{"id":37387,"date":"2024-04-10T08:32:41","date_gmt":"2024-04-10T08:32:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=37387"},"modified":"2024-04-10T08:32:43","modified_gmt":"2024-04-10T08:32:43","slug":"space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/","title":{"rendered":"Space Treaties &#8211; Outer space treaty, Space Activities Bill, 2017 &#8211; UPSC Science &#038; Technology Notes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-cse-gs-integrated-course?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=GS+Integrated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/8-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Space treaties play a pivotal role in governing human activities beyond Earth&#8217;s atmosphere, ensuring responsible exploration and utilization of outer space while maintaining peace and security among nations. Among these treaties, the Outer Space Treaty stands as a cornerstone, drafted in 1967 to establish fundamental principles governing the exploration and use of outer space. Over the years, as technology advanced and commercial interests in space grew, nations have sought to update and supplement these frameworks. One such example is the Space Activities Bill of 2017, which aimed to regulate space activities and promote safe and sustainable practices in accordance with international law. These treaties and legislative measures reflect the global community&#8217;s commitment to collaborative and peaceful exploration of the cosmos while addressing emerging challenges and opportunities in the space domain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f41b20e49\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d2f41b20e49\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Outer_Space\" title=\"Outer Space:&nbsp;\">Outer Space:&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#The_Proposal_for_a_New_Outer_Space_Treaty\" title=\"The Proposal for a New Outer Space Treaty:&nbsp;\">The Proposal for a New Outer Space Treaty:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Provisions_of_the_Outer_Space_Treaty_1967\" title=\"Provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, 1967:&nbsp;\">Provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, 1967:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Existing_Treaties\" title=\"Existing Treaties:&nbsp;\">Existing Treaties:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Key_Features_of_the_Recommended_Treaty\" title=\"Key Features of the Recommended Treaty:&nbsp;\">Key Features of the Recommended Treaty:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Other_Space_Treaties\" title=\"Other Space Treaties:&nbsp;\">Other Space Treaties:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#The_Space_Activities_Bill_2017\" title=\"The Space Activities Bill, 2017:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">The Space Activities Bill, 2017:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Objectives\" title=\"Objectives:&nbsp;\">Objectives:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Legal_Framework\" title=\"Legal Framework:&nbsp;\">Legal Framework:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Background\" title=\"Background:&nbsp;\">Background:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Salient_Features\" title=\"Salient Features:&nbsp;\">Salient Features:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#1_What_is_the_Outer_Space_Treaty\" title=\"1. What is the Outer Space Treaty?\">1. What is the Outer Space Treaty?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#2_How_does_the_Outer_Space_Treaty_promote_international_cooperation\" title=\"2. How does the Outer Space Treaty promote international cooperation?\">2. How does the Outer Space Treaty promote international cooperation?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#3_What_is_the_significance_of_the_Space_Activities_Bill_2017\" title=\"3. What is the significance of the Space Activities Bill, 2017?\">3. What is the significance of the Space Activities Bill, 2017?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#4_How_does_the_Space_Activities_Bill_balance_innovation_and_safety\" title=\"4. How does the Space Activities Bill balance innovation and safety?\">4. How does the Space Activities Bill balance innovation and safety?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#5_Does_the_Outer_Space_Treaty_address_contemporary_space_challenges\" title=\"5. Does the Outer Space Treaty address contemporary space challenges?\">5. Does the Outer Space Treaty address contemporary space challenges?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/space-treaties-outer-space-treaty-space-activities-bill-2017-upsc-science-technology-notes\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Outer_Space\"><\/span><strong>Outer Space:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Outer space refers to the vast expanse beyond a planet&#8217;s atmosphere, extending approximately 100 kilometers (62 miles) above sea level for Earth. <strong><em>The boundary separating the atmosphere from outer space is known as the Karman line.<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Recent recommendations presented in a UN policy brief titled &#8216;For All Humanity \u2013 The Future of Outer Space Governance&#8217; precede the upcoming UN Summit of the Future. This summit aims to foster multilateral solutions for global governance and envision a better future.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Proposal_for_a_New_Outer_Space_Treaty\"><\/span><strong>The Proposal for a New Outer Space Treaty:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Rationale:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years, significant transformations have unfolded in outer space, including the weaponization of space and a surge in satellite launches. For instance, satellite launches escalated from 210 in 2013 to 2,470 in 2022, propelled by increased private sector involvement. Furthermore, outer space holds vast reserves of valuable metals like platinum, nickel, and cobalt, prompting governments to consider space resource exploitation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Challenges like space debris, comprising over 130 million fragments smaller than one centimeter, underscore the pressing need for international cooperation. Without a shared framework governing space resource exploration, exploitation, and utilization, conflicts may arise, posing risks of environmental degradation and cultural loss.<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The proposed treaty aims to establish international norms, rules, and principles to govern outer space effectively, foster innovation, and mitigate risks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Provisions_of_the_Outer_Space_Treaty_1967\"><\/span><strong>Provisions of the Outer Space Treaty, 1967:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Basic Framework: The treaty establishes the fundamental principles of international space law.\u00a0<\/li><li>Benefit of All Mankind: Outer space exploration and use are to benefit and serve the interests of all nations and humanity as a whole.\u00a0<\/li><li>Free Exploration: Outer space is open for exploration and use by all countries.\u00a0<\/li><li>No National Appropriation: Outer space cannot be claimed by any nation as sovereign territory, nor can it be occupied or used for national gain.\u00a0<\/li><li>Ban on Weapons: The placement of nuclear weapons or any other weapons of mass destruction in orbit or on celestial bodies is prohibited.\u00a0<\/li><li>Peaceful Use of Celestial Bodies: The Moon and other celestial bodies are to be used exclusively for peaceful purposes.\u00a0<\/li><li>Status of Astronauts: Astronauts are considered as representatives of humanity.\u00a0<\/li><li>Responsibility for Space Activities: States are responsible for all space activities conducted by governmental or non-governmental entities within their jurisdiction.\u00a0<\/li><li>Liability for Damage: States are liable for any damage caused by their space objects.\u00a0<\/li><li>Prevention of Harmful Contamination: States must take measures to prevent harmful contamination of outer space and celestial bodies.\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Existing_Treaties\"><\/span><strong>Existing Treaties:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Historically, efforts to regulate outer space activities include the establishment of the <strong><em>Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space by the UN in 1959. Subsequently, in 1963, nations agreed to ban nuclear weapons testing in outer space. The 1967 Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space, <\/em><\/strong>including the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, prohibits weapons of mass destruction but not conventional weapons.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2022, UN members endorsed guidelines addressing space debris mitigation, nuclear power source safety, sustainability of outer space activities, and transparency measures.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Key_Features_of_the_Recommended_Treaty\"><\/span><strong>Key Features of the Recommended Treaty:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The proposed treaty integrates both binding and non-binding norms to address emerging risks to outer space security, safety, and sustainability. It will deliberate crucial legal issues such as jurisdiction, control, liability, and environmental pollution responsibility across generations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Additionally, the treaty seeks to prevent armed conflict in outer space and forestall its weaponization. It advocates for effective coordination of space situational awareness, object maneuvers, and events. Furthermore, the treaty envisions a framework for sustainable exploration, exploitation, and utilization of the Moon and other celestial bodies for the collective benefit of humanity.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Other_Space_Treaties\"><\/span><strong>Other Space Treaties:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS) functions as the principal body tasked with the development of International Space Law, culminating in the establishment of five key international treaties:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The \u201cMoon Agreement\u201d: Designed to govern the activities of states on the moon.\u00a0<\/li><li>The \u201cLiability Convention\u201d: Establishes international liability for damages caused by space objects.\u00a0<\/li><li>The \u201cOuter Space Treaty\u201d: Regulates the activities of states in outer space.\u00a0<\/li><li>The \u201cRescue Agreement\u201d: Facilitates the return and rescue of astronauts and objects launched into outer space.\u00a0<\/li><li>The \u201cRegistration Convention\u201d: Mandates the registration of objects launched into outer space.\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) acts as the secretariat for COPUOS, responsible for implementing the Secretary-General\u2019s duties under international space law, including maintaining the United Nations register of objects launched into outer space.<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>The Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO)<\/em><\/strong> operates as an intergovernmental organization with full international legal status, headquartered in Beijing, China. Member states include Bangladesh, China, Iran, Mongolia, Pakistan, Turkey, Peru, and Thailand, while Mexico holds observer status and Indonesia is a signatory. A primary objective of APSCO is to foster collaboration among member states by facilitating data sharing, space object tracking, and the establishment of a space communication network.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42412 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/10-585x137.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1280px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1280\/300;\" \/><\/a><figcaption><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Link&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\">UPSC Essay Course<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Space_Activities_Bill_2017\"><\/span><strong>The Space Activities Bill, 2017:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The burgeoning interest of the private sector coupled with the imperative need for structured growth in the space domain necessitates the establishment of a robust legal framework. Recognizing this imperative, the Space Activities Bill, 2017, aims to regulate and promote India&#8217;s space endeavors while encouraging the active participation of non-governmental and private sector entities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Objectives\"><\/span><strong>Objectives:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The primary objective of the Space Activities Bill is to foster and regulate India&#8217;s space activities by facilitating the involvement of non-governmental and private sector agencies under the guidance and authorization of the government, administered through the Department of Space.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Legal_Framework\"><\/span><strong>Legal Framework:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>At the international level, outer space activities are governed by treaties and principles formulated by the UN Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS). India, as a signatory to the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, upholds its commitments. The Constitution of India empowers the implementation of international treaty obligations through Articles 51 and 253, while granting Parliament residual legislative powers over unenumerated matters.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Background\"><\/span><strong>Background:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The absence of a structured framework has hindered independent private participation in space activities, creating challenges related to transparency, licensing timelines, and continuous supervision mechanisms. Addressing these issues is imperative to bolster initiatives like &#8216;Make in India&#8217; and encourage Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the space sector.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Salient_Features\"><\/span><strong>Salient Features:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Applicability: The Space Activities Bill extends to all citizens of India and sectors engaged in space activities within or outside the country.\u00a0<\/li><li>Licensing: The Central Government shall issue non-transferable licenses for commercial space activities, ensuring adherence to eligibility criteria and prescribed fees.\u00a0<\/li><li>Registry Maintenance: A register of space objects launched or intended for launch around the Earth shall be maintained, with the Central Government formulating mechanisms for licensing and registration.\u00a0<\/li><li>Regulatory Oversight: The Bill mandates the provision of professional and technical support for commercial space activities, along with regulating conduct, operation, and safety standards.\u00a0<\/li><li>Incident Investigation: It empowers authorities to investigate incidents or accidents related to space activities, ensuring adherence to safety protocols.\u00a0<\/li><li>Technology Sharing: Details regarding pricing of products derived from space activities and related technologies shall be shared with prescribed entities.\u00a0<\/li><li>Enforcement: Unauthorized commercial space activities shall attract penalties, including imprisonment and fines exceeding \u20b91 crore, to deter non-compliance.\u00a0<\/li><li>Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Protection: Provisions for safeguarding IPR arising from space activities are enshrined within the Bill.\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>The Space Activities Bill, 2017, thus embodies a comprehensive legal framework designed to facilitate responsible, transparent, and orderly growth in India&#8217;s space sector, while safeguarding national interests and promoting innovation and collaboration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_What_is_the_Outer_Space_Treaty\"><\/span><strong>1. What is the Outer Space Treaty?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Outer Space Treaty, adopted by the United Nations in 1967, is a foundational document governing activities in outer space. It outlines principles such as the peaceful use of outer space, prohibition of placing weapons of mass destruction in orbit, and the responsibility of states for national space activities.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_How_does_the_Outer_Space_Treaty_promote_international_cooperation\"><\/span><strong>2. How does the Outer Space Treaty promote international cooperation?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The treaty encourages international cooperation by emphasizing the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes. It promotes the exchange of scientific information and collaboration on space missions among nations, fostering a spirit of mutual benefit and advancement in space exploration.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_What_is_the_significance_of_the_Space_Activities_Bill_2017\"><\/span><strong>3. What is the significance of the Space Activities Bill, 2017?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Space Activities Bill, enacted in 2017 by certain countries, serves as domestic legislation to regulate space activities conducted by private entities within their jurisdictions. It outlines licensing procedures, safety measures, and liability frameworks to govern commercial space ventures, ensuring responsible and orderly conduct in the burgeoning space industry.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_How_does_the_Space_Activities_Bill_balance_innovation_and_safety\"><\/span><strong>4. How does the Space Activities Bill balance innovation and safety?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Space Activities Bill establishes regulatory frameworks to encourage innovation while prioritizing safety and environmental protection. By requiring licenses for space activities, it enables governments to assess and mitigate potential risks associated with launches, satellite deployments, and other space operations, fostering a sustainable and secure space environment.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Does_the_Outer_Space_Treaty_address_contemporary_space_challenges\"><\/span><strong>5. Does the Outer Space Treaty address contemporary space challenges?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>While the Outer Space Treaty remains a cornerstone of space law, some argue that it needs updates to address modern challenges such as space debris, commercial exploitation of space resources, and military activities in space. International discussions continue on how to adapt existing frameworks or develop new agreements to address these evolving concerns while upholding the principles of peaceful and cooperative use of outer space.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Space treaties play a pivotal role in governing human activities beyond Earth&#8217;s atmosphere, ensuring responsible exploration and utilization of outer space<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":37389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[279],"tags":[376,3092,232,213,140],"class_list":["post-37387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science-and-technology-general-studies","tag-science-and-technology","tag-space-treaties","tag-upsc","tag-upsc-notes","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37387","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37387"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37387\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37390,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37387\/revisions\/37390"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37387"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37387"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37387"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}