{"id":36883,"date":"2024-04-05T07:36:38","date_gmt":"2024-04-05T07:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=36883"},"modified":"2024-04-05T07:36:39","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T07:36:39","slug":"animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/","title":{"rendered":"Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Optional Subject &#8211; UPSC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The UPSC Civil Services Examination offers Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science as an optional subject for candidates with a strong background in these fields. This optional subject is divided into two papers, each focusing on distinct areas of veterinary knowledge and animal management. Paper I delves into the core principles of animal nutrition, physiology, reproduction, livestock production and management, and the science of genetics and animal breeding. Paper II dives deeper into the anatomical makeup of animals, explores the use of pharmacology in veterinary medicine, and emphasizes animal hygiene practices. It also covers a range of animal diseases, veterinary public health measures, and the technologies involved in milk and meat production. By comprehensively understanding these topics, candidates can gain a well-rounded knowledge base to excel in the UPSC Mains exam and contribute effectively to the development of animal husbandry practices in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a041cec6ef00\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a041cec6ef00\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_Paper_%E2%80%93_1\" title=\"Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Paper &#8211; 1\">Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Paper &#8211; 1<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#1_Animal_Nutrition\" title=\"1. Animal Nutrition :\">1. Animal Nutrition :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#2_Animal_Physiology\" title=\"2. Animal Physiology :\">2. Animal Physiology :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#3_Animal_Reproduction\" title=\"3. Animal Reproduction :\">3. Animal Reproduction :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#4_Livestock_Production_and_Management\" title=\"4. Livestock Production and Management :\">4. Livestock Production and Management :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#5_Genetics_and_Animal_Breeding\" title=\"5. Genetics and Animal Breeding :\">5. Genetics and Animal Breeding :<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#6_Extension\" title=\"6. Extension :\">6. Extension :<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_Paper_%E2%80%93_2\" title=\"Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Paper &#8211; 2\">Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Paper &#8211; 2<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#1_Anatomy_Pharmacology_and_Hygiene\" title=\"1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene:\">1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#2_Animal_Diseases\" title=\"2. Animal Diseases:\">2. Animal Diseases:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#3_Veterinary_Public_Health\" title=\"3. Veterinary Public Health:\">3. Veterinary Public Health:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#5_Meat_Hygiene_and_Technology\" title=\"5. Meat Hygiene and Technology:\">5. Meat Hygiene and Technology:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#51_Meat_Hygiene\" title=\"5.1 Meat Hygiene\">5.1 Meat Hygiene<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#52_Meat_Technology\" title=\"5.2 Meat Technology\">5.2 Meat Technology<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Q_Is_Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_a_good_optional_subject_for_UPSC\" title=\"Q: Is Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science a good optional subject for UPSC?\">Q: Is Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science a good optional subject for UPSC?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Q_What_is_the_syllabus_for_Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_AHVS_optional_subject\" title=\"Q: What is the syllabus for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (AHVS) optional subject?\">Q: What is the syllabus for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (AHVS) optional subject?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Q_What_are_the_resources_available_for_preparing_for_the_AHVS_optional_subject\" title=\"Q: What are the resources available for preparing for the AHVS optional subject?\">Q: What are the resources available for preparing for the AHVS optional subject?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Q_How_much_time_is_required_to_prepare_for_the_AHVS_optional_subject\" title=\"Q: How much time is required to prepare for the AHVS optional subject?\">Q: How much time is required to prepare for the AHVS optional subject?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Q_What_are_some_tips_for_scoring_well_in_the_AHVS_optional_subject\" title=\"Q: What are some tips for scoring well in the AHVS optional subject?\">Q: What are some tips for scoring well in the AHVS optional subject?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science-optional-subject-upsc\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_Paper_%E2%80%93_1\"><\/span>Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Paper &#8211; 1<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Animal_Nutrition\"><\/span>1. Animal Nutrition :<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon\u2014nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation egg, wool, and meat production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.3 Major and trace minerals\u2014Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fatsoluble and water\u2014soluble vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiency symptoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.4 Feed additives\u2014methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like harmones and antibiotics\u2014latest concepts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control. Digestibility trials\u2014direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in grazing animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Animal_Physiology\"><\/span>2. Animal Physiology :<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in health and disease.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.2 Blood constituents.\u2014Properties and functions-blood cell formation\u2014Haemoglobin synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties, coagulation of blood; Haemorrhagic disorders\u2014anti-coagulants\u2014blood groups\u2014Blood volume\u2014Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.3 Circulation.\u2014Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart\u2014effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressuer and hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.4 Respiration.\u2014Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of respiration-Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.5 Excretion.\u2014Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal functionrenal regulation of acid-base balance : physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinary dysfunction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.6 Endocrine glands.\u2014Functional disorders\u2014their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion\u2014hormonal receptors-classification and function.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.7 Growth and Animal Production.\u2014Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion.\u2014Current status of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs, their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.9 Environmental Physiology.\u2014Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climatology\u2014 various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress on health and production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Animal_Reproduction\"><\/span>3. Animal Reproduction :<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Semen quality.\u2014Preservation and Artificial Insemination\u2014Components of semen, composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Livestock_Production_and_Management\"><\/span>4. Livestock Production and Management :<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.\u2014Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting cost of milk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding young and adult stock; Feeding records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.2 Commercial meat, egg, and wool production.\u2014Development of practical and economic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits, and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, and feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood, and other natural calamities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Genetics_and_Animal_Breeding\"><\/span>5. Genetics and Animal Breeding :<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>5.1 History of Animal Genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance, Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate, Transgenesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.2 Population Genetics Applied to Animal Breeding\u2014Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance, and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X<br>environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; role of multiple measurements; Resemblance between relatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.3 Breeding Systems.\u2014Breeds of Livestock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability, and genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family, and within family selection; Pregnancy testing; Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and correlated response;<br>Inbreeding, outbreeding, upgrading, cross-breeding, and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for threshold characters. Sire index.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Extension\"><\/span>6. Extension :<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Basic philosophy, objectives, concept, and principles of extension. Different Methods were adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer, and feedback. Problems and constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programs for rural development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46428 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/Attempt-our-Daily-Weekly-Current-Affairs-Quiz-now-10-1-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/refer-and-earn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">Refer &amp; Earn NOW<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_Paper_%E2%80%93_2\"><\/span>Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science Paper &#8211; 2<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Anatomy_Pharmacology_and_Hygiene\"><\/span>1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques: Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and H.E. staining\u2014Freezing microtomy\u2014Microscopy Bright field microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell organelles and inclusions; cell division-cell types\u2014Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues\u2014Comparative histology of organs\u2014Vascular, Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculoskeletal, and urogenital systems\u2014Endocrine glands\u2014Integuments\u2014<br>sense organs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.2 Embryology.\u2014Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-fetal membranes and placentation-types of the placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.3 Bovine Anatomy.\u2014Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX\u2014 surface anatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi-tubuloalveolar, mental, and corneal nerve block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudendal nerve, median, ulnar and radial nerve tibial, fibular and digital nerves\u2014Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities-comparative-features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of the mammalian body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.4 Anatomy of Fowl.\u2014Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and flying, digestion and egg production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.5 pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.\u2014Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on the Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anesthesia and dissociative anesthetics. Autocoids. Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in<br>therapeutics\u2014chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in the Edible tissues of animals\u2014chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to \u201cinsecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins, and mycotoxins&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1.6 Veterinary Hygiene concerning water, air, and habitation.\u2014Assessment of pollution of water, air, and soil\u2014Importance of climate in animal health\u2014effect of environment on animal function and performance relationship between industrialization and animal agriculture\u2014animal housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milking cows, broiler birds\u2014stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Animal_Diseases\"><\/span>2. Animal Diseases:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-more lesions, diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goats, horses, pigs, and poultry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig, and poultry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.<br>2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, diarrhea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, and poisoning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.6 Principles and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases\u2014hard immunity\u2014disease-free zones\u2014\u2018zero\u2019 disease concept\u2014chemoprophylaxis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.7 Anaesthesia.\u2014local, regional, and general-prosthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomasal displacement\u2014Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy\u2014Castrations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.8 Disease investigation techniques.\u2014Materials for laboratory investigation\u2014Establishment. Animal Health Centres\u2014Disease-free zone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Veterinary_Public_Health\"><\/span>3. Veterinary Public Health:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>3.1 Zoonoses.\u2014Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of zoonotic diseases\u2014occupational zoonotic diseases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.2 Epidemiology.\u2014Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water and foodborne infections. OIE regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.\u2014Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and prevention of animal diseases\u2014State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal product borne diseases\u2014S.P. C.A.\u2014Veterolegal cases\u2014Certificates\u2014Materials and Methods of collection of samples for veterolegal investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4. Milk and Milk Products Technology:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.1 Market Milk.\u2014Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution, marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparation of cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi and Srikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards. Sanitation requirement for clean and<br>safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.2 Milk Products Technology.\u2014Selection of raw materials, processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee, Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food, lce cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey products, butter milk, lactose and casein. Testing, grading, judging milk products\u2014BIS and Agmark specifications, legal standards, quality control nutritive properties. Packaging processing and operational control.<br>Costing of dairy products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Meat_Hygiene_and_Technology\"><\/span>5. Meat Hygiene and Technology:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"51_Meat_Hygiene\"><\/span>5.1 Meat Hygiene<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspection procedures and judgement of carcass meat cuts\u2014grading of carcass meat cuts\u2014duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat.\u2014Spoilage of meat and control measures\u2014 Post- slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factors that influence them\u2014Quality improvement methods\u2014Adulteration of meat and detection\u2014Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"52_Meat_Technology\"><\/span>5.2 Meat Technology<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat.\u2014Meat emulsions\u2014Methods of preservation of meat\u2014Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat and meat products, processing and formulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.3 By-products.\u2014Slaughter house by-products and their utilisation\u2014Edible and inedible by products\u2014Social and economic implications of proper utilisation of slaughter house by-products\u2014 Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.4 Poultry Products Technology.\u2014Chemical composition and nutritive value of poultry meat, preslaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques, inspection, preservation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BIS standards. Structure composition and nutritive value of eggs Microbial spoilage. Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.5 Rabbit\/Fur Animal farming.\u2014Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilization of fur and wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Is_Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_a_good_optional_subject_for_UPSC\"><\/span>Q: <strong>Is Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science a good optional subject for UPSC?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Animal Husbandry &amp; Veterinary Science (AHVS) is a niche subject in the UPSC CSE Mains exam. It can be a good optional subject for candidates who have a background in veterinary science, animal sciences, or agriculture. AHVS is a scoring subject if you have a strong understanding of the concepts. However, it requires a lot of memorization and can be overwhelming for those from a non-science background.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_is_the_syllabus_for_Animal_Husbandry_and_Veterinary_Science_AHVS_optional_subject\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What is the syllabus for Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science (AHVS) optional subject?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The syllabus for the AHVS optional subject is vast and covers a wide range of topics related to animals, including their nutrition, physiology, reproduction, production, management, genetics, breeding, diseases, and public health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The syllabus is divided into two papers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Paper I:<\/strong>&nbsp;Animal Nutrition, Animal Physiology, Animal Reproduction, Livestock Production &amp; Management, Genetics &amp; Animal Breeding, Extension.<\/li><li><strong>Paper II:<\/strong>&nbsp;Anatomy, Pharmacology &amp; Toxicology, Animal Hygiene &amp; Sanitation, Animal Diseases, Veterinary Public Health, Milk &amp; Milk Products Technology, Meat Science &amp; Hygiene.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_the_resources_available_for_preparing_for_the_AHVS_optional_subject\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What are the resources available for preparing for the AHVS optional subject?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>There are a variety of resources available for preparing for the AHVS optional subject, including standard textbooks, veterinary science journals, UPSC toppers&#8217; notes, online coaching materials, and mock tests. Some recommended resources include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Textbooks by Sisson &amp; Grossman, Parekh, and Mukherjee<\/li><li>The Journal of Animal Science<\/li><li>UPSC toppers&#8217; notes from ALS, Insights, or Vision IAS<\/li><li>Online coaching materials from Byju&#8217;s, Testbook, or Rau&#8217;s IAS<\/li><li>Mock tests from UPSC mock test series offered by various coaching institutes<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_much_time_is_required_to_prepare_for_the_AHVS_optional_subject\"><\/span>Q: <strong>How much time is required to prepare for the AHVS optional subject?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The amount of time required to prepare for the AHVS optional subject will vary depending on the candidate&#8217;s background and level of understanding of the subject. However, it is generally recommended that candidates dedicate at least 6-8 months to preparing for this subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_some_tips_for_scoring_well_in_the_AHVS_optional_subject\"><\/span>Q: <strong>What are some tips for scoring well in the AHVS optional subject?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are some tips for scoring well in the AHVS optional subject:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Develop a strong understanding of the fundamental concepts.<\/li><li>Make a proper study plan and stick to it.<\/li><li>Focus on both breadth and depth of knowledge.<\/li><li>Practice writing answers in the UPSC format.<\/li><li>Revise regularly.<\/li><li>Take mock tests to improve your time management skills.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-c6ab63ae-7083-4831-b519-cb89dacafb18\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-52c5a91b-6ed6-46e3-b781-7cc0c63a0b76\">For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-d014fe86-d628-49d8-82ce-6c60dc6e7a73\">For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-38177954-e668-4d8d-b250-d0fbd5a09390\">Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-49ca2fe3-109f-4a88-b72e-9df49c3d328e\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-43ccddc1-5348-445f-ab6b-7baaf29fe58d\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The UPSC Civil Services Examination offers Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science as an optional subject for candidates with a strong background in these fields. T<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":36885,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2998],"tags":[2999,232,2603,140],"class_list":["post-36883","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-upsc-optional-subject","tag-animal-husbandry-and-veterinary-science","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-optional-subjects","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36883","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36883"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36883\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36886,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36883\/revisions\/36886"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36885"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36883"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36883"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36883"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}