{"id":37756,"date":"2024-04-15T11:55:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T11:55:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=37756"},"modified":"2024-04-15T11:55:52","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T11:55:52","slug":"reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/","title":{"rendered":"Reviving India\u2019s research and development (R&#038;D) Funding &#8211; UPSC"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-current-affairs?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Current+Affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Reviving India&#8217;s research and development (R&amp;D) funding is paramount for the nation&#8217;s progress in innovation and technological advancement. Historically, India has made significant strides in various fields, from space exploration to pharmaceuticals. However, sustaining this momentum requires substantial investment in R&amp;D. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to bolster funding for research initiatives across sectors. With increased funding, India can foster a culture of innovation, attract top talent, and address pressing societal challenges while positioning itself as a global leader in science and technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags:GS-3-Indigenization of Technology- IT&amp; Computers- Space Technology- Robotics- Artificial Intelligence,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 GS Paper &#8211; 2 Government Policies &amp; Interventions<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For Prelims:<\/strong> Science and Engineering Research Board of India, Climate Change, GDP, National Research Foundation, Deep Tech Startups, Deep Tech, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Internet of Things, Big Data, Quantum Computing.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>For Mains: <\/strong>Sustainable Funding for Scientific Growth, Issues of inadequate Private Sector Involvement in R &amp; D.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d8d2a8f1f49\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d8d2a8f1f49\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Context\" title=\"Context:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Context:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#What_Are_the_Different_Positive_Aspects_of_R_D_Funding_in_India\" title=\"What Are the Different Positive Aspects of R&amp;D Funding in India?&nbsp;\">What Are the Different Positive Aspects of R&amp;D Funding in India?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#What_Are_the_Different_Concerns_in_R_D_Funding_in_India\" title=\"What Are the Different Concerns in R&amp;D Funding in India?&nbsp;\">What Are the Different Concerns in R&amp;D Funding in India?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Less_Contribution_by_the_Private_Sector\" title=\"Less Contribution by the Private Sector:\u00a0\">Less Contribution by the Private Sector:\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Private_Sector_Contribution_in_Developed_Economies\" title=\"Private Sector Contribution in Developed Economies:&nbsp;\">Private Sector Contribution in Developed Economies:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Under-Utilisation_of_Allocated_Funds\" title=\"Under-Utilisation of Allocated Funds:&nbsp;\">Under-Utilisation of Allocated Funds:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#State_Governments_not_Allocating_Adequate_Funds\" title=\"State Governments not Allocating Adequate Funds:&nbsp;\">State Governments not Allocating Adequate Funds:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#What_are_the_Various_Steps_Needed_to_Enhance_R_D_Funding_in_India\" title=\"What are the Various Steps Needed to Enhance R&amp;D Funding in India?&nbsp;\">What are the Various Steps Needed to Enhance R&amp;D Funding in India?&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Ensuring_the_Increased_Role_for_HEIs_in_India\" title=\"Ensuring the Increased Role for HEIs in India:&nbsp;\">Ensuring the Increased Role for HEIs in India:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Bridging_the_Gaps_Between_Indias_Manufacturing_Reality_and_Aspirations\" title=\"Bridging the Gaps Between India\u2019s Manufacturing Reality and Aspirations:&nbsp;\">Bridging the Gaps Between India\u2019s Manufacturing Reality and Aspirations:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Mandating_Proper_Utilisation_of_Allocated_Funds\" title=\"Mandating Proper Utilisation of Allocated Funds:&nbsp;\">Mandating Proper Utilisation of Allocated Funds:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Prioritising_Expenditure_Through_State_Governments\" title=\"Prioritising Expenditure Through State Governments:&nbsp;\">Prioritising Expenditure Through State Governments:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion:&nbsp;&nbsp;\">Conclusion:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#UPSC_Civil_Services_Examination_Previous_Year_Question_PYQ\" title=\"UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ)\u00a0\">UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ)\u00a0<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Prelims\" title=\"Prelims:&nbsp;\">Prelims:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#FAQs\" title=\"FAQs\">FAQs<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Q1_Why_is_reviving_Indias_R_D_funding_crucial\" title=\"Q1: Why is reviving India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding crucial?\">Q1: Why is reviving India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding crucial?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Q2_How_has_Indias_R_D_funding_landscape_evolved_in_recent_years\" title=\"Q2: How has India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding landscape evolved in recent years?\">Q2: How has India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding landscape evolved in recent years?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Q3_What_are_the_primary_obstacles_hindering_Indias_R_D_funding_growth\" title=\"Q3: What are the primary obstacles hindering India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding growth?\">Q3: What are the primary obstacles hindering India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding growth?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Q4_How_can_India_incentivize_private_sector_investment_in_R_D\" title=\"Q4: How can India incentivize private sector investment in R&amp;D?\">Q4: How can India incentivize private sector investment in R&amp;D?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Q5_What_strategies_should_India_adopt_to_enhance_R_D_funding_sustainability\" title=\"Q5: What strategies should India adopt to enhance R&amp;D funding sustainability?\">Q5: What strategies should India adopt to enhance R&amp;D funding sustainability?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\" title=\"In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;\">In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/reviving-indias-research-and-development-rd-funding-upsc\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here\">Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Context\"><\/span><strong>Context:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>India&#8217;s research and development (R&amp;D) sector has experienced notable growth, marked by a substantial rise in Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This gap is primarily attributed to India&#8217;s comparatively low investment in R&amp;D as a percentage of its GDP.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The announcement in the interim Budget for 2024-25, of a corpus of Rs 1 lakh crore to bolster the research and innovation ecosystem within the country, has sparked enthusiasm within the scientific and research communities.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Different_Positive_Aspects_of_R_D_Funding_in_India\"><\/span><strong>What Are the Different Positive Aspects of R&amp;D Funding in India?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Powerhouse in Producing Academic Talent:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Annually, India generates an impressive 40,813 PhDs, ranking third globally after the United States and China. This reflects India\u2019s commitment to fostering intellectual capital and contributing significantly to global research endeavours.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Additionally, India\u2019s research output remains substantial, ranking third globally with over 3,00,000 publications in 2022.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>Commendable Performance in Patent Grants:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>India demonstrates commendable performance in patent grants, securing the sixth position globally with 30,490 patents granted in 2022.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>While this figure is lower compared to the U.S. and China, it underscores India\u2019s evolving innovation landscape and its potential for further growth in intellectual property creation.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li><strong>Emphasis on Autonomous R&amp;D Laboratories and Institutions:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>According to the R&amp;D statistics (2022-23) of the Department of Science and Technology, India\u2019s total investment in R&amp;D reached USD17.2 billion in 2020-21.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Within this sum, 54% (USD 9.4 billion) is allocated to the government sector and predominantly utilised by four key scientific agencies:&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) (30.7%)&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Department of Space (18.4%)&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) (12.4%)&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Department of Atomic Energy (11.4%)&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\"><li><strong>Provisions in Interim Budget 2024-25:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A corpus of Rs.1 lakh crore to be established with a fifty-year interest-free loan to provide long-term financing or refinancing with long tenors and low or nil interest rates.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>A new scheme to be launched for strengthening deep-tech technologies for defence purposes and expediting &#8216;atma nirbharta&#8217; is also mooted.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Are_the_Different_Concerns_in_R_D_Funding_in_India\"><\/span><strong>What Are the Different Concerns in R&amp;D Funding in India?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Low R&amp;D Investment as Percentage of GDP:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>India\u2019s R&amp;D sector is experiencing significant growth, evidenced by a notable increase in Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) from Rs 6,01,968 million in 2010-11 to Rs 12,73,810 million in 2020-21.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, despite this growth, India&#8217;s R&amp;D investment as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) remains low at 0.64%.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>This places India behind major developed and emerging economies such as China (2.4%), Germany (3.1%), South Korea (4.8%), and the United States (3.5%).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"256\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-53.png\" alt=\"R &amp; D \" class=\"wp-image-37757 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-53.png 602w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-53-585x249.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/256;\" \/><figcaption>R &amp; D <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Less_Contribution_by_the_Private_Sector\"><\/span><strong>Less Contribution by the Private Sector:\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In India, the Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD) is primarily driven by the government sector, including the central government (43.7%), State governments (6.7%), Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) (8.8%), and the public sector industry (4.4%), with the private sector industry contributing only 36.4% during 2020\u201321.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The reasons for this disparity, despite the government&#8217;s recognition of the need for increased R&amp;D spending, are not clear. It may stem from a lack of coordination between government agencies and a need for stronger political will to prioritise R&amp;D expenses.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Private_Sector_Contribution_in_Developed_Economies\"><\/span><strong>Private Sector Contribution in Developed Economies:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Indian businesses contribute approximately USD 6.2 billion, representing 37% of the country\u2019s GERD, in contrast to the global trend where business enterprises typically contribute over 65% of R&amp;D.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>In leading innovative economies such as China, Japan, South Korea, and the U.S., a significant portion (&gt;70%) of R&amp;D funding comes from private industries, driven by market forces and profit motives. The actual R&amp;D activities are often conducted in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs).&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Under-Utilisation_of_Allocated_Funds\"><\/span><strong>Under-Utilisation of Allocated Funds:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2022-2023, the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) used only 72% of its estimated budget allocation on Centrally Sponsored Schemes (CSSs)\/Projects, while the DST used only 61%.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), which receives the lowest allocation for CSSs, spent 69% of its allocation.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The reasons for under-utilisation, as with the under-allocation, are unclear and may indicate tedious bureaucratic processes for approving disbursements,&nbsp;<\/li><li>A lack of capacity to evaluate projects or clear utilisation certificates.&nbsp;<\/li><li>A lack of prioritisation for science funding by the Ministry of Finance.&nbsp;<\/li><li>inadequate planning or implementation strategy for the requested funds by the Ministry of Science and Technology.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"State_Governments_not_Allocating_Adequate_Funds\"><\/span><strong>State Governments not Allocating Adequate Funds:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The RBI\u2019s report, &#8220;State Finances: A Study of Budgets of 2023-24,&#8221; included a section devoted to the research and development (R&amp;D) spending of State governments.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The study covered only 10 out of 36 States and Union Territories, indicating that research is not a priority for most States.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>The annual spending on research was also quite small in most States, averaging 0.09% of the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). However, Rajasthan emerged as an outlier in this regard.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"446\" height=\"477\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-54.png\" alt=\"Allotment for Research &amp; Development\" class=\"wp-image-37758 lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 446px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 446\/477;\" \/><figcaption>Allotment for Research &amp; Development<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Various_Steps_Needed_to_Enhance_R_D_Funding_in_India\"><\/span><strong>What are the Various Steps Needed to Enhance R&amp;D Funding in India?<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Encouraging Private Sector Collaboration:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>India\u2019s R&amp;D ecosystem boasts efficiency but could further benefit from robust private sector involvement and enhanced industry-academia collaboration, promoting knowledge transfer and fostering innovation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The 2013 Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy highlighted the national goal of increasing Gross Expenditure on R&amp;D (GERD) to 2% of GDP, a sentiment reiterated in the 2017-2018 Economic Survey&#8217;s chapter on science and technology transformation.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Incentivizing private investment through measures such as relaxing foreign direct investment (FDI) regulations, offering tax incentives, and providing clear regulatory pathways for products can bolster investor confidence.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>Increasing R&amp;D Expenditure as Percentage of GDP:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Research and innovation are pivotal for economic growth, technological advancement, and global competitiveness. However, India&#8217;s current R&amp;D funding landscape and resulting output warrant evaluation.\u00a0<\/li><li>In 2021, OECD member countries allocated an average of 2.7% of GDP to R&amp;D. Over the past decade, the U.S. and the U.K. have consistently spent over 2% of GDP on R&amp;D.\u00a0<\/li><li>Experts advocate for India to allocate at least 1%, preferably 3%, of its GDP annually until 2047 to R&amp;D to significantly impact development through scientific advancements.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"320\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-55.png\" alt=\"Research Productivity and Innovation metrics \" class=\"wp-image-37759 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-55.png 602w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/image-55-585x311.png 585w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 602px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 602\/320;\" \/><figcaption>Research Productivity and Innovation metrics <\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ensuring_the_Increased_Role_for_HEIs_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Ensuring the Increased Role for HEIs in India:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>HEIs in India currently play a relatively minor role in overall R&amp;D investment, contributing 8.8% (USD 1.5 billion).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>Addressing this issue requires a nuanced approach, as increasing industry participation in R&amp;D is multifaceted and lacks a singular solution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li><li>A comprehensive strategy involving various stakeholders is essential to tackle challenges and unleash R&amp;D potential for India&#8217;s economic growth and competitiveness through HEIs.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Bridging_the_Gaps_Between_Indias_Manufacturing_Reality_and_Aspirations\"><\/span><strong>Bridging the Gaps Between India\u2019s Manufacturing Reality and Aspirations:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Initiatives like the National Deep Tech Startup Policy (NDTSP) demonstrate a strong commitment to technological progress and innovation, potentially incentivizing private sector engagement in India\u2019s R&amp;D ecosystem.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Despite the considerable time and technical challenges involved in Deep Tech innovation, allocating resources to protect intellectual property and address technical hurdles can unlock new markets.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The recent enactment of the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) Act, 2023 underscores the government\u2019s commitment to catalysing research and innovation as the cornerstone of development.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This legislative move will enhance scientific research nationwide, aiming to bridge India\u2019s persistent R&amp;D investment gap while fostering a robust research culture within HEIs.&nbsp;<\/li><li>However, this initiative must overcome challenges such as ensuring equitable fund distribution, promoting interdisciplinary collaborations, and upholding global standards.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mandating_Proper_Utilisation_of_Allocated_Funds\"><\/span><strong>Mandating Proper Utilisation of Allocated Funds:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Union Ministry of Science and Technology has consistently underutilised its budget. Strengthening budget utilisation is crucial alongside calls for increased funding through both government and private sources.\u00a0<\/li><li>Mitigating under-spending and underutilization of funds earmarked for R&amp;D are vital initial steps, requiring political prioritisation of R&amp;D spending and recognition of its significance in India\u2019s growth journey.\u00a0<\/li><li>Furthermore, India needs bureaucratic capacity to evaluate and monitor science projects post-allocation, a prerequisite for India&#8217;s goal to become a scientific powerhouse by 2047.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prioritising_Expenditure_Through_State_Governments\"><\/span><strong>Prioritising Expenditure Through State Governments:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Public sector R&amp;D expenses, particularly at the State level, need to increase to enhance research facility quality at State universities. This improvement is tied to researchers&#8217; freedom to address locally relevant issues.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Increased expenditure is also necessary to alleviate the bottleneck preventing research from transitioning from the lab to the factory floor. Innovation&#8217;s value is limited without this transition, restricting advancements to lower quality.&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion:&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hence, government efforts aim to boost R&amp;D spending in India, guiding research, innovation, and entrepreneurship while promoting private sector engagement. Despite significant growth, India&#8217;s low R&amp;D investment as a percentage of GDP compared to major economies is concerning. The interim Budget, 2024-25, along with initiatives like NDTSP and ANRF Act, 2023, signal India&#8217;s commitment to incentivizing private sector-led research and innovation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"UPSC_Civil_Services_Examination_Previous_Year_Question_PYQ\"><\/span><strong>UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong>\u00a0<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Prelims\"><\/span><strong>Prelims:<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q.1 Which of the following statements is\/are correct regarding National Innovation Foundation-India (NIF)? (2015)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>NIF is an autonomous body of the Department of Science and Technology under the Central Government.\u00a0<\/li><li>NIF is an initiative to strengthen the highly advanced scientific research in India\u2019s premier scientific institutions in collaboration with highly advanced foreign scientific institutions.\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Select the correct answer using the code given below:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>1 only\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>2 only\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Both 1 and 2\u00a0<\/li><li>Neither 1 nor 2\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ans: (a)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q.2 For outstanding contribution to which one of the following fields is Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize given? (2009)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Literature\u00a0<\/li><li>Performing Arts\u00a0<\/li><li>Science\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Social Service\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ans: (c)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Q.3 Atal Innovation Mission is set up under the (2019)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Department of Science and Technology\u00a0<\/li><li>Ministry of Labour and Employment\u00a0<\/li><li>NITI Aayog\u00a0<\/li><li>Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship\u00a0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ans: (c)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong><strong>: (<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/indias-rd-funding-breaking-down-the-numbers\/article67947662.ece#:~:text=India's%20R%26D%20is%20witnessing%20significant,73%2C810%20million%20in%202020%2D21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>TH<\/strong><\/a><strong>)<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span>FAQs<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q1_Why_is_reviving_Indias_R_D_funding_crucial\"><\/span>Q1: Why is reviving India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding crucial? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A1: Reviving India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding is crucial because it fosters innovation, drives economic growth, and enhances competitiveness on a global scale. It enables the country to develop cutting-edge technologies, address societal challenges, and create high-value jobs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q2_How_has_Indias_R_D_funding_landscape_evolved_in_recent_years\"><\/span>Q2: How has India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding landscape evolved in recent years? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A2: India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding landscape has seen improvements, but challenges remain. While government initiatives like the Atal Innovation Mission and increased public-private partnerships have bolstered funding, there&#8217;s still a gap in overall investment compared to global leaders. Private sector contributions need encouragement to match public funding efforts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q3_What_are_the_primary_obstacles_hindering_Indias_R_D_funding_growth\"><\/span>Q3: What are the primary obstacles hindering India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding growth? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A3: Several obstacles impede India&#8217;s R&amp;D funding growth, including bureaucratic red tape, a lack of risk capital availability, insufficient industry-academia collaboration, and limited incentives for private sector investment in research. Addressing these challenges requires comprehensive policy reforms and a conducive ecosystem for innovation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q4_How_can_India_incentivize_private_sector_investment_in_R_D\"><\/span>Q4: How can India incentivize private sector investment in R&amp;D? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A4: India can incentivize private sector investment in R&amp;D through measures such as tax incentives, R&amp;D grants, intellectual property protection, and fostering a culture of innovation within corporations. Public-private partnerships can also facilitate knowledge exchange and resource sharing, enhancing R&amp;D outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q5_What_strategies_should_India_adopt_to_enhance_R_D_funding_sustainability\"><\/span>Q5: What strategies should India adopt to enhance R&amp;D funding sustainability? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A5: To enhance R&amp;D funding sustainability, India should prioritize long-term investment in science and technology, streamline regulatory processes to facilitate innovation, allocate a higher percentage of GDP to R&amp;D, and promote interdisciplinary research collaborations. Additionally, fostering a supportive ecosystem for startups and SMEs can drive innovation and attract investment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-c6ab63ae-7083-4831-b519-cb89dacafb18\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In_case_you_still_have_your_doubts_contact_us_on_9811333901\"><\/span><strong>In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.<\/strong>&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-52c5a91b-6ed6-46e3-b781-7cc0c63a0b76\">For UPSC Prelims Resources,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Click here<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-d014fe86-d628-49d8-82ce-6c60dc6e7a73\">For Daily Updates and Study Material:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-38177954-e668-4d8d-b250-d0fbd5a09390\">Join our Telegram Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\" id=\"block-49ca2fe3-109f-4a88-b72e-9df49c3d328e\"><li>1. Learn through Videos &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3vOD8sU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>2. Be Exam Ready by Practicing Daily MCQs &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3Q9z2nF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>3. Daily Newsletter &#8211; Get all your Current Affairs Covered &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3bE2y5J\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><li>4. Mains Answer Writing Practice &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3mZuVxl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"block-43ccddc1-5348-445f-ab6b-7baaf29fe58d\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel &#8211;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reviving India&#8217;s research and development (R&#038;D) funding is paramount for the nation&#8217;s progress in innovation and technological advancement<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":37760,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[161,3168,232,140],"class_list":["post-37756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs-upsc","tag-research-and-development","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37756","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37756"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37756\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37798,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37756\/revisions\/37798"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37756"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37756"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37756"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}