{"id":42938,"date":"2024-06-27T11:45:17","date_gmt":"2024-06-27T11:45:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/?p=42938"},"modified":"2024-06-27T11:45:19","modified_gmt":"2024-06-27T11:45:19","slug":"upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Daily Current Affairs &#8211; 26th June 2024 &#8211; Edukemy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-current-affairs?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Current+Affairs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19.png 1280w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19-1170x274.png 1170w, https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/19-585x137.png 585w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services examination. Our focus today includes a critical analysis of recent policy changes, international affairs, and national developments, all of which play a pivotal role in shaping the socio-political and economic landscape of India. Stay informed and stay ahead in your UPSC preparations with our daily current affairs updates, as we provide you with concise, well-researched insights to help you connect the dots between contemporary events and the broader canvas of the civil services syllabus.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_73 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d51fb491065\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d51fb491065\"  \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#PESA_has_boosted_forest_conservation_in_India\" title=\"PESA has boosted forest conservation in India\">PESA has boosted forest conservation in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_news\" title=\"Why in the news ?\">Why in the news ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_is_the_PESA_Act\" title=\"What is the PESA Act?\">What is the PESA Act?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#About\" title=\"About:\">About:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Implementation_of_PESA\" title=\"Implementation of PESA:\">Implementation of PESA:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#How_PESA_Ensures_Equitable_Representation\" title=\"How PESA Ensures Equitable Representation:\">How PESA Ensures Equitable Representation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#On_Democratic_Decentralisation\" title=\"On Democratic Decentralisation:\">On Democratic Decentralisation:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Conclusion\" title=\"Conclusion:&nbsp;\">Conclusion:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Government_Offers_Ten_New_Critical_Mineral_Blocks\" title=\"Government Offers Ten New Critical Mineral Blocks\">Government Offers Ten New Critical Mineral Blocks<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_news-2\" title=\"Why in the news ?\">Why in the news ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_are_the_Critical_minerals\" title=\"What are the Critical minerals ?\">What are the Critical minerals ?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Characteristics_of_Critical_Minerals\" title=\"Characteristics of Critical Minerals:\">Characteristics of Critical Minerals:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Examples_of_Critical_Minerals\" title=\"Examples of Critical Minerals:\">Examples of Critical Minerals:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Indias_Critical_Minerals_Policy\" title=\"India\u2019s Critical Minerals Policy:\">India\u2019s Critical Minerals Policy:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Government_Offers_Ten_New_Critical_Mineral_Blocks-2\" title=\"Government Offers Ten New Critical Mineral Blocks:\">Government Offers Ten New Critical Mineral Blocks:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#ISROs_Reusable_Launch_Vehicle_%E2%80%98Pushpak\" title=\"ISRO\u2019s Reusable Launch Vehicle \u2018Pushpak\u2019\">ISRO\u2019s Reusable Launch Vehicle \u2018Pushpak\u2019<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_News\" title=\"Why in the News?\">Why in the News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_is_an_RLV_and_How_is_it_Different_from_Other_Launch_Vehicles\" title=\"What is an RLV and How is it Different from Other Launch Vehicles?\">What is an RLV and How is it Different from Other Launch Vehicles?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Note\" title=\"Note:&nbsp;\">Note:&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_is_the_Significance_of_RLVs\" title=\"What is the Significance of RLVs?\">What is the Significance of RLVs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_is_the_History_of_ISROs_RLV_Missions\" title=\"What is the History of ISRO\u2019s RLV Missions?\">What is the History of ISRO\u2019s RLV Missions?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_are_the_RLV_LEX_Missions\" title=\"What are the RLV LEX Missions?\">What are the RLV LEX Missions?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#J_Ks_Enemy_Agents_Ordinance\" title=\"J&amp;K\u2019s Enemy Agents Ordinance\">J&amp;K\u2019s Enemy Agents Ordinance<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_News-2\" title=\"Why in the News?\">Why in the News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_is_the_Background_of_the_J_K_Enemy_Agents_Ordinance\" title=\"What is the Background of the J&amp;K Enemy Agents Ordinance?\">What is the Background of the J&amp;K Enemy Agents Ordinance?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#What_are_the_Salient_Provisions_of_the_J_K_Enemy_Agents_Ordinance\" title=\"What are the Salient Provisions of the J&amp;K Enemy Agents Ordinance?\">What are the Salient Provisions of the J&amp;K Enemy Agents Ordinance?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Conclusion-2\" title=\"Conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-28\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Lithium_Mining_in_India\" title=\"Lithium Mining in India\">Lithium Mining in India<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-29\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_News-3\" title=\"Why in the News?\">Why in the News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-30\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#About_Lithium\" title=\"About Lithium:\">About Lithium:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-31\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Applications_of_Lithium\" title=\"Applications of Lithium:\">Applications of Lithium:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-32\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Where_is_Lithium_Found_Naturally\" title=\"Where is Lithium Found Naturally?\">Where is Lithium Found Naturally?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-33\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Future_of_Lithium_Production\" title=\"Future of Lithium Production:\">Future of Lithium Production:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-34\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Lithium_Mining_in_India-2\" title=\"Lithium Mining in India:\">Lithium Mining in India:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-35\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Kerala_Assembly_Passes_Resolution_to_Change_States_Name\" title=\"Kerala Assembly Passes Resolution to Change State&#8217;s Name\">Kerala Assembly Passes Resolution to Change State&#8217;s Name<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-36\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_News-4\" title=\"Why in the News?\">Why in the News?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-37\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Process_of_Changing_the_Name_of_a_State\" title=\"Process of Changing the Name of a State:\">Process of Changing the Name of a State:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-38\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Resolution_Passed_by_the_Kerala_Assembly\" title=\"Resolution Passed by the Kerala Assembly:\">Resolution Passed by the Kerala Assembly:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-39\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#About-2\" title=\"About:\">About:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-40\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_Keralam\" title=\"Why Keralam:\">Why Keralam:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-41\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Story_of_Statehood\" title=\"Story of Statehood:\">Story of Statehood:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-42\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Poori_Padhai_Desh_Ki_Bhalai\" title=\"Poori Padhai Desh Ki Bhalai\">Poori Padhai Desh Ki Bhalai<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-43\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_news-3\" title=\"Why in the news ?\">Why in the news ?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-44\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Status_of_Female_Education_in_India\" title=\"Status of Female Education in India:\">Status of Female Education in India:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-45\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Challenges_Faced_by_Females_in_Accessing_Education\" title=\"Challenges Faced by Females in Accessing Education:\">Challenges Faced by Females in Accessing Education:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-46\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Government_Schemes_for_Uplifting_Female_Education\" title=\"Government Schemes for Uplifting Female Education:\">Government Schemes for Uplifting Female Education:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-47\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Underground_Coal_Gasification\" title=\"Underground Coal Gasification\">Underground Coal Gasification<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-48\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_news-4\" title=\"Why in the news?&nbsp;\">Why in the news?&nbsp;<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-49\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Coal_Gasification\" title=\"Coal Gasification:\">Coal Gasification:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-50\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#In-Situ_Gasification_of_Coal_Underground_Coal_Gasification\" title=\"In-Situ Gasification of Coal (Underground Coal Gasification):\">In-Situ Gasification of Coal (Underground Coal Gasification):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-51\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Advantages_of_Underground_Coal_Gasification\" title=\"Advantages of Underground Coal Gasification:\">Advantages of Underground Coal Gasification:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-52\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Disadvantages_of_Underground_Coal_Gasification\" title=\"Disadvantages of Underground Coal Gasification:\">Disadvantages of Underground Coal Gasification:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-53\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Applications\" title=\"Applications:\">Applications:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-54\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Energy_Transition_Index\" title=\"Energy Transition Index\">Energy Transition Index<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-55\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Why_in_the_news-5\" title=\"Why in the news ?\">Why in the news ?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-56\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Energy_Transition_Index_ETI\" title=\"Energy Transition Index (ETI):\">Energy Transition Index (ETI):<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-57\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Energy_Equity\" title=\"Energy Equity:\">Energy Equity:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-58\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Challenges_in_Sub-Saharan_Africas_Energy_Sector\" title=\"Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa\u2019s Energy Sector:\">Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa\u2019s Energy Sector:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-59\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Progress_in_Energy_Transition\" title=\"Progress in Energy Transition:\">Progress in Energy Transition:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-60\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\" title=\"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)\">Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-61\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are daily current affairs?\">Q: What are daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-62\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?\">Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-63\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\" title=\"Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?\">Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-64\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\" title=\"Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?\">Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-65\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\" title=\"Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?\">Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-66\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#To_get_free_counselingsupport_on_UPSC_preparation_from_expert_mentors_please_call_9773890604\" title=\"To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604\">To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-67\" href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/upsc-daily-current-affairs-26th-june-2024-edukemy\/#Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_Here\" title=\"Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013 Here\">Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013 Here<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"PESA_has_boosted_forest_conservation_in_India\"><\/span><strong>PESA has boosted forest conservation in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-2, Polity &amp; Governance\u2013 PESA Act-\u00a0 Panchayats &amp; Local Bodies<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_news\"><\/span><strong>Why in the news ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act empowered the Scheduled Tribes as political actors; and as they needed to protect trees for their livelihoods, it made them hostile to commercial timber and mining.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfU7kN8wXa9JVGjs1zKCsuhXYpcaSwPp1VRS0Z5Q1vUp6meB2zVFRNTA_blq7TsHg-x8aKROiO6-sbV7iSRElx-HeBfaPSfD5Eb1XSVcRxPEsOFytuFXSxhco0eClprhEqQtTiGGAUIUhYAtOhYGb5eHFZuTefNwdksglDJVx9pvfwu54EgVmg?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"PESA Act\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>PESA Act<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_PESA_Act\"><\/span><strong>What is the PESA Act?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act (PESA), enacted in 1996, mandates that local government councils in Scheduled Areas reserve all chairperson positions and at least half of the seats for Scheduled Tribes (ST).&nbsp;<\/li><li>This legislative framework aims to empower marginalised communities by enabling their direct participation in local governance and resource management.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Implementation_of_PESA\"><\/span><strong>Implementation of PESA:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>India differs significantly from the 73rd Amendment, which applies to non-Scheduled Areas, by ensuring mandated representation for Scheduled Tribes (STs) in decision-making bodies.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The variations in PESA implementation across states underscore both the challenges and successes in translating legislative intent into effective governance structures.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_PESA_Ensures_Equitable_Representation\"><\/span><strong>How PESA Ensures Equitable Representation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Impact on Forest Conservation:<\/strong><ul><li>The study utilises a &#8220;difference-in-differences&#8221; methodology to assess PESA&#8217;s effect on forest cover.&nbsp;<\/li><li>It finds that areas with mandated Scheduled Tribe (ST) representation under PESA exhibit lower rates of deforestation and higher afforestation rates compared to areas without such representation.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Economic Incentives for Conservation:<\/strong><ul><li>ST communities, heavily reliant on forest resources for their livelihoods, are motivated to conserve forest cover under PESA.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This approach fosters a &#8220;forest stewardship&#8221; mechanism where STs engage in sustainable practices and resist pressures from deforestation linked to mining and commercial activities.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"On_Democratic_Decentralisation\"><\/span><strong>On Democratic Decentralisation:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Comparison with Administrative Decentralisation:&nbsp;<\/strong><ul><li>The paper distinguishes between administrative decentralisation, which prioritises efficiency, and democratic decentralisation exemplified by PESA.<\/li><li>The latter underscores representative and accountable local governance structures with decision-making autonomy over resource management.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Single Umbrella Institution:<\/strong><ul><li>Advocates suggest consolidating power into a single, empowered institution capable of integrating conservation and development goals effectively.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Such an institution could adeptly navigate the complexities of balancing local economic interests with sustainable conservation practices.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion:&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>PESA stands as a pivotal illustration of how legislative mandates for political representation can simultaneously foster positive environmental outcomes and alleviate socio-economic disparities among forest-dwelling communities in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims<\/strong><br><strong>Q1. At the national level, which ministry is the nodal agency to ensure effective implementation of the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006? (2021)<\/strong><br>(a) Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change<br>(b) Ministry of Panchayati Raj<br>(c) Ministry of Rural Development<br>(d) Ministry of Tribal Affairs<br><strong>Ans: (d)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Q2. A particular State in India has the following characteristics: (2012)<\/strong><br>1. It is located on the same latitude which passes through northern Rajasthan.<br>2. It has over 80% of its area under forest cover.<br>3. Over 12% of forest cover constitutes the Protected Area Network in this State.<br><strong>Which one among the following States has all the above characteristics?<\/strong><br>(a) Arunachal Pradesh<br>(b) Assam<br>(c) Himachal Pradesh<br>(d) Uttarakhand<br><strong>Ans: (a)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Mains<\/strong><br><strong>Q:1\u00a0 \u201cThe most significant achievement of modern law in India is the constitutionalization of environmental problems by the Supreme Court.\u201d Discuss this statement with the help of relevant case laws. (2022)<\/strong><br><strong>Q:2 What are the two major legal initiatives by the state since Independence, addressing discrimination against Scheduled Tribes (ST)? (2017)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/how-the-pesa-has-boosted-forest-conservation-in-india\/article68327557.ece\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Offers_Ten_New_Critical_Mineral_Blocks\"><\/span><strong>Government Offers Ten New Critical Mineral Blocks<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS &#8211; 1, Mineral &amp; Energy Resources\u2013 Government Policies &amp; Interventions<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_news-2\"><\/span><strong>Why in the news ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recently, the Ministry of Mines&#8217; launch of the fourth tranche of critical minerals auction, offering 21 blocks across 14 states.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXc174CSPTkHmjC1NtBBXCTCJnC-A-RHDwkmlu2ANbZBe7KN7FF1q1yqiKMk7zCP1Ao55mTyhKs-EmAgH5JdDzZXhYeEIbHkqKcOJIS9KXurCfwNueIwHAr5WMOdBI9FMw0X1wJbrBGU76QJJ92L146pCaXrZjwBmEsS8QPSAwqwmLOdaZjkxfM?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"Critical minerals\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>Critical minerals<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Critical_minerals\"><\/span><strong>What are the Critical minerals ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Critical minerals are raw materials crucial for economic and national security, primarily utilised in advanced industries and renewable energy technologies.&nbsp;<\/li><li>These minerals are characterised by their rarity, challenging extraction processes, and limited substitutes, making them susceptible to supply chain disruptions influenced by global production constraints and geopolitical dynamics.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The increasing global demand for critical minerals, driven by technological advancements and the shift towards sustainable energy solutions, highlights their pivotal role.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Securing a stable supply of these minerals is essential for ensuring economic resilience and facilitating technological innovation worldwide.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Characteristics_of_Critical_Minerals\"><\/span><strong>Characteristics of Critical Minerals:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Economic Importance:&nbsp;<\/strong><ul><li>Critical minerals are essential for manufacturing high-tech devices, electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage systems, and other key industries critical to economic growth and technological advancement.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Supply Chain Vulnerability:<\/strong>&nbsp;<ul><li>The supply of critical minerals is concentrated in a few countries or regions, making them vulnerable to geopolitical tensions, trade disputes, and other global disruptions.&nbsp;<\/li><li>This concentration increases the risk of supply shortages and price volatility.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Limited Substitutability:&nbsp;<\/strong><ul><li>These minerals often have few or no viable substitutes due to their unique chemical and physical properties.&nbsp;<\/li><li>As a result, disruptions in their supply chain can lead to significant economic and technological impacts, affecting industries that rely heavily on these materials.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Examples_of_Critical_Minerals\"><\/span><strong>Examples of Critical Minerals:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Lithium:<\/strong><ul><li>Used in lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EVs), consumer electronics, and energy storage systems.<\/li><li>Australia and Chile hold the largest reserves of lithium available in mines worldwide, according to the US Geological Survey (USGS).<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Cobalt:<\/strong><ul><li>Essential for battery production, aerospace components, and high-strength alloys.<\/li><li>The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is the largest global supplier of cobalt, possessing nearly half of all global cobalt reserves.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Graphite:<\/strong><ul><li>Critical for batteries, fuel cells, and applications requiring high temperatures.<\/li><li>China held the world&#8217;s largest reserves of natural graphite in 2023, totaling approximately 78 million metric tons.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Nickel:<\/strong><ul><li>Important for stainless steel production and battery manufacturing.<\/li><li>Australia and Indonesia have the largest reserves of nickel in global mines today.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Rare Earth Elements (REEs):<\/strong><ul><li>Vital for electronics manufacturing, magnets, and military applications.<\/li><li>China holds the majority of global rare earth reserves, estimated at about 44 million metric tons.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Other significant reserve-holding countries include Vietnam, Russia, and Brazil.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Critical Minerals Reserves in the World &amp; India:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXdor1_1hRJt7fJzr-Z0NIjP6ontkkOUiTSolUPT86jmzy-I9SMwBYI4cbEH2aV82xEutnkdM7FgbDwKFrMKIpZQ-nBpLrZGlC8Rsni5ALnNGQttwavujzCKSNEzfJdfOdCYoDlFHNZTkRJxdfPnU0KvsokYL1Ien4x64h3FVI6VIqtFw3kJtqo?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"Critical Minerals Policy\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>Critical Minerals Policy<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>India lacks reserves of nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, rare earth elements including neodymium and indium. Additionally, the country&#8217;s demand for copper and silver exceeds its current reserves.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indias_Critical_Minerals_Policy\"><\/span><strong>India\u2019s Critical Minerals Policy:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Ministry of Mines, along with Khanij Bidesh India Ltd. (KABIL), is acquiring mineral assets in Australia, Argentina, and Chile to ensure a steady supply.<\/li><li>India has joined the U.S.-led Mineral Security Partnership to boost cooperation and investment in critical mineral supply chains.<\/li><li>The MMDR Amendment Act, 2023, empowers the Central Government to auction mining leases and licences for 24 critical minerals, promoting self-sufficiency and advancing high-tech electronics, telecommunications, and renewable energy sectors.<\/li><li>The first e-auction for 20 blocks of critical minerals, including lithium and rare earth elements, launched on November 29, 2023, aims to reduce import dependency, attract investments, and support India\u2019s self-reliance goals (Atma Nirbhar Bharat).<\/li><li>A new Exploration Licence for 29 critical and deep-seated minerals encourages the use of advanced technologies in mineral discovery and mining, enhancing domestic production, securing supply chains, and contributing to India&#8217;s economic growth and technological advancement.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Offers_Ten_New_Critical_Mineral_Blocks-2\"><\/span><strong>Government Offers Ten New Critical Mineral Blocks:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The Ministry of Mines launched the fourth tranche of critical minerals auction, offering 21 blocks across 14 states.<\/li><li>To incentivize exploration, the ministry announced a scheme to reimburse up to Rs 20 crore in exploration expenses for licence holders.<\/li><li>The fourth tranche brings the total number of critical mineral blocks offered to 48.<ul><li>Auction history shows mixed results: out of 48 blocks, 24 have been annulled due to low bidder interest.<\/li><li>The ministry remains optimistic about successful re-auctions, with efforts to intensify investor engagement.<\/li><li>The newly announced exploration reimbursement scheme aims to boost investor interest.<\/li><li>Licence holders can claim up to Rs 20 crore for exploration activities and may receive additional reimbursements if they hand over a block for mining lease within three years.<\/li><li>This incentive addresses concerns about the need to re-auction blocks for mining after exploration.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>UPSC Civil Services Examination Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Mains<\/strong><br><strong>Q:1\u00a0 Despite India being one of the countries of Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in percentage. Discuss. (2021)<\/strong><br><strong>Q:2\u00a0 \u201cIn spite of adverse environmental impact, coal mining is still inevitable for development\u201d. Discuss. (2017)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/government-offers-ten-new-critical-mineral-blocks-unveils-fresh-incentives-for-exploration-9412775\/\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"ISROs_Reusable_Launch_Vehicle_%E2%80%98Pushpak\"><\/span><strong>ISRO\u2019s Reusable Launch Vehicle \u2018Pushpak\u2019<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-3, Science &amp; Technology &#8211; India achievements in science &amp; tech.- ISRO\u2019s<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_News\"><\/span><strong>Why in the News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Recently, <\/strong>ISRO completed the third Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) Landing Experiment (LEX) of its winged vehicle \u2018Pushpak\u2019 at the Aeronautical Test Range (ATR) in Chitradurga, Karnataka.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfk0Buww27Cuauri1ZE1o8Nnaw6fnf7Ia73dKVy9kd_4Q88I5hLYtOfvvHoNkDT6IvGhiSbh5GXbNjJSsi4Frwt-AqgxPO9hy6CI9fmEaXUr-fMK504G3Uf2Y8JyWKrfVYja1MGvSMlGLpw98YDiYPzl4nxmG_5e_KuonMbTj5sJvHrhhiegxQ?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"RLV\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>RLV<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_an_RLV_and_How_is_it_Different_from_Other_Launch_Vehicles\"><\/span><strong>What is an RLV and How is it Different from Other Launch Vehicles?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Primarily, launch vehicles comprise three or four stages apart from the payload, which needs to be launched into a polar or geosynchronous orbit, depending on a mission\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>In ISRO\u2019s 3-stage rockets:<\/strong><ul><li>The first\/lowermost stage has solid fuel\/up to 4 liquid strap-on boosters in the GSLV;<\/li><li>The second stage has the Vikas engine powered by liquid fuel; and<\/li><li>The third and uppermost stage has a cryogenic engine, which uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>In the 4-stage PSLV:<\/strong><ul><li>The first stage has a motor using solid fuel augmentable with up to six solid-fuel strap-on boosters;<\/li><li>The second stage has a Vikas engine;<\/li><li>The third stage again has a solid-fuel motor; and<\/li><li>The fourth stage has two liquid engines.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Note\"><\/span><strong>Note:&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The RLV that ISRO is building has only two stages to propel the vehicle into orbit. Once the fuel in the first stage has been expended, the vehicle will shed it and carry on with the second stage.&nbsp;<\/li><li>The first stage will re-enter the atmosphere and land in an autonomous fashion at a predetermined location. After some maintenance, it will be available for reuse.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Significance_of_RLVs\"><\/span><strong>What is the Significance of RLVs?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Low lift-to-drag (L\/D) ratio:<\/strong> In aerodynamics, the L\/D ratio is the lift generated by an aircraft, divided by the aerodynamic drag caused by moving through air.<\/li><li><strong>Cost-effective:<\/strong> The use of two-staged RLVs can reduce the cost of a launch by nearly 80% of the current cost.<\/li><li><strong>Foundation for advanced technologies:<\/strong> It has the potential to serve as the foundation for advanced technologies such as:<ul><li>Hypersonic flight,<\/li><li>Autonomous landing,<\/li><li>Return flight experimentation,<\/li><li>Powered cruise flight, and<\/li><li>Air-breathing propulsion systems.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Scientific, strategic and commercial advantages for India:<\/strong> The building of RLVs will ensure that the country does not lag in important scientific and strategic areas and will also commercially help ISRO.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_History_of_ISROs_RLV_Missions\"><\/span><strong>What is the History of ISRO\u2019s RLV Missions?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>In 2010, ISRO began developing a winged reusable rocket, taking the first step towards realising a two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) launch vehicle that could be fully reusable.<\/li><li>In 2016, the winged vehicle successfully flew at hypersonic speed and touched down at a predetermined site 425 km east of Sriharikota, in the Bay of Bengal.<\/li><li>While several other related technologies have been tested through the years, ISRO\u2019s RLV\u2019s autonomous landing was only tested successfully in 2023.<\/li><li>Currently, ISRO is working on the \u2018Orbital Reentry Experiment\u2019 (ORE), which will be taken to orbit by a modified launch vehicle comprising existing GSLV and PSLV stages. The vehicle will stay in orbit for a stipulated period, re-enter, and finally land autonomously on a runway, with landing gear.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_RLV_LEX_Missions\"><\/span><strong>What are the RLV LEX Missions?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The mission was accomplished by Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) along with the Liquid Propulsion System Centre (LPSC) and the ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU).<\/li><li>This is the third and final test in the series of LEX (03), following the success of the RLV LEX-01 and LEX-02 missions.<\/li><li>The third and final test re-demonstrated the autonomous landing capability of the RLV under more challenging release conditions.<\/li><li>The mission simulated high-speed landing conditions for a vehicle returning from space, reaffirming ISRO\u2019s expertise in acquiring the most critical technologies required for the development of an RLV.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims<\/strong><br><strong>Q:1 With reference to India\u2019s satellite launch vehicles, consider the following statements: (2018)<\/strong><br>1. PSLVs launch the satellites useful for Earth resources monitoring whereas GSLVs are designed mainly to launch communication satellites.<br>2. Satellites launched by PSLV appear to remain permanently fixed in the same position in the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth.<br>3. GSLV Mk III is a four-staged launch vehicle with the first and third stages using solid rocket motors, and the second and fourth stages using liquid rocket engines.<br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><br>(a) 1 only<br>(b) 2 and 3<br>(c) 1 and 2\u00a0<br>(d) 3 only<br><strong>Ans: (a)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/isro-successfully-conducts-third-and-final-pushpak-reusable-launch-vehicle-landing-experiment\/article68323211.ece\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"J_Ks_Enemy_Agents_Ordinance\"><\/span><strong>J&amp;K\u2019s Enemy Agents Ordinance<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS \u2013 3 \u2013 Internal Security, GS-2 &#8211; Polity &amp; Governance- Ordinance<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_News-2\"><\/span><strong>Why in the News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recently, the J&amp;K Director General of Police (DGP) has stated that investigating agencies should prosecute anyone found aiding militants in J&amp;K under the Enemy Agents Ordinance 2005.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_is_the_Background_of_the_J_K_Enemy_Agents_Ordinance\"><\/span><strong>What is the Background of the J&amp;K Enemy Agents Ordinance?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Initially issued in 1917 by the Dogra Maharaja of J&amp;K, it is called an \u2018ordinance\u2019 because laws made during the Dogra rule were referred to as ordinances.<\/li><li>After Partition in 1947, the ordinance was incorporated as a law in the erstwhile state and was later amended.<\/li><li>The Enemy Agents Ordinance 2005 (1948) was promulgated under Section 5 of the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution Act 1996.<\/li><li>In 2019, with the repeal of Article 370, J&amp;K\u2019s legal framework underwent significant changes.<\/li><li>The J&amp;K Reorganisation Act listed state laws to continue, while others were repealed and replaced with Indian laws.<\/li><li>For instance, while security laws such as the Enemy Agents Ordinance and the Public Safety Act remained, the Ranbir Penal Code was replaced with the Indian Penal Code.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_are_the_Salient_Provisions_of_the_J_K_Enemy_Agents_Ordinance\"><\/span><strong>What are the Salient Provisions of the J&amp;K Enemy Agents Ordinance?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Definition of an \u201cenemy\u201d agent:<\/strong> Anyone who conspires with another person to carry out an act intended to aid the enemy.<\/li><li><strong>Punishment:<\/strong> Enemy agents can be punished with death, rigorous imprisonment for life, or rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to 10 years, and may also be liable to a fine.<\/li><li><strong>Trials under the ordinance:<\/strong><ul><li>Conducted by a special judge appointed by the government in consultation with the High Court.<\/li><li>The accused cannot engage a lawyer to defend themselves unless permitted by the court.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Appeal against the verdict:<\/strong><ul><li>There is no provision for appeal against the verdict.<\/li><li>The decision of the special judge can only be reviewed by a person chosen by the government from the judges of the High Court, whose decision shall be final.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Bar on disclosure:<\/strong> The ordinance bars any disclosure or publication of the case tried under it without the previous authorisation of the Government.<\/li><li><strong>Trials under the ordinance:<\/strong> Several Kashmiris have been tried and sentenced under the Enemy Agents Ordinance.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion-2\"><\/span><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Thus, The Enemy Agents Ordinance is a stringent measure to combat militancy in Jammu and Kashmir, imposing severe penalties and restricting legal defences to deter and punish those aiding militants. However, its rigorous provisions and lack of appeal options raise significant human rights and legal concerns, emphasising the need for a balanced approach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year\u2019s Question (PYQs)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims<\/strong><br><strong>Q:1 With reference to the Delimitation Commission consider the following statements: (2012)<\/strong><br>1. The orders of the Delimitation Commission cannot be challenged in a Court of Law.<br>2. When the orders of the Delimitation Commission are laid before the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly, they cannot effect any modification in the orders.<br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><br>(a) 1 only\u00a0<br>(b) 2 only\u00a0<br>(c) Both 1 and 2<br>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<br><strong>Ans: C<\/strong><br><br><strong>Q:2 Which one of the following is the largest (areawise) Lok Sabha constituency? (2008)<\/strong><br>(a) Kangra\u00a0<br>(b) Ladakh<br>(c) Kachchh\u00a0<br>(d) Bhilwara<br><strong>Ans: (b)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Q:3\u00a0 Siachen Glacier is situated to the (2020)<\/strong><br>(a) East of Aksai Chin\u00a0<br>(b) East of Leh\u00a0<br>(c) North of Gilgit<br>(d) North of Nubra Valley<br><strong>Ans: (d)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Mains<\/strong><br><strong>Q:1 To what extent is Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, bearing marginal note \u201cTemporary provision with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir\u201d, temporary? Discuss the future prospects of this provision in the context of Indian polity. (2016)<\/strong><br><strong>Q:2 The banning of \u2018Jamaat-e-Islami\u2019 in Jammu and Kashmir brought into focus the role of over-ground workers (OGWs) in assisting terrorist organisations. Examine the role played by OGWs in assisting terrorist organisations in insurgency-affected areas. Discuss measures to neutralise the influence of OGWs. (2019)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/what-is-enemy-agents-ordinance-tough-law-applicable-in-jk-9412703\/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20ordinance%2C%20%E2%80%9Cwhosoever,guilty%20of%20incendiarism%20shall%20be\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lithium_Mining_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Lithium Mining in India<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-1, Indian Geography\u2014 Distribution of Key Natural Resources\u2014 Mineral &amp; Energy Resources<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_News-3\"><\/span><strong>Why in the News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recently, exploration of lithium in Chhattisgarh\u2019s Korba district has progressed, with one block advancing to the second round of auctions and promising deposits identified in another block&#8217;s initial exploration.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About_Lithium\"><\/span><strong>About Lithium:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Properties<\/strong>: Lithium is a chemical element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. It is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal.<\/li><li><strong>Characteristics<\/strong>: Lithium is light and soft, can be cut with a kitchen knife, and is so low in density that it floats on water.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications_of_Lithium\"><\/span><strong>Applications of Lithium:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Rechargeable Batteries<\/strong>: Used in mobile phones, laptops, digital cameras, and electric vehicles (EVs). Often called &#8220;white gold&#8221; for EVs.<\/li><li><strong>Alloys<\/strong>: Made into alloys with aluminium and magnesium to improve strength and reduce weight. Used in aircraft, bicycle frames, and high-speed trains.<\/li><li><strong>Biological Role<\/strong>: Lithium has no known biological role and is toxic except in very small doses.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_is_Lithium_Found_Naturally\"><\/span><strong>Where is Lithium Found Naturally?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Earth\u2019s Crust<\/strong>: Makes up 0.0007% of the Earth&#8217;s crust, found locked in minerals and salts.<\/li><li><strong>India<\/strong>: The Geological Survey of India found 9 million tonnes in Salal-Haimana area of Reasi district, J&amp;K. India now has the third largest lithium resource globally, but conversion to reserves will take time.<\/li><li><strong>Global Production<\/strong>: Surpassed 100,000 tonnes in 2021, with Australia producing 52% of the world\u2019s lithium.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXcbRFm1hODUHG6_fv9MX8DT8bHE08Ctwo-jblDUx0fI8DfQSO9utLHvWkGwykdyJ6X13dTnSZ7a1DotqowIiF0jMm7z-QEOYy3s58kpbGBZmFUvPs3Xuz2RH0FPrP3qJkfDdRobabr0TTT6oRBTkqVlHuLGSuIv0r28Z50g_W9gVjk1l72oow?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"Lithium Production\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>Lithium Production<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Future_of_Lithium_Production\"><\/span><strong>Future of Lithium Production:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Demand Projections<\/strong>: Expected to reach 1.5 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE) by 2025 and over 3 million tonnes by 2030.<\/li><li><strong>Production Needs<\/strong>: Must triple by 2025 and increase nearly six-fold by 2030 to meet demand.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Lithium_Mining_in_India-2\"><\/span><strong>Lithium Mining in India:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Chhattisgarh<\/strong>: Exploration in Korba has advanced, with one block moving to the second auction round and another showing promising deposits.<\/li><li><strong>Challenges<\/strong>: Setbacks include cancelled auction in J&amp;K\u2019s Reasi district due to low investor interest and halted exploration in Manipur&#8217;s Kamjong district due to local resistance.<\/li><li><strong>Exploration Efforts<\/strong>: Efforts in Manipur, Ladakh, and Assam have been less successful due to local resistance and poor results.<\/li><li><strong>National Mineral Exploration Trust (NMET)<\/strong>: Funded a private company that found lithium deposits in Korba ranging from 168 to 295 ppm.<\/li><li><strong>Auctions<\/strong>: Since November, the Mines Ministry has auctioned 38 critical mineral blocks, including lithium blocks in J&amp;K and Chhattisgarh. Korba block attracted investors, but Reasi block did not and is being re-auctioned.<\/li><li><strong>International Assets<\/strong>: Despite mixed domestic results, India has secured lithium assets abroad, such as in Argentina\u2019s Catamarca province through Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL), and is exploring opportunities in Sri Lanka and Australia.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><div class=\"pcrstb-wrap\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-center\" data-align=\"center\"><strong>UPSC Civil Services Examination, Previous Year Question (PYQ)<\/strong><br><br><strong>Prelims<\/strong><br><strong>Q:1\u00a0 Which one of the following pairs of metals constitutes the lightest metal and the heaviest metal, respectively? (2008)<\/strong><br>(a) Lithium and mercury<br>(b) Lithium and osmium<br>(c) Aluminium and osmium<br>(d) Aluminium and mercury<br><strong>Ans: (b)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/amid-setbacks-first-signs-of-progress-in-lithium-mining-in-chhattisgarh-9410782\/\"><strong>IE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_Assembly_Passes_Resolution_to_Change_States_Name\"><\/span><strong>Kerala Assembly Passes Resolution to Change State&#8217;s Name<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-2 , Polity &amp; Governance- State Government Policies &amp; Interventions<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_News-4\"><\/span><strong>Why in the News?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recently, Kerala Assembly has unanimously passed a resolution urging the Centre to rename the state as \u201cKeralam\u2019\u2019 in the Constitution. This is the second time in the past year that such a resolution has been passed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Process_of_Changing_the_Name_of_a_State\"><\/span><strong>Process of Changing the Name of a State:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Constitutional Provision<\/strong><ul><li>Article 3 of the Indian Constitution outlines the process for changing the name of a state.<\/li><li>Article 3 also empowers the Parliament to:<ul><li>Form new states by separating territory from existing states, uniting states or parts of states, or attaching a territory to a state.<\/li><li>Increase or decrease the area of a state.<\/li><li>Alter the boundaries of a state.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Proposal by the State Legislature:<\/strong><ul><li>The proposal to change the name of a state typically begins with a resolution passed by the state legislature.<\/li><li>The resolution reflects the desire of the state to change its name.<\/li><li>This process can also be initiated by the central government through a proposal to change the name of a state.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Recommendation by the President:<\/strong><ul><li>Once the state legislature passes the resolution, it is sent to the central government.<\/li><li>If the proposal is initiated by the central government, it must be submitted to the President of India.<\/li><li>The President of India must recommend the proposal to the Parliament before any action can be taken.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Introduction of a Bill in Parliament:<\/strong><ul><li>A bill to alter the name of a state is introduced in either house of Parliament (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha).<\/li><li>The bill can only be introduced with the prior recommendation of the President.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Referral to the State Legislature:<\/strong><ul><li>Before the bill is taken up for consideration in Parliament, the President is required to refer it to the legislature of the state concerned for expressing its views within a specified period.<\/li><li>This is done to seek the opinion of the state legislature on the proposed change.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Consideration of State Legislature&#8217;s Views:<\/strong><ul><li>The state legislature\u2019s views are communicated back to the central government.<\/li><li>However, the Parliament is not bound by the state legislature\u2019s opinion. It is merely a consultative process.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Passage of the Bill in Parliament:<\/strong><ul><li>The bill must be passed by a simple majority in both houses of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha).<\/li><li>This means more than half of the members present and voting must approve the bill.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Assent of the President:<\/strong><ul><li>Once both houses of Parliament pass the bill, it is sent to the President for assent.<\/li><li>Upon receiving the President\u2019s assent, the bill becomes law, and the name of the state is officially changed.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Notification in the Official Gazette:<\/strong><ul><li>The change in the state\u2019s name is then notified in the Official Gazette of India. This marks the formal and legal change of the state\u2019s name.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Resolution_Passed_by_the_Kerala_Assembly\"><\/span><strong>Resolution Passed by the Kerala Assembly:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"About-2\"><\/span><strong>About:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kerala Chief Minister Pinarayi Vijayan moved a resolution stating that the state&#8217;s name should be changed to &#8220;Keralam&#8221; in the Constitution to match its Malayalam name.<\/li><li>The Kerala Assembly unanimously requested the Union Government to make this change under Article 3.<\/li><li>A similar resolution was passed on August 9 last year but needed reintroduction due to technical issues.<\/li><li>The previous resolution aimed to amend the First Schedule (list of states) and inadvertently omitted a demand to amend the Eighth Schedule (list of official languages). This oversight led to the reintroduction of the modified resolution.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_Keralam\"><\/span><strong>Why Keralam:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kerala is the English version of the Malayalam word &#8220;Keralam,&#8221; with several theories about its etymology.<\/li><li>The earliest mention is in Emperor Ashoka\u2019s Rock Edict II from 257 BCE, referring to &#8220;Keralaputra&#8221; or &#8220;son of Kerala,&#8221; associated with the Chera dynasty.<\/li><li>German linguist Dr. Herman Gundert noted that &#8220;keram&#8221; in Kannada corresponds to &#8220;cheram,&#8221; describing the coastal land from Gokarna to Kanyakumari.<\/li><li>The term &#8220;cher&#8221; in Old Tamil means to join, possibly indicating the origin of the name.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Story_of_Statehood\"><\/span><strong>Story of Statehood:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The demand for a united Malayalam-speaking state began in the 1920s, aiming to integrate Travancore, Cochin, and the Malabar district.<\/li><li>After independence, on July 1, 1949, Travancore and Cochin merged to form Travancore-Cochin.<\/li><li>The State Reorganisation Commission recommended creating states on linguistic bases.<\/li><li>This led to the inclusion of Malabar and Kasargod into the new state for Malayalam speakers and the exclusion of four southern taluks of Travancore, now part of Tamil Nadu.<\/li><li>Kerala was officially formed on November 1, 1956.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-politics\/kerala-assemblys-demand-keralam-rename-9411895\/#:~:text=Kerala%20Assembly%20on%20Monday%20\">IE<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Poori_Padhai_Desh_Ki_Bhalai\"><\/span><strong>Poori Padhai Desh Ki Bhalai<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS \u2013 2 , Polity &amp; Governance- Vulnerable Sections \u2013 Women<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_news-3\"><\/span><strong>Why in the news ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recently, NGO Child Rights and You (CRY) has launched a nationwide campaign, \u201cPoori Padhai Desh Ki Bhalai,\u201d to increase the participation of the girl child in Indian schools.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXe_xcnc_DFi8AzIi_US3ozCoc4ZztFGSLJAqTmR9AgiWhqfL_iQEACWiJeEy7G7ymu9hjgSlqult4PffSG5In--M8sbwhqX7BmMeJqrniJCukqNf1V1b7sekd3bUoO8PZiDPIq7hnr1F5o8k7UFXhlJdlShO2UD2jRWbM5fsawex0lGt3wuZw?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"Female Education in India\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong> Female Education in India<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Status_of_Female_Education_in_India\"><\/span><strong>Status of Female Education in India:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2011 Census Data<\/strong>: Male literacy rate stood at 82.14%, while the female literacy rate was lower at 65.46%.<\/li><li><strong>Rural Education<\/strong>: Only 1 out of every 100 girls in rural India reaches class 12, and 40% drop out before completing the fifth standard.<\/li><li><strong>Literacy Rates<\/strong>: Over the last decade, rural women have shown the highest increase in literacy rates, with a rise of 26%.<\/li><li><strong>Gross Enrolment Ratio<\/strong>:<ul><li>Elementary Level: Female ratio is 94.32%, slightly higher than 89.28% for boys.<\/li><li>Secondary Level: Girls have a ratio of 81.32% compared to 78% for boys.<\/li><li>Higher Secondary Level: Girls achieve a ratio of 59.7% versus 57.54% for boys.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Labour Market Participation<\/strong>: According to the \u201cWorld Employment and Social Outlook Trends for Women 2018\u201d report, more women are educated and actively participating in the labour market than ever before.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_Faced_by_Females_in_Accessing_Education\"><\/span><strong>Challenges Faced by Females in Accessing Education:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>High Dropout Rates<\/strong>: Despite increasing enrolment rates, dropout rates and lower attendance among girls persist.<\/li><li><strong>Infrastructure Issues<\/strong>: Overcrowded classrooms, teacher absenteeism, lack of sanitation facilities, including girls\u2019 toilets, and overall poor infrastructure in government schools.<\/li><li><strong>Social Norms and Customs<\/strong>: Early marriages, restrictions on girls\u2019 mobility, and societal expectations contribute to lower attendance and higher dropout rates.<\/li><li><strong>Health Issues<\/strong>: Frequent illnesses due to inadequate nutrition and unsanitary living conditions affect girls\u2019 attendance and educational outcomes.<\/li><li><strong>Economic Constraints<\/strong>: Traditional gender roles and economic constraints lead families to prioritise boys\u2019 education over girls&#8217;, as girls are perceived to be less employable.<\/li><li><strong>Patriarchal Attitudes<\/strong>: Societal perceptions marginalised women in social, political, and economic spheres, limiting their opportunities.<\/li><li><strong>Safety Concerns<\/strong>: Concerns over violence and security issues further contribute to barriers to girls\u2019 education.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Government_Schemes_for_Uplifting_Female_Education\"><\/span><strong>Government Schemes for Uplifting Female Education:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme<\/strong>: Launched in 2015, focuses on improving the declining child sex ratio and ensuring the education and empowerment of girls.<\/li><li><strong>Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)<\/strong>: Aims to provide universal elementary education, including interventions to improve girls\u2019 access to and quality of education.<\/li><li><strong>Support to Training and Employment Program for Women (STEP)<\/strong>: Provides skills training and employment opportunities to women.<\/li><li><strong>National Scheme of Incentives to Girls for Secondary Education (NSIGSE)<\/strong>: Provides financial incentives to encourage girls from poor backgrounds to complete secondary education.<\/li><li><strong>Udaan Scheme<\/strong>: A CBSE initiative to promote girls\u2019 education by providing support for their entry into technical education programs through coaching and financial assistance.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/governance\/-poori-padhai-desh-ki-bhalai-cry-launches-pan-india-drive-to-change-societal-attitude-towards-girls-education-96848\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Underground_Coal_Gasification\"><\/span><strong>Underground Coal Gasification<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-3, Ecology &amp; Environment\u00a0 \u2013 Conservation\u2013 Coal Gasification<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_news-4\"><\/span><strong>Why in the news?&nbsp;<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recently, The Ministry of Coal has initiated India\u2019s first Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) project at the Kasta Coal block in Jharkhand.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Led by Eastern Coalfields Limited, this project aims to convert coal into valuable gases like methane and hydrogen for industrial use, promoting sustainable energy and enhancing coal resource utilisation.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Coal_Gasification\"><\/span><strong>Coal Gasification:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Definition<\/strong>: Coal gasification is a process that converts coal into syngas (synthetic gas), which primarily comprises carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H\u2082), carbon dioxide (CO\u2082), methane (CH\u2084), and water vapour (H\u2082O).<\/li><li><strong>Process<\/strong>: This conversion is achieved by reacting coal at high temperatures (typically above 700\u00b0C) with a controlled amount of oxygen and\/or steam.<\/li><li><strong>Applications<\/strong>: The resulting syngas can be used for power generation, the production of chemical feedstocks, and as a fuel for synthetic natural gas (SNG) production.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfHc089l9fQsYxlFkYo1RZRt1JbCEwtVk2gURET8T3L56Yo4I1gA_HgDbn-7X9RoqFgKfl8j9aIjiunfK2aBQUjuCtxr1rtpUtOjlZi_Zt5_7aJb22uYxxoShMu3F6VNSpWilwT1ISaW5FRyNshNChPR2-arpYqcolHPUavM0W-lFpU8X1gOh0?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"Coal Gasification\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>Coal Gasification<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"In-Situ_Gasification_of_Coal_Underground_Coal_Gasification\"><\/span><strong>In-Situ Gasification of Coal (Underground Coal Gasification):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Definition<\/strong>: A technique of converting coal into gas while it is still in the seam and then extracting it through wells.<\/li><li><strong>Benefits<\/strong>: This method offers a promising alternative for accessing deep and un-mineable coal resources with potentially lower environmental impact compared to traditional mining and surface gasification.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Advantages_of_Underground_Coal_Gasification\"><\/span><strong>Advantages of Underground Coal Gasification:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Utilisation of Un-mineable Coal<\/strong>: Accesses deep or thin coal seams that are not feasible to mine using conventional methods.<\/li><li><strong>Reduced Surface Disturbance<\/strong>: Lesser environmental and social impacts compared to traditional methods.<\/li><li><strong>Efficiency<\/strong>: Potentially higher efficiency and lower costs due to the elimination of coal mining, transportation, and surface gasification processes.<\/li><li><strong>Lower Emissions<\/strong>: The controlled environment allows for better management of emissions and pollutants.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Disadvantages_of_Underground_Coal_Gasification\"><\/span><strong>Disadvantages of Underground Coal Gasification:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Technical Complexity<\/strong>: Requires advanced technology for drilling, ignition, and maintaining controlled gasification conditions.<\/li><li><strong>Environmental Risks<\/strong>: Potential risks include groundwater contamination, subsidence, and uncontrolled gas migration.<\/li><li><strong>Regulatory and Public Acceptance<\/strong>: Addressing regulatory concerns and gaining public acceptance is crucial, especially regarding environmental and safety issues.<\/li><li><strong>Monitoring and Control<\/strong>: Requires continuous monitoring and control to ensure efficient operation and to mitigate potential environmental impacts.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications\"><\/span><strong>Applications:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Power Generation<\/strong>: Such as in gas turbines or combined cycle plants for electricity generation.<\/li><li><strong>Chemical Feedstocks<\/strong>: Production of chemicals such as methanol, ammonia, and synthetic natural gas.<\/li><li><strong>Hydrogen Production<\/strong>: UCG can be an alternative source of hydrogen for industrial uses and fuel cells.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleseDetailm.aspx?PRID=2028176#main-nav\"><strong>PIB<\/strong><\/a><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Energy_Transition_Index\"><\/span><strong>Energy Transition Index<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>Tags: GS-3 , Ecology &amp; Environment &#8211; Energy region \u2013 Reports<\/strong><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_in_the_news-5\"><\/span><strong>Why in the news ?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>The World Economic Forum&#8217;s (WEF) Energy Transition Index (ETI) report highlights the urgent need to address energy equity in Sub-Saharan Africa.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Energy_Transition_Index_ETI\"><\/span><strong>Energy Transition Index (ETI):<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Purpose<\/strong>: ETI assesses countries\u2019 energy systems\u2019 performance across three dimensions:<ul><li>Economic Development and Growth<\/li><li>Environmental Sustainability<\/li><li>Energy Access and Security<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Insights<\/strong>: The index provides insights into how countries balance energy transition with economic and social considerations.<\/li><li><strong>ETI 2024 Rankings<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Top Performers<\/strong>:<ul><li>Sweden (1st)<\/li><li>Denmark (2nd)<\/li><li>Finland, Switzerland, and France follow in the top five.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Overall Progress<\/strong>: Out of 120 countries, 107 have shown progress over the past decade, with 30 countries increasing their scores by more than 10%.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Current Trends<\/strong>: ETI scores peaked in 2024, but the momentum of the energy transition has slowed over the past three years.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/docsz\/AD_4nXfQ0VyxJsr0vunCX2R-1u-pi0mUsy3IpX_VFB37qwpO8_Q8gnOrj_KAN2xHoVPaKTOcbc2Ggpz83YxDU9ZiOkREobDfSunjmjM8AjmgPTvSq2VuUkDqKlyaVZCHmKSU4KWdNh-0tMyZZUDgkGeMC0IBMHvIQiQMXWic1A92wTjmRLwtBjyxKQ?key=bcZz3bnLWe1zLdPTX6zgJg\" alt=\"ETI 2024 \" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" class=\"lazyload\" \/><figcaption><strong>ETI 2024 <\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Energy_Equity\"><\/span><strong>Energy Equity:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Definition<\/strong>: Energy equity refers to fair access to reliable, affordable, and sustainable energy for all socio-economic groups.<\/li><li><strong>Components<\/strong>: Addressing disparities in energy access, ensuring affordability, and supporting sustainable energy solutions are key components of energy equity.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Challenges_in_Sub-Saharan_Africas_Energy_Sector\"><\/span><strong>Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa\u2019s Energy Sector:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Limited Access to Electricity<\/strong>:<ul><li>Approximately 600 million people lack access to electricity, impeding economic development, education, and healthcare.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Infrastructure Costs<\/strong>:<ul><li>High costs associated with developing energy infrastructure in vast and sparsely populated regions.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Fossil Fuel Dependence<\/strong>:<ul><li>Reliance on environmentally unsustainable fossil fuels, subject to volatile global markets, hinders the adoption of renewable energy sources.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Financial Constraints<\/strong>:<ul><li>Limited financial resources and access to capital impede energy project development. Investment is deterred by perceived risks and economic instability.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Policy and Regulatory Challenges<\/strong>:<ul><li>Inconsistent policies, lack of regulatory frameworks, and bureaucratic hurdles discourage private sector investment and innovation.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Technological Barriers<\/strong>:<ul><li>Limited access to modern technologies and expertise slows the adoption of advanced energy solutions.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Environmental and Social Impacts<\/strong>:<ul><li>Energy projects can cause displacement of communities, deforestation, and water pollution, raising environmental and social concerns.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Progress_in_Energy_Transition\"><\/span><strong>Progress in Energy Transition:<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Sub-Saharan Africa<\/strong>:<ul><li>Despite challenges, the region has shown strong growth in ETI, particularly in improving energy access and affordability.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Case Studies<\/strong>:<ul><li><strong>Kenya<\/strong>:<ul><li>Expanded electricity access through the Last Mile Connectivity Project and investments in geothermal energy, positioning it as a leader in renewable energy.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong>Rwanda<\/strong>:<ul><li>Made significant strides in expanding electricity access through innovative off-grid solutions and investment in renewable energy.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00a0Source: (<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/news\/africa\/urgent-action-required-to-address-sub-saharan-africa-s-energy-equity-wef-report-96847\"><strong>DTE<\/strong><\/a><strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Frequently_Asked_Questions_FAQs\"><\/span>Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Daily current affairs refer to the most recent and relevant events, developments, and news stories that are happening around the world on a day-to-day basis. These can encompass a wide range of topics, including politics, economics, science, technology, sports, and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Why_is_it_important_to_stay_updated_with_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: Why is it important to stay updated with daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: Staying updated with daily current affairs is crucial because it helps individuals make informed decisions in their personal and professional lives. It enables people to understand the world around them, stay aware of significant events, and engage in informed discussions about important issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_Where_can_I_access_daily_current_affairs_information\"><\/span>Q: Where can I access daily current affairs information? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: There are various sources for daily current affairs, including newspapers, news websites, television news broadcasts, radio programs, and dedicated apps or newsletters. Social media platforms are also widely used to share and access current affairs information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_How_can_I_effectively_incorporate_daily_current_affairs_into_my_routine\"><\/span>Q: How can I effectively incorporate daily current affairs into my routine? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: To incorporate daily current affairs into your routine, consider setting aside specific times each day to read or watch news updates. You can also subscribe to newsletters or follow news apps to receive curated content. Engaging in discussions with peers or participating in online forums can further enhance your understanding of current events.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Q_What_are_some_tips_for_critical_analysis_of_daily_current_affairs\"><\/span>Q: What are some tips for critical analysis of daily current affairs? <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A: When analyzing daily current affairs, it&#8217;s essential to cross-reference information from multiple sources to ensure accuracy. Additionally, consider the source&#8217;s credibility and bias, if any. Develop the ability to identify the main points and implications of news stories, and critically evaluate the significance and impact of the events reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc\/upsc-essay?utm_source=Blog&amp;utm_medium=Banner&amp;utm_campaign=Essay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/UPSC-Essay-Course-1280\u00d7300-1-3.svg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-42688 lazyload\" width=\"781\" height=\"182\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 781px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 781\/182;\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"To_get_free_counselingsupport_on_UPSC_preparation_from_expert_mentors_please_call_9773890604\"><\/span><strong>To get free counseling\/support on UPSC preparation from expert mentors please call 9773890604<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Join our Main Telegram Channel and access PYQs, Current Affairs and UPSC&nbsp; Guidance for free \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/WithEdukemy4IAS\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Edukemy for IAS<\/a><\/li><li>Learn Economy for free-<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/+uq2Jq2ezMHE3ZjA1\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> Economy for UPSC<\/a><\/li><li>Mains Answer Writing Practice-<a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/+HS9DZh7PTytkNjJl\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mains Answer Writing<\/a><\/li><li>For UPSC Prelims Resources, <a href=\"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/upsc-cse-prelims-resource-centre\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Click here<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Visit_our_YouTube_Channel_%E2%80%93_Here\"><\/span>Visit our YouTube Channel \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@EduKemyforIAS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Here<\/a><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today&#8217;s daily current affairs briefing for UPSC aspirants, we explore the latest developments that hold relevance for the upcoming civil services<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":42945,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[265],"tags":[160,161,169,232,140],"class_list":["post-42938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs","tag-daily-current-affairs-upsc","tag-daily-editorial-analysis","tag-upsc","tag-upsc_preparation_strategy"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42938"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":42952,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42938\/revisions\/42952"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42945"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/edukemy.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}