trade, offering equal treatment to all member countries.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Negotiations and Requests:<\/strong><ul><li>GATS negotiations are conducted bilaterally among members based on requests and offers.<\/li><li>Any WTO member can make requests in any service sector to another member. These requests seek full market access and national treatment commitments.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Four Modes of Supply:<\/strong><ul><li>GATS covers services delivered through four modes of supply:<ul><li><strong>Mode 1: Cross-border<\/strong><ul><li>Services supplied from the territory of one WTO member to another (e.g., outsourcing).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mode 2: Consumption Abroad<\/strong><ul><li>Services supplied in the territory of one WTO member to consumers of any other member (e.g., tourism, students studying abroad, or patients seeking medical services abroad).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mode 3: Commercial Presence<\/strong><ul><li>Services supplied by a service provider of one WTO member through commercial presence in the territory of another member (e.g., setting up hospitals, banks, or hotels in another country).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Mode 4: Presence of Natural Persons<\/strong><ul><li>Services supplied by a service provider through the presence of natural persons in the territory of another member (e.g., consultants, healthcare workers, software engineers working abroad).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Examples of Modes:<\/strong><ul><li>Mode 1: Outsourcing of services.<\/li><li>Mode 2: Tourism, students studying abroad, or patients seeking medical services abroad.<\/li><li>Mode 3: Setting up commercial entities like hospitals, banks, or hotels in another country.<\/li><li>Mode 4: Presence of natural persons like consultants, healthcare workers, or software engineers working in another country.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_the_Directorate_General_of_Trade_Remedies_DGTR_in_India\"><\/span><strong>1. What is the Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) in India?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DGTR is a government body in India responsible for addressing unfair trade practices and protecting domestic industries from imports that may harm them. It oversees investigations into trade disputes and recommends measures to address them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Why_was_DGTR_established\"><\/span><strong>2. Why was DGTR established?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DGTR was established to ensure a fair playing field for Indian industries in the global market. It aims to protect domestic producers from unfair competition, such as dumping (selling goods below cost) or subsidies provided by foreign governments to their industries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_does_DGTR_do\"><\/span><strong>3. What does DGTR do?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DGTR conducts investigations into alleged unfair trade practices, including dumping and subsidization. It evaluates the impact of such practices on domestic industries and recommends appropriate actions, such as imposing tariffs or quotas, to restore fair competition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_How_does_DGTR_help_Indian_industries\"><\/span><strong>4. How does DGTR help Indian industries?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>DGTR provides a platform for Indian industries to seek redressal against unfair trade practices. By investigating complaints and recommending remedial actions, DGTR helps safeguard the interests of domestic producers, ensuring they can compete fairly in the market.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_How_can_businesses_engage_with_DGTR\"><\/span><strong>5. How can businesses engage with DGTR?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Businesses can approach DGTR to file complaints regarding unfair trade practices affecting their industries. They can also participate in investigations by providing relevant information and evidence. Additionally, businesses can stay updated on DGTR&#8217;s findings and recommendations to understand the trade environment better.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-c6ab63ae-7083-4831-b519-cb89dacafb18\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-52c5a91b-6ed6-46e3-b781-7cc0c63a0b76\">For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-d014fe86-d628-49d8-82ce-6c60dc6e7a73\">For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-38177954-e668-4d8d-b250-d0fbd5a09390\">Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-49ca2fe3-109f-4a88-b72e-9df49c3d328e\"><li>1. 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Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-43ccddc1-5348-445f-ab6b-7baaf29fe58d\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) is an important organization in India that deals with trade issues. It works to ensure fair competition and protect Indian industries from unfair trade practices<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":36825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[209],"tags":[2993,235,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-36821","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economy-notes","tag-directorate-general-of-trade-remedies","tag-economy-notes","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36821"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36826,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36821\/revisions\/36826"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36821"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36821"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}